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<document id="560C7D9C22A2F1B3D540176482612C7D" ID-CLB-Dataset="5932" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4981.1.10" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5b022bf8-0373-4eca-b381-07f4f0f43478" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4897506" ID-ZooBank="66C49072-2A0E-4DD4-A440-F156ADD8F639" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1622728439223" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Forcellini, Maxence" docDate="2021" docId="03E187CDFFA0FFBC77AF3D0B4A15F8CC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4981.1.10.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4981 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Leptocerina pauliani" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="179" masterDocId="FFD8FFB5FFA1FFBE77383A4B4823FFBD" masterDocTitle="A Revised Description of the Larva of Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957) (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae), an Endemic Species of La Réunion Island" masterLastPageNumber="187" masterPageNumber="177" pageNumber="178" updateTime="1698999328146" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="9260A716A8AAFF0A934B035964CBD3E3">A Revised Description of the Larva of Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957) (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae), an Endemic Species of La Réunion Island</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A58A27EBC7AA5B74FAA947F003C1DBE0">Forcellini, Maxence</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="F6582F3484F03178EDC548459FA47A43">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="1E257B487B4D406959172CCC5D7F9225" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4981.1.10</mods:identifier>
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<subSection id="E2C72F30FFA0FFBC77AF3D0B4A15F8CC" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="1" pageNumber="178" type="multiple">
<treatment id="03E187CDFFA0FFBC77AF3D0B4A15F8CC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042570" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183217558" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5042570" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187CDFFA0FFBC77AF3D0B4A15F8CC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E187CDFFA0FFBC77AF3D0B4A15F8CC" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="1" pageNumber="178">
<subSubSection id="C3526550FFA0FFBF77AF3D0B4A37F8E6" box="[151,532,1856,1883]" pageId="1" pageNumber="178" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF736DBFFA0FFBF77AF3D0B4A37F8E6" blockId="1.[151,532,1856,1883]" box="[151,532,1856,1883]" pageId="1" pageNumber="178">
<heading id="D0BF81B7FFA0FFBF77AF3D0B4A37F8E6" bold="true" box="[151,532,1856,1883]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="178" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC9FFA0FFBF77AF3D0B4A37F8E6" bold="true" box="[151,532,1856,1883]" pageId="1" pageNumber="178">
Description of last instar
<taxonomicName id="4C484D58FFA0FFBF76EB3D0A4A37F8E6" ID-CoL="3TKYT" baseAuthorityName="Ross" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[467,532,1857,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Leptocerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauliani">larva</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3526550FFA0FFBC77AF3DC34A15F8CC" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="1" pageNumber="178" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF736DBFFA0FFBF77AF3DC34957F856" blockId="1.[151,1437,1928,2027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="178">
The last instar larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C484D58FFA0FFBF76A23DC24A36F81F" baseAuthorityName="Ross" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[410,533,1928,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Leptocerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauliani">
<emphasis id="B93CEAC9FFA0FFBF76A23DC24A36F81F" box="[410,533,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="178">L. pauliani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits a case that is triangular in cross-section, made of three pieces of leaf attached by their longitudinal edges (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA0FFBF751D3DE74AA3F87A" box="[549,640,1964,1991]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-16@3.[165,1423,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957) larva and its case, habitus, right lateral. 2A, last instar larva; 2B, early instar larva." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897514/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="178">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). [Early instars build a cylindrical case made of sand and diverse plant particles (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA0FFBF763D3D9B497CF856" box="[261,351,2000,2027]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-16@3.[165,1423,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957) larva and its case, habitus, right lateral. 2A, last instar larva; 2B, early instar larva." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897514/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="178">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
)].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF736DBFFA3FFBC77FF3ADC4AA4FF0C" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1905]" box="[199,647,150,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">
Body: Last instar larva length ~
<quantity id="4CB09B3EFFA3FFBC75113ADD4AA0FF0C" box="[553,643,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF736DBFFA3FFBC77FF3AF04A9BFDA4" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">
Head: Colouration uniformly brown with light-coloured muscle scars and pale circular areas around eyes (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC72523AF048CFFF44" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 3A–3C, head: 3A, right lateral; 3B, dorsal; 3C, ventral. 3D–3F, thorax (legs removed to improve visibility): 3D, right lateral; 3E, dorsal, black arrows highlighting pair of long setae on each side of dorsal abdominal hump; 3F, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897516/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Figs 3A–3C</figureCitation>
). Head elongate, tapering anteriorly, with antennae longer that half of width of frontoclypeal apotome, but not extending beyond anterior edge of labrum (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC75853B484B6DFEA0" box="[701,846,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 3A–3C, head: 3A, right lateral; 3B, dorsal; 3C, ventral. 3D–3F, thorax (legs removed to improve visibility): 3D, right lateral; 3E, dorsal, black arrows highlighting pair of long setae on each side of dorsal abdominal hump; 3F, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897516/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Figs 3B, 3C</figureCitation>
). Fronto-clypeal apotome narrowly triangular, constricted near mid-length, with pointed posterior apex joining short, asymmetrically curved coronal suture, convex to left (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC77D03B004963FED8" box="[232,320,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 3A–3C, head: 3A, right lateral; 3B, dorsal; 3C, ventral. 3D–3F, thorax (legs removed to improve visibility): 3D, right lateral; 3E, dorsal, black arrows highlighting pair of long setae on each side of dorsal abdominal hump; 3F, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897516/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Eyes large, dark, simple, surrounded by large, pale, circular areas (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC73053B004CEAFED8" box="[1085,1225,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 3A–3C, head: 3A, right lateral; 3B, dorsal; 3C, ventral. 3D–3F, thorax (legs removed to improve visibility): 3D, right lateral; 3E, dorsal, black arrows highlighting pair of long setae on each side of dorsal abdominal hump; 3F, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897516/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Figs 3A, 3B</figureCitation>
). Pair of subocular ecdysial lines present on head capsule, running under eyes, horizontally reaching posterior part of head and dividing genae into upper and lower parts (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC75363BD84A45FE10" box="[526,614,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 3A–3C, head: 3A, right lateral; 3B, dorsal; 3C, ventral. 3D–3F, thorax (legs removed to improve visibility): 3D, right lateral; 3E, dorsal, black arrows highlighting pair of long setae on each side of dorsal abdominal hump; 3F, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897516/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Labrum yellowish, rectangular, medially indented on anterior edge (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC72523BD84899FE6C" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 3A–3C, head: 3A, right lateral; 3B, dorsal; 3C, ventral. 3D–3F, thorax (legs removed to improve visibility): 3D, right lateral; 3E, dorsal, black arrows highlighting pair of long setae on each side of dorsal abdominal hump; 3F, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897516/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Figs 3B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC77FF3BFC48CEFE6F" box="[199,237,439,466]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1968,1992]" captionTargetBox="[385,1202,181,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[385,1202,181,1944]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 6A, labrum, dorsal. 6B, 6C, mandibles: 6B, dorsal; 6C, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897531/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">6A</figureCitation>
). Mandibles brown, short, shredder-type; left mandible with median short brush, slightly larger than right mandible (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC76353B9049B5FE4B" box="[269,406,475,502]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1968,1992]" captionTargetBox="[385,1202,181,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[385,1202,181,1944]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 6A, labrum, dorsal. 6B, 6C, mandibles: 6B, dorsal; 6C, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897531/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Figs 6B, 6C</figureCitation>
). Anterior ventral apotome forming pear-shaped elongate triangle nearly reaching posteriorly to two small posterior ventral sclerites (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC756B3BB44A88FDA4" box="[595,683,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 3A–3C, head: 3A, right lateral; 3B, dorsal; 3C, ventral. 3D–3F, thorax (legs removed to improve visibility): 3D, right lateral; 3E, dorsal, black arrows highlighting pair of long setae on each side of dorsal abdominal hump; 3F, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897516/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF736DBFFA3FFBC77FF38684CF4FC3F" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">
Thorax: Pronotum brown, concolorous with head capsule, medially divided and with anterolateral corners delimited by pair of slanting ecdysial lines, each starting from middle of lateral edge to reach submedial one-fifth of anterior edge of respective half sclerite (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC755938204AD3FD38" box="[609,752,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 3A–3C, head: 3A, right lateral; 3B, dorsal; 3C, ventral. 3D–3F, thorax (legs removed to improve visibility): 3D, right lateral; 3E, dorsal, black arrows highlighting pair of long setae on each side of dorsal abdominal hump; 3F, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897516/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Figs 3D, 3E</figureCitation>
). Foretrochantins flat, elongate, and finger-shaped (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC72013820489EFD14" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 3A–3C, head: 3A, right lateral; 3B, dorsal; 3C, ventral. 3D–3F, thorax (legs removed to improve visibility): 3D, right lateral; 3E, dorsal, black arrows highlighting pair of long setae on each side of dorsal abdominal hump; 3F, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897516/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Figs 3A, 3D</figureCitation>
). Sclerotised mesonotum medially divided, yellowish with brownish muscle scars and pair of conspicuous dark mesonotal bars characteristic of
<taxonomicName id="4C484D58FFA3FFBC753A38F84AB3FD70" box="[514,656,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Athripsodini">Athripsodini</taxonomicName>
larvae extending from posterolateral corners to midlength; these mesonotal bars nearly parallel, each branching anteriorly to form fork (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC74B7389C4BC5FD4C" box="[911,998,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 3A–3C, head: 3A, right lateral; 3B, dorsal; 3C, ventral. 3D–3F, thorax (legs removed to improve visibility): 3D, right lateral; 3E, dorsal, black arrows highlighting pair of long setae on each side of dorsal abdominal hump; 3F, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897516/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). Metanotum membranous and bearing pair of setal area 1 (
<emphasis id="B93CEAC9FFA3FFBC764838B049AAFCA9" box="[368,393,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">sa</emphasis>
1) setae submesally (best seen in profile in
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC745A38B04B9EFCA8" box="[866,957,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 3A–3C, head: 3A, right lateral; 3B, dorsal; 3C, ventral. 3D–3F, thorax (legs removed to improve visibility): 3D, right lateral; 3E, dorsal, black arrows highlighting pair of long setae on each side of dorsal abdominal hump; 3F, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897516/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Figs 3D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC74FF38B04BCDFCA8" box="[967,1006,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[151,1437,181,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 4A–4C, left legs, anterior (inner) surfaces: 4A, foreleg (PI); 4B, midleg (PII); 4C, hind leg (PIII). 4D–4F, abdomen: 4D, abdominal segments I-III, right lateral (legs removed to improve visibility); 4E, right lateral hump, right lateral; 4F, metanotum, dorsal [black arrow indicating setal area 3 (SA3); inset = dorsal view of SA3]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897518/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">4D</figureCitation>
); pair of small and ill-defined sclerites, each bearing one long and three small setae, present on setal area 3 (
<emphasis id="B93CEAC9FFA3FFBC74B539544B85FC85" box="[909,934,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">sa</emphasis>
3,
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC74F939544C3AFC84" box="[961,1049,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 3A–3C, head: 3A, right lateral; 3B, dorsal; 3C, ventral. 3D–3F, thorax (legs removed to improve visibility): 3D, right lateral; 3E, dorsal, black arrows highlighting pair of long setae on each side of dorsal abdominal hump; 3F, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897516/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Figs 3E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC731C39544C65FC84" box="[1060,1094,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[151,1437,181,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 4A–4C, left legs, anterior (inner) surfaces: 4A, foreleg (PI); 4B, midleg (PII); 4C, hind leg (PIII). 4D–4F, abdomen: 4D, abdominal segments I-III, right lateral (legs removed to improve visibility); 4E, right lateral hump, right lateral; 4F, metanotum, dorsal [black arrow indicating setal area 3 (SA3); inset = dorsal view of SA3]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897518/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">4F</figureCitation>
). Pair of dark, transverse intersegmental sclerites between mesosternum and metasternum. Metasternum bearing three pairs of setae, two pairs of
<emphasis id="B93CEAC9FFA3FFBC77AF392C4893FC3D" box="[151,176,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">sa</emphasis>
3 setae laterally and one pair of
<emphasis id="B93CEAC9FFA3FFBC752E392C4A0CFC3D" box="[534,559,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">sa</emphasis>
2 seta submesally (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC743C392C4B75FC3C" box="[772,854,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 3A–3C, head: 3A, right lateral; 3B, dorsal; 3C, ventral. 3D–3F, thorax (legs removed to improve visibility): 3D, right lateral; 3E, dorsal, black arrows highlighting pair of long setae on each side of dorsal abdominal hump; 3F, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897516/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
, with right submesal seta broken).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF736DBFFA3FFBC77FF39C049C9FBC0" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">
Forelegs short and stocky; femora broad and with numerous long setae and row of pale strong spine-like setae on ventral margin; these strong setae also present on tibiae and tarsi; tarsal claws simple, short, curved, with prominent basal spine (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC76653998499AFC50" box="[349,441,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[151,1437,181,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 4A–4C, left legs, anterior (inner) surfaces: 4A, foreleg (PI); 4B, midleg (PII); 4C, hind leg (PIII). 4D–4F, abdomen: 4D, abdominal segments I-III, right lateral (legs removed to improve visibility); 4E, right lateral hump, right lateral; 4F, metanotum, dorsal [black arrow indicating setal area 3 (SA3); inset = dorsal view of SA3]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897518/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Midlegs longer than forelegs and also with rows of strong spine-like setae on femora, tibiae, and tarsi, and prominent basal spine on each claw (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC741C39BC4B5EFBAC" box="[804,893,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[151,1437,181,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 4A–4C, left legs, anterior (inner) surfaces: 4A, foreleg (PI); 4B, midleg (PII); 4C, hind leg (PIII). 4D–4F, abdomen: 4D, abdominal segments I-III, right lateral (legs removed to improve visibility); 4E, right lateral hump, right lateral; 4F, metanotum, dorsal [black arrow indicating setal area 3 (SA3); inset = dorsal view of SA3]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897518/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). Hind legs long and projected forward; rows of strong setae present on only tibiae (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC75243E504A51FB88" box="[540,626,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[151,1437,181,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 4A–4C, left legs, anterior (inner) surfaces: 4A, foreleg (PI); 4B, midleg (PII); 4C, hind leg (PIII). 4D–4F, abdomen: 4D, abdominal segments I-III, right lateral (legs removed to improve visibility); 4E, right lateral hump, right lateral; 4F, metanotum, dorsal [black arrow indicating setal area 3 (SA3); inset = dorsal view of SA3]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897518/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
, black arrow) and tarsi; prominent basal spine present on each claw. Hind femora, tibiae, and tarsi each with two rows of dense, long fringes of swimming setae, one row on each of dorsal and ventral margins (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC76BC3E2849FEFBC0" box="[388,477,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[151,1437,181,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 4A–4C, left legs, anterior (inner) surfaces: 4A, foreleg (PI); 4B, midleg (PII); 4C, hind leg (PIII). 4D–4F, abdomen: 4D, abdominal segments I-III, right lateral (legs removed to improve visibility); 4E, right lateral hump, right lateral; 4F, metanotum, dorsal [black arrow indicating setal area 3 (SA3); inset = dorsal view of SA3]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897518/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF736DBFFA3FFBC77FF3ECC4A55FAB0" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">
Abdomen: Segment I bearing one dorsal and two lateral humps (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC74B63ECC4BC4FB1C" box="[910,999,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[151,1437,181,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 4A–4C, left legs, anterior (inner) surfaces: 4A, foreleg (PI); 4B, midleg (PII); 4C, hind leg (PIII). 4D–4F, abdomen: 4D, abdominal segments I-III, right lateral (legs removed to improve visibility); 4E, right lateral hump, right lateral; 4F, metanotum, dorsal [black arrow indicating setal area 3 (SA3); inset = dorsal view of SA3]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897518/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). Pair of long setae located on each side of dorsal hump (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC766B3EE0498AFB78" box="[339,425,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 3A–3C, head: 3A, right lateral; 3B, dorsal; 3C, ventral. 3D–3F, thorax (legs removed to improve visibility): 3D, right lateral; 3E, dorsal, black arrows highlighting pair of long setae on each side of dorsal abdominal hump; 3F, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897516/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
, black arrows). Each lateral hump with patch of very short brownish spines and two long setae anteriorly and darker, slightly sinuous, longitudinal, sclerotized bar posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC736C3E844C88FB54" box="[1108,1195,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[151,1437,181,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 4A–4C, left legs, anterior (inner) surfaces: 4A, foreleg (PI); 4B, midleg (PII); 4C, hind leg (PIII). 4D–4F, abdomen: 4D, abdominal segments I-III, right lateral (legs removed to improve visibility); 4E, right lateral hump, right lateral; 4F, metanotum, dorsal [black arrow indicating setal area 3 (SA3); inset = dorsal view of SA3]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897518/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
), similar to patch and bar of larvae of other
<taxonomicName id="4C484D58FFA3FFBC76B13EB84A34FAB0" box="[393,535,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Athripsodini">Athripsodini</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF736DBFFA3FFBC77FF3F5C497EFAE8" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">
Gills simple (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC76663F5C4995FA8C" box="[350,438,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[151,1437,181,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 4A–4C, left legs, anterior (inner) surfaces: 4A, foreleg (PI); 4B, midleg (PII); 4C, hind leg (PIII). 4D–4F, abdomen: 4D, abdominal segments I-III, right lateral (legs removed to improve visibility); 4E, right lateral hump, right lateral; 4F, metanotum, dorsal [black arrow indicating setal area 3 (SA3); inset = dorsal view of SA3]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897518/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
) and present on abdominal segments II–VII (only two dorsal gills on abdominal segment VII, see
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC77CF3F704973FAE8" box="[247,336,1338,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[151,1437,181,1499]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 5A, abdominal segments IV–IX, right lateral. 5B, row of lateral tubercles on abdominal segment VIII (SA VIII), right lateral; inset = tubercles at X630 magnification. 5C, right anal proleg, ventral. 5D–5F, abdomen extremity: 5D, right lateral; 5E, dorsal; 5F, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897526/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF736DBFFA3FFBC77FF3F144959FA7C" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">
Lateral fringe composed of dense, long, and fine setae from abdominal segment III to end of segment VII (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC72573F14489EFA20" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[151,1437,181,1499]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 5A, abdominal segments IV–IX, right lateral. 5B, row of lateral tubercles on abdominal segment VIII (SA VIII), right lateral; inset = tubercles at X630 magnification. 5C, right anal proleg, ventral. 5D–5F, abdomen extremity: 5D, right lateral; 5E, dorsal; 5F, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897526/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). Continuing along line of lateral fringe on each side, row of short lateral tubercles present on abdominal segment VIII (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC762D3FEC494EFA7C" box="[277,365,1446,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[151,1437,181,1499]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 5A, abdominal segments IV–IX, right lateral. 5B, row of lateral tubercles on abdominal segment VIII (SA VIII), right lateral; inset = tubercles at X630 magnification. 5C, right anal proleg, ventral. 5D–5F, abdomen extremity: 5D, right lateral; 5E, dorsal; 5F, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897526/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF736DBFFA3FFBC77FF3F804A9FF9C8" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">
Two long, dorsomesal upright setae present on abdominal tergite VIII (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC74DE3F804C1FFA58" box="[998,1084,1482,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[151,1437,181,1499]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 5A, abdominal segments IV–IX, right lateral. 5B, row of lateral tubercles on abdominal segment VIII (SA VIII), right lateral; inset = tubercles at X630 magnification. 5C, right anal proleg, ventral. 5D–5F, abdomen extremity: 5D, right lateral; 5E, dorsal; 5F, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897526/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
). Abdominal tergite IX bearing one dorsomesal sclerite with three pairs of large setae posteriorly; inner pair of setae longer than others and intermediate pair of setae shortest (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC76F63C584A79F990" box="[462,602,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[151,1437,181,1499]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 5A, abdominal segments IV–IX, right lateral. 5B, row of lateral tubercles on abdominal segment VIII (SA VIII), right lateral; inset = tubercles at X630 magnification. 5C, right anal proleg, ventral. 5D–5F, abdomen extremity: 5D, right lateral; 5E, dorsal; 5F, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897526/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Figs 5D, 5E</figureCitation>
); row of two pairs of short, fine, lighter setae inserted between the row of these three pairs of long black setae and posterior edge of this sclerite. Two short lateral setae present on abdominal sternite IX (slightly visible in profile in
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC756E3C104A8CF9C8" box="[598,687,1626,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[151,1437,181,1499]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 5A, abdominal segments IV–IX, right lateral. 5B, row of lateral tubercles on abdominal segment VIII (SA VIII), right lateral; inset = tubercles at X630 magnification. 5C, right anal proleg, ventral. 5D–5F, abdomen extremity: 5D, right lateral; 5E, dorsal; 5F, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897526/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF736DBFFA3FFBC77FF3C344A15F8CC" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">
Anal prolegs short, each with smaller dorsal sclerite and larger sole plate in contact with claw (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC72393C344DACF924" box="[1281,1423,1662,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[151,1437,181,1499]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 5A, abdominal segments IV–IX, right lateral. 5B, row of lateral tubercles on abdominal segment VIII (SA VIII), right lateral; inset = tubercles at X630 magnification. 5C, right anal proleg, ventral. 5D–5F, abdomen extremity: 5D, right lateral; 5E, dorsal; 5F, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897526/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Figs 5D, 5E</figureCitation>
). At base of claw insertion, on sole plate, one small and one long seta projecting ventrad (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC73BC3CE84CFDF900" box="[1156,1246,1698,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[151,1437,181,1499]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 5A, abdominal segments IV–IX, right lateral. 5B, row of lateral tubercles on abdominal segment VIII (SA VIII), right lateral; inset = tubercles at X630 magnification. 5C, right anal proleg, ventral. 5D–5F, abdomen extremity: 5D, right lateral; 5E, dorsal; 5F, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897526/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
). Each basal tuft inserted just above claw consisting of four thick and long black setae, mesal seta shorter than other three (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC720E3C8C4DACF95C" box="[1334,1423,1734,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[151,1437,181,1499]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 5A, abdominal segments IV–IX, right lateral. 5B, row of lateral tubercles on abdominal segment VIII (SA VIII), right lateral; inset = tubercles at X630 magnification. 5C, right anal proleg, ventral. 5D–5F, abdomen extremity: 5D, right lateral; 5E, dorsal; 5F, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897526/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
). In ventral view, oblique row of about fifteen upright spines extending from base of claw insertion almost to abdominal sternum IX (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC76753D4449F2F894" box="[333,465,1806,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[151,1437,181,1499]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 5A, abdominal segments IV–IX, right lateral. 5B, row of lateral tubercles on abdominal segment VIII (SA VIII), right lateral; inset = tubercles at X630 magnification. 5C, right anal proleg, ventral. 5D–5F, abdomen extremity: 5D, right lateral; 5E, dorsal; 5F, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897526/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Figs 5C, 5F</figureCitation>
, black arrow). Ventral side of each anal proleg on each side of anus covered with many tight transverse rows of short, flattened spines (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC75883D784B18F8F0" box="[688,827,1842,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[151,1437,181,1499]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 5A, abdominal segments IV–IX, right lateral. 5B, row of lateral tubercles on abdominal segment VIII (SA VIII), right lateral; inset = tubercles at X630 magnification. 5C, right anal proleg, ventral. 5D–5F, abdomen extremity: 5D, right lateral; 5E, dorsal; 5F, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897526/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Figs 5C, 5F</figureCitation>
). Anal claws strongly curved and armed apically with three accessory hooks (
<figureCitation id="13732A5EFFA3FFBC76A43D1C4A0BF8CC" box="[412,552,1878,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[151,1437,181,1499]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Leptocerina pauliani (Ross 1957). 5A, abdominal segments IV–IX, right lateral. 5B, row of lateral tubercles on abdominal segment VIII (SA VIII), right lateral; inset = tubercles at X630 magnification. 5C, right anal proleg, ventral. 5D–5F, abdomen extremity: 5D, right lateral; 5E, dorsal; 5F, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4897526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4897526/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Figs 5C, 5D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>
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