482 lines
55 KiB
XML
482 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="1240CED8C6FA50877A39560A93A89A94" ID-DOI="10.2478/iF-2018-0021" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4773521" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1621433078702" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Uhl, Dieter, Krüger, Pia S. & Wuttke, Michael" docDate="2018" docId="6934365DFFFCFFCD4BFCF85CFBCB0E93" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilImprint.74.3-4.334-340.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint (Poland) 74 (3 - 4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/if-2018-0021" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.4:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Glyptostrobus europaeus UNGER" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="338" masterDocId="950D4E25FFFEFFC94874FFF5FF840D48" masterDocTitle="Epidermal Anatomy of Glyptostrobus Europaeus (Brongn.) Unger from The Late Oligocene of The Westerwald (Rhinelandpalatinate, W-Germany)" masterLastPageNumber="340" masterPageNumber="334" pageNumber="336" updateTime="1698922067377" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title id="1444B6F5FF4426D7BD9CEA41384D99C8">Epidermal Anatomy of Glyptostrobus Europaeus (Brongn.) Unger from The Late Oligocene of The Westerwald (Rhinelandpalatinate, W-Germany)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2E0E38541B5A3C68CCF3E3C7682491ED">Uhl, Dieter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1DC8B3EA0AFBA867EF48CEF2AE3EDDAB">Krüger, Pia S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1F23AA1ABFD497F73A6B08E6C558FCFD">Wuttke, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E43E2E7CB8461EB4355389684AFA3C6B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B692072130AC9BF3704870966AEF4A74">Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CBE2AF835093E3650EA4F8E9AA601362">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="D097F19F12C2703D88CA5B681439A5A1">Poland</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="A4133D3FA1C23662BA49EF900A4DD485">3 - 4</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="A987D4C0FFFCFFCB4BFCF85CFB3E0AAA" pageId="2" pageNumber="336" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E122874BFFFCFFCB4BFCF85CFADB0A88" blockId="2.[904,1375,1961,1985]" box="[904,1375,1961,1985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="336">
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<heading id="BA6A3027FFFCFFCB4BFCF85CFADB0A88" box="[904,1375,1961,1985]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="336" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="269DFCC8FFFCFFCB4BFCF85CFADB0A88" authority="(BRONGN.) UNGER" authorityName="UNGER" baseAuthorityName="BRONGN." box="[904,1375,1961,1985]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Glyptostrobus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="europaeus">
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<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFCFFCB4BFCF85CFADB0A88" bold="true" box="[904,1375,1961,1985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="336">
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<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFCFFCB4BFCF85CFB1D0A89" bold="true" box="[904,1177,1961,1985]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="336">Glyptostrobus europaeus</emphasis>
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(BRONGN.)
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<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFCFFCB4D62F85FFADB0A88" bold="true" box="[1302,1375,1962,1985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="336">UNGER</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E122874BFFFCFFCB4C59F83EFB3E0AAA" blockId="2.[1069,1210,1995,2018]" box="[1069,1210,1995,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="336">
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<figureCitation id="79A69BCEFFFCFFCB4C59F83EFB3E0AAA" box="[1069,1210,1995,2018]" captionStart-0="Text-fig" captionStart-1="Text-fig" captionStartId-0="2.[126,205,1481,1503]" captionStartId-1="3.[147,228,1047,1069]" captionTargetBox-0="[126,1440,151,1462]" captionTargetBox-1="[147,1462,151,1027]" captionTargetId-0="figure-194@2.[125,1440,151,1462]" captionTargetId-1="figure-615@3.[147,1462,151,1027]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="Text-fig. 2. Glyptostrobus europaeus from Norken. a) Overview of slab with twigs and two cones attached to twigs (MMM-2012-059). b) Cone exhibiting flabellate seed-scales (MMM-2012-022). c) SEM-image of the cuticle near the base of a needle (MMM-2012-059). d) Detail of c) showing stomata and fragmented cuticle. e) Detail of d) showing the cuticle around a single stomatal apparatus." captionText-1="Text-fig. 3. SEM-images of Glyptostrobus europaeus from Norken. a) Detail of a split short shoot (MMM-2012-059). b) Detail of a), showing the apical part of a needle with stomatal-free zone and only a few stomata towards the base of the needle." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773525" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773529" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4773525/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4773529/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="336">Text-figs 2–3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A987D4C0FFFCFFCD4B2EF80EFBCB0E93" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="338" pageId="2" pageNumber="336" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E122874BFFFCFFCA4B2EF80EFF6B09A1" blockId="2.[820,1459,2043,2099]" lastBlockId="3.[129,767,1170,1257]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="337" pageId="2" pageNumber="336">
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S e l e c t e d s y n o n y m y. Only references which are important for nomenclature and refer to occurrences in the Westerwald or its direct vicinity; for more comprehensive lists of synonymies see
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<bibRefCitation id="850CFABAFFFDFFCA49F6FB47FDA50981" author="LePage, B. A." box="[386,545,1202,1225]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337" pagination="359 - 426" refId="ref3928" refString="LePage, B. A. (2007): The Taxonomy and Biogeographic History of Glyptostrobus Endlicher (Cupressaceae). - Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 48: 359 - 426. https: // doi. org / 10.3374 / 0079 - 032 X (2007) 48 [359:" type="journal article" year="2007">LePage (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="850CFABAFFFDFFCA4A23FB47FF6809A1" author="Winterscheid, H. & Kvacek, Z. & Vana, J. & Ignatov, M. S." pageId="3" pageNumber="337" pagination="103 - 141" refId="ref5359" refString="Winterscheid, H., Kvacek, Z., † Vana, J., Ignatov, M. S. (2018): Systematic-taxonomic revision of the flora from the late Oligocene Fossillagerstatte Rott near Bonn (Germany). Part 1: Introduction; Bryidae, Polypodiidae, and Pinidae. - Palaeontographica, Abt. B, 297: 103 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / palb / 2018 / 0058" type="journal article" year="2018">Winterscheid et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="B5E2D7C3FFFDFFCA48E7FBE2FA980902" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773529" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4773529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4773529/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="337" startId="3.[147,228,1047,1069]" targetBox="[147,1462,151,1027]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="E122874BFFFDFFCA48E7FBE2FA980902" blockId="3.[147,1462,1047,1098]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">
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Text-fig. 3. SEM-images of
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<taxonomicName id="269DFCC8FFFDFFCA49D3FBEDFD190965" box="[423,669,1048,1069]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Glyptostrobus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="europaeus">
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<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA49D3FBEDFD190965" bold="true" box="[423,669,1048,1069]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">Glyptostrobus europaeus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Norken. a) Detail of a split short shoot (MMM-2012-059). b) Detail of a), showing the apical part of a needle with stomatal-free zone and only a few stomata towards the base of the needle.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="E122874BFFFDFFCA48F5FAF4FDFA085E" blockId="3.[129,768,1281,1777]" box="[129,638,1281,1302]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">
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1833
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<taxonomicName id="269DFCC8FFFDFFCA48B8FAF4FE76085E" authority="BRONGN." authorityName="BRONGN." box="[204,498,1281,1302]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Taxodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="europaeum">
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<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA48B8FAF4FE1F085E" box="[204,411,1281,1302]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">Taxodium europaeum</emphasis>
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BRONGN.
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</taxonomicName>
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, pp. 168–176.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E122874BFFFDFFCA48F5FAEAFD70087C" blockId="3.[129,768,1281,1777]" box="[129,756,1311,1332]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">
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1850
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<taxonomicName id="269DFCC8FFFDFFCA48B8FAEAFDED087A" authority="(BRONGN.) UNGER" authorityName="UNGER" baseAuthorityName="BRONGN." box="[204,617,1311,1332]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Glyptostrobus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="europaeus">
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<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA48B8FAEAFE38087C" box="[204,444,1311,1332]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">Glyptostrobus europaeus</emphasis>
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(BRONGN.) UNGER
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</taxonomicName>
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, pp. 434–435.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E122874BFFFDFFCA48F5FAC9FD0E0819" blockId="3.[129,768,1281,1777]" box="[129,650,1340,1361]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">
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1851
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<taxonomicName id="269DFCC8FFFDFFCA48B8FAC9FE760819" authority="GOPP." authorityName="GOPP." box="[204,498,1340,1361]" class="Pinopsida" family="Ullmanniaceae" genus="Cupressites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Voltziales" pageId="3" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brongniartii">
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<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA48B8FAC9FE310819" box="[204,437,1340,1361]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">Cupressites brongniartii</emphasis>
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GÖPP.
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</taxonomicName>
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; Weber, p. 161.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E122874BFFFDFFCA48F5FAAFFD130827" blockId="3.[129,768,1281,1777]" box="[129,663,1370,1391]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">
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1937
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<taxonomicName id="269DFCC8FFFDFFCA48B8FAAFFE700826" authority="HEER" authorityName="HEER" box="[204,500,1370,1391]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Glyptostrobus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="europaeus">
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<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA48B8FAAFFE380827" box="[204,444,1370,1391]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">Glyptostrobus europaeus</emphasis>
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HEER
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</taxonomicName>
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; Weyland, p. 74.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E122874BFFFDFFCA48F5FA8DFD8008C5" blockId="3.[129,768,1281,1777]" box="[129,516,1400,1421]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">
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1997
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<taxonomicName id="269DFCC8FFFDFFCA48B8FA8DFEF308C5" box="[204,375,1400,1421]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Glyptostrobus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA48B8FA8DFED708C5" box="[204,339,1400,1421]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">Glyptostrobus</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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; Müller, p. 46.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E122874BFFFDFFCA48F5FA60FEC80880" blockId="3.[129,768,1281,1777]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">
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2011
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||
<taxonomicName id="269DFCC8FFFDFFCA48B8FA60FDFB08E1" authority="(BRONGN.) UNGER" authorityName="UNGER" baseAuthorityName="BRONGN." box="[204,639,1429,1450]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Glyptostrobus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="europaeus">
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||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA48B8FA60FE4708E2" box="[204,451,1429,1450]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">Glyptostrobus europaeus</emphasis>
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(BRONGN.) UNGER
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</taxonomicName>
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; Uhl et al., p. 121, fig. 4.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E122874BFFFDFFCA48F5FA24FD790B4C" blockId="3.[129,768,1281,1777]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">
|
||
2006
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||
<taxonomicName id="269DFCC8FFFDFFCA48B8FA24FDD908AD" authority="(BRONGN.) UNGER" authorityName="UNGER" baseAuthorityName="BRONGN." box="[204,605,1489,1510]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Glyptostrobus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="europaeus">
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||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA48B8FA24FE3208AE" box="[204,438,1489,1510]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">Glyptostrobus europaeus</emphasis>
|
||
(BRONGN.) UNGER
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</taxonomicName>
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||
; Winterscheid, p. 74; pl. 18, fig. 1, pl. 22, fig. 8, pl. 23, fig. 9, pl. 24, figs 1– 2.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E122874BFFFDFFCA48F5F9F9FC840B77" blockId="3.[129,768,1281,1777]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">
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||
2014
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||
<taxonomicName id="269DFCC8FFFDFFCA48B8F9F9FDF60B68" authority="(BRONGN.) UNGER" authorityName="UNGER" baseAuthorityName="BRONGN." box="[204,626,1548,1569]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Glyptostrobus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="europaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA48B8F9F9FE3B0B69" box="[204,447,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">Glyptostrobus europaeus</emphasis>
|
||
(BRONGN.) UNGER
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
; Winterscheid and Kvaček, pp. 7– 8, pl. 1, figs 3–5, pl. 8, fig. 26, pl. 9, fig. 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFDFFCA48F5F9BDFD2B0B32" blockId="3.[129,768,1281,1777]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">
|
||
2016b
|
||
<taxonomicName id="269DFCC8FFFDFFCA48B8F9BDFDF60B14" authority="(BRONGN.) UNGER" authorityName="UNGER" baseAuthorityName="BRONGN." box="[204,626,1608,1629]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Glyptostrobus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="europaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA48B8F9BDFE3B0B15" box="[204,447,1608,1629]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">Glyptostrobus europaeus</emphasis>
|
||
(BRONGN.) UNGER
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</taxonomicName>
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||
; Winterscheid and Kvaček, pp. 117–118, pl. 1, fig. 7, pl. 4, fig. 2.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFDFFCA48F5F976FEE30BFE" blockId="3.[129,768,1281,1777]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">
|
||
2017
|
||
<taxonomicName id="269DFCC8FFFDFFCA48B8F976FDEB0BDF" authority="(BRONGN.) UNGER" authorityName="UNGER" baseAuthorityName="BRONGN." box="[204,623,1667,1688]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Glyptostrobus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="europaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA48B8F976FE3A0BD0" box="[204,446,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">Glyptostrobus europaeus</emphasis>
|
||
(BRONGN.) UNGER
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Krüger et al., p. 68, pl. 1A–B.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFDFFCA48F5F94AFDA40BB9" blockId="3.[129,768,1281,1777]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">
|
||
2018
|
||
<taxonomicName id="269DFCC8FFFDFFCA48B8F94AFDF60B9A" authority="(BRONGN.) UNGER" authorityName="UNGER" baseAuthorityName="BRONGN." box="[204,626,1727,1748]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Glyptostrobus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="europaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA48B8F94AFE3B0B9C" box="[204,447,1727,1748]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">Glyptostrobus europaeus</emphasis>
|
||
(BRONGN.) UNGER
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Winterscheid et al., pp. 124–125, pl. 4, figs 9–11.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFDFFCA48D2F8FFFDA90AAB" blockId="3.[129,768,1802,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">
|
||
M a t e r i a l. 38 twig remains of which 15 bear one or more cones at the end of the twigs (marked in
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA4A13F8DFFD1D0A09" bold="true" box="[615,665,1834,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">bold</emphasis>
|
||
): MMM- 2012-009,
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA488CF8BEFEAD0A2A" bold="true" box="[248,297,1867,1890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">-018</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA494EF8BEFEEF0A2A" bold="true" box="[314,363,1867,1890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">-021</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA4909F8BEFE2A0A2A" bold="true" box="[381,430,1867,1890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">-022</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA49CBF8BEFE740A2A" bold="true" box="[447,496,1867,1890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">-046</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA4A75F8BEFDB60A2A" bold="true" box="[513,562,1867,1890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">-049</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA4A37F8BEFDF00A2A" bold="true" box="[579,628,1867,1890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">-050</emphasis>
|
||
, -053, -054, -057,
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA48C9F89EFD7C0ACA" bold="true" box="[189,760,1899,1922]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">-059 (SEM samples were taken from this specimen)</emphasis>
|
||
, -062,
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA48B5F879FF760AEB" bold="true" box="[193,242,1932,1955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">-063</emphasis>
|
||
, -064,
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA4937F879FEF00AEB" bold="true" box="[323,372,1932,1955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">-065</emphasis>
|
||
, -067,
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA49B1F879FE720AEB" bold="true" box="[453,502,1932,1955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">-076</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA4A71F879FDB20AEB" bold="true" box="[517,566,1932,1955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">-077</emphasis>
|
||
, -080, -081, -082,
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA48F5F859FF360A8B" bold="true" box="[129,178,1964,1987]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">-084</emphasis>
|
||
, -085, -086, -088,
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA49F1F859FE320A8B" bold="true" box="[389,438,1964,1987]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">-090</emphasis>
|
||
, -093, -105, -107, -110, -113, -116, -121,
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA4888F839FEA90AAB" bold="true" box="[252,301,1996,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">-150</emphasis>
|
||
, -156,
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA490CF839FE2E0AAB" bold="true" box="[376,426,1996,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">-189</emphasis>
|
||
, -196, -197.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFDFFCA48D2F809FB6D0844" blockId="3.[129,768,2044,2099]" lastBlockId="3.[843,1482,1170,1622]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">
|
||
D e s c r i p t i o n. Long slender twig fragments, with cupressoid needles, up to
|
||
<quantity id="26652AAEFFFDFFCA49E2F7E9FE50057B" box="[406,468,2076,2099]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="337" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and up to
|
||
<quantity id="26652AAEFFFDFFCA4A0BF7E9FD39057B" box="[639,701,2076,2099]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="337" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide.
|
||
<specimenCount id="F79B4CC2FFFDFFCA4B3FFB67FC5F09E1" box="[843,987,1170,1193]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
bear one or more elliptical to obovate cones at the end of the twigs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="79A69BCEFFFDFFCA4C5FFB46FB420982" box="[1067,1222,1203,1226]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="2.[126,205,1481,1503]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1462]" captionTargetId="figure-194@2.[125,1440,151,1462]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Text-fig. 2. Glyptostrobus europaeus from Norken. a) Overview of slab with twigs and two cones attached to twigs (MMM-2012-059). b) Cone exhibiting flabellate seed-scales (MMM-2012-022). c) SEM-image of the cuticle near the base of a needle (MMM-2012-059). d) Detail of c) showing stomata and fragmented cuticle. e) Detail of d) showing the cuticle around a single stomatal apparatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4773525/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">Text-fig. 2a–b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Seed-scales elongated, flabellate, thinning-out towards the base and with semicircular (abraded?) apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="79A69BCEFFFDFFCA4C28FB00FB590844" box="[1116,1245,1269,1292]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="2.[126,205,1481,1503]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1462]" captionTargetId="figure-194@2.[125,1440,151,1462]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Text-fig. 2. Glyptostrobus europaeus from Norken. a) Overview of slab with twigs and two cones attached to twigs (MMM-2012-059). b) Cone exhibiting flabellate seed-scales (MMM-2012-022). c) SEM-image of the cuticle near the base of a needle (MMM-2012-059). d) Detail of c) showing stomata and fragmented cuticle. e) Detail of d) showing the cuticle around a single stomatal apparatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4773525/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">Text-fig. 2b</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFDFFCA4B05FAE3FADE0B1E" blockId="3.[843,1482,1170,1622]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">
|
||
Only abaxial cuticles could be analysed. Normal epidermal cells in stomata free zones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="79A69BCEFFFDFFCA4CEFFAC2FABC0806" box="[1179,1336,1335,1358]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[147,228,1047,1069]" captionTargetBox="[147,1462,151,1027]" captionTargetId="figure-615@3.[147,1462,151,1027]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Text-fig. 3. SEM-images of Glyptostrobus europaeus from Norken. a) Detail of a split short shoot (MMM-2012-059). b) Detail of a), showing the apical part of a needle with stomatal-free zone and only a few stomata towards the base of the needle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4773529/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">Text-fig. 3a–b</figureCitation>
|
||
) are usually elongated, orientated more or less parallel to the axes of the needles, 22–72 μm (average 39.8 μm) long and 9–24 μm (average 16.0 μm) wide. The length to width ratio of these cells is 1.3–5.2 (average 2.6). Stomatal complexes are elliptical, with (4–)5 subsidiary cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="79A69BCEFFFDFFCA4C05FA29FA8C08BB" box="[1137,1288,1500,1523]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="2.[126,205,1481,1503]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1462]" captionTargetId="figure-194@2.[125,1440,151,1462]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Text-fig. 2. Glyptostrobus europaeus from Norken. a) Overview of slab with twigs and two cones attached to twigs (MMM-2012-059). b) Cone exhibiting flabellate seed-scales (MMM-2012-022). c) SEM-image of the cuticle near the base of a needle (MMM-2012-059). d) Detail of c) showing stomata and fragmented cuticle. e) Detail of d) showing the cuticle around a single stomatal apparatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4773525/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">Text-fig. 2d–e</figureCitation>
|
||
). The long-axis of the stomata are usually orientated oblique or parallel to the long axis of the needles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="79A69BCEFFFDFFCA4C56F9EBFB240B7D" box="[1058,1184,1566,1589]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="2.[126,205,1481,1503]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1462]" captionTargetId="figure-194@2.[125,1440,151,1462]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Text-fig. 2. Glyptostrobus europaeus from Norken. a) Overview of slab with twigs and two cones attached to twigs (MMM-2012-059). b) Cone exhibiting flabellate seed-scales (MMM-2012-022). c) SEM-image of the cuticle near the base of a needle (MMM-2012-059). d) Detail of c) showing stomata and fragmented cuticle. e) Detail of d) showing the cuticle around a single stomatal apparatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4773525/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">Text-fig. 2c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Outer walls of guard cells forming prominent lateral lamellae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="79A69BCEFFFDFFCA4CCEF9CAFACB0B1E" box="[1210,1359,1599,1622]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="2.[126,205,1481,1503]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1462]" captionTargetId="figure-194@2.[125,1440,151,1462]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Text-fig. 2. Glyptostrobus europaeus from Norken. a) Overview of slab with twigs and two cones attached to twigs (MMM-2012-059). b) Cone exhibiting flabellate seed-scales (MMM-2012-022). c) SEM-image of the cuticle near the base of a needle (MMM-2012-059). d) Detail of c) showing stomata and fragmented cuticle. e) Detail of d) showing the cuticle around a single stomatal apparatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4773525/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">Text-fig. 2d–e</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFDFFCA4B05F99AFA4E057B" blockId="3.[843,1482,1647,2099]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">
|
||
R e m a r k s. The taxon can be identified by the characteristic form and arrangement of the needles, together with the occurrence of typical cones attached to twigs (cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="850CFABAFFFDFFCA4B3FF927FC7F0BA1" author="Uhl, D. & Schindler, T. & Wuttke, M." box="[843,1019,1746,1769]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337" pagination="115 - 127" refId="ref4847" refString="Uhl, D., Schindler, T., Wuttke, M. (2011): Palaookologische Untersuchungen im Oberoligozan von Norken (Westerwald, Rheinland-Pfalz, W-Deutschland) - Erste Ergebnisse. - Mainzer naturwissenschaftliches Archiv, 48: 115 - 127." type="journal article" year="2011">Uhl et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="850CFABAFFFDFFCA4C7FF927FB650BA1" author="Kruger, P. & Paudayal, K. & Wuttke, M. & Uhl, D." box="[1035,1249,1746,1769]" pageId="3" pageNumber="337" pagination="65 - 81" refId="ref3784" refString="Kruger, P., Paudayal, K., Wuttke, M., Uhl, D. (2017): Ein Beitrag zur oberoligozanen Makroflora von Norken (Westerwald, Rheinland-Pfalz, W-Deutschland). - Mainzer naturwissenschaftliches Archiv, 54: 65 - 81." type="journal article" year="2017">Krüger et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), however the finer details of the seed-scales could not be observed in this material (cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="79A69BCEFFFDFFCA4BAAF8E1FBE60A63" box="[990,1122,1812,1835]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="2.[126,205,1481,1503]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1462]" captionTargetId="figure-194@2.[125,1440,151,1462]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Text-fig. 2. Glyptostrobus europaeus from Norken. a) Overview of slab with twigs and two cones attached to twigs (MMM-2012-059). b) Cone exhibiting flabellate seed-scales (MMM-2012-022). c) SEM-image of the cuticle near the base of a needle (MMM-2012-059). d) Detail of c) showing stomata and fragmented cuticle. e) Detail of d) showing the cuticle around a single stomatal apparatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4773525/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">Text-fig. 2b</figureCitation>
|
||
). The form and arrangement of epidermal cells, as well as the stomatal complexes, clearly correspond to the published data for this taxon from other sites, as well as the only modern species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="269DFCC8FFFDFFCA4D60F882FA0D0AC6" box="[1300,1417,1911,1934]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Glyptostrobus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pensilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFDFFCA4D60F882FA0D0AC6" box="[1300,1417,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="337">G. pensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Tab. 1). Only small areas of the needle surfaces however could be analysed by means of SEM, due to incomplete splitting of the needles. Over all there is considerable variability in certain morphological features (e.g. size of epidermal cells), between cuticles from different fossil localities,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481EFF62FF040D81" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[106,128,151,201]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481EFF62FF040D81" bold="true" box="[106,128,151,201]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">from</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD4967FF6AFD460AEE" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<table id="939D75EBFFFA003648B9FF6AFD46056D" box="[205,706,159,2085]" gridcols="5" gridrows="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<tr id="5FAD8509FFFA003648B9FF6AFD460C03" box="[205,706,159,331]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<th id="1C7CEC75FFFA003648B9FF6AFEBA0C03" box="[205,318,159,331]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
2004
|
||
<taxonomicName id="269DFCC8FFFAFFCD4897FF26FEA00DAE" box="[227,292,211,230]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Glyptostrobus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="338" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pensilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD4897FF26FEA00DAE" box="[227,292,211,230]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">pensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
et Ma, Modern 2011
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="1C7CEC75FFFA0036493AFF6AFE400C03" box="[334,452,159,331]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">quadrangular to elongated 131.6 ± 31.1 μm ** 31.6 ± 5.4 μm **</th>
|
||
<th id="1C7CEC75FFFA003649A2FF6AFE6F0C03" box="[470,491,159,331]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">1.7 – 13.5 **</th>
|
||
<th id="1C7CEC75FFFA0036498AFF6AFD460C03" box="[510,706,159,331]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">± parallel to needle axes elliptical (4 –) 5 – 6 (– 7) oblique or perpendicular present</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5FAD8509FFFA003648B9FEA4FD460CA8" box="[205,706,337,480]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<th id="1C7CEC75FFFA003648B9FEA4FEBA0CA8" box="[205,318,337,480]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">Magyari and Erdei</th>
|
||
<td id="1C7CEC75FFFA0036493AFEA4FE400CA8" box="[334,452,337,480]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">elongated 25 –100 μm 20 – 40 μm</td>
|
||
<td id="1C7CEC75FFFA003649A2FEA4FE6F0CA8" box="[470,491,337,480]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">?</td>
|
||
<td id="1C7CEC75FFFA0036498AFEA4FD460CA8" box="[510,706,337,480]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">± parallel to needle axes elliptical? mostly oblique?</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5FAD8509FFFA003648B9FE1CFD460CB4" box="[205,706,489,508]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<th id="1C7CEC75FFFA003648B9FE1CFD460CB4" box="[205,706,489,508]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">2000 Sakala</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5FAD8509FFFA003648B9FDF7FD460FD5" box="[205,706,514,669]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<th id="1C7CEC75FFFA003648B9FDF7FEBA0FD5" box="[205,318,514,669]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">Eder Early</th>
|
||
<td id="1C7CEC75FFFA0036493AFDF7FE400FD5" box="[334,452,514,669]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">elongated, quadrangular to polygonal 25 –55 μm 11 – 20 μm</td>
|
||
<td id="1C7CEC75FFFA003649A2FDF7FE6F0FD5" box="[470,491,514,669]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">1.4 – 4.1</td>
|
||
<td id="1C7CEC75FFFA0036498AFDF7FD460FD5" box="[510,706,514,669]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">± parallel to needle axes (broad) elliptical 6 mostly oblique or parallel?</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5FAD8509FFFA003648B9FD52FD460FF2" box="[205,706,679,698]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="338" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="1C7CEC75FFFA003648B9FD52FEBA0FF2" box="[205,318,679,698]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">1996</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5FAD8509FFFA003648B9FD34FD460E76" box="[205,706,705,830]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<th id="1C7CEC75FFFA003648B9FD34FEBA0E76" box="[205,318,705,830]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">Kovar-Eder Early</th>
|
||
<td id="1C7CEC75FFFA0036493AFD34FE400E76" box="[334,452,705,830]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">elongated 44 – 144 μm 11 – 20 μm</td>
|
||
<td id="1C7CEC75FFFA003649A2FD34FE6F0E76" box="[470,491,705,830]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">2.5 – 11.1</td>
|
||
<td id="1C7CEC75FFFA0036498AFD34FD460E76" box="[510,706,705,830]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">± parallel to needle axes elliptical? parallel or perpendicular?</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5FAD8509FFFA003648B9FCACFD460E24" box="[205,706,857,876]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="338" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="1C7CEC75FFFA003648B9FCACFEBA0E24" box="[205,318,857,876]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">2003</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5FAD8509FFFA003648B9FC87FD460EB0" box="[205,706,882,1016]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<th id="1C7CEC75FFFA003648B9FC87FEBA0EB0" box="[205,318,882,1016]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">Vickulin et Early</th>
|
||
<td id="1C7CEC75FFFA0036493AFC87FE400EB0" box="[334,452,882,1016]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">quadrangular to elongated??</td>
|
||
<td id="1C7CEC75FFFA003649A2FC87FE6F0EB0" box="[470,491,882,1016]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">2 – 3</td>
|
||
<td id="1C7CEC75FFFA0036498AFC87FD460EB0" box="[510,706,882,1016]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">± parallel to needle axes broad elliptical (4 –) 5 (–6) ± parallel or oblique present</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5FAD8509FFFA003648B9FBEDFD4609FE" box="[205,706,1048,1206]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<th id="1C7CEC75FFFA003648B9FBEDFEBA09FE" box="[205,318,1048,1206]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD48AAFBC1FEB90933" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">study This Late</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="1C7CEC75FFFA0036493AFBEDFE4009FE" box="[334,452,1048,1206]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD4916FB80FE47091A" bold="true" box="[354,451,1048,1206]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">usually elongated 22 – 72 μ m 9 – 24 μ m</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="1C7CEC75FFFA003649A2FBEDFE6F09FE" box="[470,491,1048,1206]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD49A3FB98FE6E092A" bold="true" box="[471,490,1095,1159]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">1.3 – 5.2</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="1C7CEC75FFFA0036498AFBEDFD4609FE" box="[510,706,1048,1206]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD498AFB67FD3C09C0" bold="true" box="[510,696,1048,1206]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">± parallel to needle axes elliptical (4 –) 5 mostly oblique or parallel present</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5FAD8509FFFA003648B9FB32FD460814" box="[205,706,1223,1372]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<th id="1C7CEC75FFFA003648B9FB32FEBA0814" box="[205,318,1223,1372]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
ek čand Winterscheid
|
||
<td id="1C7CEC75FFFA0036493AFB32FE400814" box="[334,452,1223,1372]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">Kvaquadrangular to elongated * 20 – 50 μm * 7 –20 μm *</td>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="1C7CEC75FFFA003649A2FB32FE6F0814" box="[470,491,1223,1372]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">?</td>
|
||
<td id="1C7CEC75FFFA0036498AFB32FD460814" box="[510,706,1223,1372]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">± parallel to needle axes broad elliptical * 5 – 6 *? guard cells not preserved *</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5FAD8509FFFA003648B9FA94FD46083C" box="[205,706,1377,1396]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="338" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="1C7CEC75FFFA003648B9FA94FEBA083C" box="[205,318,1377,1396]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">2014</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5FAD8509FFFA003648B9FA8DFD460B50" box="[205,706,1400,1560]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<th id="1C7CEC75FFFA003648B9FA8DFEBA0B50" box="[205,318,1400,1560]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
ek čand Winterscheid
|
||
<td id="1C7CEC75FFFA0036493AFA8DFE400B50" box="[334,452,1400,1560]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">Kvaquadrangular to elongated 20 – 50 μm 7 – 20 μm</td>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="1C7CEC75FFFA003649A2FA8DFE6F0B50" box="[470,491,1400,1560]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">?</td>
|
||
<td id="1C7CEC75FFFA0036498AFA8DFD460B50" box="[510,706,1400,1560]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">± parallel to needle axes broad elliptical 5– 6 oblique or parallel guard cells not preserved</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5FAD8509FFFA003648B9F9D8FD460B8F" box="[205,706,1581,1735]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<th id="1C7CEC75FFFA003648B9F9D8FEBA0B8F" box="[205,318,1581,1735]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">2013 et Ma</th>
|
||
<td id="1C7CEC75FFFA0036493AF9D8FE400B8F" box="[334,452,1581,1735]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">elongated 91.9 ± 25.5 μ m ** 18.6 ± 2.4 μm **</td>
|
||
<td id="1C7CEC75FFFA003649A2F9D8FE6F0B8F" box="[470,491,1581,1735]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">4.9 ± 1.1 **</td>
|
||
<td id="1C7CEC75FFFA0036498AF9D8FD460B8F" box="[510,706,1581,1735]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">± parallel to needle axes elliptical 5 – 6 mostly parallel or oblique?</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5FAD8509FFFA003648B9F906FD46056D" box="[205,706,1779,2085]" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="338" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="1C7CEC75FFFA0036493AF906FD46056D" box="[334,706,1779,2085]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">Form of normal epidermal cells Length of normal epidermal cells Width of normal epidermal cells Length to width ratio of normal epidermal cells Orientation of elongated epidermal cells in stomatal free areas Form of stomatal complexes Number of subsidiary cells Orientation of stomata in relation to needle axis Prominent lateral lamellae on outer walls of guard cells</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481EFF25FF040C55" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[106,128,208,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481EFF25FF040C55" bold="true" box="[106,128,208,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">derived</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481EFED1FF040C1D" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[106,128,292,341]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481EFED1FF040C1D" bold="true" box="[106,128,292,341]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">Data</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481EFEA8FF040C2B" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[106,128,349,355]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481EFEA8FF040C2B" bold="true" box="[106,128,349,355]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481FFE96FF040CE6" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[107,128,355,430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="269DFCC8FFFAFFCD481FFE96FF040CE6" box="[107,128,355,430]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Glyptostrobus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="338" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pensilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481FFE96FF040CE6" bold="true" box="[107,128,355,430]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">pensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481FFE41FF040CF0" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[107,128,436,440]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481FFE41FF040CF0" bold="true" box="[107,128,436,440]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481FFE4DFF040C83" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[107,128,440,459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481FFE4DFF040C83" bold="true" box="[107,128,440,459]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">G</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481EFE27FF040F6A" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[106,128,466,546]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481EFE27FF040F6A" bold="true" box="[106,128,466,546]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">modern</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481EFDDCFF040F75" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[106,128,553,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481EFDDCFF040F75" bold="true" box="[106,128,553,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">to</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481EFDB1FF040FF4" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[106,128,580,700]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481EFDB1FF040FF4" bold="true" box="[106,128,580,700]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">comparison</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481EFD36FF040F9F" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[106,128,707,727]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481EFD36FF040F9F" bold="true" box="[106,128,707,727]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">in</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481EFD2BFF040E7F" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[106,128,734,823]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481EFD2BFF040E7F" bold="true" box="[106,128,734,823]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">localities</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481EFCCBFF040E3A" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[106,128,830,882]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481EFCCBFF040E3A" bold="true" box="[106,128,830,882]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">fossil</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481EFC8CFF040E9A" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[106,128,889,978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481EFC8CFF040E9A" bold="true" box="[106,128,889,978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">different</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481EFC2DFF040942" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[106,128,984,1034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481EFC2DFF040942" bold="true" box="[106,128,984,1034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">from</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481EFBE4FF040914" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[106,128,1041,1116]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481EFBE4FF040914" bold="true" box="[106,128,1041,1116]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">needles</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481FFB96FF040982" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[107,128,1123,1226]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="269DFCC8FFFAFFCD481FFB96FF040982" box="[107,128,1123,1226]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Glyptostrobus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="338" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="europaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481FFB96FF040982" bold="true" box="[107,128,1123,1226]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">europaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481FFB24FF040812" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[107,128,1233,1370]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="269DFCC8FFFAFFCD481FFB24FF040812" box="[107,128,1233,1370]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Glyptostrobus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="338" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481FFB24FF040812" bold="true" box="[107,128,1233,1370]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">Glyptostrobus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481EFA94FF04082F" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[106,128,1377,1383]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481EFA94FF04082F" bold="true" box="[106,128,1377,1383]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">)</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481EFA92FF04089F" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[106,128,1383,1495]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481EFA92FF04089F" bold="true" box="[106,128,1383,1495]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">cupressoid</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481EFA22FF040895" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[106,128,1495,1501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481EFA22FF040895" bold="true" box="[106,128,1495,1501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">(</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481EFA10FF0408B1" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[106,128,1509,1529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481EFA10FF0408B1" bold="true" box="[106,128,1509,1529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">of</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481EFA0AFF040B03" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[106,128,1535,1611]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481EFA0AFF040B03" bold="true" box="[106,128,1535,1611]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">cuticles</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481EF9A7FF040B2E" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[106,128,1618,1638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481EF9A7FF040B2E" bold="true" box="[106,128,1618,1638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">of</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481EF998FF190B3D" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[106,157,1645,1690]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481EF998FF190B3D" bold="true" box="[106,157,1645,1690]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">data.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD48F3F980FF190B8B" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[135,157,1653,1731]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD48F3F980FF190B8B" bold="true" box="[135,157,1653,1731]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">cuticles</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481EF954FF190A08" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[106,157,1697,1856]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481EF954FF190A08" bold="true" box="[106,157,1697,1856]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">morphological figured and</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481EF8C9FF040A18" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[106,128,1852,1872]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481EF8C9FF040A18" bold="true" box="[106,128,1852,1872]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">of</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD48F3F8B0FF040A9E" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD48F3F8B0FF040A9E" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">text Comparison</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD48F3F887FF190AE4" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[135,157,1906,1964]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD48F3F887FF190AE4" bold="true" box="[135,157,1906,1964]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">the in</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481EF829FF040AAA" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[106,128,2012,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481EF829FF040AAA" bold="true" box="[106,128,2012,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481EF817FF190566" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" box="[106,157,1970,2094]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481EF817FF190566" bold="true" box="[106,157,1970,2094]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">1 descriptions</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD481EF800FD630AF4" blockId="4.[106,157,151,2094]" lastBlockId="4.[724,769,1802,2094]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD481EF800FF040565" bold="true" box="[106,128,2037,2093]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">Table</emphasis>
|
||
cuticles adaxial needles from
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD4A9AF87CFD630AA0" blockId="4.[724,769,1802,2094]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">linear only</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD4A9AF84BFC850566" blockId="4.[724,769,1802,2094]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">from data data * **</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD4B40FF6DFAAF0F5C" blockId="4.[820,1460,152,987]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
|
||
ranging from Eocene up to Late Miocene, as well as in any comparison with modern
|
||
<taxonomicName id="269DFCC8FFFAFFCD4C3CFF4CFB3D0D98" box="[1096,1209,185,208]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Glyptostrobus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="338" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pensilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD4C3CFF4CFB3D0D98" box="[1096,1209,185,208]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">G. pensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Tab. 1). However, as a number of cuticular features (such as cell size and orientation of stomatal complexes) varies considerably in modern
|
||
<taxonomicName id="269DFCC8FFFAFFCD4DEDFF0CFC010C79" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Glyptostrobus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="338" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pensilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD4DEDFF0CFC010C79" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">G. pensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, depending on needle
|
||
<typeStatus id="3E2639E9FFFAFFCD4CF2FEEFFB300C79" box="[1158,1204,282,305]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(linear, linear-subulate and scale-line [cuppressoid]), and even position within a needle (adaxial vs. abaxial) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="850CFABAFFFAFFCD4C07FEAEFA9D0C3A" author="Ma, Q. - W. & Li, C. - S. & Li, F. - L. & Vickulin, S. V." box="[1139,1305,347,370]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338" pagination="153 - 162" refId="ref4027" refString="Ma, Q. - W., Li, C. - S., Li, F. - L., Vickulin, S. V. (2004): Epidermal structures and stomatal parameters of Chinese endemic Glyptostrobus pensilis (Taxodiaceae). - Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 146: 153 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.2004.00326. x" type="journal article" year="2004">Ma et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
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) it is difficult to interpret the variability of fossil cuticles as most come from only a few (or even single) needles. Thus it is not clear whether the observed variability in the fossil taxon may reflect ecological, climatic or even evolutionary differences between different populations of
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||
<taxonomicName id="269DFCC8FFFAFFCD4CE2FE08FAA00F5C" box="[1174,1316,509,532]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Glyptostrobus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="338" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="europaeus">
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<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD4CE2FE08FAA00F5C" box="[1174,1316,509,532]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">G. europaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="E122874BFFFAFFCD4B2EFDEBFBCB0E93" blockId="4.[820,1460,152,987]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">
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||
Attempts to isolate cuticles of a number of plants species from the fossiliferous sediments of Norken using standard preparation techniques have so far been unsuccessful as the cuticles fragmented into rather small and taxonomically meaningless pieces during preparation (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="850CFABAFFFAFFCD4CAAFD55FA2C0FFF" author="Kruger, P. & Paudayal, K. & Wuttke, M. & Uhl, D." box="[1246,1448,672,695]" pageId="4" pageNumber="338" pagination="65 - 81" refId="ref3784" refString="Kruger, P., Paudayal, K., Wuttke, M., Uhl, D. (2017): Ein Beitrag zur oberoligozanen Makroflora von Norken (Westerwald, Rheinland-Pfalz, W-Deutschland). - Mainzer naturwissenschaftliches Archiv, 54: 65 - 81." type="journal article" year="2017">Krüger et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
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||
). When looking at the in situ cuticles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="269DFCC8FFFAFFCD4C94FD35FAF20F9F" box="[1248,1398,704,727]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Glyptostrobus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="338" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E95B59FFFAFFCD4C94FD35FAF20F9F" box="[1248,1398,704,727]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">Glyptostrobus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Norken it becomes obvious that this is due to the fact that the cuticles had already fragmented within the sediment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="79A69BCEFFFAFFCD4B4FFCD7FC5D0E71" box="[827,985,802,825]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="2.[126,205,1481,1503]" captionTargetBox="[126,1440,151,1462]" captionTargetId="figure-194@2.[125,1440,151,1462]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Text-fig. 2. Glyptostrobus europaeus from Norken. a) Overview of slab with twigs and two cones attached to twigs (MMM-2012-059). b) Cone exhibiting flabellate seed-scales (MMM-2012-022). c) SEM-image of the cuticle near the base of a needle (MMM-2012-059). d) Detail of c) showing stomata and fragmented cuticle. e) Detail of d) showing the cuticle around a single stomatal apparatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4773525/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="338">Text-fig. 2c–d</figureCitation>
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). It is not clear whether this is due to long term diagenetic processes which affected the cuticles after deposition and before the material was mined or whether this is simply an effect of drying out and maybe oxidation after the material had been dumped on the spoil tips or even after it had been collected.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |