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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.128.35042" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1a8ff8a6-da69-4736-92e3-ddf6abfae41e" ID-PMC="PMC6700054" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-128-85" ID-Pensoft-UUID="55651BFDC4A35FC6805717910ACA6DB8" ID-PubMed="31435190" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3371818" ModsDocID="1314-2003-128-85" checkinTime="1565637269542" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Li, Rongtao, Wang, Zhiwei, Wang, Jun, Zhu, Xinxin &amp; Xu, Han" docDate="2019" docId="11361FE358F1514B92135455B755094B" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 128: 85-96" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 128" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.128.35042" docTitle="Isotrema sanyaense R. T. Li, X. X. Zhu &amp; Z. W. Wang 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="55651BFDC4A35FC6805717910ACA6DB8" lastPageNumber="85" masterDocId="55651BFDC4A35FC6805717910ACA6DB8" masterDocTitle="Isotrema sanyaense, a new species of Aristolochiaceae from Hainan, China" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="85" pageNumber="85" updateTime="1668139423878" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Isotrema sanyaense, a new species of Aristolochiaceae from Hainan, China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Li, Rongtao</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wang, Zhiwei</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wang, Jun</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zhu, Xinxin</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Xu, Han</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>128</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>85</mods:start>
<mods:end>96</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.128.35042</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.128.35042</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-128-85</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">55651BFDC4A35FC6805717910ACA6DB8</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3371818</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159120453" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:11361FE358F1514B92135455B755094B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/11361FE358F1514B92135455B755094B" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
<taxonomicName LSID="11361FE3-58F1-514B-9213-5455B755094B" authority="R. T. Li, X. X. Zhu &amp; Z. W. Wang" authorityName="R. T. Li, X. X. Zhu &amp; Z. W. Wang" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Isotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isotrema sanyaense" order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanyaense" status="sp. nov.">Isotrema sanyaense R.T.Li, X.X.Zhu &amp; Z.W.Wang</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="85">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Isotrema sanyaense R. T. Li, X. X. Zhu &amp; Z. W. Wang, sp. nov. A flowering branch B leaf C flower (front view) D flower (lateral view) E opened flower (showing the inside structure) F anthers and gynostemium G fruit H seeds. Scale bars: 6 cm (B); 1 mm (C, D, E); 5 mm (F); 2 cm (G); 3 mm (H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.128.35042.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/324638" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Isotrema sanyaense R. T. Li, X. X. Zhu &amp; Z. W. Wang, sp. nov. A habit B leaves (adaxially and abaxially) C inflorescence D flower (lateral view) E opened flower (showing the inside structure) F anthers and gynostemium G fruit H seeds. Scale bars: 1 cm (B, C); 2 cm (D, E, G); 5 mm (F, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.128.35042.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/324639" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">, 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Holotype of Isotrema sanyaense R. T. Li, X. X. Zhu &amp; Z. W. Wang, sp. nov. [CSH- 0146607]!." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.128.35042.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/324640" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">, 3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. T. Li, X. X. Zhu &amp; Z. W. Wang" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aristolochiaceae" genus="Isotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isotrema sanyaense" order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanyaense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Isotrema sanyaense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. ledongense" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="ledongense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">I. ledongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Han Xu, Y.D.Li &amp; H.J.Yang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao &amp; J.S.Ma and
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. jianfenglingense" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="jianfenglingense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">I. jianfenglingense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Han Xu, Y.D.Li &amp; H.Q.Chen) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao &amp; J.S.Ma (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.401.1.1" author="Zhu, XX" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 23" refId="B38" refString="Zhu, XX, Li, XQ, Liao, S, Du, C, Wang, Y, Wang, ZH, Yan, J, Zuo, YJ, Ma, JS, 2019. Reinstatement of Isotrema, a new generic delimitation of Aristolochia subgen. Siphisia (Aristolochiaceae). Phytotaxa 401 (1): 1 - 23, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.401.1.1" title="Reinstatement of Isotrema, a new generic delimitation of Aristolochia subgen. Siphisia (Aristolochiaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.401.1.1" volume="401" year="2019">Zhu et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
), but significantly differs in the following characters: cymes 1-5-flowered, in hanging clusters of 1 to numerous branches, the pedicel nearly equal in length to flower, upper calyx tube obviously longer than basal calyx tube, calyx limb discoid, yellow inside, with purple-red stripes and spots, about 13-18 mm in diameter, glabrous, the throat dark red without spots, 4-6 mm wide. A detailed morphological comparison among the three species is shown in
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A, B Isotrema sanyaense R. T. Li, X. X. Zhu &amp; Z. W. Wang, sp. nov. A habit B flowers C, D I. jianfenglingense (Han Xu, Y. D. Li &amp; H. Q. Chen) X. X. Zhu, S. Liao &amp; J. S. Ma C habit D flowers E, F I. ledongense (Han Xu, Y. D. Li &amp; H. J. Yang) X. X. Zhu, S. Liao &amp; J. S. Ma E flowering branch F flower (front view)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.128.35042.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/324641" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Figure 4</figureCitation>
and Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological comparison of key characters among Isotrema sanyaense, I. ledongense and I. jianfenglingense." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A6CCE51374E421100101B514446C6148" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" tableUuid="A6CCE51374E421100101B514446C6148">1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3487863" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.128.35042.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/324638" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. T. Li, X. X. Zhu &amp; Z. W. Wang" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aristolochiaceae" genus="Isotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isotrema sanyaense" order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanyaense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Isotrema sanyaense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.T.Li, X.X.Zhu &amp; Z.W.Wang, sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">A</emphasis>
flowering branch
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">B</emphasis>
leaf
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">C</emphasis>
flower (front view)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">D</emphasis>
flower (lateral view)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">E</emphasis>
opened flower (showing the inside structure)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">F</emphasis>
anthers and gynostemium
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">G</emphasis>
fruit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">H</emphasis>
seeds. Scale bars: 6 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">B</emphasis>
); 1 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">C, D, E</emphasis>
); 5 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">F</emphasis>
); 2 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">G</emphasis>
); 3 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">H</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3487865" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.128.35042.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/324639" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. T. Li, X. X. Zhu &amp; Z. W. Wang" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aristolochiaceae" genus="Isotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isotrema sanyaense" order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanyaense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Isotrema sanyaense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.T.Li, X.X.Zhu &amp; Z.W.Wang, sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">A</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">B</emphasis>
leaves (adaxially and abaxially)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">C</emphasis>
inflorescence
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">D</emphasis>
flower (lateral view)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">E</emphasis>
opened flower (showing the inside structure)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">F</emphasis>
anthers and gynostemium
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">G</emphasis>
fruit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">H</emphasis>
seeds. Scale bars: 1 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">B, C</emphasis>
); 2 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">D, E, G</emphasis>
); 5 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">F, H</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
CHINA. Hainan: Sanya City, Haitang District, Haitangwan Town,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="22" value="18.289444">18°17'22&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="109" direction="east" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="45" value="109.6625">109°39'45&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 332m a.s.l., 28 October 2017 (fl),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">X.X.Zhu &amp; R.T.Li ZXX17105</emphasis>
(holotype: CSH-0146607!; isotype: CSH!, KUN!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
Woody liana. Young stems terete, densely villous, with yellow to brown trichomes, old branchlets glabrous, old stems leafless. Petioles 0.8-1.7 cm long, young ones densely villous, with yellow to brown trichomes mixed with a white pubescence; blades lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, entire, 9-14
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-6 cm, leathery, adaxially glabrous, abaxially villous, with sparse larger white appressed trichomes, mixed with shorter white pubescence, veins pinnate, 5 to 10 pairs, base shallowly cordate to cordate, sinus &lt;2-3 mm deep, apex acute. Cymes lateral on old woody stems or axillary, 1-5-flowered, in hanging clusters of 1 to numerous branches, pedicels 1.1-2.6 cm long, densely villous, with yellow to brown trichomes; bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, ca. 0.2-0.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.4 mm, inserted at the basis of pedicel, adaxially glabrous, abaxially densely villous, with yellow to brown trichomes. Calyx horseshoe-shaped, externally white with purple-red stripes; abaxially densely villous, with yellow to brown trichomes; basal tube ca. 2.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5 cm, inside dark purple, with white patches spaced in the middle; upper tube ca. 2.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5 cm, white inside, getting dark red in upper portion; calyx limb discoid, ca. 13-18 mm in diameter, abaxially densely villous, with yellow to brown trichomes, the inner surface yellow with purple-red stripes and spots, glabrous; throat dark red, 4-6 mm wide. Anthers 6, oblong, ca. 2.2 mm long, adnate in 3 pairs to base of gynostemium, opposite to lobes, dehiscence longitudinal. Gynostemium ca. 5 mm long, 3-lobed, apex acute; ovary inferior, 6-loculed, abaxially densely villous, with yellow to brown trichomes; ovules numerous; placentation axillary. Capsule oblong-ellipsoid, ca. 5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2 cm, dehiscing basipetally. Seeds triangular-ovate, 4-5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-4 mm.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3487867" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.128.35042.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/324640" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Holotype of
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. T. Li, X. X. Zhu &amp; Z. W. Wang" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aristolochiaceae" genus="Isotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isotrema sanyaense" order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanyaense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Isotrema sanyaense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.T.Li, X.X.Zhu &amp; Z.W.Wang, sp. nov. [CSH-0146607]!.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3487869" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.128.35042.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/324641" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">A, B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. T. Li, X. X. Zhu &amp; Z. W. Wang" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aristolochiaceae" genus="Isotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isotrema sanyaense" order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanyaense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Isotrema sanyaense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.T.Li, X.X.Zhu &amp; Z.W.Wang, sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">A</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">B</emphasis>
flowers
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">C, D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. jianfenglingense" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="jianfenglingense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">I. jianfenglingense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Han Xu, Y.D.Li &amp; H.Q.Chen) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao &amp; J.S.Ma
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">C</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">D</emphasis>
flowers
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">E, F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. ledongense" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="ledongense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">I. ledongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Han Xu, Y.D.Li &amp; H.J.Yang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao &amp; J.S.Ma
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">E</emphasis>
flowering branch
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">F</emphasis>
flower (front view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Flowering specimens have been collected in October and in fruiting specimens in May.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
The specific epithet is derived from the type locality, Sanya City, in Hainan island, China. The Chinese name is given as
<normalizedToken originalValue="“三亚关木通”">&quot;三亚关木通&quot;</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. T. Li, X. X. Zhu &amp; Z. W. Wang" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aristolochiaceae" genus="Isotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isotrema sanyaense" order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanyaense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Isotrema sanyaense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently known from Haitangwan Town, Haitang District, Sanya City, Hainan Province, China. It grows in lowland dry forests dominated by families including
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1819" family="Euphorbiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1819" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1819" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1819" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1819" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1819" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
at elevations between 332-400 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. T. Li, X. X. Zhu &amp; Z. W. Wang" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aristolochiaceae" genus="Isotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isotrema sanyaense" order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanyaense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Isotrema sanyaense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from two populations in Sanya City, Hainan island, China, with fewer than 30 individuals seen at each site. Therefore, the new species is assigned a preliminary status of Vulnerable (VU D2) according to IUCN Red List Criteria (
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="5. Science Press, Beijing &amp; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" refId="B16" refString="IUCN, 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1 (2nd edn). Gland and Cambridge, 32 pp." title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1 (2 nd edn). Gland and Cambridge, 32 pp." year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
), indicating a population with a very restricted area of occupancy (typically less than 20 km2) or number of locations (typically five or fewer).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Additional specimens examined (paratypes).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">CHINA. Hainan</emphasis>
: Sanya City, Haitang District, Haitangwan Town,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="24" value="18.289999">18°17'24&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="109" direction="east" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="43" value="109.66195">109°39'43&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 400m a.s.l., 28 October 2017 (vegetative),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">X.X.Zhu &amp; R.T.Li ZXX17106</emphasis>
(CSH); same location,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="29" value="18.291388">18°17'29&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="109" direction="east" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="46" value="109.66278">109°39'46&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 376m a.s.l., 21 May 2018 (fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">X.X.Zhu &amp; J.Wang ZXX18075</emphasis>
(CSH, KUN).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="A6CCE51374E421100101B514446C6148" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A6CCE51374E421100101B514446C6148" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Table 1.</emphasis>
Morphological comparison of key characters among
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. T. Li, X. X. Zhu &amp; Z. W. Wang" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aristolochiaceae" genus="Isotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isotrema sanyaense" order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanyaense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Isotrema sanyaense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. ledongense" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="ledongense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">I. ledongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. jianfenglingense" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="jianfenglingense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">I. jianfenglingense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">Characters</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. sanyaense" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="sanyaense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">I. sanyaense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. ledongense" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="ledongense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">I. ledongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. jianfenglingense" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="jianfenglingense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">I. jianfenglingense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">Leaf blade</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">adaxially glabrous, abaxially sparsely with white pubescence</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">adaxially mixed with yellow-brown villous and white pubescence, abaxially densely yellow-brown villous</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">adaxially sparsely yellow-brown villous and white pubescence, abaxially mixed with yellow-brown villous and white pubescence</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">Inflorescence</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">cyme 1-5-flowered, in hanging clusters of 1 to numerous branches</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">solitary</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">solitary</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">Pedicel</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">1.1-2.6 cm, nearly equal in length to flower</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">0.7-1 cm, significantly shorter than flower</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">2.7-3.5cm, nearly equal in length to flower</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">Calyx</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">
white, with purple-red stripes; basal tube ca. 22
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5 mm, upper tube significantly longer than basal tube
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">
light yellow, with purple-red stripes; basal tube 15-16
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.5-5 mm, upper tube almost equal to basal tube
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">
light red brown, without stripes; basal tube 23-26
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-6 mm, upper tube significantly longer than basal tube
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">Limb</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">discoid, yellow, 13-18 mm in diameter, with purple-red stripes and spots, lobes without papillae and pubescent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">discoid, yellow, 5-7 mm in diameter, only with unobvious light red spots, lobes densely papillate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">trumpet-shaped, pink, 8-9 mm in diameter, lobes densely papillae and white pubescent</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">Throat</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">dark red without spots, 4-6 mm wide, significantly smaller than the limb</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">dark red with light yellow spots, ca. 5 mm wide, significantly smaller than the limb</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">pink with red-brown spots, ca. 8-9 mm wide, approximately to the limb</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">Gynostemium</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">ca. 5 mm long, lobes nearly equal in length to anthers, apex acute</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">ca. 3 mm long, lobes significantly shorter than anthers, apex obtuse</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rowspan="1">ca. 4 mm long, lobes significantly shorter than anthers, apex curved</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>