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<document id="CC3FA15212A93929A115A09D93BF8853" ID-DOI="10.37520/aemnp.2023.024" ID-ISSN="1804-6487" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10621434" ID-ZooBank="B94E1D89-5827-404D-821F-2DA8339FFB58" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1707165741765" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Marques, Dayse Willkenia A. &amp; Rafael, José Albertino" docDate="2023" docId="C00B8781CC07F15058205CAF248412FF" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaEntMusNatPra.63.2.383-395.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 63 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2023.024" docStyle="DocumentStyle:BA2C5C8540539042E893A65A182CEA85.8:ActaEntMusNatPra.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="BA2C5C8540539042E893A65A182CEA85" docStyleName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Chalarus delicatus Rafael 1990" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="389" masterDocId="3C32FFF9CC01F156593658522770174A" masterDocTitle="Chalarus (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of Colombia, with description of two new species and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species" masterLastPageNumber="395" masterPageNumber="383" pageNumber="389" updateTime="1707166334007" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
<mods:mods id="E8C46D1E0C6B6A590FA5EBB651826FAB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="F053631D3D352E37466D707F38A5D255">Chalarus (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of Colombia, with description of two new species and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="21E4513C7FD5F204054EFA1B1DCA6627" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A389CBB7C2CC4AD27047E8CC8443D3A1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="ADD1BDF5EA1B70AA12507E24CDA4E99B">Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B5D423DAD37161F67F6B200AB68C8BA4">Universidad de la Amazonia, Grupo de Investigación en Entomología Universidad de la Amazonia - GIEUA-, Laboratorio de Entomología, - LEUA-, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia: e-mail: ya. ramos @ udla. edu. co; ORCID: 0000 - 0002 - 3193 - 6659 &amp; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; e-mails and ORCIDs: willkenia @ gmail. com, 0000 - 0001 - 7260 - 5760; jarafael @ inpa. gov. br, 0000 - 0002 - 0170 - 0514</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="33743DD6F3273905BC8342E1C2B9E1AE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3C958DDFACA2CBD45F11A1CAE9B1D907">
<mods:roleTerm id="E524E754B80BBD37E21A26831EC58B6F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FC3B33BFC6CABA61F4ECDCA89FC7D470">Marques, Dayse Willkenia A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E8B155654E5810C31905BDFF8A4DC67E">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; e-mails and ORCIDs: willkenia @ gmail. com, 0000 - 0001 - 7260 - 5760; jarafael @ inpa. gov. br, 0000 - 0002 - 0170 - 0514</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="9FAC03D0F34F8D8960DF8C81AD7B8AC3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="25688F463AED769A955436410CD2D3DC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="97174571A3CABBA751CBE555574F4B0F">Rafael, José Albertino</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0CE0DDB33FED1BCDF01173E80DFC96A6">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; e-mails and ORCIDs: willkenia @ gmail. com, 0000 - 0001 - 7260 - 5760; jarafael @ inpa. gov. br, 0000 - 0002 - 0170 - 0514</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="871B105BAD4765E4922846A610EA390C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="DDC341323BA7F9C0C911DDB565A82DEF">Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="E2555A4300479DDFF260922AAE706AF3">
<mods:date id="1B012E03F54DCC54769B9A1EFD31FEC5">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0E3DB6EDE1DE2648EE4B24663D4F176A">2023-12-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="83AE330F3313DBFDE38D692106F4C79F">63</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="965814DA8B4965848D1B5E4AA75CD688">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="DB487C3B16FA6EB4BD70CCAF77E97008">383</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="08AB1B7F5A4B1828BE80CD7626B4CCA9">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="5DA52FD32C3AFEE602DCDF355E97463B" type="DOI">10.37520/aemnp.2023.024</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4C45CD716F15229F4853B5444EF81043" type="ISSN">1804-6487</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C00B8781CC07F15058205CAF248412FF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621490" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10621490" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C00B8781CC07F15058205CAF248412FF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C00B8781CC07F15058205CAF248412FF" lastPageNumber="389" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
<subSubSection id="00B8651CCC07F15058205CAF2508125F" box="[278,632,1277,1301]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="481D3697CC07F15058205CAF2508125F" blockId="6.[278,632,1277,1301]" box="[278,632,1277,1301]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
<heading id="135581FBCC07F15058205CAF2508125F" box="[278,632,1277,1301]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="8FA24D14CC07F15058205CAF2508125F" ID-CoL="TFJT" authority="Rafael, 1990" authorityName="Rafael" authorityYear="1990" box="[278,632,1277,1301]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Chalarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delicatus">
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F15058205CAF2508125F" bold="true" box="[278,632,1277,1301]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F15058205CAF2695125F" bold="true" box="[278,485,1277,1301]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Chalarus delicatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C334B66CC07F15058DA5CAC2508125F" author="RAFAEL J. A." box="[492,632,1278,1301]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" pagination="45 - 53" refId="ref9661" refString="RAFAEL J. A. 1990: Revisao das especies Neotropicais do genero Chalarus Walker, 1834 (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Iheringa, Serie Zoologia 70: 45 - 53." type="journal article" year="1990">Rafael, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00B8651CCC07F15058B75D4E257E1265" box="[385,526,1308,1327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" type="description">
<paragraph id="481D3697CC07F15058B75D4E257E1265" blockId="6.[151,760,1308,1582]" box="[385,526,1308,1327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
(
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F15058B15D4E269A1265" box="[391,490,1308,1327]" captionStart="Figs 44–54" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1975,1994]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[136,1452,172,1982]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 44–54. Chalarus delicatus Rafael, 1990 (LEUA–00000049809). Male. 44 – habitus, left lateral view; 45 – habitus, dorsal view; 46 – antenna; 47 – thorax, dorsal view; 48 – wing; 49 – abdomen, dorsal view; 50 – terminalia, dorsal view; 51 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 52 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 53a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus, left lateral view, 53b – phallus dorsal view; 54 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621450/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Figs 44–54</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F15058C45D4E25781265" box="[498,520,1308,1327]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,182,1792,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,754,1762]" captionTargetId="figure-164@10.[151,1436,754,1762]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 55. Geographical records of Chalarus species in Colombia. Chalarus absonus Rafael, 1990, C. boyacensis sp. nov., C. chairensis sp. nov., C. connexus Rafael, 1988, and C. delicatus Rafael, 1990." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621452/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">55</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00B8651CCC07F15059A15D6C255312EB" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="481D3697CC07F15059A15D6C2557121B" blockId="6.[151,760,1308,1582]" box="[151,551,1342,1361]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="68B211B9CC07F15059A15D6C2557121B" box="[151,551,1342,1361]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
<treatmentCitation id="C9031086CC07F15059A15D6C26BE121B" author="RAFAEL J. A." box="[151,462,1342,1361]" page="49" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" year="1990">
<taxonomicName id="8FA24D14CC07F15059A15D6C26BE121B" ID-CoL="TFJT" authority="Rafael, 1990: 49" authorityName="Rafael" authorityPageNumber="49" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,462,1342,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Chalarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delicatus">
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F15059A15D6C2649121B" box="[151,313,1342,1361]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Chalarus delicatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C334B66CC07F15058085D6C26BE121B" author="RAFAEL J. A." box="[318,462,1342,1361]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" pagination="45 - 53" refId="ref9661" refString="RAFAEL J. A. 1990: Revisao das especies Neotropicais do genero Chalarus Walker, 1834 (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Iheringa, Serie Zoologia 70: 45 - 53." type="journal article" year="1990">Rafael, 1990: 49</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F15058E15D6C2553121B" box="[471,547,1342,1361]" captionStart="Figs 1–11" captionStartId="3.[151,188,1881,1900]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,184,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-12@3.[138,1449,170,1881]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–11. Chalarus absonus Rafael, 1990 (IAvH–M1271). Male. 1 – habitus, left lateral view; 2 – habitus, dorsal view; 3 – antenna; 4 – thorax, dorsal view; 5 – wing; 6 – abdomen, dorsal view; 7 – terminalia, dorsal view; 8 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 9 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 10a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus, right lateral view, 10b – phallus dorsal view; 11 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621436/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Figs 7–9</figureCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="481D3697CC07F15059A15D0B25D912CD" blockId="6.[151,760,1308,1582]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="68B211B9CC07F15059A15D0B25D912CD" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
<taxonomicName id="8FA24D14CC07F15059A15D0B26441226" ID-CoL="TFJT" authorityName="Rafael" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,308,1369,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Chalarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delicatus">
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F15059A15D0B26441226" box="[151,308,1369,1388]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Chalarus delicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="C9031086CC07F150580B5D0B26A61226" author="JERVIS M. A." box="[317,470,1369,1388]" page="346" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="2C334B66CC07F150580B5D0B26A61226" author="JERVIS M. A." box="[317,470,1369,1388]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" pagination="243 - 352" refId="ref9111" refString="JERVIS M. A. 1992: A taxonomic revision of the pipunculid fly genus Chalarus Walker, with particular reference to the European fauna. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 105: 243 - 352." type="journal article" year="1992">JERVIS (1992:346)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="C9031086CC07F15058EB5D0B25E01226" author="DE MEYER M." box="[477,656,1369,1388]" page="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="2C334B66CC07F15058EB5D0B25E01226" author="DE MEYER M." box="[477,656,1369,1388]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" pagination="1 - 127" refId="ref8944" refString="DE MEYER M. 1996: World catalogue of Pipunculidae (Diptera). Documents de Travail de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 86: 1 - 127." type="journal article" year="1996">DE MEYER (1996:15)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="C9031086CC07F1505BA15D0B260C12CD" author="KEHLMAIER C. &amp; ASSMANN T." page="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="2C334B66CC07F1505BA15D0B260C12CD" author="KEHLMAIER C. &amp; ASSMANN T." pageId="6" pageNumber="389" pagination="181 - 195" refId="ref9247" refString="KEHLMAIER C. &amp; ASSMANN T. 2010: Molecular analysis meets morphology based systematics - a synthetic for Chalarinae (Insecta: Diptera: Pipunculidae). Systematic Entomology 35: 181 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2009.00500. x" type="journal article" year="2010">KEHLMAIER &amp; ASSMANN (2010: 12)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; RODRÍGUEZ &amp; RAFAEL (2012: 17).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="481D3697CC07F15059A15DDC255312EB" blockId="6.[151,760,1308,1582]" box="[151,547,1422,1441]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="68B211B9CC07F15059A15DDC255312EB" box="[151,547,1422,1441]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
<taxonomicName id="8FA24D14CC07F15059A15DDC264512EB" baseAuthorityName="Fallén" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[151,309,1422,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Pipunculidae" genus="Chalarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spuruius">
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F15059A15DDC264512EB" box="[151,309,1422,1441]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Chalarus spuruius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="C9031086CC07F15058775DDC26A212EB" author="HARDY D. E." box="[321,466,1422,1441]" page="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="2C334B66CC07F15058775DDC26CF12EB" author="HARDY D. E." box="[321,447,1422,1441]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref9047" refString="HARDY D. E. 1965: Neotropical Pipunculidae (Diptera) studies. Part IV. Further studies of Brazilian species. Arquivos de Zoologia 14: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1965">HARDY (1965)</bibRefCitation>
: 2
</treatmentCitation>
(partim).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00B8651CCC07F15059A15DE326891164" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="481D3697CC07F15059A15DE326891164" blockId="6.[151,760,1308,1582]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F15059A15DE3263E128E" bold="true" box="[151,334,1457,1476]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Material examined</emphasis>
(1 J).
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F15058AF5DE32566128E" bold="true" box="[409,534,1457,1476]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
<collectingCountry id="30B57607CC07F15058AF5DE32566128E" box="[409,534,1457,1476]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F1505B125DE32504128E" bold="true" box="[548,628,1457,1476]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
<collectingRegion id="8A66F875CC07F1505B125DE32504128E" box="[548,628,1457,1476]" country="Colombia" name="Caqueta" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Caquetá</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, San José del Fragua, / Vda. [Vereda] Bellavista, Fca.[Finca] Mi Ranchito, /
<geoCoordinate id="2D965050CC07F15059A15DB4278C12B3" box="[151,252,1510,1529]" degrees="01" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" precision="15" seconds="23" value="1.3063889">01º18’23’’N</geoCoordinate>
/
<geoCoordinate id="2D965050CC07F15058355DB4260212B3" box="[259,370,1510,1529]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" precision="15" seconds="33" value="-76.00916">76º00’33’’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="8F5A9B72CC07F150584F5DB426DF12B3" box="[377,431,1510,1529]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" unit="m" value="265.0">265 m</quantity>
[eters], / 29.Mar[
<collectionCode id="2EB3AE52CC07F1505B0C5DB4252112B3" box="[570,593,1510,1529]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">III</collectionCode>
] –12.Abr[
<collectionCode id="2EB3AE52CC07F1505B915DB425CF12B3" box="[679,703,1510,1529]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">IV</collectionCode>
].2017, / trampa Malaise en dosel del bosque, / Y. Ramos-Pastrana (
<collectionCode id="2EB3AE52CC07F1505B855E53259D115E" box="[691,749,1537,1556]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">LEUA</collectionCode>
– 00000049809) (photographed specimen).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00B8651CCC07F15059A15E15248412FF" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="481D3697CC07F15059A15E1525801034" blockId="6.[151,761,1607,2046]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F15059A15E1526761114" bold="true" box="[151,262,1607,1630]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Pedicel with four setae dorsally and two ventrally. Hind tibia with 1–2 strong setae medially. Both surstyli with outer margins slightly curved; inner margin of each surstylus forming an angle of approximately 130º centrally, apices truncated and converging, without sinus at junction with epandrium in lateral view. Gonopods with apices rounded; left gonopod with apex slightly thinner than right one. Tip of distiphallus short and acute, without phallic processes. Phallus trifid, one ejaculatory duct apically, the other two medially and forward-directed in ventral view, not visible in dorsal view.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="481D3697CC07F15059A15FD523F717BF" blockId="6.[151,761,1607,2046]" lastBlockId="6.[828,1437,190,1461]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F15059A15FD526D210D4" bold="true" box="[151,418,1927,1950]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Intraspecific variability.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C334B66CC07F150589F5FD5253410D4" author="RAFAEL J. A." box="[425,580,1927,1950]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" pagination="45 - 53" refId="ref9661" refString="RAFAEL J. A. 1990: Revisao das especies Neotropicais do genero Chalarus Walker, 1834 (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Iheringa, Serie Zoologia 70: 45 - 53." type="journal article" year="1990">RAFAEL (1990)</bibRefCitation>
provided a complete description and illustrations of the Brazilian
<typeStatus id="97198835CC07F1505BA35FF5258410F4" box="[661,756,1959,1982]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; however, we found variations in the Colombian material. Therefore, we provide a comparison of the variations between the Colombian and Brazilian specimens (between parenthesis, when comparable).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="481D3697CC07F1505A6C58AF24A613BF" blockId="6.[828,1437,190,1461]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F1505A6C58AF24E9165F" bold="true" box="[858,921,253,277]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F1505A6C58AF24E2165F" bold="true" box="[858,914,253,277]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Male</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F1505A9758AC24AB165F" box="[929,987,254,277]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505ADD58AC231A165F" box="[1003,1130,254,277]" captionStart="Figs 44–54" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1975,1994]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[136,1452,172,1982]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 44–54. Chalarus delicatus Rafael, 1990 (LEUA–00000049809). Male. 44 – habitus, left lateral view; 45 – habitus, dorsal view; 46 – antenna; 47 – thorax, dorsal view; 48 – wing; 49 – abdomen, dorsal view; 50 – terminalia, dorsal view; 51 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 52 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 53a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus, left lateral view, 53b – phallus dorsal view; 54 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621450/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Figs 44–45</figureCitation>
). Occiput dark brown, gray-brown pruinose. Antenna (
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505D62594C23D0167F" box="[1108,1184,286,309]" captionStart="Figs 44–54" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1975,1994]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[136,1452,172,1982]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 44–54. Chalarus delicatus Rafael, 1990 (LEUA–00000049809). Male. 44 – habitus, left lateral view; 45 – habitus, dorsal view; 46 – antenna; 47 – thorax, dorsal view; 48 – wing; 49 – abdomen, dorsal view; 50 – terminalia, dorsal view; 51 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 52 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 53a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus, left lateral view, 53b – phallus dorsal view; 54 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621450/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
) brown (
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F1505C36594C2234167F" box="[1280,1348,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">versus</emphasis>
antenna dark brown to black in the
<typeStatus id="97198835CC07F1505D5C596C23BC161F" box="[1130,1228,318,341]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
); pedicel with four setae dorsally and two ventrally.
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F1505D9B590C238A163F" box="[1197,1274,350,373]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Thorax</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505C3A590C22E0163F" box="[1292,1424,350,373]" captionStart="Figs 44–54" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1975,1994]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[136,1452,172,1982]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 44–54. Chalarus delicatus Rafael, 1990 (LEUA–00000049809). Male. 44 – habitus, left lateral view; 45 – habitus, dorsal view; 46 – antenna; 47 – thorax, dorsal view; 48 – wing; 49 – abdomen, dorsal view; 50 – terminalia, dorsal view; 51 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 52 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 53a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus, left lateral view, 53b – phallus dorsal view; 54 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621450/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Figs 45, 47</figureCitation>
). Postpronotal lobe brown, gray-brown pruinose. Scutum dark brown, gray-brown pruinose (
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F1505D8F59CC238D16FF" box="[1209,1277,414,437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">versus</emphasis>
scutum black, brown pruinose). Notopleuron and scutellum concolorous with scutum. Mesopleuron brown, gray-brown pruinose. Mediotergite concolorous with mesopleuron.
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F1505C1C59AC2211155F" box="[1322,1377,510,533]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Wing</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505C4759AC242A157F" captionStart="Figs 44–54" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1975,1994]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[136,1452,172,1982]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 44–54. Chalarus delicatus Rafael, 1990 (LEUA–00000049809). Male. 44 – habitus, left lateral view; 45 – habitus, dorsal view; 46 – antenna; 47 – thorax, dorsal view; 48 – wing; 49 – abdomen, dorsal view; 50 – terminalia, dorsal view; 51 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 52 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 53a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus, left lateral view, 53b – phallus dorsal view; 54 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621450/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
). Membrane slightly infuscated.
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F1505D845A4C2394157F" box="[1202,1252,542,565]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505DC45A4C224E157F" box="[1266,1342,542,565]" captionStart="Figs 44–54" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1975,1994]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[136,1452,172,1982]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 44–54. Chalarus delicatus Rafael, 1990 (LEUA–00000049809). Male. 44 – habitus, left lateral view; 45 – habitus, dorsal view; 46 – antenna; 47 – thorax, dorsal view; 48 – wing; 49 – abdomen, dorsal view; 50 – terminalia, dorsal view; 51 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 52 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 53a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus, left lateral view, 53b – phallus dorsal view; 54 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621450/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
) entirely brown, except tarsomeres 1–4 light brown (
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F1505C155A6C2217151F" box="[1315,1383,574,597]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">versus</emphasis>
legs black, except femoro-tibial articulations and all tarsomeres light brown); pulvilli light brown.
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F1505D9F5A2C227E15DF" box="[1193,1294,638,661]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505C2D5A2C22E515DF" box="[1307,1429,638,661]" captionStart="Figs 44–54" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1975,1994]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[136,1452,172,1982]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 44–54. Chalarus delicatus Rafael, 1990 (LEUA–00000049809). Male. 44 – habitus, left lateral view; 45 – habitus, dorsal view; 46 – antenna; 47 – thorax, dorsal view; 48 – wing; 49 – abdomen, dorsal view; 50 – terminalia, dorsal view; 51 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 52 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 53a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus, left lateral view, 53b – phallus dorsal view; 54 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621450/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Figs 45, 49</figureCitation>
) brown, gray-brown pruinose, with long setae laterally and short scattered setae dorsally; tergite 1 light brown basally, dark brown posterolaterally; tergite 1–5 with transverse bands brown pruinose dorsally; tergite 6 clearly shorter than tergite 5; syntergosternite 8 with long apical setae (Fig. X).
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F1505A545B6C24A3141F" box="[866,979,830,853]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Terminalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505AE95B6C2327141F" box="[991,1111,830,853]" captionStart="Figs 44–54" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1975,1994]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[136,1452,172,1982]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 44–54. Chalarus delicatus Rafael, 1990 (LEUA–00000049809). Male. 44 – habitus, left lateral view; 45 – habitus, dorsal view; 46 – antenna; 47 – thorax, dorsal view; 48 – wing; 49 – abdomen, dorsal view; 50 – terminalia, dorsal view; 51 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 52 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 53a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus, left lateral view, 53b – phallus dorsal view; 54 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621450/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Figs 50–54</figureCitation>
). Epandrium and surstyli brown (
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505A725B0C24E1143F" box="[836,913,862,885]" captionStart="Figs 44–54" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1975,1994]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[136,1452,172,1982]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 44–54. Chalarus delicatus Rafael, 1990 (LEUA–00000049809). Male. 44 – habitus, left lateral view; 45 – habitus, dorsal view; 46 – antenna; 47 – thorax, dorsal view; 48 – wing; 49 – abdomen, dorsal view; 50 – terminalia, dorsal view; 51 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 52 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 53a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus, left lateral view, 53b – phallus dorsal view; 54 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621450/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
). Surstyli (
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505AC85B0C2305143F" box="[1022,1141,862,885]" captionStart="Figs 44–54" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1975,1994]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[136,1452,172,1982]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 44–54. Chalarus delicatus Rafael, 1990 (LEUA–00000049809). Male. 44 – habitus, left lateral view; 45 – habitus, dorsal view; 46 – antenna; 47 – thorax, dorsal view; 48 – wing; 49 – abdomen, dorsal view; 50 – terminalia, dorsal view; 51 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 52 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 53a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus, left lateral view, 53b – phallus dorsal view; 54 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621450/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Figs 50–52</figureCitation>
) subsymmetrical and setose, with long seta apically; both surstyli with outer margins slightly curved, inner margin of each surstylus forming angle of approximately 130º centrally, apices truncated and converging (
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505AF25B8C236614BF" box="[964,1046,990,1013]" captionStart="Figs 44–54" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1975,1994]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[136,1452,172,1982]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 44–54. Chalarus delicatus Rafael, 1990 (LEUA–00000049809). Male. 44 – habitus, left lateral view; 45 – habitus, dorsal view; 46 – antenna; 47 – thorax, dorsal view; 48 – wing; 49 – abdomen, dorsal view; 50 – terminalia, dorsal view; 51 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 52 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 53a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus, left lateral view, 53b – phallus dorsal view; 54 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621450/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
); both surstyli with apices rounded; left surstylus in lateral view with apex slightly thinner than right one (
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505A865C4C2341137F" box="[944,1073,1054,1077]" captionStart="Figs 44–54" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1975,1994]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[136,1452,172,1982]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 44–54. Chalarus delicatus Rafael, 1990 (LEUA–00000049809). Male. 44 – habitus, left lateral view; 45 – habitus, dorsal view; 46 – antenna; 47 – thorax, dorsal view; 48 – wing; 49 – abdomen, dorsal view; 50 – terminalia, dorsal view; 51 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 52 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 53a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus, left lateral view, 53b – phallus dorsal view; 54 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621450/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Figs 51–52</figureCitation>
). Gonopods subsymmetrical; left gonopod with apex slightly thinner than right one (
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505C5B5C6C24F3133F" captionStart="Figs 44–54" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1975,1994]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[136,1452,172,1982]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 44–54. Chalarus delicatus Rafael, 1990 (LEUA–00000049809). Male. 44 – habitus, left lateral view; 45 – habitus, dorsal view; 46 – antenna; 47 – thorax, dorsal view; 48 – wing; 49 – abdomen, dorsal view; 50 – terminalia, dorsal view; 51 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 52 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 53a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus, left lateral view, 53b – phallus dorsal view; 54 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621450/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Figs 51–52</figureCitation>
). Tip of distiphallus short with tip acute (
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505C185C0C22E1133F" box="[1326,1425,1118,1141]" captionStart="Figs 44–54" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1975,1994]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[136,1452,172,1982]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 44–54. Chalarus delicatus Rafael, 1990 (LEUA–00000049809). Male. 44 – habitus, left lateral view; 45 – habitus, dorsal view; 46 – antenna; 47 – thorax, dorsal view; 48 – wing; 49 – abdomen, dorsal view; 50 – terminalia, dorsal view; 51 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 52 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 53a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus, left lateral view, 53b – phallus dorsal view; 54 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621450/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Fig. 53A</figureCitation>
). Ejaculatory apodeme pin-shaped (
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505D9F5C2C238913DF" box="[1193,1273,1150,1173]" captionStart="Figs 44–54" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1975,1994]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[136,1452,172,1982]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 44–54. Chalarus delicatus Rafael, 1990 (LEUA–00000049809). Male. 44 – habitus, left lateral view; 45 – habitus, dorsal view; 46 – antenna; 47 – thorax, dorsal view; 48 – wing; 49 – abdomen, dorsal view; 50 – terminalia, dorsal view; 51 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 52 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 53a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus, left lateral view, 53b – phallus dorsal view; 54 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621450/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
). Phallus trifid, one ejaculatory duct apically, the other two medially and forward-directed in ventral view, not visible in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505A755C8C24BB13BF" box="[835,971,1246,1269]" captionStart="Figs 44–54" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1975,1994]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,191,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[136,1452,172,1982]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 44–54. Chalarus delicatus Rafael, 1990 (LEUA–00000049809). Male. 44 – habitus, left lateral view; 45 – habitus, dorsal view; 46 – antenna; 47 – thorax, dorsal view; 48 – wing; 49 – abdomen, dorsal view; 50 – terminalia, dorsal view; 51 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 52 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 53a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus, left lateral view, 53b – phallus dorsal view; 54 – ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621450/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Figs 53A–B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="481D3697CC07F1505A0A5CAC23D4121F" blockId="6.[828,1437,190,1461]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F1505A0A5CAC24EB125F" bold="true" box="[828,923,1278,1301]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Habitat.</emphasis>
The specimen was collected in the canopy in preserved areas of tropical rainforest in the Colombian Amazon, Department of
<collectingRegion id="8A66F875CC07F1505D735D6C23D0121F" box="[1093,1184,1342,1365]" country="Colombia" name="Caqueta" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Caquetá</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="481D3697CC07F1505A0A5D0C248412FF" blockId="6.[828,1437,190,1461]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">
<emphasis id="7AD6EA85CC07F1505A0A5D0C231F123F" bold="true" box="[828,1135,1374,1397]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="30B57607CC07F1505D4E5D0C23C9123F" box="[1144,1209,1374,1397]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="8A66F875CC07F1505DFA5D0C224F123F" box="[1228,1343,1374,1397]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="8A66F875CC07F1505C7B5D0C22E9123F" box="[1357,1433,1374,1397]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Paraná</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="8A66F875CC07F1505A0A5D2C24A812DF" box="[828,984,1406,1429]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="2C334B66CC07F1505ADA5D2C230A12DF" author="RAFAEL J. A." box="[1004,1146,1406,1429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="389" pagination="45 - 53" refId="ref9661" refString="RAFAEL J. A. 1990: Revisao das especies Neotropicais do genero Chalarus Walker, 1834 (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Iheringa, Serie Zoologia 70: 45 - 53." type="journal article" year="1990">RAFAEL 1990</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="30B57607CC07F1505DBD5D2C238412DF" box="[1163,1268,1406,1429]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="8A66F875CC07F1505C365D2C222B12DF" box="[1280,1371,1406,1429]" country="Colombia" name="Caqueta" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Caquetá</collectingRegion>
) (new record) (
<figureCitation id="D0992A12CC07F1505AA15DCC249712FF" box="[919,999,1438,1461]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,182,1792,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,754,1762]" captionTargetId="figure-164@10.[151,1436,754,1762]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 55. Geographical records of Chalarus species in Colombia. Chalarus absonus Rafael, 1990, C. boyacensis sp. nov., C. chairensis sp. nov., C. connexus Rafael, 1988, and C. delicatus Rafael, 1990." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621452/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="389">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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