250 lines
19 KiB
XML
250 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.999.53130" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a4c2ed66-477c-4416-9942-dd8111a2eb22" ID-PMC="PMC7723882" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-999-109" ID-Pensoft-UUID="833665678A4F5EEF87330B7783687C86" ID-PubMed="33343214" ID-ZooBank="B8D6EF7CBFED4758A1EBA58F1711BD30" ModsDocID="1313-2970-999-109" checkinTime="1607107203662" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Prandi, Massimo, Grossi, Paschoal C. & Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z." docDate="2020" docId="6528C64FA52D5B928909CF19422BA12D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 999: 109-145" docOrigin="ZooKeys 999" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.999.53130" docTitle="Megasoma (Megasoma) typhon subsp. prandii Milani 2008" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="833665678A4F5EEF87330B7783687C86" lastPageNumber="109" masterDocId="833665678A4F5EEF87330B7783687C86" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Megasoma (Megasoma) gyas (Jablonsky in Herbst, 1785) species group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)" masterLastPageNumber="145" masterPageNumber="109" pageNumber="109" updateTime="1668169988366" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the Megasoma (Megasoma) gyas (Jablonsky in Herbst, 1785) species group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Prandi, Massimo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Via Del Seminario 16, I- 25087, Salo, BS, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4671-3589</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">prandi.m@libero.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Grossi, Paschoal C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Agronomia / Fitossanidade, Laboratorio de Taxonomia de Insetos, Programa de Pos-graduacao em Entomologia Agricola-PPGEA, 52171 - 900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Biociencias, Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Colecao Entomologica, 78060 - 900, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>999</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>109</mods:start>
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<mods:end>145</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.999.53130</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.999.53130</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-999-109</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B8D6EF7CBFED4758A1EBA58F1711BD30</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">833665678A4F5EEF87330B7783687C86</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="170678100" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6528C64FA52D5B928909CF19422BA12D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6528C64FA52D5B928909CF19422BA12D" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<taxonomicName LSID="6528C64F-A52D-5B92-8909-CF19422BA12D" authority="Milani, 2008" authorityName="Milani" authorityYear="2008" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megasoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megasoma (Megasoma) typhon subsp. prandii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="typhon" subGenus="Megasoma" subSpecies="prandii">Megasoma (Megasoma) typhon ssp. prandii Milani, 2008</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 20. M. typhon prandii ♂ from Brazil, Santa Catarina, Serra do Mar A dorsal habitus B cephalic horn lateral view C aedeagus D lateral habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.999.53130.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481444" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Figures 20A-D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 21. M. typhon prandii ♀ from Brazil, S. Catarina, Hansa Humboldt (now Joinville) A dorsal habitus B single head's tubercle and pronotum C mesotibia with carina D label." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.999.53130.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481445" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">, 21A-D</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Milani" authorityYear="2008" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megasoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megasoma (Megasoma) gyas subsp. prandii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="gyas" subGenus="Megasoma" subSpecies="prandii">Megasoma (Megasoma) gyas ssp. prandii</taxonomicName>
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Milani, 2008: 119-133.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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This is the southernmost subspecies, nowadays restricted to the Serra do Mar region in the northern part of the Santa Catarina state. It displays a constant distinct morphology with respect to
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<taxonomicName authority="typhon" lsidName="M. typhon subsp. typhon" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="subSpecies" species="typhon" subSpecies="typhon">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">M. typhon typhon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which in addition to its geographic isolation, allows us to consider this population as a distinct subspecies.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Holotype</emphasis>
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(male): "Brasile, Santa Caterina, Vale do Rio
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Itajaí">Itajai</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Timbó">Timbo</normalizedToken>
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, 27 III 1989 local collector lgt., L. Milani det. 2008" (MPC). Paratypes: same data (4 ♂, MPC, 1 ♂, LMC, 1 ♂, MZC); same locality, 26 III 1989 (1 ♂, MPC); 28 III 1989 (1 ♂, MPC); 29.III.1989 (1 ♂, MPC); 6 IV 1989 (1 ♂, MSNM); 7 IV 1989 (1 ♂, MPC); 22 IV 1989 (1 ♂, 1 ♀, MPC).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Additional material examined</emphasis>
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: Brazil,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Santa Catarina</emphasis>
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, Rio dos Cedros, 2010 (1 ♂, UNLP); Hansa Humboldt, from the Collection Reitter (1 ♀, UBC); Joacaba, 1981 leg. Hartmann (1 ♀, UBC).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Rio Grande do Sul</emphasis>
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, Porto Alegre, X 1946 (1 ♂, UBC); Porto Alegre, 1938, with label "
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Reichenbach" authorityYear="1852" class="Aves" genus="Typhon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhon" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Typhon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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" (1 ♂, UBC).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">The diagnosis below is based on a specimen from Serra do Mar, near Rio dos Cedros, above 180 m a.s.l., caught in 2010. After this date very few specimens have been found, suggesting that the subspecies could be threatened by the reduction of its habitat.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="male diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Male diagnosis</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 20. M. typhon prandii ♂ from Brazil, Santa Catarina, Serra do Mar A dorsal habitus B cephalic horn lateral view C aedeagus D lateral habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.999.53130.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481444" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">20</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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A large
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megasoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megasoma" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Megasoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, uniformly dark brown, covered by a yellowish short, fine, uniform, pubescence; head, including horn, consistently black. Elongate body.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Size</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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L: 75 mm; TL: 100 mm; PL: 21 mm; PW: 34 mm, EL: 52 mm; EW: 44 mm; CL: 39 mm; FL: 24 mm; TF: 25 mm.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Head</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Cephalic horn long, projecting forwards and noticeably curved upwards. In dorsal view, slightly wider at the base and apex, but remaining almost subrectangular laterally, without median flattened zone. Apex always V-shaped, with divergent tips (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 20. M. typhon prandii ♂ from Brazil, Santa Catarina, Serra do Mar A dorsal habitus B cephalic horn lateral view C aedeagus D lateral habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.999.53130.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481444" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">20A</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Pronotum</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Whole surface covered by uniform, fine, dense, yellowish pubescence. Anterior angles projecting as elongate, sharp, weakly divergent horns. Median thoracic horn longer than laterals, straight, dorsal side with a glossy black line.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Elytra</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Covered by very fine, dense, uniform, yellowish pubescence except for sutural edge and epipleura; in lateral view not bulging, uniformly flattened towards apex.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Legs</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Fore tibia slightly rounded inwards, the inner edge strongly dilated apically. Anterior hedge of protibia V-shaped.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Aedeagus</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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It differs from the nominative subspecies for the parameres of tegmen smoother and rounder laterally, as in Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 20. M. typhon prandii ♂ from Brazil, Santa Catarina, Serra do Mar A dorsal habitus B cephalic horn lateral view C aedeagus D lateral habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.999.53130.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481444" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">20C</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.999.53130.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481444" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" start="Figure 20" startId="F14">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Figure 20.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. typhon subsp. prandii" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="subSpecies" species="typhon" subSpecies="prandii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">M. typhon prandii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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♂ from Brazil, Santa Catarina, Serra do Mar
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">A</emphasis>
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dorsal habitus
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">B</emphasis>
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cephalic horn lateral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">C</emphasis>
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aedeagus
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">D</emphasis>
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lateral habitus.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="variation">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Variation, males.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">A feature of the apex of the cephalic horn is that it is always V-shaped. A distinct tooth present on the dorsal side of the cephalic horn is always visible, also in medium and minor ♂. A feature of the body, in lateral view in medium specimens is that it is almost flat, and only very small specimens sometimes show a rounded body.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Measurements.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L: 53-78 mm; TL: 62-102 mm; PL: 15-23 mm; PW: 26-36 mm; EL: 33-53 mm; EW: 35-46 mm; CL: 11-40 mm; FL: 17-26 mm; TF: 19-27 mm),</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="female diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Female diagnosis</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 21. M. typhon prandii ♀ from Brazil, S. Catarina, Hansa Humboldt (now Joinville) A dorsal habitus B single head's tubercle and pronotum C mesotibia with carina D label." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.999.53130.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481445" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">21</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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A medium-large female of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megasoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megasoma" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Megasoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, uniformly black, elytra covered for 5/6 of total surface by dense yellow-brownish pilosity.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Size</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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L: 62 mm; PL: 17 mm; PW: 29 mm; EL: 42 mm; EW: 34 mm; FL: 17 mm; TF: 19 mm; HL: 8 mm.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Head</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Middle of fronto-clypeal suture with a single tubercle.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Clypeus</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Anterior lateral angles projecting into a very small tooth directed forwards and upwards; in this ssp. the two small teeth are distinctly more acuminate and curved upwards than in other species.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Pronotum</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Dull, except for the sides, with sparse bristles. Strongly convex, coarsely punctate-rugose; with posterior median carina flat, enlarged, smooth. Pronotum more expanded longitudinally and rounded laterally than in other species (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 21. M. typhon prandii ♀ from Brazil, S. Catarina, Hansa Humboldt (now Joinville) A dorsal habitus B single head's tubercle and pronotum C mesotibia with carina D label." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.999.53130.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481445" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">21A</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Elytra</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Punctate-rugose on dorsal, anterior area, glossy black; sculpture steadily finer towards pubescent surface. Pubescent surface rather sparse, roughly covered, with no visible longitudinal ridges.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Legs</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Fore tibiae shorter than tarsi, fairly arcuate, with three strong lateral teeth. On mesotibiae and metatibiae lateral teeth evolving into evident lateral carinae (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 21. M. typhon prandii ♀ from Brazil, S. Catarina, Hansa Humboldt (now Joinville) A dorsal habitus B single head's tubercle and pronotum C mesotibia with carina D label." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.999.53130.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481445" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">21C</figureCitation>
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); lateral spiny processes extending up to 3 mm laterally, immediately before tarsi junction.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.999.53130.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481445" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" start="Figure 21" startId="F15">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Figure 21.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. typhon subsp. prandii" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="subSpecies" species="typhon" subSpecies="prandii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">M. typhon prandii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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♀ from Brazil, S. Catarina, Hansa Humboldt (now Joinville)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">A</emphasis>
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dorsal habitus
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">B</emphasis>
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single
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<normalizedToken originalValue="head’s">head's</normalizedToken>
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tubercle and pronotum
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">C</emphasis>
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mesotibia with carina
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">D</emphasis>
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label.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Measurements.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L: 49-65 mm; PL: 13-18 mm; PW: 21-29 mm; EL: 32-43 mm; EW: 29-36 mm; FL: 13-19 mm; TF: 15-20 mm; HL: 7-9 mm).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |