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<mods:title id="E8AFEB7D73C74F77226638FA7431667E">Four new species and a new genus of Antarctic sea cucumbers with taxonomic reviews of Cladodactyla, Pseudocnus, Paracucumidae and Parathyonidium (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="73B9654419699C32FF0A19BF2C7950E1" box="[140,619,229,251]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3B1C36CF19699C32FF0A19BF2C7950E1" blockId="20.[140,619,229,251]" box="[140,619,229,251]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">
<heading id="605481A319699C32FF0A19BF2C7950E1" box="[140,619,229,251]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" reason="3">
Family
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FF5C19BF2C7950E1" ID-CoL="7NKB2" authority="Pawson and Fell, 1965" authorityName="Pawson and Fell" authorityYear="1965" box="[218,619,229,251]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FF5C19BF2F9050E1" bold="true" box="[218,386,229,251]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Paracucumidae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5F324B3E19699C32FE0E19BC2C7950E1" author="Pawson, D. L. &amp; Fell, H. B." box="[392,619,229,251]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref17370" refString="Pawson, D. L. and Fell, H. B. 1965. A revised classification of the dendrochirote holothurians. Breviora 214: 1 - 7. Museum Comparative Zoology: Harvard." type="journal article" year="1965">Pawson and Fell, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B1C36CF19699C32FF0A18482F3C513D" blockId="20.[140,302,273,295]" box="[140,302,273,295]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Key 2; figure 12</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="73B9654419699C32FF0A18642C9C554B" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3B1C36CF19699C32FF0A18642CB051FF" blockId="20.[140,771,318,485]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FF0A18642EE05149" box="[140,242,318,339]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Body cylindrical, posterior taper; body wall thin; tube feet distributed around body; 1015 dendritic or sub-digitiform tentacles, ventral pair usually small; mid-body wall ossicles perforated plates, some with knobs, some with secondary layer developments from one or a few layers to dome-like stacks or spines, sometimes in cross form.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3B1C36CF19699C32FF0A18A62EE55234" blockId="20.[140,771,508,558]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FF0A18A62F24520B" box="[140,310,508,529]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Included genera</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FECF18A62C885208" authority="Mortensen, 1925 b" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1925" box="[329,666,508,530]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Paracucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FECF18A62FDD520B" box="[329,463,508,529]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Paracucumis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5F324B3E19699C32FE5D18A62C885208" author="Mortensen, T." box="[475,666,508,530]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref16646" refString="Mortensen, T. 1925 b. On a small collection of Echinoderms from the Antarctic Sea. Arkiv for Zoologi. 17 A 31: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1925">Mortensen, 1925b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FD2C18A62EE55234" authority="Gutt, 1990" authorityName="Gutt" authorityYear="1990" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Crucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FD2C18A62D11520B" box="[682,771,508,529]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Crucella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5F324B3E19699C32FF0A1B432EE55234" author="Gutt, J." box="[140,247,537,558]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" pagination="101 - 117" refId="ref15730" refString="Gutt, J. 1990. New Antarctic holothurians (Echinodermata). I. Five new species with four new genera of the order Dendrochirota. Zoologica Scripta 19: 101 - 117." type="journal article" year="1990">Gutt, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3B1C36CF19699C32FF0A1B1F2C9C554B" blockId="20.[140,772,581,1361]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FF0A1B1F2EF15240" box="[140,227,581,602]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="5F324B3E19699C32FF751B1F2F7A5240" author="Gutt, J." box="[243,360,581,602]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" pagination="101 - 117" refId="ref15730" refString="Gutt, J. 1990. New Antarctic holothurians (Echinodermata). I. Five new species with four new genera of the order Dendrochirota. Zoologica Scripta 19: 101 - 117." type="journal article" year="1990">Gutt (1990)</bibRefCitation>
referred his new genus
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FDE01B1F2CAF5240" authorityName="Gutt" authorityYear="1990" box="[614,701,581,602]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Crucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FDE01B1F2CAF5240" box="[614,701,581,602]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Crucella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FF0A1B382F345262" box="[140,294,610,632]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Paracucumidae</taxonomicName>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="5F324B3E19699C32FED91B382C0F5262" author="O'Loughlin, P. M." box="[351,541,610,632]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" pagination="297 - 325" refId="ref16802" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. 2002. Report on selected species of BANZARE and ANARE Holothuroidea, with reviews of Meseres Ludwig and Heterocucumis Panning (Echinodermata). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 59 (2): 297 - 325." type="journal article" year="2002">OLoughlin (2002)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="5F324B3E19699C32FDD71B382ECB528F" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Manjon-Cabeza, M. E. &amp; Ruiz, F. M." pageId="20" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref16976" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M., Manjon-Cabeza, M. E. and Ruiz, F. M. 2009 b. Antarctic holothuroids from the Bellingshausen Sea, with descriptions of new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa 2016: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2009">
OLoughlin
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FD481B392D11526D" box="[718,771,610,632]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
(2009b)
</bibRefCitation>
maintained this referral.
<bibRefCitation id="5F324B3E19699C32FE691B252D16528F" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Manjon-Cabeza, M. E. &amp; Ruiz, F. M." box="[495,772,639,661]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref16976" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M., Manjon-Cabeza, M. E. and Ruiz, F. M. 2009 b. Antarctic holothuroids from the Bellingshausen Sea, with descriptions of new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa 2016: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2009">
OLoughlin
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FDF61BDA2CB8528E" box="[624,682,639,661]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
(2009b)
</bibRefCitation>
discussed
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FF701BC72F5F52A8" authorityName="Gutt" authorityYear="1990" box="[246,333,669,690]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Crucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FF701BC72F5F52A8" box="[246,333,669,690]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Crucella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, judged that
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FE591BC72EAF52D5" authority="Gutt, 1990" authorityName="Gutt" authorityYear="1990" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Caespitugo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="citriformis">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FE591BC72CD652A8" box="[479,708,669,690]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Caespitugo citriformis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5F324B3E19699C32FD561BC72EAF52D5" author="Gutt, J." pageId="20" pageNumber="51" pagination="101 - 117" refId="ref15730" refString="Gutt, J. 1990. New Antarctic holothurians (Echinodermata). I. Five new species with four new genera of the order Dendrochirota. Zoologica Scripta 19: 101 - 117." type="journal article" year="1990">Gutt, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FE301BE02CC752CA" authority="Vaney, 1906" authorityName="Vaney" authorityYear="1906" box="[438,725,698,720]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scotiae">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FE301BE02C4252D5" box="[438,592,698,719]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Thyone scotiae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5F324B3E19699C32FDDF1BE02CC752CA" author="Vaney, C." box="[601,725,698,720]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" pagination="400 - 402" refId="ref17661" refString="Vaney, C. 1906. Deux nouvelles Holothuries du genre Thyone provenant des Orcades du Sud. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Paris 12 (6): 400 - 402." type="journal article" year="1906">Vaney, 1906</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and referred
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FF651B8D2F6F52F7" authorityName="Vaney" authorityYear="1906" box="[227,381,727,749]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scotiae">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FF651B8D2F6F52F7" box="[227,381,727,749]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Thyone scotiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FE241B8D2FEB52F6" authorityName="Gutt" authorityYear="1990" box="[418,505,727,748]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Crucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FE241B8D2FEB52F6" box="[418,505,727,748]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Crucella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Currently the family has three recognized species:
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FE0B1BAF2D105310" authority="(Vaney, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Vaney" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[397,770,756,778]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Paracucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="turricata">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FE0B1BAF2C625310" box="[397,624,757,778]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Paracucumis turricata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5F324B3E19699C32FDF81BAE2CE95310" author="Vaney, C." box="[638,763,756,778]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" pagination="400 - 402" refId="ref17661" refString="Vaney, C. 1906. Deux nouvelles Holothuries du genre Thyone provenant des Orcades du Sud. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Paris 12 (6): 400 - 402." type="journal article" year="1906">Vaney, 1906</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(junior synonym
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FEBE1A482CF1533D" authority="Mortensen, 1925 b" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1925" box="[312,739,785,807]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Paracucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FEBE1A482C3B533D" box="[312,553,786,807]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Paracucumis antarctica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5F324B3E19699C32FDB61A482CF1533D" author="Mortensen, T." box="[560,739,785,807]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref16646" refString="Mortensen, T. 1925 b. On a small collection of Echinoderms from the Antarctic Sea. Arkiv for Zoologi. 17 A 31: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1925">Mortensen, 1925b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="5F324B3E19699C32FF0A1A742F2B535E" author="O'Loughlin, P. M." box="[140,313,814,836]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" pagination="297 - 325" refId="ref16802" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. 2002. Report on selected species of BANZARE and ANARE Holothuroidea, with reviews of Meseres Ludwig and Heterocucumis Panning (Echinodermata). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 59 (2): 297 - 325." type="journal article" year="2002">OLoughlin 2002</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FECE1A742C68535E" authority="(Vaney, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Vaney" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[328,634,814,836]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Crucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scotiae">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FECE1A742FF9535E" box="[328,491,814,836]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Crucella scotiae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5F324B3E19699C32FE701A752C66535E" author="Vaney, C." box="[502,628,814,836]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" pagination="400 - 402" refId="ref17661" refString="Vaney, C. 1906. Deux nouvelles Holothuries du genre Thyone provenant des Orcades du Sud. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Paris 12 (6): 400 - 402." type="journal article" year="1906">Vaney, 1906</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FD2D1A742F56537B" authority="Gutt, 1990" authorityName="Gutt" authorityYear="1990" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Crucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hystrix">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FD2D1A742EC2537B" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Crucella hystrix</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5F324B3E19699C32FF511A162F56537B" author="Gutt, J." box="[215,324,844,865]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" pagination="101 - 117" refId="ref15730" refString="Gutt, J. 1990. New Antarctic holothurians (Echinodermata). I. Five new species with four new genera of the order Dendrochirota. Zoologica Scripta 19: 101 - 117." type="journal article" year="1990">Gutt, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. We add a fourth species
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FDC01A162F135365" authority="O'Loughlin" authorityName="O'Loughlin" authorityYear="2014" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Crucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="susannae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FDC01A162D10537B" box="[582,770,844,865]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Crucella susannae</emphasis>
OLoughlin
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="12E457A619699C32FE971A332F745364" box="[273,358,873,894]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Phylogenetic analysis based on CO1 sequence data recovers a monophyletic
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FD981ADC2CA45386" box="[542,694,902,924]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Paracucumidae</taxonomicName>
among 200 species of dendrochirotids sequenced to date, but shows
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FF0A1A9A2EF153CF" authorityName="Gutt" authorityYear="1990" box="[140,227,960,981]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Crucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FF0A1A9A2EF153CF" box="[140,227,960,981]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Crucella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as currently defined, to be paraphyletic (
<figureCitation id="A3982A4A19699C32FDF81A9A2CD653CF" box="[638,708,960,982]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="21.[147,207,1857,1876]" captionTargetBox="[156,1447,844,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[147,1447,833,1839]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 12. Maximum likelihood tree for Paracucumidae, based on COI sequences, GTR+G model, 100 bootstrap replicates, Psolidium tenue as outgroup. Filled circles&gt;0.95 bootstrap support." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12208457" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12208457/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
), with
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FF0A1A842EFD53E9" baseAuthorityName="Vaney" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[140,239,990,1011]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Crucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scotiae">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FF0A1A842EFD53E9" box="[140,239,990,1011]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">C. scotiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sister to the new species
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FE601A842C7253E9" authorityName="O'Loughlin" authorityYear="2014" box="[486,608,990,1011]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Crucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="susannae">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FE601A842C7253E9" box="[486,608,990,1011]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">C. susannae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FD161A842D1053E9" baseAuthorityName="Vaney" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[656,770,990,1011]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Paracucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="turricata">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FD161A842D1053E9" box="[656,770,990,1011]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">P. turricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sister to these two species. However
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FD821AA12C68540A" baseAuthorityName="Vaney" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[516,634,1019,1040]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Paracucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="turricata">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FD821AA12C68540A" box="[516,634,1019,1040]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">P. turricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has what we judge to be two significant morphological characters (up to 15 tentacles and body wall plates imbricating or contiguous) that are not shared with
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FEB71D082F8A5472" baseAuthorityName="Vaney" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[305,408,1106,1128]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Crucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scotiae">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FEB71D082F8A5472" box="[305,408,1106,1128]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">C. scotiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FE4B1D082C585472" authorityName="O'Loughlin" authorityYear="2014" box="[461,586,1106,1128]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Crucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="susannae">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FE4B1D082C585472" box="[461,586,1106,1128]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">C. susannae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We acknowledge this anomaly for generic assignment, but on primarily morphological grounds maintain
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FE631DD62C9354B8" authorityName="Vaney" authorityYear="1906" box="[485,641,1164,1186]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scotiae">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FE631DD62C9354B8" box="[485,641,1164,1186]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Thyone scotiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FD2D1DD62D1054BB" authorityName="Gutt" authorityYear="1990" box="[683,770,1164,1185]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Crucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FD2D1DD62D1054BB" box="[683,770,1164,1185]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Crucella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and maintain
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FE981DF02FB054A5" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1925" box="[286,418,1194,1215]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Paracucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FE981DF02FB054A5" box="[286,418,1194,1215]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Paracucumis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a monotypic genus. CO1 data indicate further cryptic, geographical divergence within
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FD6D1D9D2EC254E3" authorityName="Gutt" authorityYear="1990" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Crucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hystrix">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FD6D1D9D2EC254E3" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">C. hystrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FE861DBE2F7654E3" authorityName="Vaney" authorityYear="1906" box="[256,356,1252,1273]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scotiae">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FE861DBE2F7654E3" box="[256,356,1252,1273]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">C. scotiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as previously indicated by OLoughlin
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FD6C1DBE2EB5550C" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">et. al.</emphasis>
(2010). We note in relation to the 2010 paper and relevant tree (page 8) that the South
<collectingCountry id="43B4765F19699C32FEF21C442FD8552E" box="[372,458,1310,1332]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Shetland</collectingCountry>
specimen (green) of
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FD181C442D10552E" authorityName="Vaney" authorityYear="1906" box="[670,770,1310,1332]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scotiae">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FD181C442D10552E" box="[670,770,1310,1332]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">C. scotiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is re-identified here as our new species
<taxonomicName id="FCA34D4C19699C32FD881C662C9B554B" authorityName="O'Loughlin" authorityYear="2014" box="[526,649,1340,1361]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Crucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="susannae">
<emphasis id="09D7EADD19699C32FD881C662C9B554B" box="[526,649,1340,1361]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">C. susannae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>