427 lines
55 KiB
XML
427 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="76A0D0A44FA5C3606793FADD16997776" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4072.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3f9b2096-d2af-480e-9c01-20452ca06331" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="266180" ID-ZooBank="471010AB-476B-42C9-B24E-72214125CC21" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460877936349" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shinohara, Akihiko & Wei, Mei-Cai" docDate="2016" docId="03E187CFFFF8FFE2869CFD0459E0FEAB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4072.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4072 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pamphilius padus Shinohara, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="312" masterDocId="FFD8FFB7FFF0FFE9860BFF8D5D77FFCE" masterDocTitle="Leaf-rolling sawflies (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae, Pamphiliinae) of Tianmushan Mountains, Zhejiang Province, China" masterLastPageNumber="318" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="309" updateTime="1698358181545" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2353FD57547B70CCCFD5523201FF5842">
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<mods:title id="1A4193C47A24699E9D944A1F1BA42A9C">Leaf-rolling sawflies (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae, Pamphiliinae) of Tianmushan Mountains, Zhejiang Province, China</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4B649B2BED03CDCBB78E6AA2FBA361BE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="315FB300D44D37C93881C11FC2CBF36F">Shinohara, Akihiko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F0FA6F40BF305B7A6AA1A73FE6E20B2F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="492F645CE16CAFDCC885F3BF13D4C282">Wei, Mei-Cai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="285CC0B14EACE1D0619EA29E1BB2ECF9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="60581F4A84489206EBEAFA429F444B6A">
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<mods:date id="7F5AF08218F5B987C740C04E1040F018">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="A488C52E7E6B27E5FDB6C25AE4D12D03" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F589629A4EF25BCDAF629F478AB3902E">4072</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E6DA17BD77285C0ADD1B5A69B46E7E2C">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="FBB8833ABC6BC13365AA6F23531A876D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="20236800FA8E69E31E0033F40CEBBA20" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4072.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E187CFFFF8FFE2869CFD0459E0FEAB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6088078" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119585507" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6088078" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187CFFFF8FFE2869CFD0459E0FEAB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E187CFFFF8FFE2869CFD0459E0FEAB" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="312" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
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<subSubSection id="C3526552FFF8FFE1869CFD045C7DFD0B" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF736D9FFF8FFE1869CFD045F11FD6D" blockId="8.[151,614,649,709]" box="[151,614,649,675]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
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<heading id="D0BF81B5FFF8FFE1869CFD045F11FD6D" bold="true" box="[151,614,649,675]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFF8FFE1869CFD045F11FD6D" bold="true" box="[151,614,649,675]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D5AFFF8FFE1869CFD045C8CFD6D" authority="Shinohara" authorityName="Shinohara" box="[151,507,649,675]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Pamphilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="padus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFF8FFE1869CFD045C07FD6D" bold="true" box="[151,368,649,675]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Pamphilius padus</emphasis>
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Shinohara
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20F57B0FFF8FFE18403FD045F11FD6D" box="[520,614,649,675]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF736D9FFF8FFE1869CFD215C7DFD0B" blockId="8.[151,614,649,709]" box="[151,266,684,709]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13732A5CFFF8FFE18694FD215C74FD0B" box="[159,259,684,709]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1083,1105]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,250,1038,1060]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,250,1881,1903]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1427,199,1056]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1430,197,1015]" captionTargetBox-2="[160,1429,421,1855]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1061]" captionTargetId-1="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1017]" captionTargetId-2="figure@11.[151,1436,411,1860]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Pamphilius padus, ♀, holotype (A, D, F, G), ♂, paratype, Kaishan Laodian (B, E) and ♀, paratype, Kaishan Laodian (C). A, B, Dorsal view; C, sawsheath, lateral view; D, E, head, dorsofrontal view; F, left mandible; G, right mandible." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Pamphilius padus, ♂ genitalia, paratype, Kaishan Laodian. A, Dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, penis valve, lateral view (right dorsal)." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Pamphilius padus, egg (A), remains of egg shells and leaf-rolls (B – D) and larvae (E – H). A, An egg on a leaf of Padus obtusata, April 9; B, same leaf with a leaf roll made by a young larva and remains of an egg shell, April 11; C, same leaf, April 16; D, two leaf-rolls and remains of two egg shells on one leaf, April 16; E, late instar larva, April 27; F, mature larva, April 29; G, mature larva, April 29; H, late instar larva, head, April 27. Photographs taken in Kaishan Laodian (A – D) and in the laboratory (E – H) in 2014 by A. Shinohara." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/266185/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/266186/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/266187/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Figs 5–7</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3526552FFF8FFE0869CFD795E08F9AE" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="310" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF736D9FFF8FFE1869CFD79599BFB73" blockId="8.[151,1437,756,1969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
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<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFF8FFE1869CFD795CF9FCC3" bold="true" box="[151,398,756,781]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Description. Female.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54F3887BFFF8FFE1879FFD795C8BFCC3" box="[404,508,756,781]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13732A5CFFF8FFE18400FD795F39FCC3" box="[523,590,756,781]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1083,1105]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,199,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1061]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pamphilius padus, ♀, holotype (A, D, F, G), ♂, paratype, Kaishan Laodian (B, E) and ♀, paratype, Kaishan Laodian (C). A, B, Dorsal view; C, sawsheath, lateral view; D, E, head, dorsofrontal view; F, left mandible; G, right mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266185/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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A). Length about
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<quantity id="4CB09B3CFFF8FFE1851FFD795E12FCC2" box="[788,869,756,780]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
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. Head pale yellow, with large black mark covering most of dorsal surface (
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<figureCitation id="13732A5CFFF8FFE187A9FC9A5C92FCFE" box="[418,485,791,816]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1083,1105]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,199,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1061]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pamphilius padus, ♀, holotype (A, D, F, G), ♂, paratype, Kaishan Laodian (B, E) and ♀, paratype, Kaishan Laodian (C). A, B, Dorsal view; C, sawsheath, lateral view; D, E, head, dorsofrontal view; F, left mandible; G, right mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266185/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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D); occiput with black mark dorsally. Mouth parts pale yellow; mandible with inner margin black, apical part brown and edge ferruginous. Antennal scape pale yellow, with inner upper surface largely black; pedicel and flagellum brown, becoming blackish apically. Thorax black, with following pale yellow: broad posterior margin (medially interrupted) and lateral surface of pronotum, ventral half of cervical sclerite, tegula, posterior 1/2 of mesoscutal median lobe, large rectangular spot in posterior part of mesoscutal lateral lobe (adjacent to mesoscutellum), mesoscutellum, almost all of mesepisternum (pectus marked with black), mesepimeron (except for narrow anterior and ventral margins), metascutellum, most of metepisternum, and metepimeron (except for narrow anterior and ventral margins). Wings faintly stained with blackish brown; veins blackish brown, except for pale brown veins C and Sc and part of veins in basal part of forewing; stigma pale brown, with anterior and posterior margins blackish. Legs pale yellow, with very narrow coxal bases black. Abdomen black above and pale yellow beneath; dorsum with very narrow lateral margins of all segments, posterior margin of 8th tergum and more posterior segments pale yellow; 2nd to 5th segments (except for narrow lateral black parts) orange.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF736D9FFF8FFE186CCFB4A5D94F9A2" blockId="8.[151,1437,756,1969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
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Head with eyes comparatively small (
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<figureCitation id="13732A5CFFF8FFE18464FB4A5FC6FB2E" box="[623,689,1223,1248]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1083,1105]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,199,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1061]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pamphilius padus, ♀, holotype (A, D, F, G), ♂, paratype, Kaishan Laodian (B, E) and ♀, paratype, Kaishan Laodian (C). A, B, Dorsal view; C, sawsheath, lateral view; D, E, head, dorsofrontal view; F, left mandible; G, right mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266185/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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D). Upper frons below ocelli weakly convex, triangularly raised in posterodorsal view, without distinct notch medially; ocellar basin shallow, indistinct; median fovea indistinct; clypeus with anterior margin weakly roundly convex medially; rounded crest between antennae; facial crest moderately inflated and bluntly carinate. Head densely covered with large, deep punctures and golden hairs, narrow interspaces very weakly coriaceous, shiny; transverse area between dorsal parts of eyes, including upper part of frons, ocellar area and facial crests, particularly densely and coarsely punctate, almost reticulate; clypeus and posterior median part of postocellar area rather sparsely punctate, with broad weakly coriaceous interspaces. Right mandible (
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<figureCitation id="13732A5CFFF8FFE18758FA495CE2FA13" box="[339,405,1476,1501]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1083,1105]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,199,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1061]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pamphilius padus, ♀, holotype (A, D, F, G), ♂, paratype, Kaishan Laodian (B, E) and ♀, paratype, Kaishan Laodian (C). A, B, Dorsal view; C, sawsheath, lateral view; D, E, head, dorsofrontal view; F, left mandible; G, right mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266185/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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G) tridentate, basal tooth with large shoulder, with incision between apical and median teeth wider and much shallower than incision between median and basal teeth; left one (
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<figureCitation id="13732A5CFFF8FFE18248FA6A59F1F9CE" box="[1091,1158,1511,1536]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1083,1105]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,199,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1061]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pamphilius padus, ♀, holotype (A, D, F, G), ♂, paratype, Kaishan Laodian (B, E) and ♀, paratype, Kaishan Laodian (C). A, B, Dorsal view; C, sawsheath, lateral view; D, E, head, dorsofrontal view; F, left mandible; G, right mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266185/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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F) tridentate, with rather high median tooth. Antenna with 20 antennomeres; 1st flagellomere about 2.7× length of 2nd. Cell C of forewing entirely glabrous. Sawsheath (
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<figureCitation id="13732A5CFFF8FFE187F8F9A25F4FF986" box="[499,568,1583,1608]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1083,1105]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,199,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1061]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pamphilius padus, ♀, holotype (A, D, F, G), ♂, paratype, Kaishan Laodian (B, E) and ♀, paratype, Kaishan Laodian (C). A, B, Dorsal view; C, sawsheath, lateral view; D, E, head, dorsofrontal view; F, left mandible; G, right mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266185/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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C) with appendage basally very thick and apically thin, directing upwards, setose.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF736D9FFF8FFE186CCF9FA5965F87F" blockId="8.[151,1437,756,1969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
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<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFF8FFE186CCF9FA5C7CF95E" bold="true" box="[199,267,1655,1680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Male.</emphasis>
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Paratopotype (
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<figureCitation id="13732A5CFFF8FFE187BDF9FA5C8CF95E" box="[438,507,1655,1680]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1083,1105]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,199,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1061]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pamphilius padus, ♀, holotype (A, D, F, G), ♂, paratype, Kaishan Laodian (B, E) and ♀, paratype, Kaishan Laodian (C). A, B, Dorsal view; C, sawsheath, lateral view; D, E, head, dorsofrontal view; F, left mandible; G, right mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266185/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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B). Length about
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<quantity id="4CB09B3CFFF8FFE184C8F9FA5E6AF95E" box="[707,797,1655,1680]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 mm</quantity>
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. Head pale yellow, with large black mark covering most of dorsal surface (
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<figureCitation id="13732A5CFFF8FFE18763F9115CDBF97B" box="[360,428,1692,1717]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1083,1105]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,199,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1061]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pamphilius padus, ♀, holotype (A, D, F, G), ♂, paratype, Kaishan Laodian (B, E) and ♀, paratype, Kaishan Laodian (C). A, B, Dorsal view; C, sawsheath, lateral view; D, E, head, dorsofrontal view; F, left mandible; G, right mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266185/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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E); occiput mostly black. Mouth parts pale yellow; mandible with inner half of anterior surface and most of posterior surface black, apical part brown and edge ferruginous. Antennal scape pale yellow, with inner upper surface largely black; pedicel brown with blackish spot above; flagellum brown, becoming blackish apically. Thorax black, with following pale yellow: lateral surface of pronotum, ventral half of cervical sclerite, tegula, posterior half of mesoscutal median lobe, mesoscutellum, almost all of mesepisternum, dorsal part of mesepimeron, metascutellum, most of metepisternum, and dorsal part of metepimeron. Wings and legs as in female. Abdomen black above and pale yellow beneath; dorsum with very narrow lateral margins of all segments pale yellow; 2nd to 5th segments (except for narrow lateral black parts) orange.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF376651FFF9FFE0869CFBB658E2FBBE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266185/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" targetBox="[159,1427,199,1056]" targetPageId="9">
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<paragraph id="8BF736D9FFF9FFE0869CFBB658E2FBBE" blockId="9.[151,1436,1083,1136]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
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<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFF9FFE0869CFBB65C61FB9E" bold="true" box="[151,278,1083,1105]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D5AFFF9FFE0872BFBB65CAFFB9F" box="[288,472,1083,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Pamphilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="padus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFF9FFE0872BFBB65CAFFB9F" box="[288,472,1083,1105]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Pamphilius padus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, ♀, holotype (A, D, F, G), ♂, paratype, Kaishan Laodian (B, E) and ♀, paratype, Kaishan Laodian (C). A, B, Dorsal view; C, sawsheath, lateral view; D, E, head, dorsofrontal view; F, left mandible; G, right mandible.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BF736D9FFF9FFE086CCFB1A5DDBFB36" blockId="9.[151,1437,1175,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
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Structure generally similar to that of female. Antenna with 19 antennomeres, with 1st flagellomere about 2.5× length of 2nd. Subgenital plate with posterior margin medially produced and rounded at apex. Genitalia as in
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<figureCitation id="13732A5CFFF9FFE0837BFB365DDFFB36" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1038,1060]" captionTargetBox="[154,1430,197,1015]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1017]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pamphilius padus, ♂ genitalia, paratype, Kaishan Laodian. A, Dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, penis valve, lateral view (right dorsal)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266186/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF736D9FFF9FFE086CCFA8E58E4FA62" blockId="9.[151,1437,1175,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
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<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFF9FFE086CCFA8E5C67FAD2" bold="true" box="[199,272,1283,1308]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Larva</emphasis>
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.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFF9FFE08716FA895CE1FAD5" box="[285,406,1284,1307]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Late instar</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A5CFFF9FFE087AEFA8E5C9FFAD5" box="[421,488,1283,1308]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1881,1903]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,421,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,411,1860]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pamphilius padus, egg (A), remains of egg shells and leaf-rolls (B – D) and larvae (E – H). A, An egg on a leaf of Padus obtusata, April 9; B, same leaf with a leaf roll made by a young larva and remains of an egg shell, April 11; C, same leaf, April 16; D, two leaf-rolls and remains of two egg shells on one leaf, April 16; E, late instar larva, April 27; F, mature larva, April 29; G, mature larva, April 29; H, late instar larva, head, April 27. Photographs taken in Kaishan Laodian (A – D) and in the laboratory (E – H) in 2014 by A. Shinohara." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266187/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
E): About
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B3CFFF9FFE08457FA8E5FDBFAD5" box="[604,684,1283,1307]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
, head dark chocolate brown with large creamy white area including frons (except for very large median black spot) and area surrounding dorsal margin of frons (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A5CFFF9FFE08295FAAA5997FAF1" box="[1182,1248,1319,1344]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1881,1903]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,421,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,411,1860]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pamphilius padus, egg (A), remains of egg shells and leaf-rolls (B – D) and larvae (E – H). A, An egg on a leaf of Padus obtusata, April 9; B, same leaf with a leaf roll made by a young larva and remains of an egg shell, April 11; C, same leaf, April 16; D, two leaf-rolls and remains of two egg shells on one leaf, April 16; E, late instar larva, April 27; F, mature larva, April 29; G, mature larva, April 29; H, late instar larva, head, April 27. Photographs taken in Kaishan Laodian (A – D) and in the laboratory (E – H) in 2014 by A. Shinohara." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266187/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
H); antenna light brown; trunk greenish white; prothorax with very large dorsal spot black; cervical sclerite black; thoracic legs and subanal appendage whitish.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFF9FFE087DCFAFD5F94FA48" box="[471,739,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Mature larva (prepupa)</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A5CFFF9FFE084FFFAE25E40FA49" box="[756,823,1391,1416]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1881,1903]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,421,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,411,1860]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pamphilius padus, egg (A), remains of egg shells and leaf-rolls (B – D) and larvae (E – H). A, An egg on a leaf of Padus obtusata, April 9; B, same leaf with a leaf roll made by a young larva and remains of an egg shell, April 11; C, same leaf, April 16; D, two leaf-rolls and remains of two egg shells on one leaf, April 16; E, late instar larva, April 27; F, mature larva, April 29; G, mature larva, April 29; H, late instar larva, head, April 27. Photographs taken in Kaishan Laodian (A – D) and in the laboratory (E – H) in 2014 by A. Shinohara." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266187/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
F, G): About
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B3CFFF9FFE085DAFAE25953FA49" box="[977,1060,1391,1415]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
|
||
, similar to late instar; trunk light green, with lateral and posterior margins very slightly yellowish; thoracic legs and subanal appendage light green.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D9FFF9FFE086CCFA3A5E08F9AE" blockId="9.[151,1437,1175,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFF9FFE086CCFA3A5C4CFA1E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1463,1488]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFF9FFE0874DFA3A5CEDFA01" box="[326,410,1463,1487]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Female</emphasis>
|
||
: Length ranges from 9.0 to
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B3CFFF9FFE084D1FA3A5E5BFA01" box="[730,812,1463,1487]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The extent of the black areas on the head shows some variation. The antennae of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4EFD50FFF9FFE087C9FA565F2DFA3A" box="[450,602,1499,1524]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
measured have 19 to 22 antennomeres, with the 1st flagellomere about 2.6 to 2.9 times as long as the 2nd.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFF9FFE08418FA725F3AF9D9" box="[531,589,1535,1559]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Male</emphasis>
|
||
: Length ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B3CFFF9FFE08546FA725972F9D9" box="[845,1029,1535,1560]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="8.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="10.5" valueMin="8.5">8.5 to 10.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The blackish spot on the antennal pedicel often becomes obsolete or missing. The antennae of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4EFD50FFF9FFE0854FF9AE5EAAF9F2" box="[836,989,1571,1596]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
measured have 18 to 20 antennomeres, with the 1st flagellomere about 2.4 to 2.7 times as long as the 2nd.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3526552FFF9FFE086CCF9E65991F825" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D9FFF9FFE086CCF9E65991F825" blockId="9.[151,1437,1175,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFF9FFE086CCF9E65CB3F94A" bold="true" box="[199,452,1643,1668]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Specimens examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F3887BFFF9FFE087DDF9E65F34F94A" box="[470,579,1643,1668]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: ♀, “[
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7649FFF9FFE08480F9E65F9BF94D" box="[651,748,1643,1667]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">CHINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Zhejiang], Kaishan Laodian,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7C501EFFF9FFE08259F9E659C5F94D" box="[1106,1202,1643,1667]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" precision="925" value="30.333334">N30°20’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7C501EFFF9FFE082B4F9E6585BF94A" box="[1215,1324,1643,1668]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" precision="925" value="119.433334">E119°26’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B3CFFF9FFE08337F9E658EFF94D" box="[1340,1432,1643,1668]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" unit="m" value="1150.0">1150 m</quantity>
|
||
, Tianmushan,
|
||
<date id="FFF61019FFF9FFE08724F9025CCAF969" box="[303,445,1679,1703]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" value="2014-04-10">10. IV. 2014</date>
|
||
, A. Shinohara” (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED59AE1CFFF9FFE08471F9025FB3F969" box="[634,708,1679,1703]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">CSCS</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F3887BFFF9FFE084DCF91D5E3FF966" box="[727,840,1680,1704]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFF9FFE0855FF902594EF966" bold="true" box="[852,1081,1679,1704]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Zhejiang Province:</emphasis>
|
||
1♀, Kaishan Laodian,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B3CFFF9FFE0834BF90258E0F969" box="[1344,1431,1679,1704]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" unit="m" value="1150.0">1150 m</quantity>
|
||
, Tianmushan,
|
||
<date id="FFF61019FFF9FFE08725F93E5CD9F905" box="[302,430,1715,1739]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" value="2014-04-08">8. IV. 2014</date>
|
||
, A. Shinohara (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED59AE1CFFF9FFE08456F93E5FC6F905" box="[605,689,1715,1739]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">NSMT</collectionCode>
|
||
); 5♀
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4EFD50FFF9FFE084EFF93E5E7BF902" box="[740,780,1715,1740]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="generic">3♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<date id="FFF61019FFF9FFE085B1F93E5940F905" box="[954,1079,1715,1739]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" value="2014-04-09">9. IV. 2014</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED59AE1CFFF9FFE0824DF93E59EDF905" box="[1094,1178,1715,1739]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">NSMT</collectionCode>
|
||
); 2♀
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4EFD50FFF9FFE082C4F93E5982F905" box="[1231,1269,1715,1739]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="generic">3♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<date id="FFF61019FFF9FFE0869CF95A5C54F921" box="[151,291,1751,1775]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" value="2014-04-10">10. IV. 2014</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED59AE1CFFF9FFE08738F95A5CF0F921" box="[307,391,1751,1775]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">NSMT</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1♀
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4EFD50FFF9FFE087B1F95A5C95F921" box="[442,482,1751,1775]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<date id="FFF61019FFF9FFE0849FF95A5E68F921" box="[660,799,1751,1775]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" value="2014-04-11">11. IV. 2014</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED59AE1CFFF9FFE08524F95A5EF4F921" box="[815,899,1751,1775]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">NSMT</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1♀, same data but
|
||
<date id="FFF61019FFF9FFE08265F95A598DF921" box="[1134,1274,1751,1775]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" value="2014-04-14">14. IV. 2014</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED59AE1CFFF9FFE08301F95A5829F921" box="[1290,1374,1751,1775]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">NSMT</collectionCode>
|
||
); 2♀, same data but
|
||
<date id="FFF61019FFF9FFE08734F9765CB9F8DD" box="[319,462,1787,1812]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" value="2014-04-15">15. IV. 2014</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED59AE1CFFF9FFE087D4F9765F44F8DD" box="[479,563,1787,1811]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">NSMT</collectionCode>
|
||
); 16♀
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4EFD50FFF9FFE08473F9765FE9F8DA" box="[632,670,1787,1812]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="generic">3♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<date id="FFF61019FFF9FFE0855EF9765EA1F8DA" box="[853,982,1787,1812]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" value="2015-04-04">4. IV. 2015</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED59AE1CFFF9FFE085ECF976594CF8DD" box="[999,1083,1787,1811]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">NSMT</collectionCode>
|
||
); 15♀
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4EFD50FFF9FFE08274F97659D1F8DA" box="[1151,1190,1787,1812]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="generic">9♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<date id="FFF61019FFF9FFE08356F9765DB8F8F6" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" value="2015-04-05">5. IV. 2015</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED59AE1CFFF9FFE086E9F8925C41F8F9" box="[226,310,1823,1847]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">NSMT</collectionCode>
|
||
); 3♀
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4EFD50FFF9FFE08766F8925CE3F8F9" box="[365,404,1823,1847]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="generic">3♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<date id="FFF61019FFF9FFE0845AF8925F96F8F6" box="[593,737,1823,1848]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" value="2015-04-11">11. IV. 2015</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED59AE1CFFF9FFE084FFF8925E3FF8F9" box="[756,840,1823,1847]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">NSMT</collectionCode>
|
||
); 3♀
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4EFD50FFF9FFE08575F8925ED1F8F6" box="[894,934,1823,1848]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="generic">5♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<date id="FFF61019FFF9FFE08268F8925983F8F6" box="[1123,1268,1823,1848]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" value="2015-04-12">12. IV. 2015</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED59AE1CFFF9FFE0830CF892582CF8F9" box="[1287,1371,1823,1847]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">NSMT</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4EFD50FFF9FFE08379F89258E0F8F9" box="[1394,1431,1823,1847]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, Kaishan Laodian,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B3CFFF9FFE0876DF8CE5CCAF895" box="[358,445,1859,1883]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.142" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" unit="m" value="1142.0">1142 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7C501EFFF9FFE087C1F8CE5F2AF892" box="[458,605,1859,1884]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" precision="15" value="119.43472">E119°26’05”</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7C501EFFF9FFE0846EF8CE5F87F895" box="[613,752,1859,1883]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" precision="15" value="30.3425">N30°20’33”</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Tianmushan,
|
||
<date id="FFF61019FFF9FFE0859DF8CE5951F895" box="[918,1062,1859,1883]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" value="2014-04-10">10. IV. 2014</date>
|
||
, H.-Y. Nie & P. Hu (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED59AE1CFFF9FFE08318F8CE582AF895" box="[1299,1373,1859,1883]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">CSCS</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1♀, same data but T. Liu & X.-J. Yu (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED59AE1CFFF9FFE0840DF8EA5F27F8B1" box="[518,592,1895,1919]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">CSCS</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1♀, same locality,
|
||
<date id="FFF61019FFF9FFE08539F8EA5EC9F8B1" box="[818,958,1895,1919]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" value="2014-04-14">14. IV. 2014</date>
|
||
, H.-Y. Nie & P. Hu (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED59AE1CFFF9FFE082ABF8EA599DF8B1" box="[1184,1258,1895,1919]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">CSCS</collectionCode>
|
||
); 2♀, same data but T. Liu & X.-J. Yu (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED59AE1CFFF9FFE08794F8065C9EF86D" box="[415,489,1931,1955]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">CSCS</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFF9FFE087F5F8065E49F86D" box="[510,830,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Material for molecular data</emphasis>
|
||
: 2♀, Kaishan Laodian,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B3CFFF9FFE0825AF80659DEF86D" box="[1105,1193,1931,1956]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" unit="m" value="1150.0">1150 m</quantity>
|
||
, Tianmushan,
|
||
<date id="FFF61019FFF9FFE0835BF8065DA5F809" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" value="2014-04-10">10. IV. 2014</date>
|
||
, A. Shinohara (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED59AE1CFFF9FFE08783F8225CABF809" box="[392,476,1967,1991]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">NSMT</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4EFD50FFF9FFE087F8F8225F60F809" box="[499,535,1967,1991]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<date id="FFF61019FFF9FFE084DBF8225E25F809" box="[720,850,1967,1991]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" value="2014-04-09">9. IV. 2014</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED59AE1CFFF9FFE0856FF8225ECFF809" box="[868,952,1967,1991]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">NSMT</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4EFD50FFF9FFE085C5F822595AF806" box="[974,1069,1967,1992]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="larva">5 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
, same locality, larvae on
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFF9FFE0835DF8225D8FF825" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D5AFFF9FFE0835DF82258EBF809" box="[1366,1436,1967,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Pamphilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="padus">Padus</taxonomicName>
|
||
obtusata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
collected
|
||
<date id="FFF61019FFF9FFE08761F85E5C80F825" box="[362,503,2003,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" value="2014-04-16">16. IV. 2014</date>
|
||
, matured and fixed in ethanol
|
||
<date id="FFF61019FFF9FFE08540F85E5EAFF825" box="[843,984,2003,2027]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" value="2014-04-27">27. IV. 2014</date>
|
||
, A. Shinohara (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED59AE1CFFF9FFE0828DF85E59ADF825" box="[1158,1242,2003,2027]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">NSMT</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF376651FFFAFFE3869CFB835C2DFB8C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266186/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" targetBox="[154,1430,197,1015]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D9FFFAFFE3869CFB835C2DFB8C" blockId="10.[151,1435,1038,1090]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFFAFFE3869CFB835C65FBED" bold="true" box="[151,274,1038,1060]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D5AFFFAFFE38713FB835CB9FBEA" box="[280,462,1038,1060]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Pamphilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="padus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFFAFFE38713FB835CB9FBEA" box="[280,462,1038,1060]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Pamphilius padus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♂ genitalia, paratype, Kaishan Laodian. A, Dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, penis valve, lateral view (right dorsal).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3526552FFFAFFE386CCFBE25F58FB46" box="[199,559,1135,1160]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D9FFFAFFE386CCFBE25F58FB46" blockId="10.[151,1437,1135,2024]" box="[199,559,1135,1160]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFFAFFE386CCFBE25C2EFB46" bold="true" box="[199,345,1135,1160]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7649FFFAFFE3876CFBE25CDDFB46" box="[359,426,1135,1160]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Zhejiang).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3526552FFFAFFE386CCFB1E5FE5FA02" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D9FFFAFFE386CCFB1E5979FB62" blockId="10.[151,1437,1135,2024]" box="[199,1038,1171,1196]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFFAFFE386CCFB1E5C31FB62" bold="true" box="[199,326,1171,1196]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The specific epithet refers to the genus name of the host plant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D9FFFAFFE386CCFB3A5E6AFB1E" blockId="10.[151,1437,1135,2024]" box="[199,797,1207,1232]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFFAFFE386CCFB3A5C33FB1E" bold="true" box="[199,324,1207,1232]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Host plant</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D5AFFFAFFE38759FB355CB7FB01" box="[338,448,1208,1231]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFFAFFE387C0FB3A5F0FFB01" box="[459,632,1207,1231]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D5AFFFAFFE387C0FB3A5F66FB01" box="[459,529,1207,1231]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Pamphilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="padus">Padus</taxonomicName>
|
||
obtusata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Pursh) Lindl.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D9FFFAFFE386CCFB565FE5FA02" blockId="10.[151,1437,1135,2024]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFFAFFE386CCFB565CD6FB3A" bold="true" box="[199,417,1243,1268]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Field observations</emphasis>
|
||
. In April, 2014, Shinohara found adults, eggs and larvae on the leaves of
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFFAFFE382D8FB515808FB3A" box="[1235,1407,1244,1268]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D5AFFFAFFE382D8FB51586EFB3A" box="[1235,1305,1244,1268]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Pamphilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="padus">Padus</taxonomicName>
|
||
obtusata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in Kaishan Laodian at an altitude of 1155 meters. Only one egg (rarely two eggs) was found on the underside of a leaf, near the branching point of the lateral vein from the main vein (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A5CFFFAFFE38567FAAE5EC7FAF2" box="[876,944,1315,1340]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1881,1903]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,421,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,411,1860]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pamphilius padus, egg (A), remains of egg shells and leaf-rolls (B – D) and larvae (E – H). A, An egg on a leaf of Padus obtusata, April 9; B, same leaf with a leaf roll made by a young larva and remains of an egg shell, April 11; C, same leaf, April 16; D, two leaf-rolls and remains of two egg shells on one leaf, April 16; E, late instar larva, April 27; F, mature larva, April 29; G, mature larva, April 29; H, late instar larva, head, April 27. Photographs taken in Kaishan Laodian (A – D) and in the laboratory (E – H) in 2014 by A. Shinohara." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266187/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A–D). The larva solitarily makes a leaf-roll on the underside of a leaf. Shinohara found numerous eggs but no larvae on
|
||
<date id="FFF61019FFFAFFE385F7FACA5923FAAE" box="[1020,1108,1351,1376]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">April 9.</date>
|
||
Some very small larval rolls were first found on
|
||
<date id="FFF61019FFFAFFE3878AFAE65C94FA4A" box="[385,483,1387,1412]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" value="2010-04">April 10</date>
|
||
and more and more larvae were found thereafter. On
|
||
<date id="FFF61019FFFAFFE38255FAE659B5FA4A" box="[1118,1218,1387,1412]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" value="1916-04">April 16</date>
|
||
, some larvae were collected and reared in the laboratory. Eleven larvae matured on
|
||
<date id="FFF61019FFFAFFE38562FA025EBDFA66" box="[873,970,1423,1448]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" value="1927-04">April 27</date>
|
||
, eleven larvae on
|
||
<date id="FFF61019FFFAFFE38298FA1D59ABFA66" box="[1171,1244,1424,1448]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">May 1</date>
|
||
and one larva on
|
||
<date id="FFF61019FFFAFFE3869CFA395D96FA02" box="[151,225,1459,1484]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">May 5</date>
|
||
, and all of them were fixed in ethanol.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3526552FFFAFFE286CCFA5A59E0FEAB" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="312" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D9FFFAFFE386CCFA5A596BF86E" blockId="10.[151,1437,1135,2024]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFFAFFE386CCFA5A5C43FA3E" bold="true" box="[199,308,1495,1520]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. This new species is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D5AFFFAFFE384AAFA555872FA3E" authority="Shinohara, 2012 (Shinohara & Wei 2012)" authorityName="Shinohara, 2012 (Shinohara & Wei" authorityYear="2012" box="[673,1285,1495,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Pamphilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiaoweii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFFAFFE384AAFA555E6AFA21" box="[673,797,1496,1519]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">P. xiaoweii</emphasis>
|
||
Shinohara, 2012 (Shinohara & Wei 2012)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Hunan Province,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7649FFFAFFE3871BFA765C21F9DA" box="[272,342,1531,1556]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in having the heavily punctured head with comparatively small eyes, the tridentate right mandible, and the long 1st flagellomere.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D5AFFFAFFE38463F9925E44F9F9" box="[616,819,1567,1591]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Pamphilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="padus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFFAFFE38463F9925E44F9F9" box="[616,819,1567,1591]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Pamphilius padus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a smaller species (length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B3CFFFAFFE3827DF9AD598EF9F9" box="[1142,1273,1568,1592]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="9.0">9 to 11 mm</quantity>
|
||
in the female,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B3CFFFAFFE3869CF9CE5C31F995" box="[151,326,1603,1628]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="8.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="10.5" valueMin="8.5">8.5 to 10.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in the male) and has the antennal flagellum brown, the 1st flagellomere about 2.6 to 2.9 times as long as the 2nd in the female and 2.4 to 2.7 times as long as the 2nd in the male, the stigma mostly pale brown, and the 2nd to 5th abdominal terga (except for narrow lateral black parts) orange.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D5AFFFAFFE385F5F9015993F96D" box="[1022,1252,1676,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Pamphilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiaoweii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFFAFFE385F5F9015993F96D" box="[1022,1252,1676,1700]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Pamphilius xiaoweii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is larger (length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B3CFFFAFFE3869CF9225C4FF909" box="[151,312,1711,1736]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.175" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.15" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="11.75" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="11.5">11.5 to 12 mm</quantity>
|
||
in female,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B3CFFFAFFE387BEF93D5F35F909" box="[437,578,1712,1736]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="10.0">10 to 11 mm</quantity>
|
||
in male) and has the antennal flagellum black, the 1st flagellomere about 2.3 to 2.4 times as long as the 2nd in the female and 2.1 to 2.4 times as long as the 2nd in the male, the stigma blackish brown, and the 2nd to 5th abdominal terga (except for narrow lateral margins) black, without orange areas.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D5AFFFAFFE3869CF8915F81F8FA" authority="Shinohara, Dong & Naito, 1998" authorityName="Shinohara, Dong & Naito" authorityYear="1998" box="[151,758,1819,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Pamphilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFFAFFE3869CF8915C0EF8FD" box="[151,377,1820,1844]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Pamphilius sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B28FFFAFFE38789F8965F81F8FA" author="Shinohara" box="[386,758,1819,1844]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" refString="Shinohara, A., Dong, D. & Naito, T. (1998) Pamphilius tibetanus (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae) and its close relatives. Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, Matsuyama, 4, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1998">Shinohara, Dong & Naito, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Shaanxi and Yunnan provinces,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7649FFFAFFE382BDF896598CF8FA" box="[1206,1275,1819,1844]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, has a similar color pattern and the structure of the head, but the female is much larger (length about
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B3CFFFAFFE3825CF8B259C9F896" box="[1111,1214,1855,1880]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="13.5">13.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
), the antennal scape is entirely black, the 1st flagellomere is about 1.7 to 2.3 times as long as the 2nd, and the sawsheath appendage is small (see fig. 7G in Shinohara
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFFAFFE387F1F8055F5DF851" box="[506,554,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1998). The male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D5AFFFAFFE3851CF8055EFCF851" box="[791,907,1928,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Pamphilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFFAFFE3851CF8055EFCF851" box="[791,907,1928,1951]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">P. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D9FFFAFFE286CCF8215939FED2" blockId="10.[151,1437,1135,2024]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="312" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
|
||
Two similar species are known to feed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D5AFFFAFFE384AEF8215F9CF80A" box="[677,747,1964,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Pamphilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="padus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFFAFFE384AEF8215F9CF80A" box="[677,747,1964,1988]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Padus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D5AFFFAFFE384F1F8215922F80A" authority="Thomson, 1871" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1871" box="[762,1109,1963,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Pamphilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albopictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFFAFFE384F1F8215EFCF80A" box="[762,907,1964,1988]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">P. albopictus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B28FFFAFFE38591F826593AF80A" author="Thomson" box="[922,1101,1963,1988]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1871) Hymenoptera Scandinaviae, Tom. 1. (Tenthredo et Sirex Lin.). H. Olsson, Lundae, 342 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9332" type="book" year="1871">Thomson, 1871</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
distributed in the huge areas from Europe to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7649FFFAFFE3875AF85C5CE1F826" box="[337,406,2001,2024]" name="South Korea" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D5AFFFAFFE387DAF85C5E38F826" authority="Takeuchi, 1930" authorityName="Takeuchi" authorityYear="1930" box="[465,847,1999,2024]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Pamphilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamikochensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFFAFFE387DAF85C5FE4F826" box="[465,659,2000,2024]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">P. kamikochensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B28FFFAFFE38496F8425E38F826" author="Takeuchi" box="[669,847,1999,2024]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" refString="Takeuchi, K. (1930) A revisional list of the Japanese Pamphiliidae, with description of nine new species. Transactions of the Kansai Entomological Society, Osaka, 1, 3 - 16." type="journal article" year="1930">Takeuchi, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7649FFFAFFE38596F85C5EAAF826" box="[925,989,2001,2024]" name="Japan" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Shinohara 1998). These two northern species are distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D5AFFFBFFE287FFFF145F24FF7E" box="[500,595,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Pamphilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="padus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFFBFFE287FFFF145F24FF7E" box="[500,595,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">P. padus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the mostly black frons and paraantennal field in the female, shorter 1st flagellomere (1.8 to 2.6 as long as the 2nd in the female and 1.7 to 2.3 times in the male) and the pilose cell C in the forewing. The male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D5AFFFBFFE2840CFF6C5F10FF36" box="[519,615,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Pamphilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="padus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFFBFFE2840CFF6C5F10FF36" box="[519,615,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">P. padus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A5CFFFBFFE2847CFF525FCAFF36" box="[631,701,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1038,1060]" captionTargetBox="[154,1430,197,1015]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1017]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pamphilius padus, ♂ genitalia, paratype, Kaishan Laodian. A, Dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, penis valve, lateral view (right dorsal)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266186/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
), particularly the penis valve, are very different from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D5AFFFBFFE2838CFF6C5C4DFED2" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Pamphilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamikochensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFFBFFE2838CFF6C5C4DFED2" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">P. kamikochensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(figs 9, 10 in Shinohara 1998; the male is unknown for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D5AFFFBFFE285A6FE885949FED2" box="[941,1086,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Pamphilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albopictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFFBFFE285A6FE885949FED2" box="[941,1086,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">P. albopictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D9FFFBFFE286CCFEAA59E0FEAB" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">
|
||
The CO1 sequences of five larvae feeding on
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFFBFFE284D9FEA55EF6FE8E" box="[722,897,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D5AFFFBFFE284D9FEA55E6FFE8E" box="[722,792,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Pamphilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="padus">Padus</taxonomicName>
|
||
obtusata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and three adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D5AFFFBFFE2826FFEA459B3FE8E" box="[1124,1220,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Pamphiliidae" genus="Pamphilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="padus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEACBFFFBFFE2826FFEA459B3FE8E" box="[1124,1220,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">P. padus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
all collected at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F3887BFFFBFFE2869CFEC05DB0FEAB" box="[151,199,333,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality agreed (Kiyoshi, personal communication) and they are doubtless conspecific.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |