263 lines
30 KiB
XML
263 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="137CD2057923475D3D573E863731430E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.180897" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d0034a16-cad2-4058-9569-95a0dd26699c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="180897" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459818700620" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Barnett, Leonie J., Smales, Lesley R. & Cribb, Thomas H." docDate="2008" docId="03C487A0FF8AFF82FF164DFBFC5CFB8C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01705p039.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1705" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cantharus capricornia" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FFFDFFD8FF8EFF84FF814D6CFFB9F96E" masterDocTitle="A complex of putative acanthocolpid cercariae (Digenea) from Nassarius olivaceus and N. dorsatus (Gastropoda: Nassariidae) in Central Queensland, Australia" masterLastPageNumber="39" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1698221669718" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="535CCF193C5D6F9D20C3FAAE2ABB8843" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="430CDDF156536B62966F4CCD9635257F">
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<mods:title id="70DEB644BACCFD7F0D1C25ACB8BAB2F0">A complex of putative acanthocolpid cercariae (Digenea) from Nassarius olivaceus and N. dorsatus (Gastropoda: Nassariidae) in Central Queensland, Australia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="7F98675F3DE8222A0DD4BBEA6D00CE03" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="573EEBA3F5FE16A2D1C991C0B7D9BEB0">
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<mods:roleTerm id="25C239ACC2D085D4C0FB4FEBA3E72FAE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EAAED92BBBC60B57EC5C8AFB5CF59F02">Barnett, Leonie J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D228F1DC121A4867737C3C60BC639AB3" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="14E8830BE71DD8B40ADDB50A5F81D3AE">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6BF2F296B2008F408580136CEFCC8F04">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="68446A6A13CD858B595DD32A7C7A0420">Smales, Lesley R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="27AF8BDE6371B1D793B8E0DEA3B8C4A0" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3F85CF9EAB047CED4DEE7A4F09201A7F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="96192A666A24AB9323C78ABB854F9C3A">Cribb, Thomas H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5DBDCBE5C663DB1C512B4D3BFB295D23">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="F69923F9132E03CE126B342E72AE15D3">
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<mods:title id="2B6D2F751DB2F14F527172BAC725BE3C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="0E87411E2C4A919326EB1BE12375D36F">
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<mods:date id="150F769493189009D4F0287DD766A7C4">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="29A1943142AC20E1770B816F181C9DF3" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E9A27B3084EE71B27E57D93687E318DA">1705</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="51A1FA29314FF10BB57AFD3C156F2DC9">21</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="DE7DCC3D36327A954E8EF87530357E8D">39</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="5095A0CA6AC35A59329612B1252DF64E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="310425B2E6E0E57EA84897B5E844FA82" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.180897</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A1A71DEBE47A375CA995961E55486C34" type="GBIF-Dataset">d0034a16-cad2-4058-9569-95a0dd26699c</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4893A68D5DA21B2A0219CBD30C31F091" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="87F8FC594881D036D168948EC2F18916" type="Zenodo-Dep">180897</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C487A0FF8AFF82FF164DFBFC5CFB8C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6236150" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119355269" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6236150" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C487A0FF8AFF82FF164DFBFC5CFB8C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C487A0FF8AFF82FF164DFBFC5CFB8C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
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<subSubSection id="C377653DFF8AFF80FF164DFBFF56F9BA" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8AFF80FF164DFBFE0BF9DF" blockId="4.[151,434,151,212]" box="[151,434,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
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<heading id="D09A81DAFF8AFF80FF164DFBFE0BF9DF" bold="true" box="[151,434,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8AFF80FF164DFBFE0BF9DF" bold="true" box="[151,434,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
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||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8AFF80FF164DFBFE2DF9DF" bold="true" box="[151,404,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
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Cercaria
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D35FF8AFF80FE894DFBFE2DF9DF" box="[264,404,151,177]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Cantharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="capricornia">capricornia</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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II
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8AFF80FF164DD6FF56F9BA" blockId="4.[151,434,151,212]" box="[151,239,186,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13562A33FF8AFF80FF1E4DD6FF5CF9BA" box="[159,229,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. a – f" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1519,1543]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,219,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,194,1495]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. a – f. Cercaria capricornia II naturally emerged from Nassarius olivaceus: a. Body, heat-killed, in ventral view; b. Entire cercaria, heat-killed, from side view; c. Live cercaria, body folded for swimming, from ventral view; d. Live cercaria, resting attitude, side view; e. Live cercaria, resting attitude, ventral view; f. Rediae, fixed, containing cercariae at different stages of development. Scale bars a, b = 100 μm; c – e not to scale; f = 200 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180899/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C377653DFF8AFF80FF164C69FC29F889" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8AFF80FF164C69FC27F871" blockId="4.[151,1437,261,967]" box="[151,926,261,287]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8AFF80FF164C69FF62F871" bold="true" box="[151,219,261,287]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Host:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D35FF8AFF80FF624C69FDE4F871" authority="Bruguiere" authorityName="Bruguiere" box="[227,605,261,287]" class="Gastropoda" family="Nassariidae" genus="Nassarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8AFF80FF624C69FE77F870" box="[227,462,261,286]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Nassarius olivaceus</emphasis>
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(Bruguière)
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</taxonomicName>
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(Gastropoda,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D35FF8AFF80FC854C69FC2BF871" box="[772,914,261,287]" class="Gastropoda" family="Nassariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Nassariidae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8AFF80FF444C41FBFEF829" blockId="4.[151,1437,261,967]" box="[197,1095,301,327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8AFF80FF444C41FE8CF829" bold="true" box="[197,309,301,327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Locality:</emphasis>
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Cawarral Creek, Keppel Sands, Queensland (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE595071FF8AFF80FCD14C41FC0CF829" box="[848,949,301,327]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="-23.316668">23°19' S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE595071FF8AFF80FC434C41FB83F829" box="[962,1082,301,327]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="150.78334">150°47' E</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8AFF80FF444C39FB31F801" blockId="4.[151,1437,261,967]" box="[197,1160,341,367]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8AFF80FF444C39FE96F801" bold="true" box="[197,303,341,367]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Habitat:</emphasis>
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Amongst and immediately adjacent to mangroves on intertidal mudflats.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8AFF80FF444C11FE83F8D1" blockId="4.[151,1437,261,967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8AFF80FF444C11FE37F8F9" bold="true" box="[197,398,381,407]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Other localities:</emphasis>
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Sandy Point, Corio Bay, Queensland (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE595071FF8AFF80FCD24C11FC01F8F9" box="[851,952,381,407]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="-22.966667">22°58' S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE595071FF8AFF80FC444C11FB85F8F9" box="[965,1084,381,407]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="150.76666">150°46' E</geoCoordinate>
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), Ross Creek, Yeppoon (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE595071FF8AFF80FADF4C11FF10F8D1" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="-23.133333">23°8' S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE595071FF8AFF80FF374CC9FE95F8D1" box="[182,300,421,447]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="150.75">150°45' E</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8AFF80FF444CA1FC29F889" blockId="4.[151,1437,261,967]" box="[197,912,461,487]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8AFF80FF444CA1FDBDF889" bold="true" box="[197,516,461,487]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Prevalence of emergence:</emphasis>
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1.26% (24 of 1908
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D35FF8AFF80FD6F4CA1FCC6F888" box="[750,895,461,486]" class="Gastropoda" family="Nassariidae" genus="Nassarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8AFF80FD6F4CA1FCC6F888" box="[750,895,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">N. olivaceus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C377653DFF8AFF80FF444C99FEAFFB31" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8AFF80FF444C99FB4BFB61" blockId="4.[151,1437,261,967]" box="[197,1266,501,527]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8AFF80FF444C99FE85FB61" bold="true" box="[197,316,501,527]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Material:</emphasis>
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South Australian Museum, AHC 29308–AHC 29311, AHC 34518–AHC 34548.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8AFF80FF444F71FEAFFB31" blockId="4.[151,1437,261,967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8AFF80FF444F71FE02FB59" bold="true" box="[197,443,541,567]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Dates of collection:</emphasis>
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August/
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<date id="FFD31076FF8AFF80FDA24F71FD50FB59" box="[547,745,541,567]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" value="2004-11">November 2004</date>
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, February/May-June/August/
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<date id="FFD31076FF8AFF80FBC54F71FABEFB59" box="[1092,1287,541,567]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" value="2005-11">November 2005</date>
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and March/
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<date id="FFD31076FF8AFF80FF164F29FEABFB31" box="[151,274,581,607]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" value="2006-05">May 2006</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C377653DFF8AFF82FF444F01FC5CFB8C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8AFF80FF444F01FED9FBE9" blockId="4.[151,1437,261,967]" box="[197,352,621,647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8AFF80FF444F01FED9FBE9" bold="true" box="[197,352,621,647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Description:</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8AFF80FF444FF9FEB0FBC1" blockId="4.[151,1437,261,967]" box="[197,265,661,687]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Redia</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8AFF80FF444FD1FD25FBB9" blockId="4.[151,1437,261,967]" box="[197,668,701,727]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8AFF80FF444FD1FF48FBB8" box="[197,241,701,726]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Site</emphasis>
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. Reproductive and digestive glands.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8AFF80FF444F89FC46FA49" blockId="4.[151,1437,261,967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8AFF80FF444F89FE96FB90" box="[197,303,741,766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Structure</emphasis>
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. Body elongate, cylindrical with posterior extremity tapering to point (
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<figureCitation id="13562A33FF8AFF80FBF84F89FB55FB91" box="[1145,1260,741,767]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. a – f" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1519,1543]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,219,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,194,1495]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. a – f. Cercaria capricornia II naturally emerged from Nassarius olivaceus: a. Body, heat-killed, in ventral view; b. Entire cercaria, heat-killed, from side view; c. Live cercaria, body folded for swimming, from ventral view; d. Live cercaria, resting attitude, side view; e. Live cercaria, resting attitude, ventral view; f. Rediae, fixed, containing cercariae at different stages of development. Scale bars a, b = 100 μm; c – e not to scale; f = 200 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180899/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Figure 2f</figureCitation>
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). Mouth opens terminally; pharynx spherical. Cercariae in various stages of development.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8AFF80FF444E59FD68FA21" blockId="4.[151,1437,261,967]" box="[197,721,821,847]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8AFF80FF444E59FEF6FA20" box="[197,335,821,846]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Dimensions</emphasis>
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. Based on 12 unflattened rediae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8AFF80FF444E31FE52FA19" blockId="4.[151,1437,261,967]" box="[197,491,861,887]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Length: 290–420 (344.2)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8AFF80FF444EE9FE7BFAF1" blockId="4.[151,1437,261,967]" box="[197,450,901,927]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Width: 50–100 (72.5)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8AFF80FF444EC1FD3AFAA9" blockId="4.[151,1437,261,967]" box="[197,643,941,967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
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Pharynx: 17–33 (22.9)
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<date id="FFD31076FF8AFF80FE544EC1FD8DFAA9" box="[469,564,941,967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" value="1917-10-30">x 17–30</date>
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(22.1)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8AFF80FF164E9EFE6CFD62" blockId="4.[151,1437,1010,2036]" box="[151,469,1010,1036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Naturally emerged cercaria</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8AFF80FF444976FBA0FC22" blockId="4.[151,1437,1010,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8AFF80FF444976FEB9FD5D" box="[197,256,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Body</emphasis>
|
||
. Flattened, with conspicuous constriction at level of ventral sucker (
|
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<figureCitation id="13562A33FF8AFF80FBB04976FB11FD5A" box="[1073,1192,1050,1076]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. a – f" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1519,1543]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,219,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,194,1495]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. a – f. Cercaria capricornia II naturally emerged from Nassarius olivaceus: a. Body, heat-killed, in ventral view; b. Entire cercaria, heat-killed, from side view; c. Live cercaria, body folded for swimming, from ventral view; d. Live cercaria, resting attitude, side view; e. Live cercaria, resting attitude, ventral view; f. Rediae, fixed, containing cercariae at different stages of development. Scale bars a, b = 100 μm; c – e not to scale; f = 200 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180899/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Figure 2a</figureCitation>
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). Forebody reduced, slender, arched ventrally, widening medially at about level of pharynx. Hindbody posterior to constriction expanded, large, broadly ovate, extremely flattened, extending beyond tail junction on both sides, with deep ventral keel longitudinally between posterior margin of ventral sucker and anterior margin of excretory vesicle; keel roughly triangular in profile, deepest midway between constriction and anterior extremity of excretory vesicle, ventral margin varies from sharp angle to broadly rounded (
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<figureCitation id="13562A33FF8AFF80FB80498EFBC2FD92" box="[1025,1147,1250,1276]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. a – f" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1519,1543]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,219,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,194,1495]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. a – f. Cercaria capricornia II naturally emerged from Nassarius olivaceus: a. Body, heat-killed, in ventral view; b. Entire cercaria, heat-killed, from side view; c. Live cercaria, body folded for swimming, from ventral view; d. Live cercaria, resting attitude, side view; e. Live cercaria, resting attitude, ventral view; f. Rediae, fixed, containing cercariae at different stages of development. Scale bars a, b = 100 μm; c – e not to scale; f = 200 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180899/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Figure 2b</figureCitation>
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). In life, anterior end of forebody reflexed dorsally and angled forward posterior to eye-spots; hindbody slightly arched ventrally, sides reflexed dorsally on either side of keel in V formation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13562A33FF8AFF80FCE1485EFBB5FC22" box="[864,1036,1330,1356]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. a – f" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1519,1543]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,219,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,194,1495]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. a – f. Cercaria capricornia II naturally emerged from Nassarius olivaceus: a. Body, heat-killed, in ventral view; b. Entire cercaria, heat-killed, from side view; c. Live cercaria, body folded for swimming, from ventral view; d. Live cercaria, resting attitude, side view; e. Live cercaria, resting attitude, ventral view; f. Rediae, fixed, containing cercariae at different stages of development. Scale bars a, b = 100 μm; c – e not to scale; f = 200 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180899/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Figures 2d, 2e</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8AFF80FF444837FCA9FCF2" blockId="4.[151,1437,1010,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8AFF80FF444837FE8AFC1A" box="[197,307,1371,1396]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Tegument</emphasis>
|
||
. Spines anterior to constriction arranged in regular rows in anterior forebody, longest in anterior half forebody, decreasing in size towards constriction.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8AFF80FF4448C7FCF3FC82" blockId="4.[151,1437,1010,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8AFF80FF4448C7FE99FCAA" box="[197,288,1451,1476]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Suckers</emphasis>
|
||
. Oral sucker opening ventrosubterminally, spinose, lacking stylet. Ventral sucker round, aperture surrounded by single row of 71–85 inwardly facing spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8AFF80FF444897FC18FF7A" blockId="4.[151,1437,1010,2036]" box="[197,929,1530,1556]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8AFF80FF444897FE8EFF7A" box="[197,311,1531,1556]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Eye-spots</emphasis>
|
||
. Oblong, dense, lateral on either side of prepharynx.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8AFF80FF444B4FFD3BFFB2" blockId="4.[151,1437,1010,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8AFF80FF444B4FFE9FFF52" box="[197,294,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Pigment</emphasis>
|
||
. Golden-brown, variable: sides of keel sometimes with 4 conspicuous spots – one pair laterally each side of tail base, one pair about level with midpoint of excretory vesicle, laterally about midway between midline and margin; some with regions on anterior edge of expanded hindbody; some with region anterior to ventral sucker. In life, orange brown shading on anterior part of hindbody and keel; small orange brown spots on posterior hindbody sometimes present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8AFF80FF444B87FBCAFE3A" blockId="4.[151,1437,1010,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8AFF80FF444B87FE1FFE6A" box="[197,422,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Penetration glands</emphasis>
|
||
. Three pairs of long, elongate and folded saccular glands, extend from posterior margin of ventral sucker to excretory vesicle, longest often extending almost half length of excretory vesicle; ducts run anteriorly on lateral edges of body. Central glands not evident in forebody.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8AFF80FF444A0FFAF6FE12" blockId="4.[151,1437,1010,2036]" box="[197,1359,1890,1916]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8AFF80FF444A0FFE30FE12" box="[197,393,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Digestive system</emphasis>
|
||
. Mouth opens anteroventrally. Prepharynx long, narrow. Pharynx pyriform, small.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8AFF80FF444AE7FBA0FE9A" blockId="4.[151,1437,1010,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8AFF80FF444AE7FE37FECA" box="[197,398,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Excretory system</emphasis>
|
||
. Excretory vesicle I-shaped, cylindrical, turgid, thick-walled, with columnar cells, onethird length hindbody. Two lateral ducts open into anterior extremity of vesicle, anterior extremity often obscured by glands. Flame cells difficult to discern, formula not determined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF12663EFF8BFF81FF164883FB25FF03" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180899/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" targetBox="[172,1414,219,1477]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8BFF81FF164883FB25FF03" blockId="5.[151,1436,1519,1646]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8BFF81FF164883FEA2FF69" bold="true" box="[151,283,1519,1543]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
a–f.
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8BFF81FED44883FD82FF68" box="[341,571,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Cercaria
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D35FF8BFF81FE3C4883FD82FF68" box="[445,571,1519,1542]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Cantharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="capricornia">capricornia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
II naturally emerged from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D35FF8BFF81FCE74883FB87FF68" box="[870,1086,1519,1542]" class="Gastropoda" family="Nassariidae" genus="Nassarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8BFF81FCE74883FB87FF68" box="[870,1086,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Nassarius olivaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8BFF81FBCE4883FBDAFF69" bold="true" box="[1103,1123,1519,1543]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">a.</emphasis>
|
||
Body, heat-killed, in ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8BFF81FF5B4B7DFF56FF47" bold="true" box="[218,239,1553,1577]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">b.</emphasis>
|
||
Entire cercaria, heat-killed, from side view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8BFF81FD524B7DFD5CFF47" bold="true" box="[723,741,1553,1577]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">c.</emphasis>
|
||
Live cercaria, body folded for swimming, from ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8BFF81FA074B7DFA22FF47" bold="true" box="[1414,1435,1553,1577]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">d.</emphasis>
|
||
Live cercaria, resting attitude, side view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8BFF81FDD24B58FDDCFF22" bold="true" box="[595,613,1588,1612]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">e.</emphasis>
|
||
Live cercaria, resting attitude, ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8BFF81FBC94B58FBE1FF22" bold="true" box="[1096,1112,1588,1612]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">f.</emphasis>
|
||
Rediae, fixed, containing cercariae at different stages of development. Scale bars a, b = 100 μm; c–e not to scale; f = 200 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8BFF81FF444BCEFD01FE62" blockId="5.[197,1223,1698,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8BFF81FF444BCEFF56FFD5" box="[197,239,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Tail</emphasis>
|
||
. Simple, long, cylindrical, gradually tapering terminally; lacks spines, setae or fins.
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8BFF81FF444BA6FEF6FF8D" box="[197,335,1738,1763]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Dimensions</emphasis>
|
||
. Based on 249 naturally emerged specimens. Total length body: 380–710 (553.9 ± 63.2)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8BFF81FF444A76FC9DFE32" blockId="5.[197,1223,1698,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Length anterior end to tail base: 360–660 (524.7 ± 58.3) Maximum width hindbody: 212–340 (267.8 ± 24.6)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8BFF81FF444A06FCB4FEEA" blockId="5.[197,1223,1698,2004]" box="[197,781,1898,1924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Maximum width forebody: 75–138 (111.7 ± 11.0)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8BFF81FF444AFEFD78FEC2" blockId="5.[197,1223,1698,2004]" box="[197,705,1938,1964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Width at constriction: 65–133 (94.3 ± 11.7)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8BFF81FF444AD6FD16FEBA" blockId="5.[197,1223,1698,2004]" box="[197,687,1978,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Length forebody: 130–235 (197.4 ± 19.8)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF88FF82FF444DF4FC96F9DC" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,738]" box="[197,815,152,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Oral sucker: 37–55 (45.6 ± 3.3)
|
||
<date id="FFD31076FF88FF82FDBE4DF4FDC9F9DC" box="[575,624,152,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" value="1937-10">x 37</date>
|
||
–60 (46.8 ± 3.6)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF88FF82FF444DACFCE9F9B4" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,738]" box="[197,848,192,218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Ventral sucker: 57–83 (69.3 ± 4.6)
|
||
<date id="FFD31076FF88FF82FDDE4DACFD2BF9B4" box="[607,658,192,218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" value="1957-10">x 57</date>
|
||
–83 (66.3 ± 3.8)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF88FF82FF444D84FD70F86C" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,738]" box="[197,713,232,258]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Prepharynx (n=246): 75–148 (120.5 ± 13.1)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF88FF82FF444C7CFDCEF844" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,738]" box="[197,631,272,298]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Pharynx (n=246): 17–28 (23.6 ± 2.0)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF88FF82FF444C54FC26F83C" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,738]" box="[197,927,312,338]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Excretory vesicle: 85–150 (115.4 ± 12.8)
|
||
<date id="FFD31076FF88FF82FD2F4C54FD58F83C" box="[686,737,312,338]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" value="1937-10">x 37</date>
|
||
–63 (49.7 ± 4.2)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF88FF82FF444C0CFCCFF814" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,738]" box="[197,886,352,378]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Tail (n=173): 510–950 (708.6 ± 79.3)
|
||
<date id="FFD31076FF88FF82FD054C0CFD5AF814" box="[644,739,352,378]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" value="1953-10-27">x 27–53</date>
|
||
(38.3 ± 5.1)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF88FF82FF444CE4FC4BF8A4" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF88FF82FF444CE4FD69F8CF" box="[197,720,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Cercarial emergence: rhythm and variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Large numbers of cercariae emerged every 2–5 days, sometimes on consecutive days; emergence generally between 7 pm and 8 am.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF88FF82FF444CB4FC5CFB8C" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF88FF82FF444CB4FE8CF89F" box="[197,309,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Behavior.</emphasis>
|
||
Naturally emerged cercariae are free-swimming and swim actively toward light where they orient themselves facing toward the light source. When swimming, the hindbody is folded ventrally and the forebody is contracted longitudinally; the tail lashes from side to side for movement (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13562A33FF88FF82FBE94F44FB67FB2C" box="[1128,1246,552,578]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. a – f" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1519,1543]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,219,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,194,1495]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. a – f. Cercaria capricornia II naturally emerged from Nassarius olivaceus: a. Body, heat-killed, in ventral view; b. Entire cercaria, heat-killed, from side view; c. Live cercaria, body folded for swimming, from ventral view; d. Live cercaria, resting attitude, side view; e. Live cercaria, resting attitude, ventral view; f. Rediae, fixed, containing cercariae at different stages of development. Scale bars a, b = 100 μm; c – e not to scale; f = 200 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180899/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Figure 2c</figureCitation>
|
||
). When resting, the hindbody is slightly flexed ventrally; tail extends forwards and angled dorsally from hindbody, may be held close to hindbody (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13562A33FF88FF82FE2F4F14FD96FBFC" box="[430,559,632,658]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. a – f" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1519,1543]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,219,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,194,1495]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. a – f. Cercaria capricornia II naturally emerged from Nassarius olivaceus: a. Body, heat-killed, in ventral view; b. Entire cercaria, heat-killed, from side view; c. Live cercaria, body folded for swimming, from ventral view; d. Live cercaria, resting attitude, side view; e. Live cercaria, resting attitude, ventral view; f. Rediae, fixed, containing cercariae at different stages of development. Scale bars a, b = 100 μm; c – e not to scale; f = 200 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180899/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Figures 2d</figureCitation>
|
||
). When first emerged, cercariae swim actively towards light and frequently rise to surface; then settle characteristically on their side. After about 24 hours, cercariae become less active, decaudation may occur and they start to die. The cercariae never encyst.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |