treatments-xml/data/03/D6/13/03D6135B0A0DC57D39AC53D9FCB1F9CF.xml

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<mods:title id="FC1FAAE8757C76170B49A4729502C102">A new species of Palaemon (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from West Africa, with a re-description of Palaemon maculatus (Thallwitz, 1892)</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C9E81D4ADB91E2E9FDCFE043FCD06444">2009</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A0DC57A39AC53D9FDC4FD52" ID-CoL="1f6f379c-d8b5-4527-b770-b9f670d45ac2" authority="Thallwitz 1892" authorityName="Thallwitz" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,617,699,726]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
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<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0DC57A39AC53D9FE38FD51" bold="true" box="[151,405,700,726]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Palaemon maculatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A389E53DEFDCCFD52" author="Thallwitz" box="[421,609,699,725]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Thallwitz, J. (1892) Decapoden-studien, ibesondere basirt auf A. B. Meyer's sammlungen im Ostindischen Archipel, nebst einer aufzahlung der decapoden und stomatopoden des Dresdener Museum. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Koniglichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden, 1890 - 91 (3): 1 - 55; Plate 1." type="journal article" year="1892">Thallwitz 1892</bibRefCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A0DC57A39AC53BBFE8FFD7F" blockId="1.[151,617,699,760]" box="[151,290,734,760]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
<figureCitation id="1344BEC80A0DC57A39AC53BBFE8FFD7F" box="[151,290,734,760]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="2.[151,258,1867,1891]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,257,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox-0="[188,1391,194,1866]" captionTargetBox-1="[167,1413,188,1910]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[175,1419,159,1893]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[160,1424,144,1919]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Palaemon maculatus (Thallwitz). Bonny River, Nigeria. USNM 181904. A. Frontal region, lateral. B. Same, eye removed. C. Abdomen, lateral view. D. Sixth pleonite, lateral view. E. Telson, distal part. F. Antennule. G. mandible. H. First pleopod, male. I. Second pleopod, male. J. Appendices masculina and interna. A – G ovigerous female, pocl 6.8; H – J male, pocl 4.8. Scale bars indicate 2 mm (A, C), 1 mm (B, D, F, H, I), 0.5 mm (J), 0.35 mm (E) or 0.25 mm (G)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Palaemon maculatus (Thallwitz). Bonny River, Nigeria, ov. female (pocl 6.8). USNM 181904. A. First pereiopod. B. Second pereiopod. C. Same, chela. D. Third pereiopod. E. Same, dactylus. F. Fourth pereiopod. G. Fifth pereiopod. Scale bars indicate 1 mm (B, D, F – G), 0.7 mm (A), 0.5 mm (C) or 0.35 mm (E)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/187393/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/187394/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Figures 1–2</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A0DC57A39AC5249FF5DFCC4" ID-CoL="2e0273fa-daa8-445f-8861-8d3abb9f3922" box="[151,240,812,835]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Leander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leander</taxonomicName>
maculatus—
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADE845C0A0DC57A38BF5249FDF2FCC4" author="Thallwitz" box="[388,607,812,835]" page="19" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" year="1892">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A38BF5249FD9FFCC4" author="Thallwitz" box="[388,562,812,835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Thallwitz, J. (1892) Decapoden-studien, ibesondere basirt auf A. B. Meyer's sammlungen im Ostindischen Archipel, nebst einer aufzahlung der decapoden und stomatopoden des Dresdener Museum. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Koniglichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden, 1890 - 91 (3): 1 - 55; Plate 1." type="journal article" year="1892">Thallwitz 1892</bibRefCitation>
: 19
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–20, 49, 
<figureCitation id="1344BEC80A0DC57A3BF55249FCB9FCC4" box="[718,788,812,835]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,256,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[221,1353,197,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[213,1371,197,1899]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Palaemon powelli sp. nov., paratype NHM 1980.325 c. A. Mandible. B. Third maxilliped. C. Antennular peduncle, mesial view. D. Antennular flagella, proximal part. E. Telson. F. Same, distal part. Scale bar indicates 1 mm (B-E), 0.8 mm (A) or 0.5 mm (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187396/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE845C0A0DC57A3A085249FBABFCC4" author="Rankin" box="[819,1030,812,835]" page="246" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" year="1898">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A3A085249FC66FCC4" author="Rankin" box="[819,971,812,835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" refString="Rankin, W. M. (1898) The Northrop collection of Crustacea from the Bahamas. Annals New York Academy of Science 11: 225 - 258, Pl 29 - 30." type="journal article" year="1898">Rankin 1898</bibRefCitation>
: 246
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.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE845C0A0DC57A3D1D5249FB46FCC4" author="De" box="[1062,1259,812,835]" page="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" year="1923">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A3D1D5249FB63FCC4" author="De" box="[1062,1230,812,835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" refString="De Man, J. G. (1923) Leander longirostris (H. M. - Edw.) var. robusta nov. var., the common prawn of the estuary of the Meuse and of the Hollandsch Diep. Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging ser 2: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1923">
<collectingCountry id="F368E2DD0A0DC57A3D1D5249FBEBFCC4" box="[1062,1094,812,835]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">De</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="F368E2DD0A0DC57A3D6E5249FB2BFCC4" box="[1109,1158,812,835]" name="Isle of Man" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Man</collectingCountry>
1923
</bibRefCitation>
: 3
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.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE845C0A0DC57A3C305249FF5DFCE4" author="Kemp" page="290" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" year="1925">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A3C305249FA35FCC4" author="Kemp" box="[1291,1432,812,835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" refString="Kemp, S. (1925) On various Caridea. Notes on Crustacea Decapoda in the Indian Museum, 17. Records from the Indian Museum, 27 (4), 249 - 343." type="journal article" year="1925">Kemp 1925</bibRefCitation>
: 290
</treatmentCitation>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE845C0A0DC57A38345229FE61FCE4" author="De" box="[271,460,844,867]" page="36" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" year="1925">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A38345229FE0AFCE4" author="De" box="[271,423,844,867]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" refString="De Man, J. G. (1925) Contribution a l'etude des decapodes macroures marins et fluviatiles du Bassin du Congo. Annales du Musee du Congo Belge, Zoologie, Serie III, Arthropodes. Section III - Crustaces, 1 (1): 1 - 54 + Tables A - H'." type="journal article" year="1925">
<collectingCountry id="F368E2DD0A0DC57A38345229FE82FCE4" box="[271,303,844,867]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">De</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="F368E2DD0A0DC57A380D5229FECAFCE4" box="[310,359,844,867]" name="Isle of Man" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Man</collectingCountry>
1925
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: 36
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–38, 
<figureCitation id="1344BEC80A0DC57A3B3A5229FDEAFCE4" box="[513,583,844,867]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1360,1384]" captionTargetBox="[184,1414,678,1323]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[150,1435,661,1336]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Palaemon powelli sp. nov., rostral variation NHM 1980.325 d. A. Ov. female, pocl 4.6. B. Ov. female, pocl 5.0. C. Ov. female, pocl 4.6. D. Female, pocl 3.0. E. Female, pocl 3.4. F. Female (pocl 3.5). Scale bar indicates 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187400/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
a–d.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE845C0A0DC57A3BB55229FCF7FCE4" author="Barnard" box="[654,858,844,867]" page="782" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" year="1950">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A3BB55229FC8AFCE4" author="Barnard" box="[654,807,844,867]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1950) Descriptive Catalogue of South African Decapod Crustacea (Crabs and Shrimps). Annals of the South African Museum 38: 1 - 837." type="journal article" year="1950">Barnard 1950</bibRefCitation>
: 782
</treatmentCitation>
–783.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE845C0A0DC57A3A955229FB2AFCE4" author="Dartevelle" box="[942,1159,844,867]" page="33" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" year="1950">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A3A955229FBF3FCE4" author="Dartevelle" box="[942,1118,844,867]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" refString="Dartevelle, E. (1950) La cote et l'estuaire du Congo. Memoires Institut Royal Colonial Belge, (Section Des Sciences Naturelles et Medicales 8 º) 19 (2): 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1950">Dartevelle 1950</bibRefCitation>
: 33
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.
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6F85630A0DC57A39AC5209FBA2FC04" box="[151,1039,876,899]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A0DC57A39AC5209FEDFFC04" ID-CoL="cec9a42f-844d-457e-9695-ce07b0e29bb1" box="[151,370,876,899]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edwardsii">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0DC57A39AC5209FEDFFC04" box="[151,370,876,899]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Palaemon edwardsii</emphasis>
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(nec 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A0DC57A38965209FCBDFC04" ID-CoL="b79096a2-67de-4dbe-8dfe-21c115530b02" authority="Edwardsii Heller 1863" authorityName="Edwardsii Heller" authorityYear="1863" box="[429,784,876,899]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0DC57A38965209FD21FC04" box="[429,652,876,899]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Palaemon Edwardsii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A3BA85209FCBDFC04" author="Heller" box="[659,784,876,899]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" refString="Heller, C. (1863) Die Crustaceen des sudlichen Europa. Wilhem Braumuller, Wien, i - xi, 1 - 336, plates i - x." type="book chapter" year="1863">Heller 1863</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE845C0A0DC57A3A0C5209FBA6FC04" author="Rathbun" box="[823,1035,876,899]" page="314" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" year="1900">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A3A0C5209FC7BFC04" author="Rathbun" box="[823,982,876,899]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1900) The decapod crustaceans of West Africa. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 22: 271 - 316." type="journal article" year="1900">Rathbun 1900</bibRefCitation>
: 314
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A0DC57A39AC52E9FB45FC24" blockId="1.[151,1437,812,1155]" box="[151,1256,908,931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6F85630A0DC57A39AC52E9FB45FC24" box="[151,1256,908,931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A0DC57A39AC52E9FEF3FC24" ID-CoL="ca508027-c056-4730-93eb-796982532407" box="[151,350,908,931]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Leander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edwardsii">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0DC57A39AC52E9FEF3FC24" box="[151,350,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Leander edwardsii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(nec 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A0DC57A38A152E9FD50FC24" ID-CoL="b79096a2-67de-4dbe-8dfe-21c115530b02" authority="Edwardsii Heller 1863" authorityName="Edwardsii Heller" authorityYear="1863" box="[410,765,908,931]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0DC57A38A152E9FDD4FC24" box="[410,633,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Palaemon Edwardsii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A3BBB52E9FD50FC24" author="Heller" box="[640,765,908,931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" refString="Heller, C. (1863) Die Crustaceen des sudlichen Europa. Wilhem Braumuller, Wien, i - xi, 1 - 336, plates i - x." type="book chapter" year="1863">Heller 1863</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE845C0A0DC57A3A1F52E9FC57FC24" author="Johnston" box="[804,1018,908,931]" page="862" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" year="1906">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A3A1F52E9FC6AFC24" author="Johnston" box="[804,967,908,931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" refString="Johnston, H. (1906) Appendix VIII. List of the invertebrate animals of Liberia founded on the collections of Buttikofer, Reynolds, Whicker, H. H. Johnston, A. Whyte etc. In Johnston, H. Liberia with an appendix on the flora of Libera by Dr. O. Stapf. Hutchinson &amp; Co, London, volume 2: 860 - 883." type="journal article" year="1906">Johnston 1906</bibRefCitation>
: 862
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.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE845C0A0DC57A3D2152E9FB17FC24" author="Balss" box="[1050,1210,908,931]" page="26" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" year="1916">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A3D2152E9FB39FC24" author="Balss" box="[1050,1172,908,931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" refString="Balss, H. (1916) Crustacea II: Decapoda Macrura und Anomura (ausser Fam. Paguridae). In Michaelsen W. (ed.), Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Meeresfauna West Africas 2: 13 - 46, figs 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1916">Balss 1916</bibRefCitation>
: 26
</treatmentCitation>
–27.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A0DC57A39AC52C9FBF4FC44" blockId="1.[151,1437,812,1155]" box="[151,1113,940,963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6F85630A0DC57A39AC52C9FBF4FC44" box="[151,1113,940,963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A0DC57A39AC52C9FE45FC44" authority="Edwardsii" authorityName="Edwardsii" box="[151,488,940,963]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Leander">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0DC57A39AC52C9FEAEFC44" box="[151,259,940,963]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Palaemon</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0DC57A382952C9FEC6FC44" box="[274,363,940,963]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Leander</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0DC57A384052C9FE45FC44" box="[379,488,940,963]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Edwardsii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(nec 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A0DC57A3B1852C9FC2AFC44" ID-CoL="b79096a2-67de-4dbe-8dfe-21c115530b02" authority="Edwardsii Heller 1863" authorityName="Edwardsii Heller" authorityYear="1863" box="[547,903,940,963]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0DC57A3B1852C9FCAFFC44" box="[547,770,940,963]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Palaemon Edwardsii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A3A3252C9FC2AFC44" author="Heller" box="[777,903,940,963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" refString="Heller, C. (1863) Die Crustaceen des sudlichen Europa. Wilhem Braumuller, Wien, i - xi, 1 - 336, plates i - x." type="book chapter" year="1863">Heller 1863</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE845C0A0DC57A3A9452C9FBF4FC44" author="Lenz" box="[943,1113,940,963]" page="126" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" year="1910">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A3A9452C9FB8AFC44" author="Lenz" box="[943,1063,940,963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" refString="Lenz, H. (1910) Dekapode Crustaceen Aequatorialafrikas. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Zentral- Afrikaexpedition 1907 - 1908 Unter Fuhrung Adolf Friedrichs, Herzogs zu Mecklenburg 3: 121 - 134." type="journal article" year="1910">Lenz 1910</bibRefCitation>
: 126
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A0DC57A39AC52A9FDB6FBA4" blockId="1.[151,1437,812,1155]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6F85630A0DC57A39AC52A9FDB6FBA4" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A0DC57A39AC52A9FEDAFC64" ID-CoL="1f6f379c-d8b5-4527-b770-b9f670d45ac2" box="[151,375,972,995]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0DC57A39AC52A9FEDAFC64" box="[151,375,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Palaemon maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE845C0A0DC57A38AC52A9FDCAFC64" author="Rathbun" box="[407,615,972,995]" page="314" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" year="1900">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A38AC52A9FD99FC64" author="Rathbun" box="[407,564,972,995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1900) The decapod crustaceans of West Africa. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 22: 271 - 316." type="journal article" year="1900">Rathbun 1900</bibRefCitation>
: 314
</treatmentCitation>
–315.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE845C0A0DC57A3B8052A9FCDAFC64" author="Schmitt" box="[699,887,972,995]" page="25" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" year="1926">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A3B8052A9FCFCFC64" author="Schmitt" box="[699,849,972,995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Schmitt, W. L. (1926) The Macruran, Anomuran and Stomatopod crustaceans collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition, 1909: 15. With field notes by Herbert Lang and James P. Chaplin. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 53: 1 - 67. Text figs 1 - 75, pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1926">Schmitt 1926</bibRefCitation>
: 25
</treatmentCitation>
–27, Fig. 65.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE845C0A0DC57A3D2C52A9FB44FC64" author="Holthuis" box="[1047,1257,972,995]" page="140" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" year="1951">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A3D2C52A9FB1BFC64" author="Holthuis" box="[1047,1206,972,995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" refString="Holthuis, L. B. (1951) The caridean Crustacea of tropical West Africa. Atlantide Report 2: 1 - 187." type="book chapter" year="1951">Holthuis 1951</bibRefCitation>
: 140
</treatmentCitation>
–142.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE845C0A0DC57A3C0652A9FE84FB84" author="Holthuis" page="56" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" year="1952">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A3C0652A9FEADFB84" author="Holthuis" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" refString="Holthuis, L. B. (1952) Crustaces Decapodes, Macrures. Expedition Oceanographique Belge dans les Eaux Cotieres Africaines de l'Atlantique Sud (1948 - 1949). Resultats Scientifiques 3: 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1952">Holthuis 1952</bibRefCitation>
: 56
</treatmentCitation>
–57.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE845C0A0DC57A384B5289FDC4FB84" author="Dartevelle" box="[368,617,1004,1027]" page="1021" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" year="1951">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A384B5289FD8AFB84" author="Dartevelle" box="[368,551,1004,1027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" refString="Dartevelle E. (1951) Invertebres du Congo belge. pp. 84 - 155. In Encyclopedie du Congo belge 2. Rieleveld, Bruxelles. 668 pp." type="book chapter" year="1951">Dartevelle 1951</bibRefCitation>
: 1021
</treatmentCitation>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE845C0A0DC57A3BB25289FCEDFB84" author="Ribeiro" box="[649,832,1004,1027]" page="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" year="1970">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A3BB25289FC8FFB84" author="Ribeiro" box="[649,802,1004,1027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Ribeiro, A. (1970) Contribuicao para o estudo dos &quot; camaroes &quot; de interesse economico da plataforma continental de Angola. Notas do Centro de Biologia Aquatica Tropical 21: 1 - 93." type="journal article" year="1970">Ribeiro 1970</bibRefCitation>
: 9
</treatmentCitation>
, 12, 59.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE845C0A0DC57A3A835289FB29FB84" author="Powell" box="[952,1156,1004,1027]" page="274" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A3A835289FBE4FB84" author="Powell" box="[952,1097,1004,1027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" refString="Powell C. B. (1983) Fresh and brackish water shrimps of economic importance in the Niger Delta. In Proceedings of Second Annual Conference of the Fisheries Society of Nigeria, Calabar. pp. 254 - 285." type="book chapter" year="1983">Powell 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 274
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 16. – 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE845C0A0DC57A3C315289FF43FBA4" author="Powell" page="235" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A3C315289FA35FB84" author="Powell" box="[1290,1432,1004,1027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" refString="Powell, C. B. (1985) The decapod crustaceans of the Niger Delta, pp. 226 - 238. In: Wilcox B. H. R., Powell C. B. (eds). The mangrove ecosystem of the Niger Delta: proceedings of a workshop. University of Port Harcourt Press, Port Harcourt: i - v + 1 - 357." type="book chapter" year="1985">Powell 1985</bibRefCitation>
: 235
</treatmentCitation>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE845C0A0DC57A38365569FDBBFBA4" author="Jayachandran" box="[269,534,1036,1059]" page="213" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A38365569FE4CFBA4" author="Jayachandran" box="[269,481,1036,1059]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" refString="Jayachandran, K. V. (2001) Palaemonid prawns. Biodiversity, taxonomy, biology and management. New Hampshire: Science Publishers Inc. 624 pp." type="book" year="2001">Jayachandran 2001</bibRefCitation>
: 213
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A0DC57A39AC5549FE53FBE4" blockId="1.[151,1437,812,1155]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6F85630A0DC57A39AC5549FE53FBE4" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A0DC57A39AC5549FDA6FBC4" ID-CoL="1f6f379c-d8b5-4527-b770-b9f670d45ac2" box="[151,523,1068,1091]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus" subGenus="Palaeander">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0DC57A39AC5549FEAEFBC4" box="[151,259,1068,1091]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Palaemon</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0DC57A38295549FE23FBC4" box="[274,398,1068,1091]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Palaeander</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0DC57A38A55549FDA6FBC4" box="[414,523,1068,1091]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE845C0A0DC57A3B105549FD4CFBC4" author="Holthuis" box="[555,737,1068,1091]" page="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" year="1950">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A3B105549FD65FBC4" author="Holthuis" box="[555,712,1068,1091]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" refString="Holthuis, L. B. (1950) The Decapoda of the Siboga Expedition, part X: The Palaemonidae collected by the Siboga and Snellius expeditions, with remarks on other species, part I: Subfamily Palaemoninae. Siboga-Expeditie Monographs, 39 a 9: 1 - 268." type="journal article" year="1950">Holthuis 1950</bibRefCitation>
: 8
</treatmentCitation>
, 55.—Monod 1954: 111, 114, 127–128, 136.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE845C0A0DC57A3DEC5549FA35FBC4" author="Kensley" box="[1239,1432,1068,1091]" page="44" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A3DEC5549FADDFBC4" author="Kensley" box="[1239,1392,1068,1091]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" refString="Kensley, B. (1972) Shrimps &amp; prawns of Southern Africa. Trustees of the South African Museum, Cape Town. 65 pp." type="book" year="1972">Kensley 1972</bibRefCitation>
: 44
</treatmentCitation>
, Fig. 19o.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE845C0A0DC57A38075529FE57FBE4" author="Lefevere" box="[316,506,1100,1123]" page="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" year="1970">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A38075529FE4DFBE4" author="Lefevere" box="[316,480,1100,1123]" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" refString="Lefevere, S. (1970) Les crevettes du Nigeria. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique: Biologie 46 (25): 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1970">Lefevere 1970</bibRefCitation>
: 2
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A0DC57A39AC5509FDE6FB04" blockId="1.[151,1437,812,1155]" box="[151,587,1132,1155]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6F85630A0DC57A39AC5509FDE6FB04" box="[151,587,1132,1155]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
? 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A0DC57A39925509FED9FB04" box="[169,372,1132,1155]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Leander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adspersus">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0DC57A39925509FED9FB04" box="[169,372,1132,1155]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Leander adspersus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADE845C0A0DC57A38A85509FDEBFB04" author="Sharp" box="[403,582,1132,1155]" page="119" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" year="1893">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0DC57A38A85509FDBFFB04" author="Sharp" box="[403,530,1132,1155]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Sharp, B. (1893) Catalogue of the crustaceans in the museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1893: 104 - 127." type="proceedings paper" year="1893">Sharp 1893</bibRefCitation>
: 119
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C365F1C60A0DC57A39AC55D7FE1EFA9D" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A0DC57A39AC55D7FE1EFA9D" blockId="1.[151,1437,1202,2002]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0DC57A39AC55D7FE3CFB4B" bold="true" box="[151,401,1202,1228]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Material examined.</emphasis>
2 ɗɗ, pocl. 4.8, 5.0 mm; 10 ovigerous ΨΨ, pocl. 5.0 – 
<quantity id="4C870FA80A0DC57A3D0855D7FB3FFB4B" box="[1075,1170,1202,1228]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="6.8">6.8 mm</quantity>
; 4 ΨΨ, pocl. 5.5 – 7.0 mm; 
<collectingCountry id="F368E2DD0A0DC57A39ED55BCFE99FB74" box="[214,308,1241,1267]" name="Nigeria" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
, Bonny River, Hughes Channel, right bank; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4BC48A0A0DC57A3A6F55BCFC44FB74" box="[852,1001,1241,1267]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" precision="15" value="4.616667">04º37’00’’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE4BC48A0A0DC57A3AC855BCFB25FB74" box="[1011,1160,1241,1267]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" precision="15" value="7.1236115">07º07’25’’E</geoCoordinate>
; 
<date id="FFC1848D0A0DC57A3DAD55BCFA8EFB74" box="[1174,1315,1241,1267]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" value="1980-05-31">31.05.1980</date>
; leg. C.B. Powell; 
<collectionCode id="ED6E3A880A0DC57A39C35465FEE0FA9D" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[248,333,1280,1306]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">USNM</collectionCode>
181904.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C365F1C60A0DC57E39FD5443FA9FFB6B" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A0DC57A39FD5443FD4AFAC7" blockId="1.[151,1437,1202,2002]" box="[198,743,1318,1344]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0DC57A39FD5443FEF2FAC7" bold="true" box="[198,351,1318,1344]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Description.</emphasis>
A small sized 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A0DC57A3B375442FD2EFAC7" box="[524,643,1319,1344]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0DC57A3B375442FD2EFAC7" box="[524,643,1319,1344]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Palaemon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A0DC57A39FE5428FD1AF96D" blockId="1.[151,1437,1202,2002]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
Carapace glabrous. Rostrum (
<figureCitation id="1344BEC80A0DC57A3B115428FD23FAE0" box="[554,654,1357,1383]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[188,1391,194,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[175,1419,159,1893]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Palaemon maculatus (Thallwitz). Bonny River, Nigeria. USNM 181904. A. Frontal region, lateral. B. Same, eye removed. C. Abdomen, lateral view. D. Sixth pleonite, lateral view. E. Telson, distal part. F. Antennule. G. mandible. H. First pleopod, male. I. Second pleopod, male. J. Appendices masculina and interna. A – G ovigerous female, pocl 6.8; H – J male, pocl 4.8. Scale bars indicate 2 mm (A, C), 1 mm (B, D, F, H, I), 0.5 mm (J), 0.35 mm (E) or 0.25 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187393/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Figure 1</figureCitation>
A) slender, straight or nearly so, without strong posterior ventral curve; approximately 1.2 times pocl., overreaching scaphocerite by at least 0.2 (occasionally up to 0.33) times length; armed with 7–8 dorsal teeth and 3–4 ventral teeth; proximal four dorsal teeth with weakly constricted bases, posterior most tooth situated behind orbit, about 1.5 times more distant than gaps between the other teeth, second tooth situated above or slightly behind margin of orbit; distal portion (approximately one third) unarmed but with bifid tip; double row of setae present in ventral unarmed portion, single row of setae present between the teeth. Antennal and branchiostegal teeth present, marginal. Branchiostegal groove originating dorsal to branchiostegal tooth, trending downwards and finishing just in front of half carapace length, slightly lower than at its origin. Sub-orbital lobe (
<figureCitation id="1344BEC80A0DC57A3BB857E7FD48F91B" box="[643,741,1666,1692]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[188,1391,194,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[175,1419,159,1893]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Palaemon maculatus (Thallwitz). Bonny River, Nigeria. USNM 181904. A. Frontal region, lateral. B. Same, eye removed. C. Abdomen, lateral view. D. Sixth pleonite, lateral view. E. Telson, distal part. F. Antennule. G. mandible. H. First pleopod, male. I. Second pleopod, male. J. Appendices masculina and interna. A – G ovigerous female, pocl 6.8; H – J male, pocl 4.8. Scale bars indicate 2 mm (A, C), 1 mm (B, D, F, H, I), 0.5 mm (J), 0.35 mm (E) or 0.25 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187393/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Figure 1</figureCitation>
B) subquadrate to rounded, pterygostomial angle rounded. Bec ocellaire (
<figureCitation id="1344BEC80A0DC57A387F57CCFE05F944" box="[324,424,1705,1731]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[188,1391,194,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[175,1419,159,1893]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Palaemon maculatus (Thallwitz). Bonny River, Nigeria. USNM 181904. A. Frontal region, lateral. B. Same, eye removed. C. Abdomen, lateral view. D. Sixth pleonite, lateral view. E. Telson, distal part. F. Antennule. G. mandible. H. First pleopod, male. I. Second pleopod, male. J. Appendices masculina and interna. A – G ovigerous female, pocl 6.8; H – J male, pocl 4.8. Scale bars indicate 2 mm (A, C), 1 mm (B, D, F, H, I), 0.5 mm (J), 0.35 mm (E) or 0.25 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187393/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Figure 1</figureCitation>
B) with strongly convex anterior margin, pronounced beak, almost pointing directly upwards, dorsal surface with strong concavity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A0DC57A39FE5793FD90F8B0" blockId="1.[151,1437,1202,2002]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
Eye (
<figureCitation id="1344BEC80A0DC57A383F5793FEC4F897" box="[260,361,1782,1808]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[188,1391,194,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[175,1419,159,1893]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Palaemon maculatus (Thallwitz). Bonny River, Nigeria. USNM 181904. A. Frontal region, lateral. B. Same, eye removed. C. Abdomen, lateral view. D. Sixth pleonite, lateral view. E. Telson, distal part. F. Antennule. G. mandible. H. First pleopod, male. I. Second pleopod, male. J. Appendices masculina and interna. A – G ovigerous female, pocl 6.8; H – J male, pocl 4.8. Scale bars indicate 2 mm (A, C), 1 mm (B, D, F, H, I), 0.5 mm (J), 0.35 mm (E) or 0.25 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187393/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Figure 1</figureCitation>
A) well developed, with pigmented cornea; cornea slightly wider and longer than stalk; ocellus present on dorsomesial side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A0DC57A39FD5621FB43F855" blockId="1.[151,1437,1202,2002]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
Antennular peduncle (
<figureCitation id="1344BEC80A0DC57A38F65621FD82F8D9" box="[461,559,1860,1886]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[188,1391,194,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[175,1419,159,1893]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Palaemon maculatus (Thallwitz). Bonny River, Nigeria. USNM 181904. A. Frontal region, lateral. B. Same, eye removed. C. Abdomen, lateral view. D. Sixth pleonite, lateral view. E. Telson, distal part. F. Antennule. G. mandible. H. First pleopod, male. I. Second pleopod, male. J. Appendices masculina and interna. A – G ovigerous female, pocl 6.8; H – J male, pocl 4.8. Scale bars indicate 2 mm (A, C), 1 mm (B, D, F, H, I), 0.5 mm (J), 0.35 mm (E) or 0.25 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187393/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Figure 1</figureCitation>
F) extending to level of base of tooth of scaphocerite; basal segment 2.25 times as long as wide, slightly convex outer margin, stylocerite acute; antero-distal tooth falling short of laminar portion; inner ventro-mesial tooth present; statocyst with statolith; ultimate segment 2 times as long as penultimate, their combined length being slightly less than 0.75 times that of basal segment.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF00F2C50A0EC57939AC562EFF6EF869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187393/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" targetBox="[188,1391,194,1866]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A0EC57939AC562EFF6EF869" blockId="2.[151,1437,1867,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0EC57939AC562EFEB2F8E4" bold="true" box="[151,287,1867,1891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A0EC579381D5629FD34F8E4" authority="Thallwitz" authorityName="Thallwitz" box="[294,665,1868,1891]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0EC579381D5629FDBDF8E4" box="[294,528,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Palaemon maculatus</emphasis>
(Thallwitz)
</taxonomicName>
. Bonny River, Nigeria. USNM 181904. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0EC5793D67562EFBDAF8E4" bold="true" box="[1116,1143,1867,1891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">A.</emphasis>
Frontal region, lateral. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0EC5793CB8562EFA30F8E4" bold="true" box="[1411,1437,1867,1891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">B.</emphasis>
Same, eye removed. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0EC5793840560BFE3BF801" bold="true" box="[379,406,1902,1926]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">C.</emphasis>
Abdomen, lateral view. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0EC5793B99560BFD11F801" bold="true" box="[674,700,1902,1926]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">D.</emphasis>
Sixth pleonite, lateral view. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0EC5793ACC560BFBA2F801" bold="true" box="[1015,1039,1902,1926]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">E.</emphasis>
Telson, distal part. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0EC5793DD3560BFB57F801" bold="true" box="[1256,1274,1902,1926]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">F.</emphasis>
Antennule. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0EC5793CBF560BFA34F801" bold="true" box="[1412,1433,1902,1926]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">G.</emphasis>
mandible. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0EC579383C56F4FE8FF82E" bold="true" box="[263,290,1937,1961]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">H.</emphasis>
First pleopod, male. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0EC5793B3956F4FDB9F82E" bold="true" box="[514,532,1937,1961]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">I.</emphasis>
Second pleopod, male. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0EC5793A2A56F4FC88F82E" bold="true" box="[785,805,1937,1961]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">J.</emphasis>
Appendices masculina and interna. A–G ovigerous female, pocl 6.8; H–J male, pocl 4.8. Scale bars indicate 2 mm (A, C), 1 mm (B, D, F, H, I), 0.5 mm (J), 0.35 mm (E) or 0.25 mm (G).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF00F2C50A0FC57839AC56EBFBCAF86C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187394/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" targetBox="[167,1413,188,1910]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A0FC57839AC56EBFBCAF86C" blockId="3.[151,1437,1934,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0FC57839AC56EBFEB3F821" bold="true" box="[151,286,1934,1958]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A0FC578381E56EAFD39F822" authority="Thallwitz" authorityName="Thallwitz" box="[293,660,1934,1958]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0FC578381E56EAFDA1F821" box="[293,524,1935,1958]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Palaemon maculatus</emphasis>
(Thallwitz)
</taxonomicName>
. Bonny River, Nigeria, ov. female (pocl 6.8). USNM 181904. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0FC5783C7C56EBFACCF821" bold="true" box="[1351,1377,1934,1958]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">A.</emphasis>
First pereiopod. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0FC578382B56D4FE84F84E" bold="true" box="[272,297,1969,1993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">B.</emphasis>
Second pereiopod. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0FC5783B3A56D4FDB1F84E" bold="true" box="[513,540,1969,1993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">C.</emphasis>
Same, chela. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0FC5783B8856D4FD60F84E" bold="true" box="[691,717,1969,1993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">D.</emphasis>
Third pereiopod. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0FC5783AAA56D4FC07F84E" bold="true" box="[913,938,1969,1993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">E.</emphasis>
Same, dactylus. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0FC5783D5856D4FBD8F84E" bold="true" box="[1123,1141,1969,1993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">F.</emphasis>
Fourth pereiopod. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0FC5783C7356D4FAF0F84E" bold="true" box="[1352,1373,1969,1993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">G.</emphasis>
Fifth pereiopod. Scale bars indicate 1 mm (B, D, F–G), 0.7 mm (A), 0.5 mm (C) or 0.35 mm (E).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A08C57F39FD51FDFC2FFF5F" blockId="4.[151,1438,152,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Dorsal flagellum of antennula fused for just under half its length (approximately 11–13 segments fused, 13–23 free); free portion with two aesthetascs on each segment.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A08C57F39FD5180FBCCFECB" blockId="4.[151,1438,152,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Scaphocerite slender, laminar, 3.5 times as long as broad; outer margin straight terminating in tooth, falling short of distal margin of lamina; basal segment of antenna with large mesial tooth; antenna articulated to lateral margin of this segment. Flagellum of antenna about twice length of body.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A08C57F39FE503CFF5AFE60" blockId="4.[151,1438,152,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
Abdominal pleurae furnished with plumose setae on ventral margin (
<figureCitation id="1344BEC80A08C57F3D69503CFB6DFEF4" box="[1106,1216,345,371]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[188,1391,194,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[175,1419,159,1893]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Palaemon maculatus (Thallwitz). Bonny River, Nigeria. USNM 181904. A. Frontal region, lateral. B. Same, eye removed. C. Abdomen, lateral view. D. Sixth pleonite, lateral view. E. Telson, distal part. F. Antennule. G. mandible. H. First pleopod, male. I. Second pleopod, male. J. Appendices masculina and interna. A – G ovigerous female, pocl 6.8; H – J male, pocl 4.8. Scale bars indicate 2 mm (A, C), 1 mm (B, D, F, H, I), 0.5 mm (J), 0.35 mm (E) or 0.25 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187393/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Figure 1</figureCitation>
C); fifth pleuron posterodistal angle with distoventral tooth; sixth segment approximately 1.8 times length of fifth; lateral margin (
<figureCitation id="1344BEC80A08C57F39C050C3FEF2FE47" box="[251,351,422,448]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[188,1391,194,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[175,1419,159,1893]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Palaemon maculatus (Thallwitz). Bonny River, Nigeria. USNM 181904. A. Frontal region, lateral. B. Same, eye removed. C. Abdomen, lateral view. D. Sixth pleonite, lateral view. E. Telson, distal part. F. Antennule. G. mandible. H. First pleopod, male. I. Second pleopod, male. J. Appendices masculina and interna. A – G ovigerous female, pocl 6.8; H – J male, pocl 4.8. Scale bars indicate 2 mm (A, C), 1 mm (B, D, F, H, I), 0.5 mm (J), 0.35 mm (E) or 0.25 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187393/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Figure 1</figureCitation>
D) with small tooth and notch disto-ventrally; median lobe acute, with ventral submedian process.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A08C57F39FE5091FAB7FDDC" blockId="4.[151,1438,152,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Thoracic sternal armature sexually dimorphic. Fourth thoracic sternite in females armed with sharp tooth and incomplete posterior ridge, remainder with low transverse ridge; in ovigerous and post-ovigerous females eighth sternite with flattened setose plate. Fourth thoracic sternite in males with two lateral bosses.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A08C57F39FE530DFEB4FD71" blockId="4.[151,1438,152,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Abdominal sternal armature sexually dimorphic. Females with blunt process on fourth abdominal sternite and acute longitudinal ridge on fifth; in males first abdominal sternite with small conical tooth, low transverse ridges present on second to fourth abdominal sternites; longitudinal ridge on fifth. Pre-anal carina unarmed in both sexes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A08C57F39FE5267FCEAF9E8" blockId="4.[151,1438,152,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
Mandible (
<figureCitation id="1344BEC80A08C57F387E5267FE0AFC9B" box="[325,423,770,796]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[188,1391,194,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[175,1419,159,1893]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Palaemon maculatus (Thallwitz). Bonny River, Nigeria. USNM 181904. A. Frontal region, lateral. B. Same, eye removed. C. Abdomen, lateral view. D. Sixth pleonite, lateral view. E. Telson, distal part. F. Antennule. G. mandible. H. First pleopod, male. I. Second pleopod, male. J. Appendices masculina and interna. A – G ovigerous female, pocl 6.8; H – J male, pocl 4.8. Scale bars indicate 2 mm (A, C), 1 mm (B, D, F, H, I), 0.5 mm (J), 0.35 mm (E) or 0.25 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187393/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Figure 1</figureCitation>
G) with three segmented palp in current material (but see remarks); terminal segment about 1.5 times as long as penultimate segment; penultimate and proximal segment approximately equal in length; terminal segment with 3 apical, simple setae and 4 lateral setae; penultimate segment bearing three distolateral setae. Incisor process of mandible with 3 teeth on right mandible, the middle of which is the smallest, and 4 teeth on left mandible, the middle 2 being smaller than the outer ones; molar process with 6 teeth of varying sizes. Paragnaths covering about half the mandibles; alae formed by broad, transverse more or less oval, distal lobes, ventromesial lobes triangular. Corpus short, narrowly separated; base with two posteriorly diverging carinae. Epistome triangular with rounded anterior angle and strong anteromedial carina. Labrum broadly rectangular, flanked by triangular lobes on each side. Maxillula with lower lacinia near oval, smaller and narrower than upper lacinia; upper lacinia provided with several distal cuspidate and stout setae; bearing a number of plumose setae on its upper margin; palp with bifid tip; upper process naked, lower process broad with two median setiform processes and small unfurnished ventral tubercle. Maxilla with upper lacinia deeply cleft, ending in a number of stout setae, a number of simple setae on its upper margin; palp well developed, broad and naked, except for a few plumose setae proximally on its outer margin; scaphognathite large, fringed with plumose setae; the lower lobe is broader than the upper. First maxilliped with endites separated by distinct notch; palp slender and slightly twisted; exopod well developed, slender and furnished with plumose setae distally; caridean lobe well developed and broad; epipod large and bilobed. Second maxilliped with slender rectangular ultimate segment; penultimate segment broadly triangular, with convex, semicircular upper margin; exopod well developed; well developed podobranch present. Third maxilliped pediform; ultimate segment 0.7 times length of penultimate; antepenultimate and preceding segment fused, with strongly curved dorsal margin; single, subdistal spine; exopod reaching to about 0.75 of length of antepenultimate segment; epipodal plate cupped, slightly prolonged anteriorly into a weak point; well developed arthrobranch and reduced pleurobranch present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A08C57E39FD5719FC19FD89" blockId="4.[151,1438,152,2034]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
Well developed pleurobranchiae present on all thoracic legs. First pereiopod (
<figureCitation id="1344BEC80A08C57F3D495719FB77F911" box="[1138,1242,1660,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[167,1413,188,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[160,1424,144,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Palaemon maculatus (Thallwitz). Bonny River, Nigeria, ov. female (pocl 6.8). USNM 181904. A. First pereiopod. B. Second pereiopod. C. Same, chela. D. Third pereiopod. E. Same, dactylus. F. Fourth pereiopod. G. Fifth pereiopod. Scale bars indicate 1 mm (B, D, F – G), 0.7 mm (A), 0.5 mm (C) or 0.35 mm (E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187394/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Figure 2</figureCitation>
A) overreaching scaphocerite by length of fingers; basis approximately 0.5 length of ischium; merus 1.5 length of ischium; carpus 1.3 times longer than merus; chela slightly less than 0.5 length of carpus, fingers slightly longer than palm, with tufts of setae; carpal-propodal brush well developed. Second pereiopod (
<figureCitation id="1344BEC80A08C57F3DAD5795FB52F88D" box="[1174,1279,1776,1802]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[167,1413,188,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[160,1424,144,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Palaemon maculatus (Thallwitz). Bonny River, Nigeria, ov. female (pocl 6.8). USNM 181904. A. First pereiopod. B. Second pereiopod. C. Same, chela. D. Third pereiopod. E. Same, dactylus. F. Fourth pereiopod. G. Fifth pereiopod. Scale bars indicate 1 mm (B, D, F – G), 0.7 mm (A), 0.5 mm (C) or 0.35 mm (E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187394/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Figure 2</figureCitation>
B) extending beyond scaphocerite by full length of chela and just over 0.5 length of carpus; ischium 4.5 times length of basis; merus equal in length to ischium; carpus elongate, 1.5 length of merus; chela (
<figureCitation id="1344BEC80A08C57F3DA65658FAA8F8D0" box="[1181,1285,1853,1879]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[167,1413,188,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[160,1424,144,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Palaemon maculatus (Thallwitz). Bonny River, Nigeria, ov. female (pocl 6.8). USNM 181904. A. First pereiopod. B. Second pereiopod. C. Same, chela. D. Third pereiopod. E. Same, dactylus. F. Fourth pereiopod. G. Fifth pereiopod. Scale bars indicate 1 mm (B, D, F – G), 0.7 mm (A), 0.5 mm (C) or 0.35 mm (E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187394/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Figure 2</figureCitation>
C) about 0.7 times length of carpus, approximately equal in length to the merus, fingers approximately 0.3 length of palm and covered in stout setae, poorly developed dentition proximally between fingers. Ambulatory pereiopods increase in length, pereiopod 3 being shortest. Third pereiopod (
<figureCitation id="1344BEC80A08C57F3AB056D4FC5DF84C" box="[907,1008,1969,1995]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[167,1413,188,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[160,1424,144,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Palaemon maculatus (Thallwitz). Bonny River, Nigeria, ov. female (pocl 6.8). USNM 181904. A. First pereiopod. B. Second pereiopod. C. Same, chela. D. Third pereiopod. E. Same, dactylus. F. Fourth pereiopod. G. Fifth pereiopod. Scale bars indicate 1 mm (B, D, F – G), 0.7 mm (A), 0.5 mm (C) or 0.35 mm (E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187394/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Figure 2</figureCitation>
D) overreaching scaphocerite by 0.5 length of dactylus; ischium twice length of basis; merus 2.8 times length of ischium; carpus 0.5 length of merus; propodus 1.7 times length of carpus, slightly shorter than merus, ventral margin armed with 4–5 pairs of cuspidate setae; dactylus (
<figureCitation id="1344BEC80A09C57E38CD51DBFDF2FF5F" box="[502,607,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[167,1413,188,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[160,1424,144,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Palaemon maculatus (Thallwitz). Bonny River, Nigeria, ov. female (pocl 6.8). USNM 181904. A. First pereiopod. B. Second pereiopod. C. Same, chela. D. Third pereiopod. E. Same, dactylus. F. Fourth pereiopod. G. Fifth pereiopod. Scale bars indicate 1 mm (B, D, F – G), 0.7 mm (A), 0.5 mm (C) or 0.35 mm (E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187394/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Figure 2</figureCitation>
E) simple, about one third length of the propodus. Fourth pereiopod (
<figureCitation id="1344BEC80A09C57E39A45180FEAAFF78" box="[159,263,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[167,1413,188,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[160,1424,144,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Palaemon maculatus (Thallwitz). Bonny River, Nigeria, ov. female (pocl 6.8). USNM 181904. A. First pereiopod. B. Second pereiopod. C. Same, chela. D. Third pereiopod. E. Same, dactylus. F. Fourth pereiopod. G. Fifth pereiopod. Scale bars indicate 1 mm (B, D, F – G), 0.7 mm (A), 0.5 mm (C) or 0.35 mm (E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187394/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Figure 2</figureCitation>
F) overreaching scaphocerite by 0.2 of propodus; ischium slightly more than 2.5 times length of basis; merus 2.4 times length of ischium; carpus 0.5 length of merus; propodus 2 times length of carpus and approximately equal to merus, ventral margin provided with 5 pairs of cuspidate setae; dactylus 0.25–0.2 length of propodus. Fifth pereiopod (
<figureCitation id="1344BEC80A09C57E3B63503CFD12FEF4" box="[600,703,345,371]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[167,1413,188,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[160,1424,144,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Palaemon maculatus (Thallwitz). Bonny River, Nigeria, ov. female (pocl 6.8). USNM 181904. A. First pereiopod. B. Second pereiopod. C. Same, chela. D. Third pereiopod. E. Same, dactylus. F. Fourth pereiopod. G. Fifth pereiopod. Scale bars indicate 1 mm (B, D, F – G), 0.7 mm (A), 0.5 mm (C) or 0.35 mm (E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187394/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Figure 2</figureCitation>
G) extending beyond distal margin of scaphocerite by 0.4 of propodus; ischium 2 times length of basis; merus 2.7 times length of ischium; carpus approximately 0.5 length of merus; propodus 2 times length of carpus and slightly longer than merus, ventral margin armed with 5 pairs of unevenly spaced cuspidate setae, grooming brush comprises 11 rows of serrulate setae and extends for about 0.3 length of propodus; dactylus 0.2–0.25 length of propodus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A09C57E39FD537FFCFEFC9B" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
First pleopod sexually dimorphic in proportions, lacking appendix interna in both sexes; in males (
<figureCitation id="1344BEC80A09C57E3C75537FFF0FFDDC" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[188,1391,194,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[175,1419,159,1893]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Palaemon maculatus (Thallwitz). Bonny River, Nigeria. USNM 181904. A. Frontal region, lateral. B. Same, eye removed. C. Abdomen, lateral view. D. Sixth pleonite, lateral view. E. Telson, distal part. F. Antennule. G. mandible. H. First pleopod, male. I. Second pleopod, male. J. Appendices masculina and interna. A – G ovigerous female, pocl 6.8; H – J male, pocl 4.8. Scale bars indicate 2 mm (A, C), 1 mm (B, D, F, H, I), 0.5 mm (J), 0.35 mm (E) or 0.25 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187393/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Figure 1</figureCitation>
H) endopod is 0.5 length of exopod, both exo- and endopods fringed with plumose setae but mesial portion of the inner margin of endopod devoid of plumose setae, with 6 spiniform setae; in females, endopod approximately 0.2 length of the exopod. Second to fifth pleopods broadly similar with the endopod being slightly shorter than the exopod, bearing an appendix interna. Second pleopod of males with appendix masculina; about 1.5 times length of appendix interna (
<figureCitation id="1344BEC80A09C57E3A1853B9FC2BFD71" box="[803,902,732,758]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[188,1391,194,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[175,1419,159,1893]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Palaemon maculatus (Thallwitz). Bonny River, Nigeria. USNM 181904. A. Frontal region, lateral. B. Same, eye removed. C. Abdomen, lateral view. D. Sixth pleonite, lateral view. E. Telson, distal part. F. Antennule. G. mandible. H. First pleopod, male. I. Second pleopod, male. J. Appendices masculina and interna. A – G ovigerous female, pocl 6.8; H – J male, pocl 4.8. Scale bars indicate 2 mm (A, C), 1 mm (B, D, F, H, I), 0.5 mm (J), 0.35 mm (E) or 0.25 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187393/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
Figure 
<date id="FFC1848D0A09C57E3A4153B9FC2BFD71" box="[890,902,732,758]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">1</date>
</figureCitation>
I and J), furnished with 7 lateral and 2 apical setae; lateral setae with minute setules, apical setae smooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A09C57E39FD524CFC54FB83" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
Telson subequal in length to sixth pleonite; length:width ratio 4:1 proximally narrowing to 12.5:1 distally; dorsal surface with two pairs of cuspidate setae and 1 pair of simple setae subdistally on median process; proximal dorsal tuft of setae absent; proximal pair of cuspidate setae situated at about 0.4–0.5 of telson length, distal pair at about 0.7 length; marginal setae present along the full length; posterior margin (
<figureCitation id="1344BEC80A09C57E3C2D52F8FAD6FC30" box="[1302,1403,925,951]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[188,1391,194,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[175,1419,159,1893]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Palaemon maculatus (Thallwitz). Bonny River, Nigeria. USNM 181904. A. Frontal region, lateral. B. Same, eye removed. C. Abdomen, lateral view. D. Sixth pleonite, lateral view. E. Telson, distal part. F. Antennule. G. mandible. H. First pleopod, male. I. Second pleopod, male. J. Appendices masculina and interna. A – G ovigerous female, pocl 6.8; H – J male, pocl 4.8. Scale bars indicate 2 mm (A, C), 1 mm (B, D, F, H, I), 0.5 mm (J), 0.35 mm (E) or 0.25 mm (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187393/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Figure 1</figureCitation>
E) prolonged into acute process, with 1 pair of plumose setae and 2 pairs of stout setae, inner pair about 4 times longer than outer pair; median process exceeding outer pair of stout setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A09C57E39FD5574FACFFBD5" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Uropods broadly ovate, overreaching telson by 0.2 times length of endopod; exopod slightly longer than endopod, weak diaresis present; mobile lateral spine of exopod overreaching fixed tooth by length of tip.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A09C57E39FD553BFD8DFBFF" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" box="[198,544,1118,1144]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
Eggs numerous; 0.5x 
<quantity id="4C870FA80A09C57E3885553BFDB1FBFF" box="[446,540,1118,1144]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A09C57E39FD55E0FA9FFB6B" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E39FD55E0FE20FB18" bold="true" box="[198,397,1157,1183]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Colour Pattern.</emphasis>
“Transparent shrimp lacking conspicuous pigment lines on carapace or abdomen (very faint lies may be present). Small but conspicuous black-and-white pigment body in end of last abdominal segment. Eggs dull green. Pleura of ovigerous female with thin white ventral border” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A09C57E3DB055B7FA88FB6B" author="Powell" box="[1163,1317,1234,1260]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" refString="Powell C. B. (1983) Fresh and brackish water shrimps of economic importance in the Niger Delta. In Proceedings of Second Annual Conference of the Fisheries Society of Nigeria, Calabar. pp. 254 - 285." type="book chapter" year="1983">Powell 1983</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C365F1C60A09C57E39FD559DFCE5FA00" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A09C57E39FD559DFCE5FA00" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E39FD559DFE53FA95" bold="true" box="[198,510,1272,1298]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
Known from 
<collectingCountry id="F368E2DD0A09C57E3B98559CFD52FA94" box="[675,767,1273,1299]" name="Senegal" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Senegal</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A09C57E3A34559CFC16FA94" author="Holthuis" box="[783,955,1273,1299]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" refString="Holthuis, L. B. (1980) FAO species catalogue, volume 1 - shrimps and prawns of the world. An annotated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries. FA O F i s h e r i e s Synopsis 125: 1 - 270 pp." type="journal article" year="1980">Holthuis 1980</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F368E2DD0A09C57E3AEB559CFB89FA94" box="[976,1060,1273,1299]" name="Liberia" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Liberia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A09C57E3D0F559CFB73FA94" author="Rathbun" box="[1076,1246,1273,1299]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1900) The decapod crustaceans of West Africa. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 22: 271 - 316." type="journal article" year="1900">Rathbun 1900</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A09C57E3DD1559CFA3AFA94" author="Johnston" box="[1258,1431,1273,1299]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" refString="Johnston, H. (1906) Appendix VIII. List of the invertebrate animals of Liberia founded on the collections of Buttikofer, Reynolds, Whicker, H. H. Johnston, A. Whyte etc. In Johnston, H. Liberia with an appendix on the flora of Libera by Dr. O. Stapf. Hutchinson &amp; Co, London, volume 2: 860 - 883." type="journal article" year="1906">Johnston 1906</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A09C57E39AC5445FEEFFABD" author="Holthuis" box="[151,322,1312,1338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" refString="Holthuis, L. B. (1952) Crustaces Decapodes, Macrures. Expedition Oceanographique Belge dans les Eaux Cotieres Africaines de l'Atlantique Sud (1948 - 1949). Resultats Scientifiques 3: 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1952">Holthuis 1952</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F368E2DD0A09C57E386C5445FE02FABD" box="[343,431,1312,1338]" name="Nigeria" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A09C57E38845445FDEBFABD" author="Balss" box="[447,582,1312,1338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" refString="Balss, H. (1916) Crustacea II: Decapoda Macrura und Anomura (ausser Fam. Paguridae). In Michaelsen W. (ed.), Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Meeresfauna West Africas 2: 13 - 46, figs 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1916">Balss 1916</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F368E2DD0A09C57E3B675445FD07FABD" box="[604,682,1312,1338]" name="Gabon" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Gabon</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A09C57E3B815445FCDFFABD" author="Thallwitz" box="[698,882,1312,1338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" refString="Thallwitz, J. (1892) Decapoden-studien, ibesondere basirt auf A. B. Meyer's sammlungen im Ostindischen Archipel, nebst einer aufzahlung der decapoden und stomatopoden des Dresdener Museum. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Koniglichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden, 1890 - 91 (3): 1 - 55; Plate 1." type="journal article" year="1892">Thallwitz 1892</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F368E2DD0A09C57E3ABC5445FC47FABD" box="[903,1002,1312,1338]" name="Angola" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Kabinda</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A09C57E3AC15445FBD3FABD" author="Lenz" box="[1018,1150,1312,1338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" refString="Lenz, H. (1910) Dekapode Crustaceen Aequatorialafrikas. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Zentral- Afrikaexpedition 1907 - 1908 Unter Fuhrung Adolf Friedrichs, Herzogs zu Mecklenburg 3: 121 - 134." type="journal article" year="1910">Lenz 1910</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F368E2DD0A09C57E3DA95445FB4DFABD" box="[1170,1248,1312,1338]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Congo</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A09C57E3DCA5445FA3AFABD" author="De" box="[1265,1431,1312,1338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" refString="De Man, J. G. (1923) Leander longirostris (H. M. - Edw.) var. robusta nov. var., the common prawn of the estuary of the Meuse and of the Hollandsch Diep. Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging ser 2: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1923">
<collectingCountry id="F368E2DD0A09C57E3DCA5445FAB8FABD" box="[1265,1301,1312,1338]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">De</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="F368E2DD0A09C57E3C275445FAFFFABD" box="[1308,1362,1312,1338]" name="Isle of Man" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Man</collectingCountry>
1923
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A09C57E39AC5423FF75FAE7" author="Man" box="[151,216,1350,1376]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" refString="De Man, J. G. (1925) Contribution a l'etude des decapodes macroures marins et fluviatiles du Bassin du Congo. Annales du Musee du Congo Belge, Zoologie, Serie III, Arthropodes. Section III - Crustaces, 1 (1): 1 - 54 + Tables A - H'." type="journal article" year="1925">1925</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A09C57E39DE5423FE27FAE7" author="Schmitt" box="[229,394,1350,1376]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" refString="Schmitt, W. L. (1926) The Macruran, Anomuran and Stomatopod crustaceans collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition, 1909: 15. With field notes by Herbert Lang and James P. Chaplin. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 53: 1 - 67. Text figs 1 - 75, pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1926">Schmitt 1926</bibRefCitation>
) and Southern 
<collectingCountry id="F368E2DD0A09C57E3B7C5423FD0DFAE7" box="[583,672,1350,1376]" name="Angola" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Angola</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A09C57E3B8A5423FCEDFAE7" author="Balss" box="[689,832,1350,1376]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" refString="Balss, H. (1916) Crustacea II: Decapoda Macrura und Anomura (ausser Fam. Paguridae). In Michaelsen W. (ed.), Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Meeresfauna West Africas 2: 13 - 46, figs 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1916">Balss 1916</bibRefCitation>
). In fully marine and brackish water above about 10ppt, especially along quiet muddy shores (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A09C57E3B995408FC96FA00" author="Powell" box="[674,827,1389,1415]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" refString="Powell C. B. (1983) Fresh and brackish water shrimps of economic importance in the Niger Delta. In Proceedings of Second Annual Conference of the Fisheries Society of Nigeria, Calabar. pp. 254 - 285." type="book chapter" year="1983">Powell 1983</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C365F1C60A09C57D39FD54F6FCB1F9CF" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A09C57E39FD54F6FE91F823" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E39FD54F6FEEDFA2A" bold="true" box="[198,320,1427,1453]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A09C57E387354F1FDECFA2A" box="[328,577,1428,1453]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E387354F1FDECFA2A" box="[328,577,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Palaemon maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a highly distinctive species and not easily confused with any other of the genus found in the eastern Atlantic. The combination of the elongate carpus and palm of the chela of the second pereiopod, the shape of the rostrum and the extent along the propodus and number of rows of setae of the grooming brush of the fifth pereiopod allow for easy separation from other species found in the eastern Atlantic. Previous authors (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A09C57E38E3574BFDD2F9CF" author="De" box="[472,639,1582,1608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" refString="De Man, J. G. (1925) Contribution a l'etude des decapodes macroures marins et fluviatiles du Bassin du Congo. Annales du Musee du Congo Belge, Zoologie, Serie III, Arthropodes. Section III - Crustaces, 1 (1): 1 - 54 + Tables A - H'." type="journal article" year="1925">
<collectingCountry id="F368E2DD0A09C57E38E3574BFE51F9CF" box="[472,508,1582,1608]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">De</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="F368E2DD0A09C57E3B3F574BFD97F9CF" box="[516,570,1582,1608]" name="Isle of Man" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Man</collectingCountry>
1925
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A09C57E3BB7574BFC86F9CF" author="Schmitt" box="[652,811,1582,1608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" refString="Schmitt, W. L. (1926) The Macruran, Anomuran and Stomatopod crustaceans collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition, 1909: 15. With field notes by Herbert Lang and James P. Chaplin. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 53: 1 - 67. Text figs 1 - 75, pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1926">Schmitt 1926</bibRefCitation>
) have suggested that 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A09C57E3D12574AFB12F9CF" box="[1065,1215,1582,1608]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E3D12574AFB95F9CF" box="[1065,1080,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E3D7D574AFB12F9CF" box="[1094,1215,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be close to 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A09C57E3CBD574AFDCDF9E8" authority="H. Milne-Edwards 1837" authorityName="H. Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1837" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longirostris">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E3CBD574AFE84F9E9" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">P. longirostris</emphasis>
H. Milne-Edwards 1837
</taxonomicName>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A09C57E3BA45730FCF9F9E8" author="Rankin" box="[671,852,1621,1647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" refString="Rankin, W. M. (1898) The Northrop collection of Crustacea from the Bahamas. Annals New York Academy of Science 11: 225 - 258, Pl 29 - 30." type="journal article" year="1898">Rankin (1898)</bibRefCitation>
suggested a possible affinity with the western Atlantic 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A09C57E39C65719FD92F911" authority="Rankin 1898" authorityName="Rankin" authorityYear="1898" box="[253,575,1660,1686]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="northropi">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E39C65719FE24F912" box="[253,393,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">P. northropi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A09C57E38A35719FD9BF911" author="Rankin" box="[408,566,1660,1686]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" refString="Rankin, W. M. (1898) The Northrop collection of Crustacea from the Bahamas. Annals New York Academy of Science 11: 225 - 258, Pl 29 - 30." type="journal article" year="1898">Rankin 1898</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A09C57E3B715719FCFDF912" box="[586,848,1660,1685]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longirostris">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E3B715719FCFDF912" box="[586,848,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Palaemon longirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in the shape of its rostrum and the number of rows of setae in the grooming brush of pereiopod 5 (4 rows versus 
<quantity id="4C870FA80A09C57E3AFA57C7FC56F93B" box="[961,1019,1698,1724]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A09C57E3D3957C6FB3BF93B" box="[1026,1174,1698,1724]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E3D3957C6FBBCF93B" box="[1026,1041,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E3D2557C6FB3BF93B" box="[1054,1174,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A09C57E3D9457C6FA31F93B" box="[1199,1436,1699,1724]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="northropi">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E3D9457C6FA31F93B" box="[1199,1436,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Palaemon northropi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a strong pre-anal spine but also differs in the form of the rostrum. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A09C57E3AFF57ACFB16F965" box="[964,1211,1737,1762]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E3AFF57ACFB16F965" box="[964,1211,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Palaemon maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may co-occur with 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A09C57E39AC5795FEA6F88E" box="[151,267,1776,1802]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="powelli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E39AC5795FF0BF88E" box="[151,166,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E398F5795FEA6F88E" box="[180,267,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">powelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A238C3240A09C57E3828578AFEDDF88E" box="[275,368,1775,1801]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E3828578AFEDDF88E" bold="true" box="[275,368,1775,1801]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
; differences between these two species are dealt with below (see remarks under 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A09C57E3C135795FA31F88E" box="[1320,1436,1776,1802]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="powelli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E3C135795FA9AF88E" box="[1320,1335,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E3C7E5795FA31F88E" box="[1349,1436,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">powelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A238C3240A09C57E39AC5673FF58F8B7" box="[151,245,1814,1840]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E39AC5673FF58F8B7" bold="true" box="[151,245,1814,1840]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A09C57E38365672FE4BF8B7" box="[269,486,1815,1840]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E38365672FE4BF8B7" box="[269,486,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Palaemon elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has also been reported from the same geographic range as 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A09C57E3DA55672FA98F8B7" box="[1182,1333,1814,1840]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E3DA55672FB00F8B7" box="[1182,1197,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E3D875672FA98F8B7" box="[1212,1333,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but may be distinguished by possessing a quadrate posterodistal angle of the fifth pleuron (versus small acute tooth in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A09C57E39AC5601FE81F8FA" box="[151,300,1892,1918]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E39AC5601FF0BF8FA" box="[151,166,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E398F5601FE81F8FA" box="[180,300,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and by having fewer rows of setae in its grooming brush on the propodus of pereiopod 5 (4 rows in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A09C57E398E56EEFE86F823" box="[181,299,1930,1956]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E398E56EEFF69F823" box="[181,196,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E39E956EEFE86F823" box="[210,299,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A09C57D39FD56D4FCEAFD89" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,152,1608]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
This species was included in the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A09C57E3B8256D4FCEFF84D" box="[697,834,1969,1994]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaeander" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E3B8256D4FCEFF84D" box="[697,834,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Palaeander</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A09C57E3A5656D4FB87F84C" author="Holthuis" box="[877,1066,1969,1995]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" refString="Holthuis, L. B. (1950) The Decapoda of the Siboga Expedition, part X: The Palaemonidae collected by the Siboga and Snellius expeditions, with remarks on other species, part I: Subfamily Palaemoninae. Siboga-Expeditie Monographs, 39 a 9: 1 - 268." type="journal article" year="1950">Holthuis (1950)</bibRefCitation>
. The subgenus is defined solely by the number of segments of the mandible palp (
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<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A09C57E3A6A56BDFC4EF876" box="[849,995,2008,2033]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaeander" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E3A6A56BDFC4EF876" box="[849,995,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Palaeander</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<quantity id="4C870FA80A09C57E3ACF56BDFB8BF875" box="[1012,1062,2008,2034]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A09C57E3D1456BDFB75F876" box="[1071,1240,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A09C57E3D1456BDFB03F876" box="[1071,1198,2008,2033]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Palaemon</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A238C3240A09C57E3D8C56BDFB75F876" box="[1207,1240,2008,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" sensu="stricto">s.s</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
) and is usually disregarded in taxonomic literature, following a number of studies that demonstrate infra-specific variability in this character in some species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0AC57D3B1551DBFCF1FF5F" author="Fujino" box="[558,860,190,216]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" refString="Fujino, T. &amp; Miyake, S. (1968) On the mandible of the genus Palaemon of Japanese Palaemonid shrimps with discussion on its taxonomical value. Ohmu 1: 191 - 200." type="journal article" year="1968">Fujino and Miyake 1968</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0AC57D3A5251DBFC56FF5F" author="Chace" box="[873,1019,190,216]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" refString="Chace, F. A., Jr. (1972) Palaemon debilis from Hawaii and the status of the genus Palaemonetes (Decapoda, Palaemonidae). Crustaceana 23: 12 - 19." type="journal article" year="1972">Chace 1972</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0AC57D3D3251DBFA9BFF5F" author="Tirmizi" box="[1033,1334,190,216]" pageId="6" pageNumber="44" refString="Tirmizi, N. M. &amp; Kazmi, Q. B. (1984) A northern record for Hippolyte ventricosa H. Milne Edwards, 1837 with a note on Palaemon pacificus (Stimpson, 1860) (Decapoda, Caridea). Crustaceana 46: 313 - 317." type="journal article" year="1984">Tirmizi and Kazmi 1984</bibRefCitation>
). On the basis of the current material it appears that the mandible palp is usually three segmented concurring with the report of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0AC57D38385069FE01FEA1" author="Schmitt" box="[259,428,268,294]" pageId="6" pageNumber="44" refString="Schmitt, W. L. (1926) The Macruran, Anomuran and Stomatopod crustaceans collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition, 1909: 15. With field notes by Herbert Lang and James P. Chaplin. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 53: 1 - 67. Text figs 1 - 75, pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1926">Schmitt (1926</bibRefCitation>
; also cited by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0AC57D3B695069FD5AFEA1" author="Barnard" box="[594,759,268,294]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1950) Descriptive Catalogue of South African Decapod Crustacea (Crabs and Shrimps). Annals of the South African Museum 38: 1 - 837." type="journal article" year="1950">Barnard 1950</bibRefCitation>
). However, it is worthy of note that, one ovigerous female (pocl. 
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) examined here entirely lacks a mandible palp on the left hand side; on the right hand side a palp is present and three segmented. There is no evidence to suggest loss through damage so it is assumed that its absence is genuine. Based on Holthuis’s (1950) observations, it would appear that the number of segments on the mandible palp may be variable in 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0AC57D3BAC50C2FC9CFE47" box="[663,817,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">P. m a c u l a t u s</emphasis>
and cannot therefore reliably be used for species separation; however, a greater amount of material would need to be examined before the full extent of variability of this feature in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A0AC57D38E45091FDD9FD8A" box="[479,628,500,526]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0AC57D38E45091FE43FD8A" box="[479,494,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0AC57D38C75091FDD9FD8A" box="[508,628,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be described.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A0AC57D39FD537FFE38FABD" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0AC57D39FD537FFED7FDB3" author="Schmitt" box="[198,378,538,564]" pageId="6" pageNumber="44" refString="Schmitt, W. L. (1926) The Macruran, Anomuran and Stomatopod crustaceans collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition, 1909: 15. With field notes by Herbert Lang and James P. Chaplin. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 53: 1 - 67. Text figs 1 - 75, pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1926">Schmitt (1926)</bibRefCitation>
comments on some variation between his material and that of other authors and some discrepancy is noted between his statements and the material examined here, notably in the proportions of the segments of the second pereiopod and the range of rostral tooth counts. Schmitt states that ‘the fingers of the second pair of legs are about two thirds the length of the palm’ whereas in the present material the fingers are one third, occasionally slightly longer but never more than half, the length of the palm. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0AC57D3D9753D0FAC9FD48" box="[1196,1380,693,719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" refString="De Man, J. G. (1925) Contribution a l'etude des decapodes macroures marins et fluviatiles du Bassin du Congo. Annales du Musee du Congo Belge, Zoologie, Serie III, Arthropodes. Section III - Crustaces, 1 (1): 1 - 54 + Tables A - H'." type="journal article">
<collectingCountry id="F368E2DD0A0AC57D3D9753D0FB63FD48" box="[1196,1230,693,719]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">De</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="F368E2DD0A0AC57D3DEC53D0FAA0FD48" box="[1239,1293,693,719]" name="Isle of Man" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Man</collectingCountry>
(1925)
</bibRefCitation>
also figures a specimen in which the fingers are one third the length of the palm. Curiously, in the figure provided by Schmitt, which is based on that of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0AC57D3B645267FD56FC9B" author="Balss" box="[607,763,770,796]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" refString="Balss, H. (1916) Crustacea II: Decapoda Macrura und Anomura (ausser Fam. Paguridae). In Michaelsen W. (ed.), Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Meeresfauna West Africas 2: 13 - 46, figs 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1916">Balss (1916)</bibRefCitation>
, the fingers are clearly about one-third the length of the palm, contradicting his description. In the present material the dactyli of the fourth and fifth pereiopods are 0.2–0.25 the length of the propodus, whereas 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0AC57D3B865235FCDCFCED" author="Schmitt" box="[701,881,848,874]" pageId="6" pageNumber="44" refString="Schmitt, W. L. (1926) The Macruran, Anomuran and Stomatopod crustaceans collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition, 1909: 15. With field notes by Herbert Lang and James P. Chaplin. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 53: 1 - 67. Text figs 1 - 75, pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1926">Schmitt (1926)</bibRefCitation>
states they are one third and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0AC57D3DE85235FA30FCED" author="Thallwitz" box="[1235,1437,848,874]" pageId="6" pageNumber="44" refString="Thallwitz, J. (1892) Decapoden-studien, ibesondere basirt auf A. B. Meyer's sammlungen im Ostindischen Archipel, nebst einer aufzahlung der decapoden und stomatopoden des Dresdener Museum. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Koniglichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden, 1890 - 91 (3): 1 - 55; Plate 1." type="journal article" year="1892">Thallwitz (1892)</bibRefCitation>
stated one half. The range of rostral teeth in the present specimens is 7–8(+1)/3–4. In material from the 
<collectingCountry id="F368E2DD0A0AC57D39AC52F8FF44FC30" box="[151,233,925,951]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Congo</collectingCountry>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0AC57D39CE52F8FE0AFC30" author="Schmitt" box="[245,423,925,951]" pageId="6" pageNumber="44" refString="Schmitt, W. L. (1926) The Macruran, Anomuran and Stomatopod crustaceans collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition, 1909: 15. With field notes by Herbert Lang and James P. Chaplin. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 53: 1 - 67. Text figs 1 - 75, pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1926">Schmitt (1926)</bibRefCitation>
reports that the range was 7–10/2–5, further stating that the extremes of these ranges are exceptional; it is assumed that Schmitt’s counts included the subapical tooth but this cannot be said with certainty. Barnard’s (1950) statement that the shorter ramus of the antennular flagellum is much shorter than the free part is based on 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0AC57D38835574FD08FBAC" author="Balss" box="[440,677,1041,1067]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" refString="Balss, H. (1916) Crustacea II: Decapoda Macrura und Anomura (ausser Fam. Paguridae). In Michaelsen W. (ed.), Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Meeresfauna West Africas 2: 13 - 46, figs 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1916">
Balss (1916, 
<figureCitation id="1344BEC80A0AC57D3B685574FD34FBAC" box="[595,665,1041,1067]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1360,1384]" captionTargetBox="[184,1414,678,1323]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[150,1435,661,1336]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Palaemon powelli sp. nov., rostral variation NHM 1980.325 d. A. Ov. female, pocl 4.6. B. Ov. female, pocl 5.0. C. Ov. female, pocl 4.6. D. Female, pocl 3.0. E. Female, pocl 3.4. F. Female (pocl 3.5). Scale bar indicates 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187400/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
)
</bibRefCitation>
. This is in agreement with 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0AC57D3ADE5574FB2EFBAC" author="Kemp" box="[997,1155,1041,1067]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" refString="Kemp, S. (1925) On various Caridea. Notes on Crustacea Decapoda in the Indian Museum, 17. Records from the Indian Museum, 27 (4), 249 - 343." type="journal article" year="1925">Kemp (1925)</bibRefCitation>
but contradictory to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0AC57D3C415574FE89FBD5" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" refString="De Man, J. G. (1925) Contribution a l'etude des decapodes macroures marins et fluviatiles du Bassin du Congo. Annales du Musee du Congo Belge, Zoologie, Serie III, Arthropodes. Section III - Crustaces, 1 (1): 1 - 54 + Tables A - H'." type="journal article">
<collectingCountry id="F368E2DD0A0AC57D3C415574FA31FBAC" box="[1402,1436,1041,1067]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">De</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="F368E2DD0A0AC57D39AC555DFF60FBD5" box="[151,205,1080,1106]" name="Isle of Man" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Man</collectingCountry>
(1925)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0AC57D3864555DFDB2FBD5" author="Holthuis" box="[351,543,1080,1106]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" refString="Holthuis, L. B. (1951) The caridean Crustacea of tropical West Africa. Atlantide Report 2: 1 - 187." type="book chapter" year="1951">Holthuis (1951)</bibRefCitation>
, who found the fused and free parts to be equal, the original description of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0AC57D39AC553BFEF1FBFF" author="Thallwitz" box="[151,348,1118,1144]" pageId="6" pageNumber="44" refString="Thallwitz, J. (1892) Decapoden-studien, ibesondere basirt auf A. B. Meyer's sammlungen im Ostindischen Archipel, nebst einer aufzahlung der decapoden und stomatopoden des Dresdener Museum. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Koniglichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden, 1890 - 91 (3): 1 - 55; Plate 1." type="journal article" year="1892">Thallwitz (1892)</bibRefCitation>
where the fused portion was described as longer than the free, and the present study, where it is fused for slightly less than half. The number of cuspidate setae on the ventral margin of the propodus of the ambulatory pereiopods has not been mentioned by previous authors, except for 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0AC57D3D7755C9FAA5FB41" author="Holthuis" box="[1100,1288,1196,1222]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" refString="Holthuis, L. B. (1951) The caridean Crustacea of tropical West Africa. Atlantide Report 2: 1 - 187." type="book chapter" year="1951">Holthuis (1951)</bibRefCitation>
who simply stated ‘a few spinules’. The number appears to be slightly variable in this species in contrast to other members of the genus where the number seems to be fixed (
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0AC57D3BD6559CFC8DFA95" box="[749,800,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">pers</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0AC57D3A14559CFCF5FA95" box="[815,856,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">obs</emphasis>
.). Occasionally these cuspidate setae were found to be lacking entirely.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A0AC57D39FD5423FB2DFA29" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0AC57D39FD5423FE29FAE7" author="Holthuis" box="[198,388,1350,1376]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" refString="Holthuis, L. B. (1951) The caridean Crustacea of tropical West Africa. Atlantide Report 2: 1 - 187." type="book chapter" year="1951">Holthuis (1951)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned that a specimen reported as “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A0AC57D3A4C5422FBF4FAE7" box="[887,1113,1351,1376]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Leander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adspersus">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0AC57D3A4C5422FBF4FAE7" box="[887,1113,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Leander adspersus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” from 
<collectingCountry id="F368E2DD0A0AC57D3D8F5423FAA5FAE7" box="[1204,1288,1350,1376]" name="Liberia" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Liberia</collectingCountry>
reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEEDFBC0A0AC57D39AC5408FE9EFA00" author="Sharp" box="[151,307,1389,1415]" pageId="6" pageNumber="44" refString="Sharp, B. (1893) Catalogue of the crustaceans in the museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1893: 104 - 127." type="proceedings paper" year="1893">Sharp (1893)</bibRefCitation>
may have been 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A0AC57D38CF5408FD21FA01" box="[500,652,1389,1415]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0AC57D38CF5408FDAEFA01" box="[500,515,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0AC57D3B285408FD21FA01" box="[531,652,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but as no description is given this cannot be stated with certainty. To our knowledge 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A0AC57D384854F1FDCBFA2A" box="[371,614,1428,1453]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adspersus">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0AC57D384854F1FDCBFA2A" box="[371,614,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Palaemon adspersus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been recorded as far south as 
<collectingCountry id="F368E2DD0A0AC57D3D1854F1FBD1FA29" box="[1059,1148,1428,1454]" name="Liberia" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Liberia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0A24D0A0AC57D39FD54DFFCB1F9CF" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
The publication date of the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FD9CE0A0AC57D3A1454DEFC6AFA53" box="[815,967,1466,1492]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Palaemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0AC57D3A1454DEFC93FA53" box="[815,830,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B90B7E5F0A0AC57D3A7454DEFC6AFA53" box="[847,967,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has variously been given as 
<date id="FFC1848D0A0AC57D3C1754DFFF78FA7C" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" value="1891" valueMax="1892">1891 and 1892</date>
. On enquiry, the current editors of Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny (previously Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden) confirmed that the actual date of publication was 1892.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>