296 lines
38 KiB
XML
296 lines
38 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="97129BB740DD9F3891205CF775310EF3">A survey on poorly known rainforest litter-dwelling spiders of Orchid Island (Lanyu, Taiwan) with the description of a new species (Araneae: Linyphiidae Tetrablemmidae, and Theridiosomatidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3715D46A6FF10232F15A10D71CCAA4C0">Ballarin, Francesco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0D71F20798AB287C90B6A95FA68B7C71">Systematic Zoology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1 - 1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi, 192 - 0397, Tokyo, Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8B1B9C0A4B8326F3711747D87738D6A0">Yamasaki, Takeshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B81B646B644FA9C7E2B212AAED5E54B5">Systematic Zoology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1 - 1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi, 192 - 0397, Tokyo, Japan. & Institute of Nature and Environmental Sciences, University of Hyogo / Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo, Yayoigaoka 6, Sanda-shi, 669 - 1546, Hyogo, Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DE6C8AE62EE1857C4D2CEFDD03BE7EC2">Su, Yong-Chao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BEF56B2E133B924916B5A66DA1AA4620">Department of Biomedical Science and Environment Biology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="BC13A9A0040554CA2BBC405094481087">2021</mods:date>
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<emphasis id="B9634E396757AD63EDE739BEFE35FE56" bold="true" box="[151,460,453,480]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Theridiosoma triumphale</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF86EFDA6757AD63ECA339BEFD58FE69" author="Zhao, Q. Y. & Li, S. Q." box="[467,673,453,479]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" pagination="1" refId="ref6403" refString="Zhao, Q. Y. & Li, S. Q. (2012) Eleven new species of theridiosomatid spiders from southern China (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae). ZooKeys, 255, 1 ‾ 48. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 255.3272" type="journal article" year="2012">Zhao & Li, 2012</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="132C8EAE6757AD63EDE73992FF00FDB0" box="[151,249,489,518]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1437,181,1711]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Theridiosoma triumphale Zhao & Li, 2012 male palp: A. prolateral view; B. retrolateral view; C. ventral view; D. ventro-retrolateral view. Abbreviations: cn = conductor; e = embolus; ea = embolic apophysis; ma = median apophysis; t = tegulum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4536978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4536978/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Figs. 3A</figureCitation>
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̅D, 4 A–E.
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<taxonomicName id="4C17E9A86757AD63EDE73A52FDF5FDF7" authority="Zhao & Li, 2012: 37" authorityName="Zhao & Li" authorityPageNumber="37" authorityYear="2012" box="[151,524,552,577]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triumphalis">
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<emphasis id="B9634E396757AD63EDE73A52FEDEFDF6" box="[151,295,552,576]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">T. triumphalis</emphasis>
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, f. 24 A̅D, 25 A, B (³). (
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<typeStatus id="54AC2C896757AD63EE5A3A52FC74FDF7" box="[810,909,553,577]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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Ƌ from
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:
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BCC08516757AD63E9823A52FE3DFDE9" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Mt. Jianfengling National Nature Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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,
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<date id="FFA9B4EB6757AD63EFE43A3CFCD0FDE9" box="[660,809,583,607]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" value="2007-07-19">
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<collectingDate id="EFED4D036757AD63EFE43A3CFCD0FDE9" box="[660,809,583,607]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" value="2007-07-19">19 JULY 2007</collectingDate>
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, leg.
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<collectorName id="26E2F7FD6757AD63EE2F3A3CFC68FDE9" box="[863,913,583,607]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Li S.</collectorName>
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(IZCAS); examined, based on photos).
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<emphasis id="B9634E396757AD63EDE73AF3FE84FD14" bold="true" box="[151,381,648,674]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Material examined</emphasis>
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:
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,
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,
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<collectingCounty id="62C9EAA76757AD63EE733AF3FC59FD14" box="[771,928,648,674]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Orchid Island</collectingCounty>
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(
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),
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neighborhood, along the trail to
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(
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<emphasis id="B9634E396757AD63ECEA3AD6FE14FD72" box="[410,493,685,708]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
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†
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<collectionCode id="ED060AEE6757AD63ECC63AD6FE24FD72" box="[438,477,685,708]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">R</collectionCode>
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¨
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),
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a.s.l.
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, (
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,
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), 13.
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.2019, rainforest litter (
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<collectionCode id="ED060AEE6757AD63EDEF3AABFF0FFD5C" box="[159,246,720,746]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2nry-s1yg" name="National Museum of Natural Science" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">NMNS</collectionCode>
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); 1³,
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,
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neighborhood, rainforest litter,
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<location id="8EC8C4F06757AD63EE2A3AABFC6AFD5C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE233D6757AD63EDE739BEFAA6F84D:8EC8C4F06757AD63EE2A3AABFC6AFD5C" box="[858,915,720,746]" country="Taiwan" latitude="22.028473" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="121.576775" municipality="Dongqing" name="Elev." pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Elev.</location>
|
||
<elevation id="003A75186757AD63EEED3AABFBE3FD5C" box="[925,1050,720,747]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="50.0">
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<quantity id="4CEF3FCE6757AD63EEED3AABFC23FD5D" box="[925,986,720,747]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE23F4EC6757AD63E9423AABFB2DFD5D" box="[1074,1236,720,747]" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" precision="1" seconds="42.5" value="22.028473">22°01’42.5”N</geoCoordinate>
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,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE23F4EC6757AD63E9933AABFA76FD5D" box="[1251,1423,720,747]" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" precision="1" seconds="36.4" value="121.576775">121°34’36.4”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 14.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED060AEE6757AD63EDC53A8FFEF9FCB8" box="[181,256,756,782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">JUNE</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.2019, (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED060AEE6757AD63EC223A8FFE50FCB8" box="[338,425,756,782]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2nry-s1yg" name="National Museum of Natural Science" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">NMNS</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F98766757AD63ECCB3A8FFB50FCB9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3043294311" box="[443,1193,756,783]" collectionCode="JUNE" country="Taiwan" elevation="40" latitude="22.029879" location="Elev." longLatPrecision="1" longitude="121.576775" municipality="Dongqing" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1159A26757AD63ECCB3A8FFE27FCB8" box="[443,478,756,782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, same locality,
|
||
<elevation id="003A75186757AD63EFF73A8FFD00FCB8" box="[647,761,756,783]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="40.0">
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<quantity id="4CEF3FCE6757AD63EFF73A8FFD47FCB9" box="[647,702,756,783]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE23F4EC6757AD63EE7C3A8FFC65FCB8" box="[780,924,756,782]" degrees="22.029878" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" precision="1" value="22.029879">22.029878N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE23F4EC6757AD63EED53A8FFBD7FCB9" box="[933,1070,756,783]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">121.575075</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 15.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED060AEE6757AD63E92D3A8FFB50FCB9" box="[1117,1193,756,783]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">JUNE</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.2019, all leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26E2F7FD6757AD63E8323A8FFF55FC85" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Ballarin F.</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED060AEE6757AD63EDCA3B63FEFCFC84" box="[186,261,792,818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">FBPC</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30DC1A06757AD63EDB73B47FDF8FBBC" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA8922B6757AD63EDB73B47FDF8FBBC" blockId="4.[151,1437,648,2043]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9634E396757AD63EDB73B47FEBBFCE0" bold="true" box="[199,322,828,854]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
For male diagnosis see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF86EFDA6757AD63EF263B47FCEBFCE0" author="Zhao, Q. Y. & Li, S. Q." box="[598,786,828,854]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" pagination="1" refId="ref6403" refString="Zhao, Q. Y. & Li, S. Q. (2012) Eleven new species of theridiosomatid spiders from southern China (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae). ZooKeys, 255, 1 ‾ 48. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 255.3272" type="journal article" year="2012">Zhao & Li 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 39. Female of this species can be easily distinguished from female of Asian congeners by the presence of a short but well-developed scapus on the epigynal plate. In addition, female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17E9A86757AD63EC283BFEFE08FC28" authorityName="Zhao & Li" authorityYear="2012" box="[344,497,900,926]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triumphale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9634E396757AD63EC283BFEFE08FC28" box="[344,497,900,926]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">T. triumphale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17E9A86757AD63EEF03BFEFAB4FC28" authority="Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009" authorityName="Miller, Griswold & Yin" authorityYear="2009" box="[896,1357,900,926]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diwang">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9634E396757AD63EEF03BFEFC16FC28" box="[896,1007,900,926]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">T. diwang</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF86EFDA6757AD63EE893BFFFAB4FC28" author="Miller, J. A. & Griswold, C. E. & Yin, C. M." box="[1017,1357,900,926]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" pagination="9" refId="ref6081" refString="Miller, J. A., Griswold, C. E. & Yin, C. M. (2009) The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers. ZooKeys, 11, 9 ‾ 195. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 11.160." type="journal article" year="2009">Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17E9A86757AD63E8F83BFEFDA9FC74" authority="Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009" authorityName="Miller, Griswold & Yin" authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shuangbi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9634E396757AD63E8F83BFEFF07FC74" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">T. shuangbi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF86EFDA6757AD63EC753BD3FDA9FC74" author="Miller, J. A. & Griswold, C. E. & Yin, C. M." box="[261,592,936,962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" pagination="9" refId="ref6081" refString="Miller, J. A., Griswold, C. E. & Yin, C. M. (2009) The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers. ZooKeys, 11, 9 ‾ 195. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 11.160." type="journal article" year="2009">Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the position of the spermathecae, located high over the copulatory ducts in contrast with spermathecae located adjacent to the copulatory ducts in the latter two species (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C8EAE6757AD63E98E3BB7FA8CFC50" box="[1278,1397,972,998]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1283,1307]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,181,1253]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[151,1436,181,1259]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Theridiosoma triumphale Zhao & Li, 2012:A. epigyne, ventral view; B. epigyne, ventral view after maceration; C. vulva, dorsal view after maceration; D. male habitus; E. female habitus. Abbreviations: cd = copulatory duct; co = copulatory opening; fd = fertilization ducts; s = scapus; sp = spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4536980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4536980/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Fig. 4B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
vs. figs. 3G, I in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF86EFDA6757AD63EC5D3B8BFE0CFBBC" author="Miller, J. A. & Griswold, C. E. & Yin, C. M." box="[301,501,1008,1034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" pagination="9" refId="ref6081" refString="Miller, J. A., Griswold, C. E. & Yin, C. M. (2009) The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers. ZooKeys, 11, 9 ‾ 195. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 11.160." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Miller
|
||
<emphasis id="B9634E396757AD63EC093B8AFE4BFBBC" box="[377,434,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30DC1A06757AD63EDB73C6FFCE4F9FC" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA8922B6757AD63EDB73C6FFB71FB98" blockId="4.[151,1437,648,2043]" box="[199,1160,1044,1071]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9634E396757AD63EDB73C6FFE5AFB98" bold="true" box="[199,419,1044,1070]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Description. Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements: total length: 1.24; carapace: 0.63 long, 0.58 wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA8922B6757AD63EDB73C43FCC4FB2C" blockId="4.[151,1437,648,2043]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
|
||
Habitus as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C8EAE6757AD63EC123C43FE42FBE4" box="[354,443,1080,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1283,1307]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,181,1253]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[151,1436,181,1259]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Theridiosoma triumphale Zhao & Li, 2012:A. epigyne, ventral view; B. epigyne, ventral view after maceration; C. vulva, dorsal view after maceration; D. male habitus; E. female habitus. Abbreviations: cd = copulatory duct; co = copulatory opening; fd = fertilization ducts; s = scapus; sp = spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4536980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4536980/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
. Palp as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C8EAE6757AD63EF4C3C43FD82FBE4" box="[572,635,1080,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1437,181,1711]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Theridiosoma triumphale Zhao & Li, 2012 male palp: A. prolateral view; B. retrolateral view; C. ventral view; D. ventro-retrolateral view. Abbreviations: cn = conductor; e = embolus; ea = embolic apophysis; ma = median apophysis; t = tegulum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4536978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4536978/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A–D. Opisthosoma uniformly yellowish, bearing 3̅4 silver patches on the dorsal side, most of them aligned in a transversal stripe around the central part of opisthosoma. For the main description of body and palp see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF86EFDA6757AD63EF793CFBFD30FB2C" author="Zhao, Q. Y. & Li, S. Q." box="[521,713,1152,1178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" pagination="1" refId="ref6403" refString="Zhao, Q. Y. & Li, S. Q. (2012) Eleven new species of theridiosomatid spiders from southern China (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae). ZooKeys, 255, 1 ‾ 48. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 255.3272" type="journal article" year="2012">Zhao & Li, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 39, 40.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA8922B6757AD63EDB73CDFFE7AFA20" blockId="4.[151,1437,648,2043]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9634E396757AD63EDB73CDFFEDCFB08" bold="true" box="[199,293,1188,1214]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C8EAE6757AD63ECA13CDFFDD0FB08" box="[465,553,1188,1214]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1283,1307]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,181,1253]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[151,1436,181,1259]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Theridiosoma triumphale Zhao & Li, 2012:A. epigyne, ventral view; B. epigyne, ventral view after maceration; C. vulva, dorsal view after maceration; D. male habitus; E. female habitus. Abbreviations: cd = copulatory duct; co = copulatory opening; fd = fertilization ducts; s = scapus; sp = spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4536980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4536980/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
. Measurements: total length: 1.60; carapace: 0.62 long, 0.56 wide. Carapace uniformly yellowish. Cephalic area distinctly elevated. Chelicera, labium and sternum uniformly yellowish, slightly darker than in the male. Legs yellowish, covered with numerous spines. Tibia, metatarsus and tarsus slightly darker. Leg measurements: I: (1.89) 0.61, 0.24, 0.41, 0.39, 0.24; II: (1.66) 0.53, 0.21, 0.35, 0.34, 0.23; III: (1.06) 0.32, 0.15, 0.18, 0.23, 0.18; IV: (1.43) 0.48, 0.20, 0.28, 0.28, 0.19. Opisthosoma uniformly yellowish, bearing a transverse stripe of silver patches in the middle of the dorsal side, more extended and obvious than in the male. Spinnerets uniformly yellowish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA8922B6757AD63EDB73DDBFCE4F9FC" blockId="4.[151,1437,648,2043]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
|
||
Epigyne and vulva as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C8EAE6757AD63EC843DDBFDC3FA0C" box="[500,570,1440,1466]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1283,1307]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,181,1253]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[151,1436,181,1259]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Theridiosoma triumphale Zhao & Li, 2012:A. epigyne, ventral view; B. epigyne, ventral view after maceration; C. vulva, dorsal view after maceration; D. male habitus; E. female habitus. Abbreviations: cd = copulatory duct; co = copulatory opening; fd = fertilization ducts; s = scapus; sp = spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4536980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4536980/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C. Epigynal plate flat with a short, squared scape protruding from the posterior margin and a pair of lateral pits. Inner epigynal plate with several small marks. Copulatory ducts large, visible through the translucent ventral cuticle. Copulatory ducts connect to the posterior side of the spermathecae. Fertilization ducts narrow, S-shaped. Spermathecae small and subspherical, close to each other and located in the anterior section of the epigyne, over the copulatory ducts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30DC1A06757AD63EDB73E2FFD9DF900" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA8922B6757AD63EDB73E2FFD93F924" blockId="4.[151,1437,648,2043]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9634E396757AD63EDB73E2FFE98F9D8" bold="true" box="[199,353,1620,1646]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from two localities: Hainan Island (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC2C896757AD63EEF53E2FFC4EF9D8" box="[901,951,1620,1646]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality) and Orchid Island (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C8EAE6757AD63E9883E2FFAC5F9D9" box="[1272,1340,1620,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1377,1401]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,237,1354]" captionTargetId="figure-34@9.[151,1436,237,1354]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Map of Orchid Is., red dots show the localities where the species discussed in the text were collected: Brignoliella tao sp. nov. (1, 3̅7); Gongylidioides angustus Tu & Li, 2006 (1̅7); Theridiosoma triumphale Zhao & Li, 2012 (3, 4, 6); Zoma taiwanica (Zhang, Zhu & Tso, 2006) comb. nov. (1̅3, 5̅7)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4536988" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4536988/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). This is the first record of this species for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F300D2BB6757AD63EF603E03FD9FF924" box="[528,614,1656,1682]" name="Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA8922B6757AD63EDB73EE7FD9DF900" blockId="4.[151,1437,648,2043]" box="[199,612,1692,1718]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9634E396757AD63EDB73EE7FED3F900" bold="true" box="[199,298,1692,1718]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Humid rainforest leaf litter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30DC1A06757AD63EDB73EBBFAA6F84D" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA8922B6757AD63EDB73EBBFAA6F84D" blockId="4.[151,1437,648,2043]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9634E396757AD63EDB73EBBFEC2F96C" bold="true" box="[199,315,1728,1754]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17E9A86757AD63EC303EBBFDA5F96C" authorityName="Zhao & Li" authorityYear="2012" box="[320,604,1728,1754]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triumphale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9634E396757AD63EC303EBBFDA5F96C" box="[320,604,1728,1754]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Theridiosoma triumphale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described for the first time by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF86EFDA6757AD63EEAC3EBBFB59F96C" author="Zhao, Q. Y. & Li, S. Q." box="[988,1184,1728,1754]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" pagination="1" refId="ref6403" refString="Zhao, Q. Y. & Li, S. Q. (2012) Eleven new species of theridiosomatid spiders from southern China (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae). ZooKeys, 255, 1 ‾ 48. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 255.3272" type="journal article" year="2012">Zhao & Li (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on a single male specimen from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D35CC96757AD63EC383E9FFE60F948" box="[328,409,1764,1790]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Hainan</collectingRegion>
|
||
Island,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F300D2BB6757AD63EC843E9FFDC2F948" box="[500,571,1764,1790]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Due to the poor condition of the sample, no description of the opisthosoma could be included (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF86EFDA6757AD63EC1A3F73FDE7F894" author="Zhao, Q. Y. & Li, S. Q." box="[362,542,1800,1826]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" pagination="1" refId="ref6403" refString="Zhao, Q. Y. & Li, S. Q. (2012) Eleven new species of theridiosomatid spiders from southern China (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae). ZooKeys, 255, 1 ‾ 48. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 255.3272" type="journal article" year="2012">Zhao & Li 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
p. 39). The female was previously unknown. We had the opportunity to examine high quality photos of the palp of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC2C896757AD63EF343F57FD5FF8F0" box="[580,678,1836,1862]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and failed to identify significant morphological discrepancies with the specimens from Orchid Island. Minor differences can be attributed to intraspecific variation. Based on this assumption we consider the specimens from Orchid Island as belonging to the same species. Thus, we describe the female for the first time, and illustrate the habitus of both sexes. The new records extend the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17E9A86757AD63E8F83FE2FEEBF860" authorityName="Zhao & Li" authorityYear="2012" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triumphale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9634E396757AD63E8F83FE2FEEBF860" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">T. triumphale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF3FCE6757AD63ECB33FC7FDDEF860" box="[451,551,1980,2006]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" unit="km" value="1200.0">1200 km</quantity>
|
||
to the east. Despite extensive collections, only few specimens were found and only in the southern part of the island (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C8EAE6757AD63EF3A3F9BFD77F84D" box="[586,654,2016,2043]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1377,1401]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,237,1354]" captionTargetId="figure-34@9.[151,1436,237,1354]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Map of Orchid Is., red dots show the localities where the species discussed in the text were collected: Brignoliella tao sp. nov. (1, 3̅7); Gongylidioides angustus Tu & Li, 2006 (1̅7); Theridiosoma triumphale Zhao & Li, 2012 (3, 4, 6); Zoma taiwanica (Zhang, Zhu & Tso, 2006) comb. nov. (1̅3, 5̅7)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4536988" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4536988/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C17E9A86757AD63EFD33F9BFC38F84C" authorityName="Zhao & Li" authorityYear="2012" box="[675,961,2016,2042]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triumphale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9634E396757AD63EFD33F9BFC38F84C" box="[675,961,2016,2042]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Theridiosoma triumphale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be widespread, but locally rare.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |