333 lines
35 KiB
XML
333 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="35E117132E8B40D5CA41934AF891D6DE" ID-CLB-Dataset="46585" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3755.4.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="84daf2f9-bc32-464b-a08a-38a04441c575" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="230443" ID-ZooBank="37FB45C6-DBF3-4110-974E-64B5BCEA5D9D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460374475350" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moussi, Abdelhamid, Abba, Abderrahmane, Harrat, Abboud & Petit, Daniel" docDate="2014" docId="03E187A59D030362FF66F983FBB0FE56" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03755p390.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3755 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pamphagulus uvarovi subsp. uvarovi" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="388" masterDocId="FFD8FFDD9D05036BFFF1FFDEFFDAFF85" masterDocTitle="Description of Dociostaurus biskrensis sp. nov. and male allotypes of four species: Pamphagulus bodenheimeri dumonti, P. uvarovi, Sphingonotus ebneri and Notopleura pygmaea (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) in the region of Biskra, Algeria" masterLastPageNumber="390" masterPageNumber="379" pageNumber="385" updateTime="1698296167090" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="13283CD23E6D86409927F67F98280DE9">Description of Dociostaurus biskrensis sp. nov. and male allotypes of four species: Pamphagulus bodenheimeri dumonti, P. uvarovi, Sphingonotus ebneri and Notopleura pygmaea (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) in the region of Biskra, Algeria</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="27BCE71DBAFA1645196B3C17BC912A78">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="09065A0BE1FB87F1483E83410AE89F18">Moussi, Abdelhamid</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="904251EF4141D302AEA59018539D43E4">Abba, Abderrahmane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="17538418B869214DB983BD396C1C6903">Harrat, Abboud</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="C2DAFDA628D3902788B6B4F759AD5AA1" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="09F24FAD6893737F66D58EA04BE8AD18">Petit, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="62171CE3E87B9B34707B8BACF59EA43E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1D748D6F64DFA53690306E7FA1DC1A8E">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FA469849443B2102E608FB742952CCDA">3755</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E187A59D030362FF66F983FBB0FE56" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5692151" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119412835" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5692151" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187A59D030362FF66F983FBB0FE56" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E187A59D030362FF66F983FBB0FE56" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="388" pageId="6" pageNumber="385">
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<subSubSection id="C35265389D03036DFF66F983FBE1F93B" pageId="6" pageNumber="385" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF736B39D03036DFF66F983FE29F9F3" blockId="6.[151,499,1629,1654]" box="[151,499,1629,1654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="385">
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<heading id="D0BF81DF9D03036DFF66F983FE29F9F3" bold="true" box="[151,499,1629,1654]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="385" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D03036DFF66F983FE29F9F3" box="[151,499,1629,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="uvarovi" subSpecies="uvarovi">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D03036DFF66F983FE29F9F3" bold="true" box="[151,499,1629,1654]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="385">Pamphagulus uvarovi uvarovi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF736B39D03036DFF66F97BFBE1F93B" blockId="6.[151,1436,1701,2014]" box="[151,1083,1701,1726]" pageId="6" pageNumber="385">
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Male Allotype,
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<date id="FFF610739D03036DFEB6F978FE44F93B" box="[327,414,1702,1726]" pageId="6" pageNumber="385" value="2009-11-07">7/XI/09</date>
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Bir Naam, Biskra, MNHN, Paris. MNHN-EO-CAELIF997
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35265389D03036CFF36F914FC4EF86B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="386" pageId="6" pageNumber="385" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF736B39D03036DFF36F914FF01F8CB" blockId="6.[151,1436,1701,2014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="385">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D03036DFF36F914FE83F966" bold="true" box="[199,345,1738,1763]" pageId="6" pageNumber="385">Description.</emphasis>
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smaller size and less rough than the previous species. The general coloring is variable from whitish brown to sandy whitish and also sometimes green whitish females in autumn. The antennae are of 15 articles. The pronotum is without gibbosity, finely high. There are 10 internal spines and 10 external spines on hind tibias.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF736B39D03036DFF36F884FD1DF85B" blockId="6.[151,1436,1701,2014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="385">
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Genitalia: The study of male genitalia has demonstrated a difference between the epiphalle extracted from these two species (fig.).
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D03036DFE5CF8A1FDC4F813" box="[429,542,1919,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uvarovi">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D03036DFE5CF8A1FDC4F813" box="[429,542,1919,1942]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="385">P. uvarovi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lophi are almost straight and parallel to the ancorae whereas the lophi of
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D03036DFA9BF8A1FF29F83E" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bodenheimeri" subSpecies="dumonti">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D03036DFA9BF8A1FF29F83E" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="385">P. b. dumonti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are reflexed and are oblique to the ancorae. Therefore the epiphalle is considered as an important parameter to identify the species of P
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<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D03036DFDC6F81BFD1AF85B" box="[567,704,1989,2014]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="385">amphagulus</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF37663B9D02036CFF66FA04FD28F9EF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230446/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="386" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1472]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph id="8BF736B39D02036CFF66FA04FD28F9EF" blockId="7.[151,1436,1498,1642]" pageId="7" pageNumber="386">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D02036CFF66FA04FECDFA6A" bold="true" box="[151,279,1498,1520]" pageId="7" pageNumber="386">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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Male allotypes of
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D02036CFE18FA04FD86FA75" box="[489,604,1498,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Notopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D02036CFE18FA04FD86FA75" box="[489,604,1498,1520]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="386">Notopleura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D02036CFD66FA04FCF8FA75" box="[663,802,1498,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D02036CFD66FA04FCF8FA75" box="[663,802,1498,1520]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="386">Pamphagulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D02036CFCC5FA04FBD4FA75" box="[820,1038,1498,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Notopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D02036CFCC5FA04FBD4FA75" box="[820,1038,1498,1520]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="386">Notopleura pygmaea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. A: lateral view; B: dorsal view of epiphallus; C: drawing of the dorsal view of epiphallus; D: dorsal view; E: epiphallus of
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D02036CFBAAFA24FB21F98B" box="[1115,1275,1528,1551]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Notopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhelbanensis">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D02036CFBAAFA24FB21F98B" box="[1115,1275,1528,1551]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="386">N. rhelbanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D02036CFAE0FA26FEB7F9A8" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="386">
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D02036CFAE0FA26FEEFF9A8" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="uvarovi" subSpecies="uvarovi">Pamphagulus uvarovi uvarovi</taxonomicName>
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male
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</emphasis>
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. F: dorsal view; G: lateral view; H: front head; I: drawing of the dorsal view of epiphallus; J: dorsal view of epiphallus;
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D02036CFEDDF9EBFD7CF9CE" box="[300,678,1589,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bodenheimeri" subSpecies="dumonti">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D02036CFEDDF9EBFD7CF9CE" box="[300,678,1589,1611]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="386">Pamphagulus bodenheimeri dumonti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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male; K: dorsal view; L: lateral view; M: drawing of the dorsal view of epiphallus; N: dorsal view of epiphallus. Scale bar = 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BF736B39D02036CFF36F94FFD6AF977" blockId="7.[151,1436,1681,2031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="386">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D02036CFF36F94FFD77F92F" bold="true" box="[199,685,1681,1706]" pageId="7" pageNumber="386">
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Morphometric analysis of
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D02036CFDF7F94FFD7CF92F" box="[518,678,1681,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D02036CFDF7F94FFD7CF92F" bold="true" box="[518,678,1681,1706]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="386">Pamphagulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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We used morphometric data for analysis of the main components for the two sexes of
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D02036CFE75F96BFDC4F94B" box="[388,542,1717,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D02036CFE75F96BFDC4F94B" box="[388,542,1717,1742]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="386">Pamphagulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The goal was to know the contribution of each variable and if the males and females of each species could be easily defined.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF736B39D02036CFF36F923FC4EF86B" blockId="7.[151,1436,1681,2031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="386">
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The graph of the projection on the plane defined by axes F1 and F2 (fig. 4) after the analysis of the principal components of morphological data measured on males and females of
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D02036CFC41F8FFFB90F8BF" box="[944,1098,1825,1850]" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D02036CFC41F8FFFB90F8BF" box="[944,1098,1825,1850]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="386">Pamphagulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shows an opposition between males for both species. Indeed, the individuals of
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D02036CFD2BF899FCA8F8DB" box="[730,882,1861,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bodenheimeri" subSpecies="dumonti">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D02036CFD2BF899FCA8F8DB" box="[730,882,1861,1886]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="386">P. b. dumonti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differ from other individuals of
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D02036CFB1FF899FAACF8DB" box="[1262,1398,1863,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="uvarovi" subSpecies="uvarovi">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D02036CFB1FF899FAACF8DB" box="[1262,1398,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="386">P.u. uvarovi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by higher values of the total body length, width and length of femur, and pronotum length demonstrated by a discriminant analysis (AFD). However an overlap between females indicates a more difficult identification between females then between males. However, the femur width and the head length are slightly more important in
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D02036CFF66F809FEF0F86B" box="[151,298,2005,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bodenheimeri" subSpecies="dumonti">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D02036CFF66F809FEF0F86B" box="[151,298,2005,2030]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="386">P. b. dumonti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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than in
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D02036CFE74F809FDD3F86B" box="[389,521,2007,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="uvarovi" subSpecies="uvarovi">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D02036CFE74F809FDD3F86B" box="[389,521,2007,2030]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="386">P.u. uvarovi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and the contrary for femur length.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF37663B9D0D0363FF66FB4CFD08FB42" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230447/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" targetBox="[180,1398,199,1134]" targetPageId="8">
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<paragraph id="8BF736B39D0D0363FF66FB4CFD08FB42" blockId="8.[151,1434,1170,1223]" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FF66FB4CFECCFB22" bold="true" box="[151,278,1170,1192]" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
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Projection on the two first axes of ACP for morphometric characters of
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0D0363FBEAFB4CFA8BFB2D" box="[1051,1361,1170,1192]" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="uvarovi" subSpecies="uvarovi">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FBEAFB4CFA8BFB2D" box="[1051,1361,1170,1192]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">
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Pamphagulus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0D0363FB41FB4DFA8BFB2D" box="[1200,1361,1171,1192]" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" rank="species" species="uvarovi">uvarovi uvarovi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FA78FB4DFE59FB42" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0D0363FA78FB4DFEA4FB42" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bodenheimeri" subSpecies="dumonti">P. bodenheimeri dumonti</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Abreviations: same as in table 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35265389D0D0362FF36FB2DFBB0FE56" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="388" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736B39D0D0363FF36FB2DFAB8FAD1" blockId="8.[151,1436,1267,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FF36FB2DFEFDFA89" bold="true" box="[199,295,1267,1292]" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0D0363FE9DFB2DFDDCFA89" box="[364,518,1267,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FE9DFB2DFDDCFA89" box="[364,518,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">Pamphagulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are generally found very close or in the shrubs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0D0363FB8BFB2DFB16FA89" box="[1146,1228,1267,1292]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Salsola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FB8BFB2DFB16FA89" box="[1146,1228,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">Salsola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0D0363FB10FB2AFF29FAB5" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bodenheimeri" subSpecies="dumonti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FB10FB2AFF29FAB5" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">P. bodenheimeri dumonti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0D0363FEE6FAC6FE60FAB5" box="[279,442,1303,1328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Salsola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vermiculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FEE6FAC6FE60FAB5" box="[279,442,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">S. vermiculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0D0363FE01FAC6FDA3FAAA" box="[496,633,1304,1327]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Salsola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tetragona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FE01FAC6FDA3FAAA" box="[496,633,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">S. tetragona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0D0363FD5DFAC6FCA2FAAA" box="[684,888,1304,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="uvarovi" subSpecies="uvarovi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FD5DFAC6FCA2FAAA" box="[684,888,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">P. uvarovi uvarovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0D0363FC6CFAC6FB9AFAB5" box="[925,1088,1303,1328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Salsola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vermiculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FC6CFAC6FB9AFAB5" box="[925,1088,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">S. vermiculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spread in only one biotope. At the slightest noise or disturbance, they escape by jumping on the nearest bush and hide between the branches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736B39D0D0363FF36FA81FD07F9F1" blockId="8.[151,1436,1267,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">
|
||
Diet: Microscopic analysis of epidermal characters in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0D0363FCB5FA81FC04FAFD" box="[836,990,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FCB5FA81FC04FAFD" box="[836,990,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">Pamphagulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
faeces revealed two
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F388119D0D0363FB2AFABEFACCFAFD" box="[1243,1302,1376,1400]" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of the leaf epidermis remains. The most striking criterion in the distinction between these two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0D0363FBCCFA5DFB4AFA19" box="[1085,1168,1411,1436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Salsola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FBCCFA5DFB4AFA19" box="[1085,1168,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">Salsola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species is the extension of the epidermal hairs, the hairs stretched out with regular branches in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0D0363FC48FA76FB81FA45" box="[953,1115,1447,1472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Salsola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vermiculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FC48FA76FB81FA45" box="[953,1115,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">S. vermiculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the extensions of more or less long gloves in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0D0363FE61FA15FD82FA66" box="[400,600,1483,1508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Salsola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tetragona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FE61FA15FD82FA66" box="[400,600,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">Salsola tetragona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. From our analyses of the faeces, it clearly appears that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0D0363FAF3FA15FA46FA61" box="[1282,1436,1483,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FAF3FA15FA46FA61" box="[1282,1436,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">Pamphagulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only consume the plants of genus
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FDD9FA31FD25F982" box="[552,767,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0D0363FDD9FA31FDA4F98D" box="[552,638,1519,1544]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Salsola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Salsola</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0D0363FD7DFA2EFD25F982" box="[652,767,1520,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uvarovi">P. uvarovi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
preferred feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0D0363FC0EFA2EFB7EF98D" box="[1023,1188,1519,1544]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Salsola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vermiculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FC0EFA2EFB7EF98D" box="[1023,1188,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">S. vermiculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at 98.27% and on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0D0363FA76FA2EFEDEF9AE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Salsola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tetragona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FA76FA2EFEDEF9AE" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">S. tetragona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at 1.73%. On the other hand
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0D0363FD71F9CAFC7DF9A9" box="[640,935,1555,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bodenheimeri" subSpecies="dumonti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FD71F9CAFC7DF9A9" box="[640,935,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">P. bodenheimeri dumonti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
preferred
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0D0363FBDBF9CAFB61F9AE" box="[1066,1211,1556,1579]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Salsola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tetragona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FBDBF9CAFB61F9AE" box="[1066,1211,1556,1579]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">S. tetragona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at 87.25% and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0D0363FA76F9CAFEC7F9D5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Salsola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vermiculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FA76F9CAFA4FF9AE" box="[1415,1429,1556,1579]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FF66F9E9FEC7F9D5" box="[151,285,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">vermiculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
12.75%. These results show that the 2 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0D0363FCBDF9E9FC3CF9D5" box="[844,998,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FCBDF9E9FC3CF9D5" box="[844,998,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">Pamphagulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are monophagous (a single genus) and has a diet adapted to the high salinity of halophytes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736B39D0D0363FF36F9A1FA9FF8EA" blockId="8.[151,1436,1267,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">
|
||
Phenology:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0D0363FEBCF95EFE67F912" box="[333,445,1664,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uvarovi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FEBCF95EFE67F912" box="[333,445,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">P. uvarovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a summer-autumn grasshopper leaving in a steppe environment (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B429D0D0363FB42F9A1FA4AF91D" author="Moussi" box="[1203,1424,1663,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" refString="Moussi, A., Abba, A., Harrat, A. & Petit, D. (2011) Desert acridian fauna (Orthoptera, Acridomorpha): comparison between steppic and oasian habitats in Algeria. Comptes Rendus de Biologies, 334, 158 - 167. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. crvi. 2010.12.001" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Moussi
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FAFFF95EFA9DF91D" box="[1294,1351,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The first adults are met from early July until late January. The peak is observed in September–October, indicating a single generation. A full coupling female was seen in the-mid August and another one at the end of December. The dissection of the ovaries of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4EFD3A9D0D0363FE2EF932FD95F881" box="[479,591,1771,1796]" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" type="female">7 females</specimenCount>
|
||
in December showed mature basal oocytes in their ovarioles. Dissected ovaries contained between 5 and 7 basal oocytes, yellow-orange and very elongated (
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B569D0D0363FBAEF8D1FB1CF8A2" box="[1119,1222,1807,1832]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.38" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" unit="mm" value="5.38">5.38 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B569D0D0363FA9AF8D1FF19F8CE" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" unit="mm" value="1.35">1.35 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter). This reflects the biological activity and the predisposition to the egg-laying process. The absence of adults after this month until next July is indicating a period of embryonic or larval developmental arrest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736B39D0D0362FF36F8A2FCE8FEC6" blockId="8.[151,1436,1267,2012]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,467]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="388" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0D0363FF36F8A2FEB9F811" box="[199,355,1915,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bodenheimeri" subSpecies="dumonti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FF36F8A2FEB9F811" box="[199,355,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">P. b. dumonti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a species present almost all the year-round in dry spaces in an oasis environment where prevails a halophilic vegetation dominated by two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0D0363FCA5F841FC7DF83D" box="[852,935,1951,1976]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Salsola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="387" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0D0363FCA5F841FC7DF83D" box="[852,935,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="387">Salsola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There are two periods during which adults were found to have a high density, indicating the presence of two generations. The mid-year period corresponds to the end of the 1st generation and the beginning of the 2nd one (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B429D0C0362FC8CFF44FBBCFF36" author="Moussi" box="[893,1126,154,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="388" refString="Moussi, A., Abba, A., Harrat, A. & Petit, D. (2011) Desert acridian fauna (Orthoptera, Acridomorpha): comparison between steppic and oasian habitats in Algeria. Comptes Rendus de Biologies, 334, 158 - 167. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. crvi. 2010.12.001" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Moussi
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0C0362FC2DFF42FBC2FF36" box="[988,1048,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="388">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Eight females have been dissected in the month of April, but only 6 of them contained respectively 3, 4, 5, 6, 12 and12 basal oocytes in their ovarioles. When we dissected
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4EFD3A9D0C0362FE1FFF3DFD81FF7E" box="[494,603,226,251]" pageId="9" pageNumber="388" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
|
||
in December, they contained 5 or 6 basal oocytes. That seems to confirm the two periods of ovarian activity of this species. This species show oocytes of the same color as the previous species, but of
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B569D0C0362FECEFEF5FE79FEC7" box="[319,419,299,323]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.73" pageId="9" pageNumber="388" unit="mm" value="4.73">4.73 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B569D0C0362FDB2FEF5FD7DFEC7" box="[579,679,299,323]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.39" pageId="9" pageNumber="388" unit="mm" value="1.39">1.39 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736B39D0C0362FF36FE91FBB0FE56" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,467]" pageId="9" pageNumber="388">
|
||
So the two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0C0362FEBCFE90FE3DFEE2" box="[333,487,334,359]" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0C0362FEBCFE90FE3DFEE2" box="[333,487,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="388">Pamphagulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are both pledged to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0C0362FCC2FE90FC5CFEE2" box="[819,902,334,359]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Salsola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="9" pageNumber="388" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0C0362FCC2FE90FC5CFEE2" box="[819,902,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="388">Salsola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bushes which constitute both food source and shelter. However, the two grasshopper species have a different diet specialization on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0C0362FBB6FEACFB40FE0E" box="[1095,1178,370,395]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Salsola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="9" pageNumber="388" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0C0362FBB6FEACFB40FE0E" box="[1095,1178,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="388">Salsola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
leaves. Their habitat is also well separated: oasis for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0C0362FE15FE46FDA2FE2A" box="[484,632,406,431]" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bodenheimeri" subSpecies="dumonti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0C0362FE15FE46FDA2FE2A" box="[484,632,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="388">P. b. dumonti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, allowing 2 generations a year and shorter oocytes, and steppe for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D309D0C0362FA9AFE46FF31FE56" class="Insecta" family="Eospilopteronidae" genus="Pamphagulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="uvarovi" subSpecies="uvarovi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAA19D0C0362FA9AFE46FF31FE56" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="388">P. u. uvarovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, allowing only one generation in the second half of the year but longer oocytes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |