treatments-xml/data/03/E1/87/03E187AFC950FF888186A6A9FA25FD09.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.1590/S1679-62252008000100006" ID-ISSN="1982-0224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5419890" approvalRequired="8" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="8" checkinTime="1630375645486" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="da Graça, Weferson J. &amp; Pavanelli, Carla S." docDate="2008" docId="03E187AFC950FF888186A6A9FA25FD09" docLanguage="en" docName="NeotropIchthyol.2008.4.pdf" docOrigin="Neotropical Ichthyology 6 (1)" docSource="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1679-62252008000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;tlng=en" docStyle="DocumentStyle:85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5.4:NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5" docStyleName="NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Characidium heirmostigmata da Graça &amp; Pavanelli 2008, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="FFD8FFD7C950FF8A8205A038FFBEFFEE" masterDocTitle="Characidium heirmostigmata, a new characidiin fish (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the upper rio Paraná basin, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="53" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1630683977597" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Characidium heirmostigmata, a new characidiin fish (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the upper rio Paraná basin, Brazil</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>da Graça, Weferson J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pavanelli, Carla S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Neotropical Ichthyology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2008</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2008-03-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>6</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>53</mods:start>
<mods:end>53</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1679-62252008000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;tlng=en</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1590/S1679-62252008000100006</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1982-0224</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5419890</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187AFC950FF888186A6A9FA25FD09" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E187AFC950FF888186A6A9FA25FD09" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<subSubSection box="[899,1371,1681,1705]" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="0.[899,1371,1681,1737]" box="[899,1371,1681,1705]" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<heading box="[899,1371,1681,1705]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[899,1371,1681,1705]" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName authority="da Graça &amp; Pavanelli, 2008" authorityName="da Graça &amp; Pavanelli" authorityYear="2008" box="[899,1227,1681,1705]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heirmostigmata" status="new species">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[899,1227,1681,1705]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Characidium heirmostigmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1240,1371,1682,1705]" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[1067,1203,1714,1737]" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="0.[899,1371,1681,1737]" box="[1067,1203,1714,1737]" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<figureCitation box="[1067,1139,1714,1737]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[130,169,1558,1581]" captionTargetBox="[130,1452,1223,1547]" captionTargetId="figure-353@1.[130,1453,1223,1547]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Characidium heirmostigmata, holotype, MZUSP 97738, 35.0 mm SL. Picture horizontally flipped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5419892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5419892/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation box="[1190,1203,1714,1737]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[128,167,2022,2045]" captionTargetBox="[129,1451,1591,2009]" captionTargetId="figure-597@1.[129,1451,1591,2009]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 2. Characidium heirmostigmata, paratype, NUP 1393, 40.8 mm SL." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5419894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5419894/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="0.[812,1459,1778,1828]" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<materialsCitation collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="de Prudentopolis" country="Brazil" location="rio Barra Grande" municipality="Municipio de Prudentopolis" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" specimenCode="MZUSP 97738" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Parana" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[812,913,1778,1799]" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
<typeStatus box="[812,908,1778,1799]" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode box="[919,1068,1778,1799]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">MZUSP 97738</specimenCode>
, 35.0 mm SL, 
<collectingCountry box="[1208,1270,1778,1799]" name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[1279,1348,1778,1799]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Paraná</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
Município 
<collectorName box="[812,976,1807,1828]" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">de Prudentópolis</collectorName>
</collectingMunicipality>
, upper rio 
<collectingRegion box="[1074,1139,1807,1828]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Paraná</collectingRegion>
basin, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187AFC950FF888186A6A9FA25FD09:8E976062C950FF8A86B0A737FAE9F8CA" box="[1205,1367,1807,1828]" country="Brazil" municipality="Municipio de Prudentopolis" name="rio Barra Grande" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Parana">rio Barra Grande</location>
, tributary
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[129,1048,180,205]" box="[129,1048,180,205]" pageId="1">
54 
<taxonomicName authorityName="da Graça &amp; Pavanelli" authorityYear="2008" box="[540,826,180,201]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heirmostigmata">
<emphasis box="[540,826,180,201]" italics="true" pageId="1">Characidium heirmostigmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a new characidiin fish
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[129,772,261,541]" pageId="1">
<materialsCitation box="[129,479,261,282]" country="Brazil" location="Parana" pageId="1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Parana" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,239,261,282]" pageId="1">
<typeStatus box="[129,235,261,282]" pageId="1">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry box="[244,306,261,282]" name="Brazil" pageId="1">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[315,384,261,282]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="1">Paraná</collectingRegion>
, upper rio
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="MCP 41935" collectingDate="1994-11-17" collectingDateMax="1994-11-22" collectingDateMin="1994-11-17" collectionCode="MCP" collectorName="Nupelia. &amp; de Jussara &amp; Nupelia" country="Brazil" county="Municipio de Candido de Abreu" latitude="-23.6" location="rio Ivai" longLatPrecision="1255" longitude="-52.466667" municipality="rio Nestor" pageId="1" specimenCode="MZUSP 97739, 1, 3, MZUSP 97740, 5, NUP 1411, 4, NUP 5333, 2, MNRJ 31594, 8, 44.2, NUP 1381, NUP 1393, 45.3, NUP 5334" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Parana" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingRegion box="[484,550,261,282]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="1">Paraná</collectingRegion>
basin: 
<specimenCode box="[618,767,261,282]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1">MZUSP 97739</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[129,141,290,311]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1">1</specimenCode>
, 
<quantity box="[153,240,290,311]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.81" pageId="1" unit="mm" value="28.1">28.1 mm</quantity>
SL, collected with the 
<typeStatus box="[467,556,290,311]" pageId="1">holotype</typeStatus>
. 
<accessionNumber box="[565,685,290,311]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MCP41935" pageId="1">
<collectionCode box="[565,616,290,311]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1">MCP</collectionCode>
41935
</accessionNumber>
, 
<specimenCode box="[696,709,290,311]" collectionCode="MCP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1">3</specimenCode>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.575" metricValueMax="5.27" metricValueMin="3.88" pageId="1" unit="mm" value="45.75" valueMax="52.7" valueMin="38.8">38.8- 52.7 mm</quantity>
SL; 
<specimenCode box="[264,415,319,340]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1">MZUSP 97740</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[425,439,319,340]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1">5</specimenCode>
, 
<quantity box="[450,589,319,340]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.04" metricValueMax="4.1899999999999995" metricValueMin="3.8899999999999997" pageId="1" unit="mm" value="40.4" valueMax="41.9" valueMin="38.9">38.9-41.9 mm</quantity>
SL, 
<specimenCode box="[636,742,319,340]" collectionCode="NUP" pageId="1">NUP 1411</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[753,767,319,340]" collectionCode="NUP" pageId="1">4</specimenCode>
, 
<quantity box="[129,265,347,368]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.45" metricValueMax="4.65" metricValueMin="4.25" pageId="1" unit="mm" value="44.5" valueMax="46.5" valueMin="42.5">42.5-46.5 mm</quantity>
SL; 
<specimenCode box="[309,413,347,368]" collectionCode="NUP" pageId="1">NUP 5333</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[422,434,347,368]" collectionCode="NUP" pageId="1">2</specimenCode>
c&amp;s, 
<quantity box="[489,625,347,368]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.175" metricValueMax="4.46" metricValueMin="3.8899999999999997" pageId="1" unit="mm" value="41.75" valueMax="44.6" valueMin="38.9">38.9-44.6 mm</quantity>
SL: 
<collectingCounty pageId="1">Município de Cândido de Abreu</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality box="[354,456,376,397]" pageId="1">rio Nestor</collectingMunicipality>
, tributary to right margin of 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187AFC950FF888186A6A9FA25FD09:8E976062C951FF8B80EDA140FF14FE44" country="Brazil" county="Municipio de Candido de Abreu" latitude="-23.6" longLatPrecision="1255" longitude="-52.466667" municipality="rio Nestor" name="rio Ivai" pageId="1" stateProvince="Parana">rio Ivaí</location>
, approx. 
<geoCoordinate box="[267,348,405,426]" degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" precision="925" value="-24.466667">24°28’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[358,448,405,426]" degrees="50" direction="west" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" precision="925" value="-50.9">50°54’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[461,598,405,426]" pageId="1" value="1994-11-22">
<collectingDate box="[461,598,405,426]" pageId="1" value="1994-11-22">22 Nov 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName box="[612,697,405,426]" pageId="1">Nupélia.</collectorName>
<specimenCode collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="1">MNRJ 31594</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[201,214,434,455]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="1">8</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[224,268,434,455]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="1">44.2</specimenCode>
-54.0 mm SL; 
<specimenCode box="[405,509,434,455]" collectionCode="NUP" pageId="1">NUP 1381</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[518,531,434,455]" collectionCode="NUP" pageId="1">8</specimenCode>
, 
<quantity box="[541,678,434,455]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.290000000000001" metricValueMax="4.5600000000000005" metricValueMin="4.0200000000000005" pageId="1" unit="mm" value="42.9" valueMax="45.6" valueMin="40.2">40.2-45.6 mm</quantity>
SL; 
<specimenCode collectionCode="NUP" pageId="1">NUP 1393</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[185,198,462,483]" collectionCode="NUP" pageId="1">3</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[207,248,462,483]" collectionCode="NUP" pageId="1">45.3</specimenCode>
-50.0 mm SL; 
<specimenCode box="[379,479,462,483]" collectionCode="NUP" pageId="1">NUP 5334</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[486,498,462,483]" collectionCode="NUP" pageId="1">1</specimenCode>
c&amp;s, 
<quantity box="[550,632,462,483]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" pageId="1" unit="mm" value="37.5">37.5 mm</quantity>
SL: 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187AFC950FF888186A6A9FA25FD09:8E976062C951FF8B80A4A1F6FF59FDEE" country="Brazil" county="Municipio de Candido de Abreu" latitude="-23.6" longLatPrecision="1255" longitude="-52.466667" municipality="rio Nestor" name="Municipio de Jussara" pageId="1" stateProvince="Parana">
Município 
<collectorName box="[129,231,491,512]" pageId="1">de Jussara</collectorName>
</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187AFC950FF888186A6A9FA25FD09:8E976062C951FF8B82F4A1D3FEE4FDEE" box="[241,346,491,512]" country="Brazil" county="Municipio de Candido de Abreu" latitude="-23.6" longLatPrecision="1255" longitude="-52.466667" municipality="rio Nestor" name="rio Abelha" pageId="1" stateProvince="Parana">rio Abelha</location>
, tributary to left margin of 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187AFC950FF888186A6A9FA25FD09:8E976062C951FF8B8060A1D3FD11FDEE" box="[613,687,491,512]" country="Brazil" county="Municipio de Candido de Abreu" latitude="-23.6" longLatPrecision="1255" longitude="-52.466667" municipality="rio Nestor" name="rio Ivai" pageId="1" stateProvince="Parana">rio Ivaí</location>
, approx. 
<geoCoordinate box="[129,208,520,541]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" precision="925" value="-23.6">23°36’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[215,305,520,541]" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" precision="925" value="-52.466667">52°28’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[315,445,520,541]" pageId="1" value="1994-11-17">
<collectingDate box="[315,445,520,541]" pageId="1" value="1994-11-17">17 Nov 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName box="[455,535,520,541]" pageId="1">Nupélia</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption pageId="1" startId="1.[809,874,508,531]">
<paragraph blockId="1.[809,1451,508,595]" pageId="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[809,896,508,531]" pageId="1">Table 1.</emphasis>
Morphometric data of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="da Graça &amp; Pavanelli" authorityYear="2008" box="[1138,1451,508,532]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heirmostigmata">
<emphasis box="[1138,1451,508,532]" italics="true" pageId="1">Characidium heirmostigmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(n = 33), range including data of the holotype. SD: standard deviation.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="1.[129,771,581,892]" pageId="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,261,581,604]" pageId="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="da Graça &amp; Pavanelli" authorityYear="2008" box="[284,657,581,605]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heirmostigmata">
<emphasis box="[284,657,581,605]" italics="true" pageId="1">Characidium heirmostigmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from all other congeners, except 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buckup &amp; Reis" authorityYear="1997" box="[653,771,613,636]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serrano">
<emphasis box="[653,671,613,636]" italics="true" pageId="1">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[687,771,613,636]" italics="true" pageId="1">serrano</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(upper rio 
<collectingCountry box="[249,337,645,668]" name="Uruguay" pageId="1">Uruguai</collectingCountry>
basin), by the presence of eight to 11 incomplete oblique bars on body sides, extending upwards and downwards from the lateral line and independent of the eight or nine dorsal transverse bars which usually are present in 
<taxonomicName box="[158,395,772,796]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[158,300,772,796]" italics="true" pageId="1">Characidium</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName authorityName="da Graça &amp; Pavanelli" authorityYear="2008" box="[403,723,772,796]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heirmostigmata">
<emphasis box="[403,723,772,796]" italics="true" pageId="1">Characidium heirmostigmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buckup &amp; Reis" authorityYear="1997" box="[229,340,805,828]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serrano">
<emphasis box="[229,340,805,828]" italics="true" pageId="1">C. serrano</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by wider body width (12.2 to 15.7%) and shorter number of perforated scales on lateral line (32-35) 
<emphasis box="[748,770,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="1">vs</emphasis>
8.7 to 11.1% in SL, and 37-39 scales in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buckup &amp; Reis" authorityYear="1997" box="[543,655,869,892]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serrano">
<emphasis box="[543,655,869,892]" italics="true" pageId="1">C. serrano</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph pageId="1">
<table box="[824,1441,619,1179]" gridcols="5" gridrows="23" pageId="1">
<tr box="[824,1441,619,638]" gridrow="0" pageId="1">
<td box="[824,1088,619,638]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="1">Characters</td>
<td box="[1117,1196,619,638]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="1">Holotype</td>
<td box="[1226,1308,619,638]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="1">Range</td>
<td box="[1336,1385,619,638]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="1">Mean</td>
<td box="[1414,1441,619,638]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="1">SD</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[824,1441,645,664]" gridrow="1" pageId="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td box="[824,1088,645,664]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="1">Total length (mm)</td>
<td box="[1117,1196,645,664]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="1">43.4</td>
<td box="[1226,1308,645,664]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="1">35.9-66.5</td>
<td box="[1336,1385,645,664]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="1">53.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[824,1441,669,688]" gridrow="2" pageId="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td box="[824,1088,669,688]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="1">Standard length (mm)</td>
<td box="[1117,1196,669,688]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="1">35.0</td>
<td box="[1226,1308,669,688]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="1">28.1-54.0</td>
<td box="[1336,1385,669,688]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="1">44.1</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[824,1441,694,713]" gridrow="3" pageId="1">
<td box="[824,1441,694,713]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="1">Percentages of standard length</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[824,1441,719,738]" gridrow="4" pageId="1">
<td box="[824,1088,719,738]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="1">Body depth at dorsal-fin origin</td>
<td box="[1117,1196,719,738]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="1">20.0</td>
<td box="[1226,1308,719,738]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="1">20.0-26.6</td>
<td box="[1336,1385,719,738]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="1">24.6</td>
<td box="[1414,1441,719,738]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="1">1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[824,1441,743,762]" gridrow="5" pageId="1">
<td box="[824,1088,743,762]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="1">Body depth at anal-fin origin</td>
<td box="[1117,1196,743,762]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="1">12.9</td>
<td box="[1226,1308,743,762]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="1">11.0-14.5</td>
<td box="[1336,1385,743,762]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="1">13.3</td>
<td box="[1414,1441,743,762]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="1">0.9</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[824,1441,768,787]" gridrow="6" pageId="1">
<td box="[824,1088,768,787]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="1">Caudal-peduncle depth</td>
<td box="[1117,1196,768,787]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="1">10.0</td>
<td box="[1226,1308,768,787]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="1">9.6-12.3</td>
<td box="[1336,1385,768,787]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="1">11.3</td>
<td box="[1414,1441,768,787]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="1">0.7</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[824,1441,792,811]" gridrow="7" pageId="1">
<td box="[824,1088,792,811]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="1">Head length</td>
<td box="[1117,1196,792,811]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="1">22.9</td>
<td box="[1226,1308,792,811]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="1">22.4-24.6</td>
<td box="[1336,1385,792,811]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="1">23.5</td>
<td box="[1414,1441,792,811]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="1">0.6</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[824,1441,817,836]" gridrow="8" pageId="1">
<td box="[824,1088,817,836]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="1">Caudal-peduncle length</td>
<td box="[1117,1196,817,836]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="1">19.4</td>
<td box="[1226,1308,817,836]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="1">15.6-21.4</td>
<td box="[1336,1385,817,836]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="1">17.9</td>
<td box="[1414,1441,817,836]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="1">1.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[824,1441,841,860]" gridrow="9" pageId="1">
<td box="[824,1088,841,860]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="1">Preanal distance</td>
<td box="[1117,1196,841,860]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="1">74.6</td>
<td box="[1226,1308,841,860]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="1">71.9-77.3</td>
<td box="[1336,1385,841,860]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="1">74.8</td>
<td box="[1414,1441,841,860]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="1">1.4</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[824,1441,866,885]" gridrow="10" pageId="1">
<td box="[824,1088,866,885]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="1">Predorsal distance</td>
<td box="[1117,1196,866,885]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="1">43.5</td>
<td box="[1226,1308,866,885]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="1">43.5-48.1</td>
<td box="[1336,1385,866,885]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="1">46.0</td>
<td box="[1414,1441,866,885]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="1">1.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[824,1441,890,909]" gridrow="11" pageId="1">
<td box="[824,1088,890,909]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="1">Prepectoral distance</td>
<td box="[1117,1196,890,909]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="1">22.6</td>
<td box="[1226,1308,890,909]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="1">20.5-26.0</td>
<td box="[1336,1385,890,909]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="1">23.4</td>
<td box="[1414,1441,890,909]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="1">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[824,1441,915,934]" gridrow="12" pageId="1">
<td box="[824,1088,915,934]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="1">Prepelvic distance</td>
<td box="[1117,1196,915,934]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="1">51.4</td>
<td box="[1226,1308,915,934]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="1">46.1-52.8</td>
<td box="[1336,1385,915,934]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="1">49.4</td>
<td box="[1414,1441,915,934]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="1">1.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[824,1441,939,958]" gridrow="13" pageId="1">
<td box="[824,1088,939,958]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="1">Anal to apex distance</td>
<td box="[1117,1196,939,958]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="1">92.3</td>
<td box="[1226,1308,939,958]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="1">86.0-94.3</td>
<td box="[1336,1385,939,958]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="1">91.3</td>
<td box="[1414,1441,939,958]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="1">1.2</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[824,1441,963,982]" gridrow="14" pageId="1">
<td box="[824,1088,963,982]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="1">Body width</td>
<td box="[1117,1196,963,982]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="1">12.3</td>
<td box="[1226,1308,963,982]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="1">12.2-15.7</td>
<td box="[1336,1385,963,982]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="1">13.4</td>
<td box="[1414,1441,963,982]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="1">0.9</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[824,1441,988,1007]" gridrow="15" pageId="1">
<td box="[824,1441,988,1007]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="1">Percentages of head length</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[824,1441,1013,1032]" gridrow="16" pageId="1">
<td box="[824,1088,1013,1032]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="1">Snout length</td>
<td box="[1117,1196,1013,1032]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="1">26.2</td>
<td box="[1226,1308,1013,1032]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="1">20.3-27.8</td>
<td box="[1336,1385,1013,1032]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="1">24.3</td>
<td box="[1414,1441,1013,1032]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="1">1.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[824,1441,1037,1056]" gridrow="17" pageId="1">
<td box="[824,1088,1037,1056]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="1">Orbital diameter</td>
<td box="[1117,1196,1037,1056]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="1">27.5</td>
<td box="[1226,1308,1037,1056]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="1">27.3-31.9</td>
<td box="[1336,1385,1037,1056]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="1">29.3</td>
<td box="[1414,1441,1037,1056]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="1">1.1</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[824,1441,1062,1081]" gridrow="18" pageId="1">
<td box="[824,1088,1062,1081]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="1">Cheek depth</td>
<td box="[1117,1196,1062,1081]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="1">13.1</td>
<td box="[1226,1308,1062,1081]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="1">11.9-15.4</td>
<td box="[1336,1385,1062,1081]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="1">13.4</td>
<td box="[1414,1441,1062,1081]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="1">0.8</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[824,1441,1086,1105]" gridrow="19" pageId="1">
<td box="[824,1088,1086,1105]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="1">Anterior naris to orbit</td>
<td box="[1117,1196,1086,1105]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="1">12.5</td>
<td box="[1226,1308,1086,1105]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="1">8.6-12.5</td>
<td box="[1336,1385,1086,1105]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="1">10.7</td>
<td box="[1414,1441,1086,1105]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="1">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[824,1441,1111,1130]" gridrow="20" pageId="1">
<td box="[824,1088,1111,1130]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="1">Posterior naris to orbit</td>
<td box="[1117,1196,1111,1130]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="1">5.2</td>
<td box="[1226,1308,1111,1130]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="1">3.8-5.7</td>
<td box="[1336,1385,1111,1130]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="1">4.7</td>
<td box="[1414,1441,1111,1130]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="1">0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[824,1441,1135,1154]" gridrow="21" pageId="1">
<td box="[824,1088,1135,1154]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="1">Snout to maxillary tip</td>
<td box="[1117,1196,1135,1154]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="1">25.0</td>
<td box="[1226,1308,1135,1154]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="1">20.0-25.6</td>
<td box="[1336,1385,1135,1154]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="1">22.8</td>
<td box="[1414,1441,1135,1154]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="1">1.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[824,1441,1160,1179]" gridrow="22" pageId="1">
<td box="[824,1088,1160,1179]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="1">Interorbital distance</td>
<td box="[1117,1196,1160,1179]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="1">23.7</td>
<td box="[1226,1308,1160,1179]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="1">21.0-25.5</td>
<td box="[1336,1385,1160,1179]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="1">23.2</td>
<td box="[1414,1441,1160,1179]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="1">1.3</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" pageId="1" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="1.[129,771,933,1180]" lastBlockId="1.[809,1452,261,476]" pageId="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,264,933,956]" pageId="1">Description.</emphasis>
Morphometric data summarized in 
<tableCitation box="[628,704,933,956]" captionStart="Table1" captionStartId="1.[809,874,508,531]" captionText="Table1. Morphometric data of Characidium heirmostigmata (n = 33), range including data of the holotype. SD: standard deviation." pageId="1">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Body fusiform, moderately compressed. Dorsal profile convex between anterior tip of snout and dorsal-fin origin, except for small concavity due to inflexion of supraocciptal process, almost straight between bases of dorsal and caudal fins. Ventral profile convex, moderately arched between lower lip and posterior end of pelvic-fin base, straight between pelvic-fin base and anal-fin origin, and slightly concave between pel- vic-fin origin and caudal fin base. Greatest body depth at dorsal-fin origin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[809,1452,261,476]" pageId="1">Snout blunt and rounded, its tip at about same level as ventral margin of orbit. Mouth small and subterminal. Maxillary bone moderately elongated, reaching anterior margin of orbital. Orbit circular, slightly larger than snout length. Cheek smaller than orbit, its depth about one-third of orbit diameter.</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5419892" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5419892" box="[130,1243,1558,1582]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5419892/files/figure.png" pageId="1" startId="1.[130,169,1558,1581]" targetBox="[130,1452,1223,1547]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph blockId="1.[130,1243,1558,1582]" box="[130,1243,1558,1582]" pageId="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[130,199,1558,1581]" pageId="1">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="da Graça &amp; Pavanelli" authorityYear="2008" box="[204,516,1558,1582]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heirmostigmata">
<emphasis box="[204,516,1558,1582]" italics="true" pageId="1">Characidium heirmostigmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype, MZUSP 97738, 35.0 mm SL. Picture horizontally flipped.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5419894" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5419894" box="[128,888,2021,2045]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5419894/files/figure.png" pageId="1" startId="1.[128,167,2022,2045]" targetBox="[129,1451,1591,2009]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph blockId="1.[128,888,2021,2045]" box="[128,888,2021,2045]" pageId="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[128,189,2022,2045]" pageId="1">Fig. 2</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="da Graça &amp; Pavanelli" authorityYear="2008" box="[201,514,2021,2045]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heirmostigmata">
<emphasis box="[201,514,2021,2045]" italics="true" pageId="1">Characidium heirmostigmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, paratype, NUP 1393, 40.8 mm SL.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="2.[633,1459,181,205]" box="[633,1459,181,205]" pageId="2">
<emphasis box="[633,954,181,203]" italics="true" pageId="2">W. J. da Graça &amp; C. S. Pavanelli</emphasis>
55
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,779,261,1436]" pageId="2">Nares separated; posterior naris considerably closer to eye than to anterior naris; margin of anterior naris raised, forming circular rim; dermal flaps sometimes present in posterior naris. Supraorbital present, somewhat triangular in dorsal view, medial edge abutting frontal, anterior end narrow and directed away from frontal. Parietal branch of supraorbital canal absent. Parietal fontanel anteriorly limited by frontals. Branchiostegal rays 4(3); three attached to anterior ceratohyal and one to posterior ceratohyal. Orbitosphenoid slightly rectangular in lateral view, connected anteriorly to rhinosphenoid, posteriorly with pterosphenoid, with posterior-ventral free margin concave. Pterosphenoid foramen for ophthalmic nerve relatively small, formed by tunnel crossing pterosphenoid diagonally, bordered ventrally by bony crest, preventing direct lateral view of brain cavity through foramen. Gill-rakers 7(33*) on cerato and 4(33*) on epibranchial limb of first branchial arch.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,779,261,1436]" pageId="2">Outer dentary teeth 8(33*), gradually decreasing in size, with three triangular cusps, occasionally with minute lateral cusp on medialmost teeth. Inner dentary teeth absent. Premaxillary teeth 6(4), 7(22*) or 8(7), all conic, posteriorly curved. Ectopterygoid teeth conic in single row 5(1), 6(1) or 8(1). Mesopterygoid teeth absent (3).</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,779,261,1436]" pageId="2">Scales cycloid; about 10-12 radii on posterior field of large scales. Small axillary scale present on pelvic-fin insertion, its tip extending about two or three scales posteriorly (33*). Lateral line complete 32(6), 33(6*), 34(19) or 35(2) perforated scales. Scale rows above lateral line 4(19) or 5(14*); and below 4(13) or 5(20*). Scales in predorsal series 12(33*). Scales around caudal peduncle 12(33*). Isthmus completely scaled.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,779,261,1436]" pageId="2">Dorsal-fin rays iii,10(24*) or iii,11(9); pectoral-fin rays iii,10(26*) or iii,11(7); pelvic-fin rays i,8(20*) or i,9(13); analfin rays ii,8(14*) or ii,9(19); caudal-fin rays i,9,8,i(33*).All fins with posterior margin rounded, except bifurcate caudal fin. Adipose fin present.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,779,261,1436]" pageId="2">Total number of vertebrae 34(3). Supraneurals between neural spine of fourth centrum and first dorsal-fin pterygiophore 4(3). Epurals 3(3). Uroneural present (3).</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,779,1477,2043]" pageId="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,328,1477,1500]" pageId="2">Color in alcohol.</emphasis>
Background color of head and body pale yellow. Chromatophores distributed over entire surface of head, including cheek and gular area, more densely on dorsolateral region; diffuse, oblique, dark stripe extending from tip of snout to anterior margin of orbit, continuing longitudinally from posterior margin of orbit to preopercle. Dark humeral spot conspicuous and vertically elongate. Chromatophores near edge of exposed area of scales above lateral line forming reticulate pattern. Thin dark brown, longitudinal midlateral stripe accompanying lateral line, sometimes inconspicuous. Dark middorsal blotches 8(12*), 9(21). Vertical bars on body sides not corresponding in number or position to middorsal blotches; bars irregular, vertical or anteriorly tilted 8(10*), 10(12) or 11(11) extending down and backward from lateral line scales. Small, black spot near base of middle caudal-fin rays. Pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins hyaline. Dorsal fin with insconspicuous dark, transverse bands. Caudal fin with irregular vertical bands.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1459,261,406]" pageId="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,1050,261,284]" pageId="2">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
External sexual differences between males and females of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="da Graça &amp; Pavanelli" authorityYear="2008" box="[1049,1367,290,314]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heirmostigmata">
<emphasis box="[1049,1367,290,314]" italics="true" pageId="2">Characidium heirmostigmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, such as coloration pattern or hooks on fins, were not found, even with the examination of breeding males and two living specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1458,444,529]" pageId="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,960,444,467]" pageId="2">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from rio Abelha, rio Barra Grande, and rio Nestor, tributaries to rio Ivaí, upper rio 
<collectingRegion box="[1315,1388,475,498]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="2">Paraná</collectingRegion>
basin, 
<collectingRegion box="[816,947,506,529]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="2">Paraná State</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[956,1020,506,529]" name="Brazil" pageId="2">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation box="[1032,1094,506,529]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[820,859,1860,1883]" captionTargetBox="[816,1458,1353,1830]" captionTargetId="figure-756@2.[816,1458,1353,1830]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3. Partial map of Brazil and adjoining countries, showing the distribution of the new species. Triangle refers to the type-locality of Characidium heirmostigmata (rio Barra Grande), losangle demonstrates rio Nestor and dot indicates rioAbelha, all affluents of the rio Ivaí, upper rio Paraná basin. Symbols represent more than one lot of paratypes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5419896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5419896/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1458,566,651]" pageId="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,946,567,590]" pageId="2">Etymology.</emphasis>
From the Greek 
<emphasis box="[1132,1219,566,590]" italics="true" pageId="2">heirmos</emphasis>
(series) plus 
<emphasis box="[1365,1458,567,590]" italics="true" pageId="2">stigmata</emphasis>
(plural of 
<emphasis box="[928,1000,598,621]" italics="true" pageId="2">stigma</emphasis>
= marks), referring to the series of black marks present on the body sides. A noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1458,689,743]" pageId="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,998,690,713]" pageId="2">Common name.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="da Graça &amp; Pavanelli" authorityYear="2008" box="[1005,1323,689,713]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heirmostigmata">
<emphasis box="[1005,1323,689,713]" italics="true" pageId="2">Characidium heirmostigmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is popularly known in the sampled region as “canivete” or “mocinha”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>