274 lines
28 KiB
XML
274 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.123.1448" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f1dbd205-6f2f-4feb-867e-d52041258d12" ID-PMC="PMC3175121" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-123-1" ID-PubMed="21998529" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-123-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 123" ModsDocTitle="Australian Assassins, Part I: A review of the Assassin Spiders (Araneae, Archaeidae) of mid-eastern Australia" checkinTime="1451249962699" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rix, Michael G. & Harvey, Mark S." docDate="2011" docId="8056BA1925F7920BE8453F32F28DCC6E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 123: 1-100" docOrigin="ZooKeys 123" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.123.1448" docTitle="Austrarchaea nodosa Forster 1956" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="A428FFEAFD3A7353FFACFFBCFFFA6D47" masterDocTitle="Australian Assassins, Part I: A review of the Assassin Spiders (Araneae, Archaeidae) of mid-eastern Australia" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1668152002706" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Australian Assassins, Part I: A review of the Assassin Spiders (Araneae, Archaeidae) of mid-eastern Australia</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Rix, Michael G.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Harvey, Mark S.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>123</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>100</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.123.1448</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.123.1448</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-123-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152030497" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8056BA1925F7920BE8453F32F28DCC6E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8056BA1925F7920BE8453F32F28DCC6E" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Austrarchaea_nodosa" authority="Forster, 1956" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1956" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea nodosa" name="McPherson Range Assassin Spider" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="vernacular name" species="nodosa" vernacular="vernacular">Austrarchaea nodosa McPherson Range Assassin Spider (Forster, 1956)</taxonomicName>
|
||
Figs 1A-B5D7I8I1028
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Archaeidae" genus="Archaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archaea nodosa" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosa">Archaea nodosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
Forster, 1956: 151, figs 1-7.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea nodosa" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosa">Austrarchaea nodosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Forster): Forster & Platnick, 1984: 21, figs 4-6, 9-10, 19, 27, 34-35, 57, 60-65.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Holotype juvenile: Lamington National Park, Tullawallal [Antarctic Beech forest], south of Binna Burra, Queensland, Australia, [
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-28.205557">28°12'20"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="153.18889">153°11'20"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], from moss, 31.X.1955, T. Woodward (QMB W1955).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="other material examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Other material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
AUSTRALIA: Queensland:Lamington National Park: Binna Burra, track to Tullawallal Antarctic Beech forest,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-28.205557">28°12'20"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="153.18889">153°11'20"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, sifting and teasing low vegetation, 7.IV.2006, M. & A. Rix, 1♂, 2 juveniles (WAM T89592DNA: LAM-51-J); Binna Burra, 11.II.1971, Y. Lubin, R. Raven, V. Davies, 1♀ (QMB S73925); Binna Burra, Ships Stern Circuit track,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-28.197498">28°11'51"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="153.19112">153°11'28"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, sifting elevated leaf litter, subtropical rainforest, 764 m, 25.IV.2010, M. & A. Rix, D. & S. Harms, J. Wojcieszek, 1 juvenile (WAM T112571DNA: Ar56-58-J); IBISCA Plot IQ-1100-A,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-28.258055">28°15'29"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="153.15889">153°09'32"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, bark spray, 1141 m, 11.III.2007, G. Thompson, A. Marcora, 1♂, 1♀, 1 juvenile (QMB S75416). New South Wales:Border Ranges National Park: Upper Brindle Creek, Wiangarie,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-28.383333">28°23'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="153.1">153°06'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, pyrethrum,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nothofagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
rainforest, 840 m, 15.XII.2008, G. Monteith, 1♀ (QMB S87983). Mount Warning National Park: 1975-1976, G. & S. Monteith, 1 juvenile (QMB S20426);
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="start">Mount</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Warning, track to summit,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-28.402222">28°24'08"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="153.27417">153°16'27"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, sifting elevated leaf litter under
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Xanthorrhoea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xanthorrhoea" order="Asparagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Xanthorrhoea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, wet eucalypt forest bordering subtropical rainforest, 728 m, 26.IV.2010, M. Rix, 1 juvenile (WAM T112572DNA: Ar57-46-J); off Mount Warning Road,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-28.3975">28°23'51"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="153.2889">153°17'20"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, sifting elevated leaf litter, subtropical rainforest, 348 m, 26.IV.2010, D. Harms, 1 juvenile (WAM T112573DNA: Ar58-53-J).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="additional material examined (of tentative identification)">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Additional material examined (of tentative identification).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Lamington National Park: Mount Hobwee, in moss, 3.IV.1976, R. Raven, 1 juvenile (QMB S30827); Nagarigoon, 8.IV.1976, 1 juvenile (QMB S30817). Mount Chinghee National Park: QM Berlesate, stick brushing, 17.XII.1982, G. Monteith, D. Yeates, G. Thompson, 1 juvenile (QMB S30804). New South Wales:Border Ranges National Park: Border Fence, Levers Plateau, via Rathdowney, pitfall trap, 670 m, 22.V.-IX.1976, G. & S. Monteith, 1 juvenile (QMB S30823).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="additional material (not examined)">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Additional material (not examined).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Lamington National Park: Tullawallal Antarctic Beech forest, south of Binna Burra,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-28.210835">28°12'39"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="153.19223">153°11'32"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nothofagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
rainforest, 900 m, 21.III.2006, C. Griswold, D. Silva, R. Raven, B. Baehr, M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ramírez">Ramirez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1♂ (CASENT 9018966); Binna Burra, 27.III.1976, R. Raven, V. Davies, 1♀, 1 juvenile (QMB S30820); Binna Burra,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-28.193888">28°11'38"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="153.18695">153°11'13"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, rainforest, 790 m, 21-23.III.2006, C. Griswold, D. Silva, R. Raven, B. Baehr, M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ramírez">Ramirez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1 juvenile (CASENT 9018963); Binna Burra,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-28.193888">28°11'38"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="153.18695">153°11'13"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Berlese of leaf litter, rainforest, 790 m, 23.III.2006, C. Griswold, D. Silva, R. Raven, B. Baehr, M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ramírez">Ramirez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1 juvenile (CASENT 9018964); Binna Burra, along Border Track,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-28.198889">28°11'56"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="153.1875">153°11'15"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, beating vegetation, 900 m, 29-30.IV.2009, H. Wood, 1♂ (CASENT 9028426); same data, 1♂ (CASENT 9028388); O'Reillys, 25-26.IX.1986, J. Gallon, R. Raven, 1♀ (QMB S30814).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea nodosa" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosa">Austrarchaea nodosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Archaeidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Archaeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
from mid-eastern Australia by the broad, flanged proximal portion of the embolic sclerite (Figs 10D-E; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Forster, RR" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 106" title="A review of the archaeid spiders and their relatives, with notes on the limits of the superfamily Palpimanoidea (Arachnida, Araneae)." volume="178" year="1984">Forster and Platnick 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs 61, 63) and the unique shape of the conductor (Figs 10D-E), which is thin, gently-tapered and slightly bent along its distal half. The presence of a shallow concave depression near the posterior margin of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘head’">'head'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Fig. 7I) can also be used to distinguish females from most other species, including the sympatric
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea dianneae" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dianneae">Austrarchaea dianneae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">This species can also be distinguished from other genotyped taxa from mid-eastern Australia (see Fig. 3B) by the following seven unique nucleotide substitutions for COI (n = 4): A(42), C(393), C(639), C(939), A(960), A(1038), A(1053).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Male (QMB S30817): Total length 3.18; leg I femur 3.01; F1/CL ratio 2.70. Cephalothorax dark reddish-brown; legs tan-brown with darker annulations; abdomen mottled grey-brown and beige, with darker reddish-brown dorsal scute and sclerites (Fig. 10B). Carapace very tall (CH/CL ratio 2.30); 1.12 long, 2.56 high, 1.08 wide;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘neck’">'neck'</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.56 wide; bearing two pairs of rudimentary horns; highest point of pars cephalica (HPC) near middle of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘head’">'head'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(ratio of HPC to post-ocular length 0.57), carapace with shallow concave depression posterior to HPC;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘head’">'head'</normalizedToken>
|
||
not strongly elevated dorsally (post-ocular ratio 0.24) (Fig. 8I). Chelicerae with short brush of accessory setae on anterior face of paturon (Fig. 10C). Abdomen 1.64 long, 1.13 wide;
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="14" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
|
||
three pairs of dorsal hump-like tubercles (HT 1-6); dorsal scute fused anteriorly to epigastric sclerites, extending posteriorly to first pair of hump-like tubercles; HT 3-6 each covered by separate dorsal sclerites. Unexpanded pedipalp (WAM T89592) (Figs 10D-F) with thin, pointed conductor, gently-tapered and slightly bent along distal half; embolic sclerite with broad, flanged proximal portion overlying proximal conductor; tegular sclerite 1 (TS 1) long, filiform, with sinuous distal tip, visible in retrolateral view; TS 2 spiniform, shorter than TS 1; TS 2a sinuous, largely obscured by TS 2; TS 3 indistinct, embedded within distal haematodocha, barely visible beyond retro-distal rim of tegulum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Female (QMB S30817): Total length 3.54; leg I femur 3.01; F1/CL ratio 2.40. Cephalothorax dark reddish-brown; legs tan-brown with darker annulations; abdomen bi-coloured grey-brown and beige, palest posteriorly (Fig. 10A). Carapace tall (CH/CL ratio 2.12); 1.26 long, 2.67 high, 1.15 wide;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘neck’">'neck'</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.64 wide; bearing two pairs of rudimentary horns; highest point of pars cephalica (HPC) near posterior third of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘head’">'head'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(ratio of HPC to post-ocular length 0.63), carapace with shallow concave depression posterior to HPC;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘head’">'head'</normalizedToken>
|
||
not strongly elevated dorsally (post-ocular ratio 0.23) (Fig. 7I). Chelicerae without accessory setae on anterior face of paturon. Abdomen 2.15 long, 1.64 wide; with three pairs of dorsal hump-like tubercles (HT 1-6). Internal genitalia with cluster of ≤ 12 variably shaped spermathecae on either side of gonopore, clusters meeting near midline of genital plate (Figs 5D, 10G); innermost (anterior) spermathecae longest, sausage-shaped, curved antero-laterally; outermost (posterior) spermathecae bulbous; other spermathecae variably pyriform, straight, directed antero-laterally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Variation: Males (n=2): total length 2.97-3.18; carapace length 1.12-1.13; carapace height 2.56-2.67; CH/CL ratio 2.30-2.36. Females (n=3): total length 3.54-4.00; carapace length 1.21-1.33; carapace height 2.49-2.87; CH/CL ratio 2.06-2.15.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea nodosa" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosa">Austrarchaea nodosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from rainforest habitats along the McPherson Range and 'scenic
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="rim’">rim'</normalizedToken>
|
||
of extreme south-eastern Queensland and north-eastern New South Wales, in the Lamington, Border Ranges and Mount Warning National Parks (Fig. 28). At Binna Burra (Lamington National Park) it has been found in sympatry with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea dianneae" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dianneae">Austrarchaea dianneae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., in the only known example of two-species sympatry among Australian archaeids (see Nomenclatural Remarks, below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">This species has a relatively widespread distribution in several National Parks protected under World Heritage legislation, and is not considered to be of conservation concern.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclatural remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nomenclatural remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
The holotype specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea nodosa" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosa">Austrarchaea nodosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Forster, RR" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Queensland Museum" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="151 - 154" title="A new spider of the genus Archaea from Australia." volume="13" year="1956">Forster (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, is a juvenile (probably penultimate) female from the Tullawallal
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Fagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nothofagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
forest near Binna Burra, Lamington National Park. Although long assumed to have only a single species, the greater Binna Burra region is now the only locality in Australia known to have two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Archaeidae" lsidName="" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="family">Archaeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
living in close sympatry: numerous specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea dianneae" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dianneae">Austrarchaea dianneae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. were discovered near Binna Burra in April 2010, along the 'Ships Stern Circuit
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Track’">Track'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, along with one juvenile specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea nodosa" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosa">Austrarchaea nodosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea dianneae" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dianneae">Austrarchaea dianneae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea nodosa" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosa">Austrarchaea nodosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
are closely related (Fig. 3B) rainforest-dwelling taxa, rendering the identification of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forster’s">Forster's</normalizedToken>
|
||
holotype specimen - and therefore the identification of the
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="15" start="start">generic</pageBreakToken>
|
||
type species - questionable. To address this issue, and to determine which species was actually described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Forster, RR" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Queensland Museum" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="151 - 154" title="A new spider of the genus Archaea from Australia." volume="13" year="1956">Forster (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, two lines of evidence are discussed below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Tullawallal’">'Tullawallal'</normalizedToken>
|
||
- the type locality cited by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Forster, RR" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Queensland Museum" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="151 - 154" title="A new spider of the genus Archaea from Australia." volume="13" year="1956">Forster (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
- is a well-known, high-altitude
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus moorei" order="Fagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="moorei">Nothofagus moorei</taxonomicName>
|
||
cool-temperate rainforest, situated off Binna
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Burra’s">Burra's</normalizedToken>
|
||
'Border
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Track’">Track'</normalizedToken>
|
||
at around 900 m elevation. The dominant rainforest surrounding Tullawallal is a closed, complex notophyllous vine forest (with isolated warm-temperate and cool-temperate elements), typical of higher elevations throughout the Lamington National Park and McPherson Range (Fig. 28C). In all of the higher-altitude and/or closed rainforests of the Lamington Plateau and Border Ranges National Park, only identifiable specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea nodosa" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosa">Austrarchaea nodosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as recognised above) have so far been collected. Furthermore, the two male specimens collected at or near Tullawallal (WAM T89592, CASENT 9018966) are also both
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea nodosa" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosa">Austrarchaea nodosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
as here recognised. In contrast, the three localities where
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea dianneae" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dianneae">Austrarchaea dianneae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. has been found (i.e. along the 'Ships Stern Circuit
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Track’">Track'</normalizedToken>
|
||
near Binna Burra, Wojigumal Creek, and in the Tamborine National Park) are significantly lower in altitude than Tullawallal and the surrounding 'Border
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Track’">Track'</normalizedToken>
|
||
region of Binna Burra (764 m, 570 m and 313 m, respectively), with more open
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘mixed’">'mixed'</normalizedToken>
|
||
rainforests and emergent eucalypts at the Binna Burra and Mount Tamborine localities (Fig. 29C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Secondly, female specimens of both species possess a distinctive
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘head’">'head'</normalizedToken>
|
||
morphology; females of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea nodosa" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosa">Austrarchaea nodosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as here recognised) are characterised by a shallow concave depression posterior to the highest point of the pars cephalica (HPC) (Fig. 7I), whereas females of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea dianneae" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dianneae">Austrarchaea dianneae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. have no such depression and a significantly more pronounced posterior margin of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘head’">'head'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Fig. 7H). The holotype juvenile specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea nodosa" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosa">Austrarchaea nodosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a clear concave depression posterior to the HPC, and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘head’">'head'</normalizedToken>
|
||
proportions otherwise very similar to the female illustrated in Figure 7I. In contrast, the only known penultimate female specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea dianneae" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dianneae">Austrarchaea dianneae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., collected from near Binna Burra (WAM T112556), does not have a concave depression posterior to the HPC, and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘head’">'head'</normalizedToken>
|
||
proportions otherwise similar to the allotype female
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea dianneae" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dianneae">Austrarchaea dianneae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. illustrated in Figure 7H.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Clearly, given the identification of specimens collected from the type locality and similar nearby habitats, and the morphology of the holotype juvenile specimen, we are as confident as possible in newly-diagnosing
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea nodosa" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosa">Austrarchaea nodosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the species described above, given an otherwise highly precarious nomenclatural situation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |