248 lines
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248 lines
30 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D2C28E463F19FF3B89043C95F6EC8DB3">A review of Mexican Stamnodes (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) with the description of 16 new species</mods:title>
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<heading id="D090A629347B787DFDEEB23BAF82F9F1" box="[601,986,1624,1651]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C676AC6347B787DFDEEB23BAF82F9F1" ID-CoL="4ZHKT" authority="Swett, 1917" authorityName="Swett" authorityYear="1917" box="[601,986,1624,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassinoi">
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<emphasis id="B913CD57347B787DFDEEB23BAF1FF9F0" bold="true" box="[601,839,1624,1651]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Stamnodes cassinoi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF66CB4347B787DFCF9B23AAF82F9F1" author="Swett L. W." box="[846,986,1625,1651]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="52 - 53" refId="ref41653" refString="Swett L. W. 1917. New Geometrids. The Lepidopterist 1 (7): 52 - 53." type="journal article" year="1917">Swett, 1917</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BD81145347B787DFD75B21FAF29F915" blockId="60.[601,986,1624,1687]" box="[706,881,1660,1687]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<figureCitation id="135C0DC0347B787DFD75B21FAF44F914" box="[706,796,1660,1686]" captionStart="Figs31–40" captionStartId="24.[187,239,1787,1813]" captionTargetBox="[190,1385,760,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-156@24.[187,1398,756,1744]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figs31–40.Adult StamnodesGuenée,[1858],dorsal(a)andventral(b)views.31.S.costimacula(Grossbeck, 1912) (DLW). 32. S. cassinoi Swett, 1917 (DLW). 33. S. annellata (Hulst, 1887) (USNMENT01771252). 34. S. seiferti (Neumoegen, 1882) (USNMENT01771250). 35. S. tenebrosa sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (AMNH_IZC 00352924). 36. S. affiliata Pearsall, 1911 (DLW). 37. S. reckseckeri Pearsall, 1910 (USNMENT01771257). 38. S. apollo Cassino, 1920 (USNMENT01771258). 39. S. agapetica (Dyar, 1916) (USNMENT01771259). 40. S. albiapicata Grossbeck, 1910 (USNMENT01771253). Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376798/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Figs 32</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="135C0DC0347B787DFC9FB21FAF29F915" box="[808,881,1660,1687]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="61.[188,231,1963,1989]" captionStartId-1="71.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1348,531,1903]" captionTargetBox-1="[190,1398,750,1875]" captionTargetId-0="figure-76@61.[189,1398,523,1919]" captionTargetId-1="figure-138@71.[189,1398,749,1882]" captionTargetPageId-0="61" captionTargetPageId-1="71" captionText-0="Fig. 94. COI neighbour-joining tree for Mexican Stamnodes Guenée, [1858] using default Kimura-2P model in the Barcode of Life Project (BOLD). Taxon names followed by BOLD Process ID." captionText-1="Fig. 95. Biogeographic associations of Mexican Stamnodes Guenée, [1858]. (*) denotes species found in two or more provinces. Underlying biogeographic provincial map taken from Morrone (2020: fig. 4.5) with permission to reproduce this figure granted by author Juan J. Morrone." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376835" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376837" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10376835/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10376837/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">94–95</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BD81145347B787DFF0AB2DEA8E0F955" blockId="60.[189,1208,1725,1752]" box="[189,1208,1725,1752]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="4C676AC6347B787DFF0AB2DEAE30F95A" ID-CoL="4ZHKT" authority="Swett, 1917: 52" authorityName="Swett" authorityPageNumber="52" authorityYear="1917" box="[189,616,1725,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassinoi">
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||
<emphasis id="B913CD57347B787DFF0AB2DEADFBF955" box="[189,419,1725,1751]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Stamnodes cassinoi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF66CB4347B787DFE1CB2DEAE30F95A" author="Swett L. W." box="[427,616,1725,1752]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="52 - 53" refId="ref41653" refString="Swett L. W. 1917. New Geometrids. The Lepidopterist 1 (7): 52 - 53." type="journal article" year="1917">Swett, 1917: 52</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54DCAFE7347B787DFDC5B2DDAEF4F95A" box="[626,684,1726,1752]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Type</typeStatus>
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locality: Eldridge,
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||
<collectingRegion id="49A3DFA7347B787DFC38B2DEA851F955" box="[911,1033,1725,1751]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">California</collectingRegion>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F37051D5347B787DFBA3B2DEA80AF955" box="[1044,1106,1725,1751]" name="United States of America" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">USA</collectingCountry>
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. [MCZ].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD81145347B787DFF0AB29CA909F800" blockId="60.[189,1399,1790,1923]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="4C676AC6347B787DFF0AB29CADFBF89A" ID-CoL="4ZHKT" authorityName="Swett" authorityYear="1917" box="[189,419,1791,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassinoi">
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||
<emphasis id="B913CD57347B787DFF0AB29CADFBF89A" box="[189,419,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Stamnodes cassinoi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC63754347B787DFE0AB29CAE84F89B" author="McDunnough J. H." box="[445,732,1790,1817]" page="151" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" year="1938">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF66CB4347B787DFE0AB29CAE84F89B" author="McDunnough J. H." box="[445,732,1790,1817]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="3 - 272" refId="ref40129" refString="McDunnough J. H. 1938. Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America, Part 1, Macrolepidoptera. Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 1: 3 - 272. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 146941" type="journal article" year="1938">McDunnough 1938: 151</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(checklist). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC63754347B787DFC27B29CA8CAF89A" author="Peterson A." box="[912,1170,1790,1817]" page="86" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" year="1968">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF66CB4347B787DFC27B29CA8CAF89A" author="Peterson A." box="[912,1170,1790,1817]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="83 - 94" refId="ref40886" refString="Peterson A. 1968. Eggs of moths from additional species of Geometridae - Lepidoptera. Florida Entomologist 51: 83 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3493606" type="journal article" year="1968">Peterson 1968: 86–87</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC63754347B787DFB77B29CAD4DF8BE" author="Ferguson D. C." page="103" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" year="1983">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF66CB4347B787DFB77B29CAD4DF8BE" author="Ferguson D. C." pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="88 - 107" refId="ref39036" refString="Ferguson D. C. 1983. Geometridae. In: Hodges R. W., Dominick T., Davis D. R., Ferguson D. C., Franclemont J. G., Munroe E. G. & Powell J. A. (eds) Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico: 88 - 107. EW Classey Ltd. & The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London." type="book chapter" year="1983">Ferguson 1983: 103</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(checklist). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC63754347B787DFE7DB341AE9CF8BE" author="Furniss M. M. & Ferguson D. C. & Voget K. W. & Burkhardt J. W. & Tiedemann A. R." box="[458,708,1826,1852]" page="7" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" year="1988">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF66CB4347B787DFE7DB341AE9CF8BE" author="Furniss M. M. & Ferguson D. C. & Voget K. W. & Burkhardt J. W. & Tiedemann A. R." box="[458,708,1826,1852]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref39117" refString="Furniss M. M., Ferguson D. C., Voget K. W., Burkhardt J. W. & Tiedemann A. R. 1988. Taxonomy, life history, and ecology of a mountain-mahogany defoliator, Stamnodes animata (Pearsall), in Nevada. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish Wildlife Research 3: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1988">
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||
Furniss
|
||
<emphasis id="B913CD57347B787DFD9FB340AE3AF8BE" box="[552,610,1826,1852]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1988: 7
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC63754347B787DFD44B341A870F8BE" author="Poole R. W. & Gentili P." box="[755,1064,1826,1852]" page="686" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" year="1996">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF66CB4347B787DFD44B341A870F8BE" author="Poole R. W. & Gentili P." box="[755,1064,1826,1852]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref40974" refString="Poole R. W. & Gentili P. (eds) 1996. Nomina Insecta Nearctica. A Check List of the Insects of North America. Vol. 3: Diptera, Lepidoptera, Siphonaptera. Entomological Information Services, Rockville." type="book" year="1996">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3DFA7347B787DFD44B341AF6EF8BE" box="[755,822,1826,1852]" country="United Kingdom" name="Poole" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Poole</collectingRegion>
|
||
& Gentili 1996: 686
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(checklist). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC63754347B787DFB6AB341AD4EF8DD" author="Scoble M. J." page="901" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" year="1999">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF66CB4347B787DFB6AB341AD4EF8DD" author="Scoble M. J." pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="2" refId="ref41359" refString="Scoble M. J. 1999. Geometrid Moths of the World: A Catalogue. Vols 1 & 2. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643101050" type="journal article" year="1999">Scoble 1999: 901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(catalogue). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC63754347B787DFE6EB325AF59F8DD" author="Brown J. W. & Bash K." box="[473,769,1861,1888]" page="73" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" year="2000">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF66CB4347B787DFE6EB325AF59F8DD" author="Brown J. W. & Bash K." box="[473,769,1861,1888]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="45 - 78" refId="ref38655" refString="Brown J. W. & Bash K. 2000. The Lepidoptera of Marine Corps Air Station Miramar: calculating faunal similarity among sampling sites and estimating total species richness. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 36: 45 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 266579" type="journal article" year="2000">Brown & Bash 2000: 73</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC63754347B787DFC83B326A852F8DD" author="Powell J. A." box="[820,1034,1861,1888]" page="369" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" year="2005">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF66CB4347B787DFC83B326A852F8DD" author="Powell J. A." box="[820,1034,1861,1888]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="351 - 371" refId="ref41018" refString="Powell J. A. 2005. Assessment of inventory effort for Lepidoptera (Insecta) and the status of endemic species on Santa Barbara Island California. In: Garcelon D. K. & Schwemm C. A. (eds) Proceedings of the Sixth California Island Symposium: 351 - 371. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara." type="book chapter" year="2005">Powell 2005: 369</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF66CB4347B787DFB8AB326A92FF8DD" author="Scoble M. J. & Hausmann A." box="[1085,1399,1861,1888]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref41395" refString="Scoble M. J. & Hausmann A. 2007. Online list of valid and available names of the Geometridae of the World. Available from http: // www. herbulot. de / globalspecieslist. htm [accessed 20 Aug. 2022]." type="url" year="2007">Scoble & Hausmann 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(online catalogue). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC63754347B787DFE43B30BAEB0F800" author="Pohl G. R. & Patterson B. & Pelham J. P." box="[500,744,1896,1922]" page="449" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" year="2016">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF66CB4347B787DFE43B30BAEB0F800" author="Pohl G. R. & Patterson B. & Pelham J. P." box="[500,744,1896,1922]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref40920" refString="Pohl G. R., Patterson B. & Pelham J. P. 2016. Annotated Taxonomic Checklist of the Lepidoptera of North America, North of Mexico. Working paper published online by the authors at ResearchGate. net https: // doi. org / 10.13140 / RG. 2.1.2186.3287" type="book" year="2016">
|
||
Pohl
|
||
<emphasis id="B913CD57347B787DFD98B30AAE32F800" box="[559,618,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016: 449
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(checklist). —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF66CB4347B787DFC29B30BA835F800" author="Rajaei H. & Hausmann A. & Scoble M. & Wanke D. & Plotkin D. & Brehm G. & Murillo-Ramos L. & Sihvonen P." box="[926,1133,1896,1922]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="145 - 192" refId="ref41120" refString="Rajaei H., Hausmann A., Scoble M., Wanke D., Plotkin D., Brehm G., Murillo-Ramos L. & Sihvonen P. 2022. An online taxonomic facility of Geometridae (Lepidoptera), with an overview of global species richness and systematics. Integrative Systematics 5 (2): 145 - 192. https: // doi. org / 10.18476 / 2022.577933" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Rajaei
|
||
<emphasis id="B913CD57347B787DFC47B30AA873F800" box="[1008,1067,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(online catalogue).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD81145347A787CFF0AB56BADE9FEA1" blockId="61.[189,433,264,291]" box="[189,433,264,291]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<heading id="D090A629347A787CFF0AB56BADE9FEA1" bold="true" box="[189,433,264,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913CD57347A787CFF0AB56BADE9FEA1" bold="true" box="[189,433,264,291]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Diagnostic remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D42CE347A787FFF0AB554AD53FEC4" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD81145347A787CFF0AB554A920FE39" blockId="61.[189,1400,311,443]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C676AC6347A787CFF0AB554ADF0FED3" authorityName="Swett" authorityYear="1917" box="[189,424,311,337]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassinoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913CD57347A787CFF0AB554ADF0FED3" box="[189,424,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Stamnodes cassinoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not easy to distinguish from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C676AC6347A787CFC8CB554AF94FED3" baseAuthorityName="Hulst" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[827,972,311,337]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913CD57347A787CFC8CB554AF94FED3" box="[827,972,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">S. annellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B913CD57347A787CFBB8B554A89EFED3" box="[1039,1222,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C676AC6347A787CFBB8B554A89BFED3" authorityName="DLW" baseAuthorityName="Grossbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1039,1219,311,337]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costimacula">S. costimacula</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Males can be separated from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C676AC6347A787CFE53B538AECAFEF6" authorityName="DLW" baseAuthorityName="Grossbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[484,658,346,373]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costimacula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913CD57347A787CFE53B538AECAFEF6" box="[484,658,346,373]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">S. costimacula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by their filiform and non-bipectinate antennae. Generally, the basal half of the hindwing underside is darker brown than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C676AC6347A787CFC2DB51DA870FE15" baseAuthorityName="Hulst" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[922,1064,381,408]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913CD57347A787CFC2DB51DA870FE15" box="[922,1064,381,408]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">S. annellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C676AC6347A787CFBD3B51DA957FE15" authorityName="DLW" baseAuthorityName="Grossbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1124,1295,381,408]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costimacula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913CD57347A787CFBD3B51DA957FE15" box="[1124,1295,381,408]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">S. costimacula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the costal margin at the antemedian often has a noticeable semicircular ochreous patch. Genitalic dissection
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1841CD347A787CFF0BB3C8A8A3F86B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376835" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10376835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376835/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" startId="61.[188,231,1963,1989]" targetBox="[189,1348,531,1903]" targetPageId="61">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD81145347A787CFF0BB3C8A8A3F86B" blockId="61.[188,1399,1963,2025]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913CD57347A787CFF0BB3C8AD43F847" bold="true" box="[188,283,1963,1989]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 94.</emphasis>
|
||
COI neighbour-joining tree for Mexican
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C676AC6347A787CFCBDB3C8A812F844" authority="Guenee, [1858]" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1858" box="[778,1098,1963,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913CD57347A787CFCBDB3C8AFD1F847" box="[778,905,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Stamnodes</emphasis>
|
||
Guenée, [1858]
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
using default Kimura-2P model in the Barcode of Life Project (BOLD). Taxon names followed by BOLD Process ID.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD811453479787FFF0AB56AAD53FEC4" blockId="62.[188,1398,265,326]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">(Matson & Wagner in prep.) and genetic analysis are sometimes necessary to distinguish this taxon from others.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D42CE3479787FFF0AB50EAD56FDA2" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD811453479787FFF0AB50EAD0EFE05" blockId="62.[189,342,365,391]" box="[189,342,365,391]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<heading id="D090A6293479787FFF0AB50EAD0EFE05" bold="true" box="[189,342,365,391]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913CD573479787FFF0AB50EAD0EFE05" bold="true" box="[189,342,365,391]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD811453479787FFF0AB5FFAD56FDA2" blockId="62.[189,1399,412,544]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37051D53479787FFF0AB5FFAD43FE34" box="[189,283,412,438]" name="Mexico" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C676AC63479787FFE9CB5FFAE4FFE34" authorityName="Swett" authorityYear="1917" box="[299,535,412,438]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassinoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913CD573479787FFE9CB5FFAE4FFE34" box="[299,535,412,438]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Stamnodes cassinoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in the chaparral associations, foothills, canyons, and Pacific coastal scrub communities of northwestern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3DFA73479787FFD0AB5DCAF2EFE5B" box="[701,886,447,473]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Baja California</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37051D53479787FFC37B5DCAFE7FE5B" box="[896,959,447,473]" name="United States of America" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: the core of this species’ range lies in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3DFA73479787FFF0AB581AD60FE7E" box="[189,312,482,508]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C676AC63479787FFEF4B581AE72FE7E" authorityName="Swett" authorityYear="1917" box="[323,554,482,508]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassinoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913CD573479787FFEF4B581AE72FE7E" box="[323,554,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Stamnodes cassinoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to prefer more coastal habitat than congeners and rarely ranges inland.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D42CE3479787FFF0AB624AFECFC51" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD811453479787FFF0AB624AD44FDE3" blockId="62.[189,284,583,609]" box="[189,284,583,609]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<heading id="D090A6293479787FFF0AB624AD44FDE3" bold="true" box="[189,284,583,609]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913CD573479787FFF0AB624AD44FDE3" bold="true" box="[189,284,583,609]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD811453479787FFF0AB615AE49FC9F" blockId="62.[189,1401,630,797]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C676AC63479787FFF0AB615ADFDFD0D" authorityName="Swett" authorityYear="1917" box="[189,421,630,656]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassinoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913CD573479787FFF0AB615ADFDFD0D" box="[189,421,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Stamnodes cassinoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeds on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C676AC63479787FFDAAB615AF6DFD12" box="[541,821,630,656]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Cercocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="betuloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913CD573479787FFDAAB615AF6DFD12" box="[541,821,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Cercocarpus betuloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in southern California and likely
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37051D53479787FFB7EB615A97EFD12" box="[1225,1318,630,656]" name="Mexico" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
. There is a single flight, from early December through January, with mature caterpillars following into March. The caterpillar and host plant were discovered by David L. Wagner and the author in
|
||
<date id="FFD937853479787FFB72B6DFA90EFD54" box="[1221,1366,700,726]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="2016-03">
|
||
March
|
||
<quantity id="4C9FBCA03479787FFAACB6DFA90EFD54" box="[1307,1366,700,726]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.12064" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="in" value="2016.0">2016</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
in southern California. Additional unpublished life history details and larval illustrations are forthcoming (Matson & Wagner in prep.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD811453479787FFF0AB727AE49FCDC" blockId="62.[189,529,836,862]" box="[189,529,836,862]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<heading id="D090A6293479787FFF0AB727AE49FCDC" bold="true" box="[189,529,836,862]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913CD573479787FFF0AB727AE49FCDC" bold="true" box="[189,529,836,862]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Molecular characterization</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD811453479787FFF0AB711AFECFC51" blockId="62.[187,1398,882,979]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
This species is represented in BOLD as BIN: BOLD:AAF9456 (n = 10). At present, the average pairwise intraspecific distance is 0.59%, the pairwise maximum intraspecific distance is 1.12%, and the distance to the nearest neighbour,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C676AC63479787FFE52B7DAAEB8FC51" authorityName="Wright" authorityYear="1920" box="[485,736,953,979]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modocata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913CD573479787FFE52B7DAAEB8FC51" box="[485,736,953,979]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Stamnodes modocata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n = 2), is 4.67%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |