622 lines
86 KiB
XML
622 lines
86 KiB
XML
<document id="6D9BED33E858FC4422C012F68A89D30C" ID-CLB-Dataset="29492" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4471.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ce956d22-dae0-4074-9ee7-b734852d8d21" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1439403" ID-ZooBank="7939D696-DDA0-46D6-BE0A-94D7A7CB51A9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1538338998268" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mlynarek, Julia J. & Wheeler, Terry A." docDate="2018" docId="03E187C6FF96412BFF72FF4FFE46B039" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4471.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4471 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Anatrichus" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FFD8FFBEFF924121FFE5FFD8FFB1B346" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny and revised classification of the tribe Elachipterini (Diptera: Chloropidae)" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698557965645" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="EA9CCCF98872E39FED895CBB043B8301">Phylogeny and revised classification of the tribe Elachipterini (Diptera: Chloropidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A027B0DF8AAB82E4E0ACE5CD744C7A2A">Mlynarek, Julia J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CF7F5F23C73B4345F86B4EB24085D5C3">Wheeler, Terry A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="CAE283FA17C0AF50287102FA81D44ED8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="77D81953E0E85772A4F645512ACEDF6F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BDDE6EC5691E65A27FAA2A0A3DE10DC0">
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<mods:date id="373FAB7A0725E06C7F5922FE2CB58A1E">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="00518749D45D4BEFD478F5D9F3B70068">2018-09-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="63A3327BB537385E7305A884512A382F">4471</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E187C6FF96412BFF72FF4FFE46B039" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5980626" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148415497" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5980626" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187C6FF96412BFF72FF4FFE46B039" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E187C6FF96412BFF72FF4FFE46B039" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection id="C352655BFF964125FF72FF4FFD15B206" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF964125FF72FF4FFED4B3F6" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2037]" box="[151,357,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<heading id="D0BF81BCFF964125FF72FF4FFED4B3F6" bold="true" box="[151,357,151,176]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FF72FF4FFED4B3F6" bold="true" box="[151,357,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FF72FF4FFEA9B3F6" ID-CoL="VCL" ID-ENA="2080283" box="[151,280,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Anatrichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FF72FF4FFEA9B3F6" bold="true" box="[151,280,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Anatrichus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Clade
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF964125FF22FF64FD15B206" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<materialsCitation id="3B203C8DFF964125FF22FF64FD15B206" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913885111" location="A" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="A">
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The monophyly of this clade is supported (BrS = 1,
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<figureCitation id="13732A55FF964125FCEDFF64FCECB392" box="[776,861,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1881,1903]" captionTargetBox="[237,1349,585,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[181,1405,555,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1A. Strict consensus tree of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of Elachipterini (basal portion). Bremer support values are below the branches, bootstrap values are in bold above the branches. Species are shown in their generic assignments prior to this study; new generic limits are indicated by gray bars." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439405/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Fig. 1
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<collectingRegion id="498CF832FF964125FCA0FF64FCECB392" box="[837,861,188,212]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</collectingRegion>
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</figureCitation>
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) by seven homoplasious characters: the arista more than twice as long as the height of the third antennal segment (17:1), reduced ocellar bristles (23:1), inner vertical bristles absent (25:1), mesonotum longer than wide (27:1), postpronotal bristle absent (38:1), wing with a pattern (53:2) and wing much longer than wide (55:1).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C352655BFF96412BFF22FE94FE46B039" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF964125FF22FE94FC9DB151" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FF22FE94FE86B223" authorityName="Becker, Elachiptera Macquart" authorityYear="1911" box="[199,311,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Disciphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FF22FE94FE86B223" box="[199,311,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Disciphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the basal member of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FD95FE94FD5AB223" box="[624,747,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Anatrichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FD95FE94FD5AB223" box="[624,747,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Anatrichus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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clade and is not closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FB91FE94FB49B223" authorityName="Macquart, Melanochaeta Bezzi" authorityYear="1835" box="[1140,1272,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FB91FE94FB49B223" box="[1140,1272,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Elachiptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as previously hypothesized (Andersson, 1977; Kanmiya, 1983). It is supported (BrS = 4,
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<figureCitation id="13732A55FF964125FC09FEB7FBF8B2CE" box="[1004,1097,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1881,1903]" captionTargetBox="[237,1349,585,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[181,1405,555,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1A. Strict consensus tree of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of Elachipterini (basal portion). Bremer support values are below the branches, bootstrap values are in bold above the branches. Species are shown in their generic assignments prior to this study; new generic limits are indicated by gray bars." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439405/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="13732A55FF964125FBB3FEA8FBCBB2CE" box="[1110,1146,368,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1323,1345]" captionTargetBox="[212,1380,413,1240]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,373,1302]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2A. One of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of the Anatrichus clade (Disciphus, Allomedeia, Alombus). Black bars—homoplasious character states; white bars—uniquely derived character states." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439409/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2A</figureCitation>
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) by one uniquely derived synapomorphy: one orbital bristle longer than the others (20:1), and three homoplasious characters: interfrontal bristles on the inner margin of the frontal triangle (21:2), a pair of long apical scutellar tubercles (35:2), and reduced cerci in lateral view (66:1).
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FDB7FE04FC67B2B3" authority="Kanmiya" authorityName="Kanmiya" authorityYear="1983" box="[594,982,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Disciphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subelongatus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FDB7FE04FCD2B2B3" box="[594,867,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Disciphus subelongatus</emphasis>
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Kanmiya
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</taxonomicName>
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was nested within
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FB20FE04FAF8B2B3" authorityName="Macquart, Melanochaeta Bezzi" authorityYear="1835" box="[1221,1353,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FB20FE04FAF8B2B3" box="[1221,1353,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Elachiptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the analysis, not with the other described species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FD50FE27FC94B15E" authorityName="Becker, Elachiptera Macquart" authorityYear="1911" box="[693,805,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Disciphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FD50FE27FC94B15E" box="[693,805,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Disciphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF964125FF22FDFCFA3DB1C3" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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The sister clade of
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FE51FDFCFD95B17B" authorityName="Becker, Elachiptera Macquart" authorityYear="1911" box="[436,548,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Disciphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FE51FDFCFD95B17B" box="[436,548,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Disciphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is comprised of
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FD1DFDFCFCC9B17B" authorityName="Mlynarek & Wheeler" authorityYear="2010" box="[760,888,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Allomedeia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FD1DFDFCFCC9B17B" box="[760,888,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Allomedeia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FC69FDFCFC5FB17B" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1914" box="[908,1006,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Alombus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FC69FDFCFC5FB17B" box="[908,1006,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Alombus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FBE7FDFCFBCCB17B" box="[1026,1149,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Anatrichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FBE7FDFCFBCCB17B" box="[1026,1149,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Anatrichus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FB25FDFCFAE6B17B" box="[1216,1367,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Sepsidoscinis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FB25FDFCFAE6B17B" box="[1216,1367,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sepsidoscinis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. It is supported (BrS = 3,
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<figureCitation id="13732A55FF964125FE6DFD9FFE51B126" box="[392,480,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1881,1903]" captionTargetBox="[237,1349,585,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[181,1405,555,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1A. Strict consensus tree of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of Elachipterini (basal portion). Bremer support values are below the branches, bootstrap values are in bold above the branches. Species are shown in their generic assignments prior to this study; new generic limits are indicated by gray bars." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439405/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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) by a long pronotum (26:2), the postpronotum obviously longer than wide (28:1), second costal sector shorter than the third (56:2) and the abdomen at least 1.5 times longer than the thorax (58:1).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF964125FF22FD57FD32B08E" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FF22FD57FEF6B1EE" authorityName="Mlynarek & Wheeler" authorityYear="2010" box="[199,327,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Allomedeia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FF22FD57FEF6B1EE" box="[199,327,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Allomedeia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is supported (BrS = 1,
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<figureCitation id="13732A55FF964125FDAEFD57FD16B1EE" box="[587,679,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1881,1903]" captionTargetBox="[237,1349,585,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[181,1405,555,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1A. Strict consensus tree of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of Elachipterini (basal portion). Bremer support values are below the branches, bootstrap values are in bold above the branches. Species are shown in their generic assignments prior to this study; new generic limits are indicated by gray bars." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439405/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Figs 1
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<collectingRegion id="498CF832FF964125FD68FD48FD16B1EE" box="[653,679,656,680]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</collectingRegion>
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||
</figureCitation>
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||
;
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<figureCitation id="13732A55FF964125FD56FD48FD66B1EE" box="[691,727,656,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1323,1345]" captionTargetBox="[212,1380,413,1240]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,373,1302]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2A. One of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of the Anatrichus clade (Disciphus, Allomedeia, Alombus). Black bars—homoplasious character states; white bars—uniquely derived character states." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439409/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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2
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<collectingRegion id="498CF832FF964125FD24FD48FD66B1EE" box="[705,727,656,680]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</collectingRegion>
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</figureCitation>
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||
) by the margin of the frons diverging dorsally (3:1), the ocellar bristles much shorter than the postvertical bristles (24:1), subapical scutellar bristles absent (47:0), femoral organ absent (48:3), wings shaded at least along the veins (53:1), reduced anal angle (54:1) (
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<figureCitation id="13732A55FF964125FB8CFD0FFB1EB1B6" box="[1129,1199,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–10" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[171,1434,404,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1436,375,1799]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 4–10. Allomedeia xanthotes. 4. Head, lateral; 5. Antenna; 6. Wing; 7. Scutellum, dorsal; 8. Male genitalia, posterior; 9. Male genitalia, lateral; 10. Male genitalia, ventrolateral. Abbreviations: cer—cercus; epd—epandrium; hyphypandrium; sur—surstylus. Scale bars—Fig. 6 = 0.5 mm; Figs 5, 7–9 = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439417/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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), all bristles on cerci equal (68:1), medially fused cerci (67:1), wide surstylus (70.1), parallel-sided (71.1), with a flattened tip (75:1). The structure of the male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF964125FDD1FCC7FD1BB07E" box="[564,682,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–10" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[171,1434,404,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1436,375,1799]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 4–10. Allomedeia xanthotes. 4. Head, lateral; 5. Antenna; 6. Wing; 7. Scutellum, dorsal; 8. Male genitalia, posterior; 9. Male genitalia, lateral; 10. Male genitalia, ventrolateral. Abbreviations: cer—cercus; epd—epandrium; hyphypandrium; sur—surstylus. Scale bars—Fig. 6 = 0.5 mm; Figs 5, 7–9 = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439417/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 8–10</figureCitation>
|
||
), especially the fused cerci, is a strong defining character for this group. Although medially fused male cerci is probably an apomorphy for the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FB49FC9CFA8BB01B" box="[1196,1338,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chloropinae">Chloropinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is an unusual character in oscinellines. Three species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FD10FCBFFCC5B0C6" authorityName="Mlynarek & Wheeler" authorityYear="2010" box="[757,884,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Allomedeia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FD10FCBFFCC5B0C6" box="[757,884,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Allomedeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were included in the matrix as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FB1EFCB0FAC1B0C6" authorityName="Mlynarek & Wheeler" authorityYear="2010" box="[1275,1392,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Allomedeia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FB1EFCB0FAC1B0C6" box="[1275,1392,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498CF832FF964125FB1EFCB0FABEB039" box="[1275,1295,872,895]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
. prolata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FA61FCB0FEB2B0E3" authorityName="Mlynarek & Wheeler" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Allomedeia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthotes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FA61FCB0FEB2B0E3" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498CF832FF964125FA61FCB0FA29B039" box="[1412,1432,872,895]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
. xanthotes
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FEADFC54FE44B0E3" box="[328,501,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Allomedeia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stuckenberg">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FEADFC54FE44B0E3" box="[328,501,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498CF832FF964125FEADFC54FEECB0E5" box="[328,349,908,931]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
. stuckenberg
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The genus and included species (all previously undescribed) were formally described by Mlynarek & Wheeler (2010b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF964125FF22FC0CFD39B783" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The remaining genera of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FDCCFC0CFD15B0AB" box="[553,676,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Anatrichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FDCCFC0CFD15B0AB" box="[553,676,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Anatrichus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FCE6FC0CFBA1B0AB" box="[771,1040,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FCE6FC0CFCD9B0AB" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1914" box="[771,872,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Alombus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Alombus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FC9CFC0CFBA1B0AB" box="[889,1040,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Sepsidoscinis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sepsidoscinis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FBB7FC0CFB7CB0AB" box="[1106,1229,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Anatrichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FBB7FC0CFB7CB0AB" box="[1106,1229,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Anatrichus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) form a strongly supported monophyletic clade (BrS = 8, Bootstrap = 60,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF964125FCE8FC2FFCD3B756" box="[781,866,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1881,1903]" captionTargetBox="[237,1349,585,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[181,1405,555,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1A. Strict consensus tree of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of Elachipterini (basal portion). Bremer support values are below the branches, bootstrap values are in bold above the branches. Species are shown in their generic assignments prior to this study; new generic limits are indicated by gray bars." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439405/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
) supported by 11 characters: head longer than high (1:2), postgena at least 0.5 times the length of the short axis of eye (9:2), palpus parallel-sided and ending bluntly (10:1), third antennal segment round (16:0), pronotum noticeable but short (26:1), postpronotum wider than long (28:0), scutellum triangular (30:2), no scutellar tubercles (36:0), but if present then on ventral to dorsal margin (37:1), and tergites 1+2 fully sclerotized (62:1) including one uniquely derived synapomorphy, the basally constricted abdomen (61:1,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF964125FE2AFB74FD94B782" box="[463,549,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–21" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1736,1758]" captionTargetBox="[163,1415,268,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1714]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 16–21. Anatrichus species. 16–18. Anatrichus pygmaeus 16. Antenna; 17. Thorax: dorsal; 18. Abdomen, dorsal; 19–21. Anatrichus taprobane 19. Male genitalia, posterior; 20. Male genitalia, lateral; 21. Wing. Abbreviations: cer—cercus; epd—epandrium; sur—surstylus. Scale bars—Figs 17, 21 = 0.5 mm; Fig. 19 = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439421/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 18</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF964125FDD4FB74FDCDB783" box="[561,636,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 56–57. 56" captionStartId="25.[151,264,727,749]" captionTargetBox="[162,1420,223,694]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1437,193,705]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 56–57. 56. Alombus seminitidus: habitus; 57. Sepsidoscinis maculipennis: habitus. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439437/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">56–57</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF964125FF22FB17FBC3B542" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FF22FB17FE98B7AE" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1914" box="[199,297,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Alombus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FF22FB17FE98B7AE" box="[199,297,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Alombus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a strongly supported monophyletic genus (BrS = 19,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF964125FC40FB17FBB3B7AE" box="[933,1026,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1881,1903]" captionTargetBox="[237,1349,585,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[181,1405,555,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1A. Strict consensus tree of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of Elachipterini (basal portion). Bremer support values are below the branches, bootstrap values are in bold above the branches. Species are shown in their generic assignments prior to this study; new generic limits are indicated by gray bars." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439405/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Figs 1
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498CF832FF964125FC0DFB08FBB3B7AE" box="[1000,1026,1232,1256]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF964125FBEAFB08FB84B7AE" box="[1039,1077,1232,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1323,1345]" captionTargetBox="[212,1380,413,1240]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,373,1302]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2A. One of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of the Anatrichus clade (Disciphus, Allomedeia, Alombus). Black bars—homoplasious character states; white bars—uniquely derived character states." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439409/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
2
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498CF832FF964125FBFBFB08FB84B7AE" box="[1054,1077,1232,1256]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), probably partly due to several morphological changes associated with the loss of flight in this group. Ten characters: ocellar bristles as long as post-vertical bristles (24:0), scutellum dorsally convex (31:0), anterior notopleural absent (40:3), postsutural dorsocentral bristles absent (43.1), subapical scutellar bristles absent (47:0), wings absent (52:2), halters absent (57:1), tergites 1+2 more than half the length of the abdomen but not covering it completely (59:1), cerci evenly rounded (69:0), unbranched arms of the hypandrium (74:1) support its monophyly including one that is uniquely derived, the absence of an anterior notopleural bristle (40:3). Four additional character state changes in characters 53–56 were plotted by TNT as state changes in the genus, but all are inapplicable wing characters that were coded in the matrix as missing states. These have been omitted from the cladogram in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF964125FBF1FA33FBDFB542" box="[1044,1134,1515,1540]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1323,1345]" captionTargetBox="[212,1380,413,1240]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,373,1302]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2A. One of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of the Anatrichus clade (Disciphus, Allomedeia, Alombus). Black bars—homoplasious character states; white bars—uniquely derived character states." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439409/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Fig. 2
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498CF832FF964125FBB2FA34FBDFB542" box="[1111,1134,1516,1540]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF964125FF22F9D7FA38B4B3" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The two remaining genera of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FD8BF9D7FD58B56E" box="[622,745,1551,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Anatrichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FD8BF9D7FD58B56E" box="[622,745,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Anatrichus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FCAFF9D7FC50B56E" box="[842,993,1551,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Sepsidoscinis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FCAFF9D7FC50B56E" box="[842,993,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sepsidoscinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FBCDF9D7FB18B56E" box="[1064,1193,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FBCDF9D7FB14B56E" box="[1064,1189,1551,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Anatrichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anatrichus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are supported as a monophyletic group (BrS = 3
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF964125FE17F9EAFDE6B50D" box="[498,599,1586,1611]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1881,1903]" captionTargetBox="[237,1349,585,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[181,1405,555,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1A. Strict consensus tree of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of Elachipterini (basal portion). Bremer support values are below the branches, bootstrap values are in bold above the branches. Species are shown in their generic assignments prior to this study; new generic limits are indicated by gray bars." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439405/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Figs. 1
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498CF832FF964125FDD8F9EBFDE6B50D" box="[573,599,1587,1611]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF964125FD81F9EBFD37B50D" box="[612,646,1587,1611]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1323,1345]" captionTargetBox="[212,1380,413,1240]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,373,1302]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2A. One of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of the Anatrichus clade (Disciphus, Allomedeia, Alombus). Black bars—homoplasious character states; white bars—uniquely derived character states." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439409/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2B</figureCitation>
|
||
) by four characters: ocellar bristles shorter than post-vertical bristles (24:1), mesonotum as long as wind (27:0), femoral organ absent (48:3), hypandrium massive in lateral view (73:1). Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FEE8F9A1FE15B5D4" box="[269,420,1657,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Sepsidoscinis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FEE8F9A1FE15B5D4" box="[269,420,1657,1682]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sepsidoscinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a monotypic genus and is the well-supported sister group to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FB4EF9A1FA97B5D4" box="[1195,1318,1657,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Anatrichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FB4EF9A1FA97B5D4" box="[1195,1318,1657,1682]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Anatrichus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we have retained it as a separate genus to maintain stability with previous nomenclature. Given the lack of research on Oriental
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FF18F918FE3BB59F" box="[253,394,1728,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chloropidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is likely that additional species of both genera remain to be described.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FB0DF918FACEB59F" box="[1256,1407,1728,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Sepsidoscinis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FB0DF918FACEB59F" box="[1256,1407,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sepsidoscinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is supported by 12 characters: frons dorsally diverging (3:1), frontal triangle margins straight (4:1), palpus very small and inconspicuous (12:2), interfrontal setulae on the inside margin of the the frontal triangle (21:2), ocellar bristles proclinate (22:1), scutellar tubercles more than half the length of the scutellum (35:2), four or more scutellar bristles (36:2), anterior notopleural at most half the size of the posterior notopleural (40:1), absent postsutural intraalar bristle (44:1), wings shorter than abdomen (52:1), cerci fused (67:1)with one uniquely derived synapomorphy, a bilobed surstylus (76:1,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF964125FE24F84DFDA8B4E8" box="[449,537,1941,1966]" captionStart="FIGURES 50–55" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox="[175,1421,826,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[150,1436,807,1857]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 50–55. Sepsidoscinis maculipennis. 50. Antenna; 51. Wing; 52. Scutellum, dorsolateral; 53. Scutellum, dorsal; 54. Male genitalia, posterior; 55. Male genitalia, lateral. Abbreviations: cer—cercus; epd—epandrium; sur—surstylus. Scale bars—Fig. 51 = 0.5 mm; Figs 54–55 = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439433/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 55</figureCitation>
|
||
, 64). An additional character state change related to the shape of the surstylus (71:?) was plotted by TNT as an apomorphy for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF964125FD55F860FCF6B497" box="[688,839,1976,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Sepsidoscinis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF964125FD55F860FCF6B497" box="[688,839,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sepsidoscinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but that character state is inapplicable because of the highly modified surstylus in this genus and the character state change was omitted from the cladogram (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF964125FAC6F804FACAB4B3" box="[1315,1403,2012,2037]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1323,1345]" captionTargetBox="[212,1380,413,1240]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,373,1302]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2A. One of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of the Anatrichus clade (Disciphus, Allomedeia, Alombus). Black bars—homoplasious character states; white bars—uniquely derived character states." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439409/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF974124FF22FF4FFC09B2B3" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The limits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF974124FE84FF4FFE6DB3F6" box="[353,476,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Anatrichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF974124FE84FF4FFE6DB3F6" box="[353,476,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Anatrichus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been expanded to include the species previously assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF974124FB2AFF41FACAB3F6" authorityName="Kertesz" authorityYear="1914" box="[1231,1403,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmecosepsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF974124FB2AFF41FACAB3F6" box="[1231,1403,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Myrmecosepsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is supported (BrS = 3) by 16 apomorphies scutellum longer than wide at base (32:1), scutellar tubercles absent (35:0), no scutellar tubercles (36:0), many dorsal posterior notopleurals (39:3), many anterior notopleurals (40:2), thoracic spines present (41:1), scutellar spines present (42:1), many postsutural intra-alar bristles (44:2), postsutural supra-alar bristles present (45:1), wings clear (53:0), C2 costal sector longer thand C3 (56:0), one large sclerite covering the abdomen (59:2), Tergites 1+2 fused (60:1), abdomen basally rugose (63:1), abdominal sternites broken into many small pieces (65:1), surstylus with a pointed tip (75:2), of which seven are uniquely derived: many posterior and anterior notopleurals (39:3, 40:2), the modification of bristles into spines on the thorax (41:1, 44:2), the modification of the abdomen into one large sclerotized syntergite covering the entire length of the abdomen (59:2, 60:1) and the sternites divided into many pieces (65:1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF376658FF974124FF72F881FC49B4EB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439405/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[151,250,1881,1903]" targetBox="[237,1349,585,1789]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF974124FF72F881FC49B4EB" blockId="5.[151,1437,1881,1965]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF974124FF72F881FE99B429" bold="true" box="[151,296,1881,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 1A.</emphasis>
|
||
Strict consensus tree of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of Elachipterini (basal portion). Bremer support values are below the branches, bootstrap values are in bold above the branches. Species are shown in their generic assignments prior to this study; new generic limits are indicated by gray bars.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF376658FF944127FF72F973FC49B5B9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439407/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[151,250,1707,1729]" targetBox="[234,1364,258,1593]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF944127FF72F973FC49B5B9" blockId="6.[151,1437,1707,1791]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF944127FF72F973FE97B587" bold="true" box="[151,294,1707,1729]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 1B.</emphasis>
|
||
Strict consensus tree of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of Elachipterini (apical portion). Bremer support values are below the branches, bootstrap values are in bold above the branches. Species are shown in their generic assignments prior to this study; new generic limits are indicated by gray bars.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF944127FF72F8FEFED2B479" blockId="6.[151,1436,1830,2035]" box="[151,355,1830,1855]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF944127FF72F8FEFEAAB479" authorityName="Macquart, Melanochaeta Bezzi" authorityYear="1835" box="[151,283,1830,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF944127FF72F8FEFEAAB479" box="[151,283,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Clade
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF944127FF22F892FEAEB4EC" blockId="6.[151,1436,1830,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B203C8DFF944127FF22F892FEAEB4EC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913885109" location="A" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="A">
|
||
The monophyly of this clade is supported (BrS = 1,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF944127FCEBF892FCD5B424" box="[782,868,1866,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1881,1903]" captionTargetBox="[237,1349,585,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[181,1405,555,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1A. Strict consensus tree of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of Elachipterini (basal portion). Bremer support values are below the branches, bootstrap values are in bold above the branches. Species are shown in their generic assignments prior to this study; new generic limits are indicated by gray bars." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439405/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Fig. 1
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498CF832FF944127FCA9F892FCD5B424" box="[844,868,1866,1890]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) by an arista less than twice the length of the third antennal segment (17:0), the rugose surface of the scutellum (33:1) and a well sclerotized hypandrium in lateral view (73:1).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF944126FF22F86FFAD0B393" blockId="6.[151,1436,1830,2035]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF944127FF22F86FFE88B488" box="[199,313,1975,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Goniaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF944127FF22F86FFE88B488" box="[199,313,1975,1998]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Goniaspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the basal lineage of this group. Its monophyly is supported (BrS = 4,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF944127FBBDF86EFB1EB489" box="[1112,1199,1974,1999]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[237,1393,250,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[129,1459,193,1875]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3A. One of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of the Elachiptera clade (Goniaspis, Ceratobarys, Melanochaeta). Black bars—homoplasious character states; White bars—uniquely derived character states." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439413/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Fig. 3
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498CF832FF944127FB7DF86FFB1EB489" box="[1176,1199,1975,1999]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) by the presence of a short to long apical hind tibial spur (51:1) and the second costal sector as long as the third (56:1). Two of the ten described species in this genus were included in the analysis as well as an additional undescribed species (new species
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498CF832FF954126FF0AFF64FEB5B392" box="[239,260,188,212]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
) that was potentially referable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF954126FD98FF65FD5FB392" box="[637,750,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Goniaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF954126FD98FF65FD5FB392" box="[637,750,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Goniaspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. That species is the sister group to the rest of the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF954126FF22FF07FB0EB206" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
The sister group to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF954126FE46FF38FDA4B3B1" box="[419,533,224,247]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Goniaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF954126FE46FF38FDA4B3B1" box="[419,533,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Goniaspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF954126FD64FF07FB51B3BE" authority=", Melanochaeta and Elachiptera. Support" authorityName="Melanochaeta and Elachiptera. Support" box="[641,1248,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Ceratobarys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF954126FD64FF07FCBCB3BE" box="[641,781,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ceratobarys</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF954126FCF9FF07FC0DB3BE" box="[796,956,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Melanochaeta</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF954126FC11FF07FBC9B3BE" box="[1012,1144,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
. Support
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is low (BrS = 1,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF954126FF72FEDCFF5CB25A" box="[151,237,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1881,1903]" captionTargetBox="[237,1349,585,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[181,1405,555,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1A. Strict consensus tree of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of Elachipterini (basal portion). Bremer support values are below the branches, bootstrap values are in bold above the branches. Species are shown in their generic assignments prior to this study; new generic limits are indicated by gray bars." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439405/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
) and assumes many reversals. This clade of three genera is monophyletic based on the presence of a thick arista (18:1) that is heavily pubescent (19:1) and two orbital bristles longer than the rest (20:2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF376658FF954126FF72FAF3FB2AB626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439409/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[151,250,1323,1345]" targetBox="[212,1380,413,1240]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF954126FF72FAF3FB2AB626" blockId="7.[151,1435,1323,1376]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF954126FF72FAF3FE99B607" bold="true" box="[151,296,1323,1345]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 2A.</emphasis>
|
||
One of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF954126FC09FAF3FBEAB607" box="[1004,1115,1323,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Anatrichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF954126FC09FAF3FBEAB607" box="[1004,1115,1323,1345]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Anatrichus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF954126FB48FAF3FAA3B607" authorityName="Becker, Elachiptera Macquart" authorityYear="1911" box="[1197,1298,1323,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Disciphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF954126FB48FAF3FAA3B607" box="[1197,1298,1323,1345]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Disciphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF954126FAC7FAF3FA24B607" authorityName="Mlynarek & Wheeler" authorityYear="2010" box="[1314,1429,1323,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Allomedeia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF954126FAC7FAF3FA24B607" box="[1314,1429,1323,1345]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Allomedeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF954126FF72FA92FF41B626" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,240,1354,1376]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Alombus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF954126FF72FA92FF41B626" box="[151,240,1354,1376]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Alombus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Black bars—homoplasious character states; white bars—uniquely derived character states.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF376658FF954126FF72F869FB00B4A3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439411/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[151,250,1969,1991]" targetBox="[219,1332,1486,1881]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF954126FF72F869FB00B4A3" blockId="7.[151,1435,1969,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF954126FF72F869FE9AB481" bold="true" box="[151,299,1969,1991]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 2B.</emphasis>
|
||
One of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF954126FBFCF869FB39B481" box="[1049,1160,1969,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Anatrichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF954126FBFCF869FB39B481" box="[1049,1160,1969,1991]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Anatrichus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF954126FB04F869FADBB481" box="[1249,1386,1969,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Sepsidoscinis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF954126FB04F869FADBB481" box="[1249,1386,1969,1991]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Sepsidoscinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF954126FF72F817FEB7B4A3" box="[151,262,1999,2021]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Anatrichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF954126FF72F817FEB7B4A3" box="[151,262,1999,2021]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Anatrichus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Black bars—homoplasious character states; white bars—uniquely derived character states.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF376658FF9A4129FF72F8B0FB69B4DB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439413/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[151,250,1896,1918]" targetBox="[237,1393,250,1803]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF9A4129FF72F8B0FB69B4DB" blockId="8.[151,1435,1896,1949]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF9A4129FF72F8B0FE96B438" bold="true" box="[151,295,1896,1918]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 3A.</emphasis>
|
||
One of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF9A4129FC39F8B0FBE2B438" authorityName="Macquart, Melanochaeta Bezzi" authorityYear="1835" box="[988,1107,1896,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF9A4129FC39F8B0FBE2B438" box="[988,1107,1896,1918]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF9A4129FB47F8B1FE99B4DB" authority=", Ceratobarys, Melanochaeta" authorityName="Ceratobarys, Melanochaeta" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Goniaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF9A4129FB47F8B1FAB8B438" box="[1186,1289,1897,1918]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Goniaspis</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF9A4129FAF2F8B0FA24B438" box="[1303,1429,1896,1918]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ceratobarys</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF9A4129FF72F85FFE99B4DB" box="[151,296,1927,1949]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Melanochaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Black bars—homoplasious character states; White bars—uniquely derived character states.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF376658FF9B4128FF72F931FC19B458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439415/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[151,250,1769,1791]" targetBox="[212,1371,283,1676]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF9B4128FF72F931FC19B458" blockId="9.[151,1436,1769,1822]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF9B4128FF72F931FE95B5B9" bold="true" box="[151,292,1769,1791]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 3B.</emphasis>
|
||
One of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF9B4128FC22F931FB8FB5B9" authorityName="Macquart, Melanochaeta Bezzi" authorityYear="1835" box="[967,1086,1769,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF9B4128FC22F931FB8FB5B9" box="[967,1086,1769,1791]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF9B4128FB6FF931FAB3B5B9" authorityName="Macquart, Melanochaeta Bezzi" authorityYear="1835" box="[1162,1282,1769,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF9B4128FB6FF931FAB3B5B9" box="[1162,1282,1769,1791]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Black barshomoplasious character states; white bars—uniquely derived character states.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF9B4128FF22F892FE8FB4EC" blockId="9.[151,1436,1866,2036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
The traditional limits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF9B4128FE06F892FDD6B425" authorityName="Macquart, Melanochaeta Bezzi" authorityYear="1835" box="[483,615,1866,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF9B4128FE06F892FDD6B425" box="[483,615,1866,1891]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have changed as a result of this analysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF9B4128FBB6F892FB7DB425" box="[1107,1228,1866,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1881,1903]" captionTargetBox="[237,1349,585,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[181,1405,555,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1A. Strict consensus tree of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of Elachipterini (basal portion). Bremer support values are below the branches, bootstrap values are in bold above the branches. Species are shown in their generic assignments prior to this study; new generic limits are indicated by gray bars." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439405/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 1A,B</figureCitation>
|
||
), with the species previously assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF9B4128FE5CF8B6FD8CB4C1" authorityName="Macquart, Melanochaeta Bezzi" authorityYear="1835" box="[441,573,1902,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF9B4128FE5CF8B6FD8CB4C1" box="[441,573,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
divided into two monophyletic groups separated by a monophyletic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF9B4128FF72F84AFE86B4ED" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,311,1938,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Melanochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF9B4128FF72F84AFE86B4ED" box="[151,311,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Melanochaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF9B412BFF22F86EFB2AB279" blockId="9.[151,1436,1866,2036]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,896]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Although Wheeler & Forrest (2002) synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF9B4128FCE7F86EFC3EB489" box="[770,911,1974,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Ceratobarys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF9B4128FCE7F86EFC3EB489" box="[770,911,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ceratobarys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF9B4128FC2BF86EFBE3B489" authorityName="Macquart, Melanochaeta Bezzi" authorityYear="1835" box="[974,1106,1974,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF9B4128FC2BF86EFBE3B489" box="[974,1106,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we have reinstated it for the clade that is the sister group to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF9B4128FE1CF803FD28B4B2" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityYear="1906" box="[505,665,2011,2036]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Melanochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF9B4128FE1CF803FD28B4B2" box="[505,665,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Melanochaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF9B4128FD3DF803FCEDB4B2" authorityName="Macquart, Melanochaeta Bezzi" authorityYear="1835" box="[728,860,2011,2036]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF9B4128FD3DF803FCEDB4B2" box="[728,860,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF9B4128FC88F804FC4BB4B5" box="[877,1018,2012,2035]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF9B4128FC88F804FC1AB4B5" authorityName="Andersson" authorityYear="1977" box="[877,939,2012,2035]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species" species="sensu">sensu</taxonomicName>
|
||
stricto
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF9B4128FBF6F803FB2EB4B2" box="[1043,1183,2011,2036]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Ceratobarys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF9B4128FBF6F803FB2EB4B2" box="[1043,1183,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ceratobarys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a weakly supported genus (BrS = 1,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF98412BFEB5FF4FFE1DB3F6" box="[336,428,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1881,1903]" captionTargetBox="[237,1349,585,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[181,1405,555,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1A. Strict consensus tree of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of Elachipterini (basal portion). Bremer support values are below the branches, bootstrap values are in bold above the branches. Species are shown in their generic assignments prior to this study; new generic limits are indicated by gray bars." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439405/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF98412BFE5CFF40FE6CB3F6" box="[441,477,152,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[237,1393,250,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[129,1459,193,1875]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3A. One of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of the Elachiptera clade (Goniaspis, Ceratobarys, Melanochaeta). Black bars—homoplasious character states; White bars—uniquely derived character states." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439413/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
) based on a dorsally elongated third antennal segment (15:1), although this character state is independently derived within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFDB3FF64FD6BB393" authorityName="Macquart, Melanochaeta Bezzi" authorityYear="1835" box="[598,730,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFDB3FF64FD6BB393" box="[598,730,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Wheeler & Forrest (2002) synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFB34FF64FAECB393" box="[1233,1373,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Ceratobarys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFB34FF64FAECB393" box="[1233,1373,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ceratobarys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFF72FF07FEAAB3BE" authorityName="Macquart, Melanochaeta Bezzi" authorityYear="1835" box="[151,283,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFF72FF07FEAAB3BE" box="[151,283,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the observation that the type species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFCDCFF38FBACB3BE" authority="(Loew)" authorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[825,1053,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Ceratobarys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eulophus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFCDCFF38FC0EB3BE" box="[825,959,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. eulophus</emphasis>
|
||
(Loew)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was closely related to a group of yellow Neotropical species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFE10FEDCFDC8B25B" authorityName="Macquart, Melanochaeta Bezzi" authorityYear="1835" box="[501,633,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFE10FEDCFDC8B25B" box="[501,633,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a trapezoidal scutellum. While these species are congeneric, the yellow species are all part of this clade, for which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFD2EFEFFFCE6B206" box="[715,855,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Ceratobarys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFD2EFEFFFCE6B206" box="[715,855,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ceratobarys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the oldest available name.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF98412BFF22FE94FD9BB2EB" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Andersson (1977) considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFDF9FE94FD0DB223" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityYear="1906" box="[540,700,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Melanochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFDF9FE94FD0DB223" box="[540,700,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Melanochaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFD12FE94FCCAB223" authorityName="Macquart, Melanochaeta Bezzi" authorityYear="1835" box="[759,891,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFD12FE94FCCAB223" box="[759,891,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
closely related. This has been supported in this analysis (BrS = 1,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF98412BFE82FEB7FE71B2CE" box="[359,448,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1881,1903]" captionTargetBox="[237,1349,585,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[181,1405,555,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1A. Strict consensus tree of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of Elachipterini (basal portion). Bremer support values are below the branches, bootstrap values are in bold above the branches. Species are shown in their generic assignments prior to this study; new generic limits are indicated by gray bars." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439405/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF98412BFE29FEA8FE41B2CE" box="[460,496,368,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[237,1393,250,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[129,1459,193,1875]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3A. One of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of the Elachiptera clade (Goniaspis, Ceratobarys, Melanochaeta). Black bars—homoplasious character states; White bars—uniquely derived character states." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439413/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
) by two characters: ocellar bristles shorter than the postvertical bristles (24:1) and a round scutellum (30:0,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF98412BFE79FE4CFE40B2EB" box="[412,497,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–38" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1604,1626]" captionTargetBox="[173,1411,216,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1435,193,1582]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 33–38. Elachiptera brevipennis. 33. Head: lateral; 34. Antenna; 35. Scutellum, dorsal; 36. Male genitalia, posterior; 37. Male genitalia, lateral; 38. Male genitalia, ventral. Abbreviations: cer—cercus; epd—epandrium; hyp—hypandrium; sursurstylus. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439427/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 35</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF98412BFE1BFE4CFDAFB2EB" box="[510,542,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–49" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[172,1412,500,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[150,1436,455,1769]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 44–49. Melanochaeta species. 44–46. Melanochaeta capreolus. 44. Head, lateral; 45. Antenna; 46. Scutellum, dorsal; 47–49. Melanochaeta atricornis. 47. Male genitalia, posterior; 48. Male genitalia, lateral; 49. Male genitalia, ventral. Abbreviations: cer—cercus; epd—epandrium; hyp—hypandrium; sur—surstylus. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439431/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">46</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF98412BFF22FE6FFC7BB15E" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B203C8DFF98412BFF22FE6FFC7BB15E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913885110" location="A" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="A">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFF22FE6FFED6B296" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityYear="1906" box="[199,359,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Melanochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFF22FE6FFED6B296" box="[199,359,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Melanochaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a monophyletic group supported (BrS = 3,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF98412BFC71FE6FFC42B296" box="[916,1011,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1881,1903]" captionTargetBox="[237,1349,585,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[181,1405,555,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1A. Strict consensus tree of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of Elachipterini (basal portion). Bremer support values are below the branches, bootstrap values are in bold above the branches. Species are shown in their generic assignments prior to this study; new generic limits are indicated by gray bars." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439405/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF98412BFBE1FE60FB99B296" box="[1028,1064,440,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[237,1393,250,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[129,1459,193,1875]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3A. One of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of the Elachiptera clade (Goniaspis, Ceratobarys, Melanochaeta). Black bars—homoplasious character states; White bars—uniquely derived character states." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439413/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
3
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498CF832FF98412BFBF4FE60FB99B296" box="[1041,1064,440,464]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) by four characters: the frontal triangle shorter than three-quarters of the length of the frons (5:1), the reduced dorsal posterior notopleural (31:0), the dorsally convex scutellum (33:0) that is smooth in appearance (39:2).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF98412BFF22FDFCFE46B039" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Under our revised definition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFDF5FDFCFD25B17B" authorityName="Macquart, Melanochaeta Bezzi" authorityYear="1835" box="[528,660,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFDF5FDFCFD25B17B" box="[528,660,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is supported (BrS = 1,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF98412BFC73FDFCFC58B17A" box="[918,1001,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1881,1903]" captionTargetBox="[237,1349,585,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[181,1405,555,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1A. Strict consensus tree of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of Elachipterini (basal portion). Bremer support values are below the branches, bootstrap values are in bold above the branches. Species are shown in their generic assignments prior to this study; new generic limits are indicated by gray bars." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439405/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
) by a dorsally elongated third antennal segment (15:1) and the presence of 4 or more tubercles on the scutellum (36:2). As noted above, several species previously assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFE7DFDB4FDADB1C3" authorityName="Macquart, Melanochaeta Bezzi" authorityYear="1835" box="[408,540,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFE7DFDB4FDADB1C3" box="[408,540,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFCD2FDB4FC72B1C3" box="[823,963,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Ceratobarys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFCD2FDB4FC72B1C3" box="[823,963,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ceratobarys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFBBCFDB4FB6CB1C3" authorityName="Macquart, Melanochaeta Bezzi" authorityYear="1835" box="[1113,1245,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFBBCFDB4FB6CB1C3" box="[1113,1245,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
now includes all of the species that were previously placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFD43FD48FC8FB1E1" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1913" box="[678,830,656,679]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Cyrtomomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFD43FD48FC8FB1E1" box="[678,830,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cyrtomomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFC9EFD57FC4BB1EE" authorityName="Nishijima in Elachipterini" authorityYear="1955" box="[891,1018,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Togeciphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFC9EFD57FC4BB1EE" box="[891,1018,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Togeciphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFB62FD57FA24B1EE" authorityName="Kanmiya" authorityYear="1983" box="[1159,1429,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Disciphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subelongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFB62FD57FA24B1EE" box="[1159,1429,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Disciphus subelongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFF72FD6DFE9EB18A" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,303,693,716]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Cyrtomomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFF72FD6DFE9EB18A" box="[151,303,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cyrtomomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was treated as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFD60FD6CFCB8B18B" authorityName="Macquart, Melanochaeta Bezzi" authorityYear="1835" box="[645,777,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFD60FD6CFCB8B18B" box="[645,777,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Sabrosky (1951) but he subsequently reinstated it to a genus (Sabrosky, 1980). The four exemplar species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFCDAFD00FC66B1A9" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1913" box="[831,983,728,751]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Cyrtomomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFCDAFD00FC66B1A9" box="[831,983,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cyrtomomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are monophyletic, but nested within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFF72FD24FEAAB053" authorityName="Macquart, Melanochaeta Bezzi" authorityYear="1835" box="[151,283,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFF72FD24FEAAB053" box="[151,283,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
along with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFE53FD24FD79B053" authorityName="Kanmiya" authorityYear="1983" box="[438,712,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Disciphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subelongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFE53FD24FD79B053" box="[438,712,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Disciphus subelongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF98412BFD3BFD24FCF1B052" box="[734,832,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1881,1903]" captionTargetBox="[237,1349,585,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[181,1405,555,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1A. Strict consensus tree of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of Elachipterini (basal portion). Bremer support values are below the branches, bootstrap values are in bold above the branches. Species are shown in their generic assignments prior to this study; new generic limits are indicated by gray bars." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439405/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF98412BFCB1FD24FCC6B052" box="[852,887,764,788]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[237,1393,250,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[129,1459,193,1875]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3A. One of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of the Elachiptera clade (Goniaspis, Ceratobarys, Melanochaeta). Black bars—homoplasious character states; White bars—uniquely derived character states." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439413/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Consequently,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFBA5FD25FB69B052" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1913" box="[1088,1240,765,788]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Cyrtomomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFBA5FD25FB69B052" box="[1088,1240,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cyrtomomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFECDFCC7FE1DB07E" authorityName="Macquart, Melanochaeta Bezzi" authorityYear="1835" box="[296,428,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFECDFCC7FE1DB07E" box="[296,428,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFE0BFCF9FD16B07E" authorityName="Kanmiya" authorityYear="1983" box="[494,679,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Disciphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subelongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFE0BFCF9FD16B07E" box="[494,679,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">D. subelongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is transferred from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFC6BFCC7FC4FB07E" authorityName="Becker, Elachiptera Macquart" authorityYear="1911" box="[910,1022,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Disciphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFC6BFCC7FC4FB07E" box="[910,1022,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Disciphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFBC2FCC7FB1AB07E" authorityName="Macquart, Melanochaeta Bezzi" authorityYear="1835" box="[1063,1195,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFBC2FCC7FB1AB07E" box="[1063,1195,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The type species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFF72FC9CFEADB01B" box="[151,284,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFF72FC9CFEA9B01B" authorityName="Nishijima in Elachipterini" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,280,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Togeciphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Togeciphus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFECEFC9DFDB4B01B" authority="Nishijima" authorityName="Nishijima" box="[299,517,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFECEFC9DFE34B01B" box="[299,389,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. katoi</emphasis>
|
||
Nishijima
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was also nested within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFCDCFC9CFC0CB01B" authorityName="Macquart, Melanochaeta Bezzi" authorityYear="1835" box="[825,957,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFCDCFC9CFC0CB01B" box="[825,957,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF98412BFC36FC9CFB84B01A" box="[979,1077,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1881,1903]" captionTargetBox="[237,1349,585,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[181,1405,555,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1A. Strict consensus tree of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of Elachipterini (basal portion). Bremer support values are below the branches, bootstrap values are in bold above the branches. Species are shown in their generic assignments prior to this study; new generic limits are indicated by gray bars." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439405/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF98412BFBACFC9CFBDDB01A" box="[1097,1132,836,860]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[237,1393,250,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[129,1459,193,1875]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3A. One of 288 most parsimonious trees showing relationships of the Elachiptera clade (Goniaspis, Ceratobarys, Melanochaeta). Black bars—homoplasious character states; White bars—uniquely derived character states." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439413/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
), and thus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFB19FC9CFACBB01B" authorityName="Nishijima in Elachipterini" authorityYear="1955" box="[1276,1402,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Togeciphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFB19FC9CFACBB01B" box="[1276,1402,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Togeciphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF98412BFE89FCBFFE41B0C6" authorityName="Macquart, Melanochaeta Bezzi" authorityYear="1835" box="[364,496,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF98412BFE89FCBFFE41B0C6" box="[364,496,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |