166 lines
19 KiB
XML
166 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="96C2DB44A27108823C7D874E8C20116A" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.171373" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a60a6fa3-f9a3-42ab-8187-077b94d982b0" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="171373" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459720882539" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lourenço, Wilson R., Qi, Jian-Xin & Zhu, Ming-Sheng" docDate="2005" docId="03D76B4EFF9CFFD0FEA8FEBC0EDEF8EB" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00985.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 985" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Heterometrus Ehremberg 1828" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFEE1336FF94FFD8FFA0FFDA0F20FFA8" masterDocTitle="Description of two new species of scorpions from China (Tibet) belonging to the genera Mesobuthus Vachon (Buthidae) and Heterometrus Ehrenberg (Scorpionidae)" masterLastPageNumber="16" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698209349998" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="D5EC2014E4B0AA01EB505BA5B3A79547">Description of two new species of scorpions from China (Tibet) belonging to the genera Mesobuthus Vachon (Buthidae) and Heterometrus Ehrenberg (Scorpionidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="64E137411BB072F63859FD2620D9698C">Lourenço, Wilson R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="15CDF493F199BA483C2A4C8957A58C8D">Qi, Jian-Xin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B231D2BE666ADC89940B7C7A650F29E8">Zhu, Ming-Sheng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="011C94AC7ACDFC0B86CE1F09FED6D518">2005</mods:date>
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<emphasis id="B90A064AFF9CFFD0FEA8FEBC0DC5FE28" bold="true" box="[264,741,358,384]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C7EA1DBFF9CFFD0FEFFFEBC0DC5FE28" ID-CoL="4WJC" authority="Ehremberg, 1828" authorityName="Ehremberg" authorityYear="1828" box="[351,741,358,384]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90A064AFF9CFFD0FEFFFEBC0D25FE28" bold="true" box="[351,517,358,384]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Heterometrus</emphasis>
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Ehremberg, 1828
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC1DA58FF9CFFD0FEA8FE6B0EC3FE62" blockId="8.[264,1324,433,1859]" box="[264,483,433,458]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B90A064AFF9CFFD0FEA8FE6B0EC3FE62" box="[264,483,433,458]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Historical account</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36489D3FF9CFFD0FE98FE030EDEF8EB" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC1DA58FF9CFFD0FE98FE030E4DFD4B" blockId="8.[264,1324,433,1859]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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After the description of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C7EA1DBFF9CFFD0FD6EFE030CD4FE5B" authority="Ehrenberg" authorityName="Ehrenberg" box="[718,1012,473,499]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90A064AFF9CFFD0FD6EFE030C4EFE5A" box="[718,878,473,498]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Heterometrus</emphasis>
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Ehrenberg
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</taxonomicName>
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, several new species were added by other authors. The first attempted revision was proposed by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEFA7A9FF9CFFD0FBF3FDDB0A25FDB3" author="Pocock" box="[1107,1285,513,539]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1900) The scorpions of the genus Heterometrus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) 5, 362 - 365." type="journal article" year="1900">Pocock (1900)</bibRefCitation>
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. In this he defined several primary characters for the identification of the species. More recently,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEFA7A9FF9CFFD0FED5FD8B0D09FDC3" author="Couzijn" box="[373,553,593,619]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" refString="Couzijn, H. W. C. (1981) Revision of the genus Heterometrus Hemprich and Ehrenberg (Scorpionidae, Arachnidea). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 184, 1 - 196." type="journal article" year="1981">Couzijn (1981)</bibRefCitation>
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proposed a complete monographic revision, including results of his dissertation with detailed keys. Next,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEFA7A9FF9CFFD0FD5AFDA30B4AFD3B" author="Tikader" box="[762,1130,633,659]" pageId="8" pageNumber="16" refString="Tikader, B. K. & Bastawade, D. B. (1983) The Fauna of India. Vol. 3. Scorpions (Scorpionida: Arachnida). Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 671 pp." type="book" year="1983">Tikader and Bastawade (1983)</bibRefCitation>
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published redescriptions and keys for the Indian scorpion fauna, and described two new species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7EA1DBFF9CFFD0FB7EFD7B0E46FD4A" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90A064AFF9CFFD0FB7EFD7B0E46FD4A" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Heterometrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC1DA58FF9CFFD0FE98FD2B0D07FABB" blockId="8.[264,1324,433,1859]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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At the beginning of this study we attempted to use the monograph of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEFA7A9FF9CFFD0FBFCFD2B0A2EFCA3" author="Couzijn" box="[1116,1294,753,779]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" refString="Couzijn, H. W. C. (1981) Revision of the genus Heterometrus Hemprich and Ehrenberg (Scorpionidae, Arachnidea). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 184, 1 - 196." type="journal article" year="1981">Couzijn (1981)</bibRefCitation>
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to compare and identify the material from Chinese Tibet. Our analysis lead us to the species
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<taxonomicName id="4C7EA1DBFF9CFFD0FEA8FC9B0CDCFCF3" authority="Couzijn, 1981" authorityName="Couzijn" authorityYear="1981" box="[264,1020,833,859]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fastigiosus" subGenus="Chersonesometrus">
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<emphasis id="B90A064AFF9CFFD0FEA8FC9B0E88FCF2" box="[264,424,833,858]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Heterometrus</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B90A064AFF9CFFD0FE64FC9B0DBEFCF2" box="[452,670,833,858]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chersonesometrus</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B90A064AFF9CFFD0FD1AFC9B0C17FCF2" box="[698,823,833,858]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">fastigiosus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEFA7A9FF9CFFD0FCE9FC9B0CDCFCF3" author="Couzijn" box="[841,1020,833,859]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" refString="Couzijn, H. W. C. (1981) Revision of the genus Heterometrus Hemprich and Ehrenberg (Scorpionidae, Arachnidea). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 184, 1 - 196." type="journal article" year="1981">Couzijn, 1981</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, described from Indian Himalaya, but which was also thought to exist in
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<collectingCountry id="F3699AC8FF9CFFD0FCE9FCB30CB3FC2B" box="[841,915,873,899]" name="Nepal" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nepal</collectingCountry>
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. The male
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<typeStatus id="54C564FAFF9CFFD0FBB2FCB30B59FC2B" box="[1042,1145,873,899]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(SMF II/8886/ 228) and two female
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<typeStatus id="54C564FAFF9CFFD0FDAAFC4B0D5AFC03" box="[522,634,913,939]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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(MNHNRS0123, 0145) of this last species were examined by one of us (WRL) and noticeable differences were observed between it and the new species. We also realized that most characters proposed by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEFA7A9FF9CFFD0FC44FC3B0BBBFC53" author="Couzijn" box="[996,1179,993,1019]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" refString="Couzijn, H. W. C. (1981) Revision of the genus Heterometrus Hemprich and Ehrenberg (Scorpionidae, Arachnidea). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 184, 1 - 196." type="journal article" year="1981">Couzijn (1981)</bibRefCitation>
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were completely inadequate for precise identification. A new revision of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C7EA1DBFF9CFFD0FB2BFBD30A0BFB8A" box="[1163,1323,1033,1058]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90A064AFF9CFFD0FB2BFBD30A0BFB8A" box="[1163,1323,1033,1058]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Heterometrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was published by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEFA7A9FF9CFFD0FE7BFBEB0DB4FBE3" author="Kovarik" box="[475,660,1073,1099]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" refString="Kovarik, F. (2004) A review of the genus Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, with descriptions of seven new species (Scorpiones, Scorpionidae). Euscorpius, 15, 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="2004">Kovařík (2004)</bibRefCitation>
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. Among other taxonomic decisions, this author regarded
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<taxonomicName id="4C7EA1DBFF9CFFD0FEA8FB830EC0FBDA" box="[264,480,1113,1139]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fastigiosus" subGenus="Chersonesometrus">
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<emphasis id="B90A064AFF9CFFD0FEA8FB830E3DFBDA" box="[264,285,1113,1138]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H</emphasis>
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. (
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<emphasis id="B90A064AFF9CFFD0FE96FB830E69FBDA" box="[310,329,1113,1138]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
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.)
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<emphasis id="B90A064AFF9CFFD0FEC3FB830EC0FBDA" box="[355,480,1113,1138]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">fastigiosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a synonymy of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7EA1DBFF9CFFD0FD61FB830BF8FBDB" authority="C.L. Koch, 1841" authorityName="C.L. Koch" authorityYear="1841" box="[705,1240,1113,1139]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
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<emphasis id="B90A064AFF9CFFD0FD61FB830CD4FBDA" box="[705,1012,1113,1138]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Heterometrus bengalensis</emphasis>
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(C.L. Koch, 1841)
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</taxonomicName>
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, a species usually distributed further to the south of
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<collectingCountry id="F3699AC8FF9CFFD0FCC5FB5B0C85FB33" box="[869,933,1153,1179]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">India</collectingCountry>
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. Seven new species were also described. The examination of the male
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<typeStatus id="54C564FAFF9CFFD0FD4DFB730C73FB6B" box="[749,851,1193,1219]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7EA1DBFF9CFFD0FCDFFB730B7AFB6A" box="[895,1114,1193,1219]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fastigiosus" subGenus="Chersonesometrus">
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<emphasis id="B90A064AFF9CFFD0FCDFFB730CB4FB6A" box="[895,916,1193,1218]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H</emphasis>
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. (
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<emphasis id="B90A064AFF9CFFD0FC0FFB730CE2FB6A" box="[943,962,1193,1218]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
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.)
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<emphasis id="B90A064AFF9CFFD0FC7DFB730B7AFB6A" box="[989,1114,1193,1218]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">fastigiosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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revealed that the specimen was in fact a female. Apparently
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEFA7A9FF9CFFD0FCABFB0B0CE1FB43" author="Kovarik" box="[779,961,1233,1259]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" refString="Kovarik, F. (2004) A review of the genus Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, with descriptions of seven new species (Scorpiones, Scorpionidae). Euscorpius, 15, 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="2004">Kovařík (2004)</bibRefCitation>
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was not aware of this mistake done by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEFA7A9FF9CFFD0FECDFB230D03FABB" author="Couzijn" box="[365,547,1273,1299]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" refString="Couzijn, H. W. C. (1981) Revision of the genus Heterometrus Hemprich and Ehrenberg (Scorpionidae, Arachnidea). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 184, 1 - 196." type="journal article" year="1981">Couzijn (1981)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC1DA58FF9CFFD0FE98FAFB0EFFF9FB" blockId="8.[264,1324,433,1859]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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We agree with Kovařík’s (2004) opinion of the usefulness of the characters selected by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEFA7A9FF9CFFD0FEA8FA930EE0FACB" author="Couzijn" box="[264,448,1353,1379]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" refString="Couzijn, H. W. C. (1981) Revision of the genus Heterometrus Hemprich and Ehrenberg (Scorpionidae, Arachnidea). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 184, 1 - 196." type="journal article" year="1981">Couzijn (1981)</bibRefCitation>
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to define the species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7EA1DBFF9CFFD0FD5BFA930CBBFACA" box="[763,923,1353,1378]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90A064AFF9CFFD0FD5BFA930CBBFACA" box="[763,923,1353,1378]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Heterometrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Moreover Kovařík’ decision to place the different subgenera of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7EA1DBFF9CFFD0FD21FAAB0C01FA22" box="[641,801,1393,1418]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90A064AFF9CFFD0FD21FAAB0C01FA22" box="[641,801,1393,1418]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Heterometrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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within a single nominal genus seems to be a step in the right direction. However, the rest of Kovařík’ (2004) revision and his attempt to define the taxonomic status of the various species, especially the new ones, lacks clarity. New species are either poorly illustrated or not even illustrated, and only large color photographs of the dorsal aspect are provided. These, however, are of little use in absence of detailed drawings.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC1DA58FF9CFFD0FE98F9BB0EDEF8EB" blockId="8.[264,1324,433,1859]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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We went through Kovařík’ (2004) monograph and attempted to compare our material with
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<taxonomicName id="4C7EA1DBFF9CFFD0FEE5F9530C03F90B" authority="Kovarik, 2004" authorityName="Kovarik" authorityYear="2004" box="[325,803,1673,1699]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nepalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A064AFF9CFFD0FEE5F9530D4BF90A" box="[325,619,1673,1698]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Heterometrus nepalensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFA7A9FF9CFFD0FDD4F9530C03F90B" author="Kovarik" box="[628,803,1673,1699]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" refString="Kovarik, F. (2004) A review of the genus Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, with descriptions of seven new species (Scorpiones, Scorpionidae). Euscorpius, 15, 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="2004">Kovařík, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the first species to be found and described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3699AC8FF9CFFD0FEE9F96B0EB3F963" box="[329,403,1713,1739]" name="Nepal" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C564FAFF9CFFD0FDB5F96B0D5FF963" box="[533,639,1713,1739]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, deposited in his personal collection was not available for examination, but comparative analysis of the original description, based mainly on color patterns and morphometric measurements, leads us to the conclusion that two different species are involved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |