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<mods:title id="53079CEC905DE9BA0ABE7099C12B3FF7">A catalog of Nemestrinidae (Diptera: Brachycera: Nemestrinoidea) from Chile</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="820C31027B2ABB75A333CF7DFA8FF3B8">Elgueta, Mario</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A28EB3F0AFEB09C3A6FFBAB57FBAF752">Carvacho, Camila</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="89957425D36E76977DD9CE18FD258865">Moscas Florícolas de Chile Citizen Science Program, Patricio Lynch 940, Valdivia, Chile. &amp; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Av. Fuschlöcher 1305, Osorno, Chile. rbarahona 13 @ gmail. com https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1509 - 2935</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="D0F78187CB26FFAFE9B74D2FFCA2A037" bold="true" box="[151,876,1577,1604]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB26FFAFE9B74D2FFCA2A037" ID-CoL="92XN8" authority="(Bigot, 1857)" baseAuthorityName="Bigot" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[151,876,1577,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Trichophthalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbarossa" subGenus="Eurygastromyia">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB26FFAFE9B74D2FFCA2A037" bold="true" box="[151,876,1577,1604]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB26FFAFE9B74D2FFE95A030" bold="true" box="[151,347,1577,1604]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Trichophthalma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB26FFAFE84C4D2FFDE0A037" bold="true" box="[364,558,1577,1603]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Eurygastromyia</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB26FFAFEB1F4D2FFD0BA030" bold="true" box="[575,709,1577,1604]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">barbarossa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB26FFAFEBF54D2FFCAAA037" author="Bigot, J. M. F." box="[725,868,1577,1603]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" pagination="277 - 308" refId="ref21986" refString="Bigot, J. M. F. (1857) Dipteres nouveaux provenant du Chili. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Serie 3, 5, 277 - 308, 2 pls." type="journal article" year="1857">Bigot, 1857</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="8BBF36EBCB26FFAFE9B74D4BFEE0A01C" blockId="23.[151,876,1577,1640]" box="[151,302,1613,1640]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
(
<figureCitation id="133B2A6ECB26FFAFE9BF4D4BFEE8A01C" box="[159,294,1613,1640]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–52" captionStartId="23.[152,270,1399,1423]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,417,1375]" captionTargetId="figure-123@23.[156,1432,417,1375]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 49–52. Trichophthalma barbarossa Bigot, 1857: (49) feed on Francoa appendiculata A. Juss. ex Cav. (photo by Claudio Maureira) and (50) (photo by Fanny Araya) Trichophthalma commutata (Philippi, 1865): (51) feed on F. appendiculata (photo by Fanny Araya) and (52) resting in a wheel (photo by Pía Fernández)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10150152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10150152/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Figs. 49–50</figureCitation>
)
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA110FACB26FFAFE9B74D94FDBAA0DE" author="Bigot, J. M. F." box="[151,628,1681,1706]" page="282" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" year="1857">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB26FFAFE9B74D94FDBAA0DE" authority="Bigot, 1857: 281 - 282" authorityName="Bigot" authorityPageNumber="281 - 282" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,628,1681,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Hirmoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbarossa">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB26FFAFE9B74D94FE43A0DE" box="[151,397,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Hirmoneura barbarossa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB26FFAFE8B44D94FDBAA0DE" author="Bigot, J. M. F." box="[404,628,1681,1706]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" pagination="277 - 308" refId="ref21986" refString="Bigot, J. M. F. (1857) Dipteres nouveaux provenant du Chili. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Serie 3, 5, 277 - 308, 2 pls." type="journal article" year="1857">Bigot, 1857: 281–282</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="8BBF36EBCB26FFAFE9B74DB6FDA6A093" blockId="23.[151,1437,1681,1890]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<treatmentCitation id="0AA110FACB26FFAFE9B74DB6FD9DA0BC" author="Rondani, C." box="[151,595,1712,1736]" page="52" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" year="1863">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB26FFAFE9B74DB6FD9DA0BC" authority="Rondani, 1863: 52" authorityName="Rondani" authorityPageNumber="52" authorityYear="1863" box="[151,595,1712,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Thrieophthalma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zonalis">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB26FFAFE9B74DB6FE44A0BC" box="[151,394,1712,1736]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Thrieophthalma zonalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB26FFAFE8B24DB6FD9DA0BC" author="Rondani, C." box="[402,595,1712,1736]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refId="ref25014" refString="Rondani, C. (1863) Diptera exotica revista et annotata. Novis nonnullis descriptis. Eredi Soliani, Modena, 99 pp., 1 pl." type="book" year="1863">Rondani, 1863: 52</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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. 
<typeStatus id="54BB8849CB26FFAFEB7E4DB6FD7BA0BC" box="[606,693,1712,1736]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
: Female (MCCC). Type-locality: “ 
<collectingCountry id="F317767BCB26FFAFED394DB6FB98A0BC" box="[1049,1110,1712,1736]" name="Chile" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Chile</collectingCountry>
”. Refs. 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA110FACB26FFAFED874DB7FAACA0BC" author="Hunter, W. D." box="[1191,1378,1712,1736]" page="150" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" year="1901">
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB26FFAFED874DB7FAACA0BC" author="Hunter, W. D." box="[1191,1378,1712,1736]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" pagination="121 - 155" refId="ref23386" refString="Hunter, W. D. (1901) A catalog of the Diptera of South America. Part II. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 27, 121 - 155." type="journal article" year="1901">Hunter, 1901: 150</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(cat., 
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB26FFAFE9E74DC9FE92A093" box="[199,348,1743,1767]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Trichopthalma</emphasis>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB26FFAFE8524DC9FDEBA093" author="Kertesz, C." box="[370,549,1743,1767]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" pagination="22 - 32" refId="ref23529" refString="Kertesz, C. (1909) n. k. In: Catalogus dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. IV. Oncodidae, Nemestrinidae, Mydaidae, Asilidae. Museum Nationale Hungaricum, Budapest, pp. 22 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5150" type="book chapter" year="1909">Kertész, 1909: 29</bibRefCitation>
(cat.).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBF36EBCB26FFAFE9B74DE8FE25A115" blockId="23.[151,1437,1681,1890]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB26FFAFE9B74DE8FD5AA171" authority="Jaennicke, 1867: 335" authorityName="Jaennicke" authorityPageNumber="335" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,660,1773,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Hirmoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemestrinoides">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB26FFAFE9B74DE8FE7AA172" box="[151,436,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Hirmoneura nemestrinoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB26FFAFE89B4DE8FD5AA171" author="Jaennicke, F." box="[443,660,1773,1798]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" pagination="311 - 408" refId="ref23470" refString="Jaennicke, F. (1867) Neue exotische Dipteren. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 6, 311 - 408, pls. 43 - 44." type="journal article" year="1867">Jaennicke, 1867: 335</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 43, fig. 6. Type-locality: “ 
<collectingCountry id="F317767BCB26FFAFEAE74DE8FBCAA172" box="[967,1028,1774,1798]" name="Chile" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Chile</collectingCountry>
”. Refs. R̂der, 1882: 511; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB26FFAFEC304DE8FA53A172" author="Hunter, W. D." box="[1296,1437,1774,1798]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" pagination="121 - 155" refId="ref23386" refString="Hunter, W. D. (1901) A catalog of the Diptera of South America. Part II. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 27, 121 - 155." type="journal article" year="1901">Hunter, 1901:</bibRefCitation>
150 (cat., 
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB26FFAFE80C4C0AFE0FA150" box="[300,449,1804,1828]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Trichopthalma</emphasis>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB26FFAFE8F74C0AFD45A150" author="Kertesz, C." box="[471,651,1804,1828]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" pagination="22 - 32" refId="ref23529" refString="Kertesz, C. (1909) n. k. In: Catalogus dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. IV. Oncodidae, Nemestrinidae, Mydaidae, Asilidae. Museum Nationale Hungaricum, Budapest, pp. 22 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5150" type="book chapter" year="1909">Kertész, 1909: 28</bibRefCitation>
(cat.). 
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB26FFAFE9B74C2AFF3BA137" box="[151,245,1836,1859]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">vicarians</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB26FFAFE9DC4C2DFE72A137" author="Schiner, J. R." box="[252,444,1835,1859]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refId="ref25166" refString="Schiner, J. R. (1868) Diptera. In: Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. Von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band. 1. Abtheilung. B. K. Gerold's Sohn, Wien [Vienna], 388 pp." type="book" year="1868">Schiner, 1868: 111</bibRefCitation>
. Type-locality: “ 
<collectingCountry id="F317767BCB26FFAFEB434C2DFD6EA137" box="[611,672,1835,1859]" name="Chile" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Chile</collectingCountry>
”. Ref. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB26FFAFEBC54C2DFC45A137" author="Reed, E. C." box="[741,907,1835,1859]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" pagination="271 - 316" refId="ref24883" refString="Reed, E. C. (1888) Catalogo de los insectos dipteros de Chile. Anales de la Universidad de Chile, 73, 271 - 316. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8562" type="journal article" year="1888">Reed, 1888: 290</bibRefCitation>
(cat.). 
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB26FFAFE9B74C4CFF27A115" box="[151,233,1866,1889]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">vicarius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB26FFAFE9CF4C4CFE67A115" author="Hunter, W. D." box="[239,425,1865,1890]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" pagination="121 - 155" refId="ref23386" refString="Hunter, W. D. (1901) A catalog of the Diptera of South America. Part II. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 27, 121 - 155." type="journal article" year="1901">Hunter, 1901: 150</bibRefCitation>
, error.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB26FFAFE9B74C96FEC5A1DE" bold="true" box="[151,267,1936,1962]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<typeStatus id="54BB8849CB26FFAFE9B74C96FEC8A1DE" box="[151,262,1936,1962]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Lost. 
<materialsCitation id="3B683CB6CB26FFAFE8724C96FC7AA1DE" box="[338,948,1936,1962]" collectionCode="MCCC" country="Chile" location="Osorno" municipality="Puerto Octay" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="neotype">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB26FFAFE8724C96FE75A1DE" bold="true" box="[338,443,1936,1962]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<typeStatus id="54BB8849CB26FFAFE8724C96FE78A1DE" box="[338,438,1936,1962]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Male (
<collectionCode id="ED11AE2ECB26FFAFEB2A4C96FDAFA1DE" box="[522,609,1936,1962]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2cq3-0evh" name="Marine Culture Collection of China" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">MCCC</collectionCode>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F317767BCB26FFAFEB544C96FD7DA1DE" box="[628,691,1936,1962]" name="Chile" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Chile</collectingCountry>
, 
<location id="8EDF6030CB26FFAFEB9F4C96FCDAA1DE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A987FDCB26FFA0E9B74D2FFF04A529:8EDF6030CB26FFAFEB9F4C96FCDAA1DE" box="[703,788,1936,1962]" country="Chile" municipality="Puerto Octay" name="Osorno" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Osorno</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDBAC91CB26FFAFEA3F4C96FC7AA1DE" box="[799,948,1936,1962]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Puerto Octay</collectingMunicipality>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A6560CB26FFA0E9E74CB5FD5AA46D" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="175" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBF36EBCB26FFA0E9E74CB5FD5AA46D" blockId="23.[151,1437,1936,2034]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1437,151,861]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="175" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB26FFAFE9E74CB5FE61A1B9" bold="true" box="[199,431,1971,1997]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
Distribution. 
<collectingCountry id="F317767BCB26FFAFE8494CB5FE65A1B9" box="[361,427,1971,1997]" name="Chile" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Chile</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB26FFAFE8984CB2FD60A1BA" box="[440,686,1972,1998]" country="Chile" name="Coquimbo" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Región de Coquimbo</collectingRegion>
: Elqui Province (El Toro, El Trozo). 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB26FFAFED724CB2FA86A1BA" box="[1106,1352,1972,1998]" country="Chile" name="Valparaiso" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Región de Valparaíso</collectingRegion>
: Marga Marga Province (Colliguay, NP La Campana), Quillota Province (Cuesta El Melón, Nogales), 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB26FFAFED9B4CDEFA53A186" box="[1211,1437,2008,2034]" country="Chile" name="Valparaiso" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Valparaíso Province</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB29FFA0E9BF4B91FED2A6C5" box="[159,284,151,177]" country="Chile" name="Valparaiso" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Valparaíso</collectingRegion>
). 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB29FFA0E80E4B91FD7BA6C5" box="[302,693,151,177]" country="Chile" name="Region Metropolitana" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Región Metropolitana de Santiago</collectingRegion>
: Chacabuco Province (Caleu), Cordillera Province (El Alfalfal, El Canelo, La Obra), 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB29FFA0E84B4BBDFDF7A6A1" box="[363,569,187,213]" country="Chile" name="Region Metropolitana" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Santiago Province</collectingRegion>
(Las Condes, Peñalolén, Quebrada de Macul, Rinconada de Maipú). 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB29FFA0EC6B4BBDFEFAA68D" country="Chile" name="Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Región de O’Higgins</collectingRegion>
: Cachapoal Province (Termas de Cauquenes). 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB29FFA0EA1B4BD9FBC6A68D" box="[827,1032,223,249]" country="Chile" name="Maule" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Región del Maule</collectingRegion>
: Curicó Province (
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB29FFA0EDF74BD9FAD7A68D" box="[1239,1305,223,249]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Costa</collectingRegion>
Vergara, El Peñon), Talca Province (Bramadero, Constitución, Río Lontué), Linares Province (Linares, Villalobos). Región de Ñuble: Itata Province (Cobquecura), Diguillín Province (Las Trancas). 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB29FFA0EAE64A21FB53A735" box="[966,1181,295,321]" country="Chile" name="Biobio" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Región del Biobío</collectingRegion>
: Concepción Province (Cerro Carriel, Concepción, Desembocadura, Hualpén, Parque Botánico Hualpén, Penco, Rocoto), 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB29FFA0EDC14A4DFA53A711" box="[1249,1437,331,357]" country="Chile" name="Araucania" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Arauco Province</collectingRegion>
(Cabrerio, Caramávida, Contulmo, NP Nahuelbuta) 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB29FFA0EBC74A69FC51A7FD" box="[743,927,367,393]" country="Chile" name="Biobio" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Biobío Province</collectingRegion>
(Mulchén). 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB29FFA0ED0D4A69FA88A7FD" box="[1069,1350,367,393]" country="Chile" name="Araucania" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Región de La Araucanía</collectingRegion>
: Cautín Province (Cautín, Cherquenco, Cholchol, Panguipulli, Termas Palguin, Termas Río Blanco), Malleco Province (NP Nahuelbuta, Río Blanco). 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB29FFA0E8984AB1FD59A7A5" box="[440,663,439,465]" country="Chile" name="Los Rios" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Región de Los Ríos</collectingRegion>
: Valdivia Province (Valdivia). 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB29FFA0EAC84AB1FB16A7A5" box="[1000,1240,439,465]" country="Chile" name="Los Lagos" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Región de Los Lagos</collectingRegion>
: Osorno Province (Pucatrihue, Puerto Octay, Puyehue, Rofuco), Llanquihue Province (Petrohué, Puerto Montt), Palena Province (Aulén), Chiloé Province (Guabún) (
<figureCitation id="133B2A6ECB29FFA0EB134AF9FD48A46D" box="[563,646,510,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="24.[152,255,1893,1917]" captionTargetBox="[159,1432,890,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-296@24.[151,1436,885,1870]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 53. Distribution map of Trichophthalma amaena Bigot, 1881 (green circles), Trichophthalma andina (Philippi, 1862) (Philippi, 1865) (red circles), Trichophthalma barbarossa Bigot, 1857 (orange circles), and Trichophthalma commutata (Philippi, 1865) (yellow circles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10150154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10150154/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A6560CB29FFA0E9E74924FAB9A561" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBF36EBCB29FFA0E9E74924FAB9A561" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB29FFA0E9E74924FE9EA448" bold="true" box="[199,336,546,572]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">References.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB29FFA0E87A4925FDF9A449" author="Philippi, R. A." box="[346,567,546,573]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="595 - 782" refId="ref24607" refString="Philippi, R. A. (1865) Aufzahlung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandlungen der K. - k. Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 15, 595 - 782. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9295" type="journal article" year="1865">Philippi, 1865: 655</bibRefCitation>
(com., 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB29FFA0EBB14925FCEEA448" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1865" box="[657,800,547,572]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Hermoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB29FFA0EBB14925FCEEA448" box="[657,800,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Hermoneura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB29FFA0EA1B4925FBDAA449" author="Schiner, J. R." box="[827,1044,547,573]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" refId="ref25166" refString="Schiner, J. R. (1868) Diptera. In: Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. Von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band. 1. Abtheilung. B. K. Gerold's Sohn, Wien [Vienna], 388 pp." type="book" year="1868">Schiner, 1868: 107</bibRefCitation>
(
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB29FFA0ED074925FB02A449" box="[1063,1228,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Trichopthalma</emphasis>
; n. comb.); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB29FFA0EC7C4925FEC6A415" author="Reed, E. C." pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="271 - 316" refId="ref24883" refString="Reed, E. C. (1888) Catalogo de los insectos dipteros de Chile. Anales de la Universidad de Chile, 73, 271 - 316. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8562" type="journal article" year="1888">Reed, 1888: 289</bibRefCitation>
(cat., 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB29FFA0E86E4941FE16A414" ID-CoL="4XHK" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1820" box="[334,472,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Hirmoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB29FFA0E86E4941FE16A414" box="[334,472,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Hirmoneura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB29FFA0E8D04941FD75A415" author="Hunter, W. D." box="[496,699,582,609]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="121 - 155" refId="ref23386" refString="Hunter, W. D. (1901) A catalog of the Diptera of South America. Part II. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 27, 121 - 155." type="journal article" year="1901">Hunter, 1901: 150</bibRefCitation>
(cat., 
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB29FFA0EA214941FC68A415" box="[769,934,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Trichopthalma</emphasis>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB29FFA0EA9E4941FB4AA415" author="Kertesz, C." box="[958,1156,583,609]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="22 - 32" refId="ref23529" refString="Kertesz, C. (1909) n. k. In: Catalogus dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. IV. Oncodidae, Nemestrinidae, Mydaidae, Asilidae. Museum Nationale Hungaricum, Budapest, pp. 22 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5150" type="book chapter" year="1909">Kertész, 1909: 27</bibRefCitation>
(cat.); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB29FFA0EDF44941FF0FA4F1" author="Lichtwardt, B." pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="589 - 624" refId="ref23857" refString="Lichtwardt, B. (1910) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Nemestriniden (Dipt.). Teil V. Uber amerikanischeArten. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1910, 589 - 624, 5 figs. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 4801910601" type="journal article" year="1910">Lichtwardt, 1910: 603</bibRefCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB29FFA0E9F3496DFE48A4F0" authorityName="Lichtwardt" authorityYear="1910" box="[211,390,619,644]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Eurygastromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB29FFA0E9F3496DFE48A4F0" box="[211,390,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Eurygastromyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB29FFA0E880496DFD53A4F1" author="Lichtwardt, B." box="[416,669,619,645]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="274 - 278" refId="ref23905" refString="Lichtwardt, B. (1919) Die Nemestriniden des Ungarischen National Museums in Budapest. Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 17, 274 - 278." type="journal article" year="1919">Lichtwardt, 1919: 278</bibRefCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB29FFA0EB8F496DFCACA4F0" authorityName="Lichtwardt" authorityYear="1910" box="[687,866,619,644]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Eurygastromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB29FFA0EB8F496DFCACA4F0" box="[687,866,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Eurygastromyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB29FFA0EA5C496DFBAEA4F1" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[892,1120,619,645]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="162 - 197" refId="ref22623" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1930) Bombyliiidae, Nemestrinidae and Cyrtidae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile based mainly on material in the British Museum (Natural History). Part 5. Fascicle 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 162 - 197." type="book chapter" year="1930">Edwards, 1930: 186</bibRefCitation>
(com.); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB29FFA0EDE3496DFA52A4F1" author="Bequaert, J." box="[1219,1436,619,645]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="13 - 33" refId="ref21692" refString="Bequaert, J. (1932) The Nemestrinidae (Diptera) in the V. v. R ˆ der Collection. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 100, 13 - 33, 2 figs." type="journal article" year="1932">Bequaert, 1932: 31</bibRefCitation>
(com.); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB29FFA0E9D44989FDD9A4DD" author="Stuardo, C." box="[244,535,655,681]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="214 - 248" refId="ref25678" refString="Stuardo, C. (1934 b) Sinopsis de los nemestrinidos chilenos del genero Trichophthalma Westwood (Diptera). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 38, 214 - 248, 1 fig., 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1934">Stuardo, 1934b: 221–224</bibRefCitation>
(biol., dist.), pl. 7, fig. 1; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB29FFA0EA734989FBEDA4DD" author="Stuardo, C." box="[851,1059,655,681]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="77 - 94" refId="ref25751" refString="Stuardo, C. (1939) Algunas anotaciones sobre los &quot; Nemestrinidae &quot; (Diptera) de la Republica Argentina. Physis, Buenos Aires, 17, 77 - 94." type="journal article" year="1939">Stuardo, 1939: 91</bibRefCitation>
(com.); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB29FFA0EDAA4989FA97A4DD" author="Stuardo, C." box="[1162,1369,655,681]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" refId="ref25784" refString="Stuardo, C. (1946) Cata´logo de los di´pteros de Chile. Ministerio de Agricultura, Impresiones Universitaria, Santiago, Chile, 250 pp." type="book" year="1946">Stuardo, 1946: 97</bibRefCitation>
(cat., [
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB29FFA0E98149B5FDE8A4B9" ID-CoL="89SBS" box="[161,550,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Trichophthalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Eurygastromyia">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB29FFA0E98149B5FE9AA4B9" box="[161,340,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Trichophthalma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB29FFA0E84849B5FDD5A4B8" box="[360,539,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Eurygastromyia</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
]); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB29FFA0EB6A49B5FCD3A4B9" author="Papavero, N." box="[586,797,691,717]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref24447" refString="Papavero, N. (1968) 36. Family Nemestrinidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de S &quot; o Paulo, S &quot; o Paulo, pp. 1 - 12." type="book chapter" year="1968">Papavero, 1968: 4</bibRefCitation>
(cat.); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB29FFA0EA5349B5FB8EA4B9" author="Angulo, A. O." box="[883,1088,690,717]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref21464" refString="Angulo, A. O. (1971) Los nemestrinidos de Chile (Diptera: Nemestrinidae). Gayana, Zoologia, Concepcion, 19, 1 - 164, 162 figs." type="journal article" year="1971">Angulo, 1971: 45</bibRefCitation>
(in key), 104–109 (neo. des., redes., figs. 82 (sper.), 84 (male ter.), 85 (aede.), 140 (dist.); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB29FFA0EA1C49D1FBD3A485" author="Bernardi, N." box="[828,1053,726,753]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="211 - 318" refId="ref21760" refString="Bernardi, N. (1973) The genera of the family Nemestrinidae (Diptera: Brachycera). Arquivos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 24 (4), 211 - 318, 76 figs. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2176 - 7793. v 24 i 4 p 211 - 318" type="journal article" year="1973">Bernardi, 1973: 250</bibRefCitation>
(list); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB29FFA0ED4849D1FF0FA561" author="Cekalovic, T. &amp; Artigas, J. N." pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="233 - 246" refId="ref22278" refString="Cekalovic, T. &amp; Artigas, J. N. (1974) Catalogo de los tipos de Insecta depositados en la coleccion del Departamento de Zoologia de la Universidad de Concepcion (INCO): parte II. (enero, 1969 a enero, 1974). Boletin de la Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion, 47, 233 - 246." type="journal article" year="1974">
Cekalovic &amp; 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB29FFA0EDDC49D1FA9FA485" box="[1276,1361,727,753]" country="Uruguay" name="Artigas" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Artigas</collectingRegion>
, 1974: 242
</bibRefCitation>
(cat.); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB29FFA0E83049FDFE08A561" author="Angulo, A. O." box="[272,454,763,789]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="7 - 11" refId="ref21553" refString="Angulo, A. O. (1987) Algunos alcances filogeneticos a los Nemestrinidos de Chile (Diptera, Nemestrindae). Boletin de la Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion, 58, 7 - 11." type="journal article" year="1987">Angulo, 1987: 9</bibRefCitation>
(list); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB29FFA0EB3149FDFC49A561" author="Gonzalez, C. R. &amp; Coscaron, S." box="[529,903,762,789]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="352 - 368" refId="ref23014" refString="Gonzalez, C. R. &amp; Coscaron, S. (2005) Diversidad de dipteros en la Cordillera de la Costa de Chile. In: Smith-Ramirez, C., Armesto, J. J. &amp; Valdovinos, C. (Eds.), Historia, biodiversidad y ecologia de los bosques costeros de Chile. Editorial Universitaria, Santiago, pp. 352 - 368." type="book chapter" year="2005">González &amp; Coscarón, 2005: 365</bibRefCitation>
(list); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB29FFA0EAF249FDFAE1A561" author="Papavero, N. &amp; Bernardi, N." box="[978,1327,763,789]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref24506" refString="Papavero, N. &amp; Bernardi, N. (2009 a) Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera. Nemestrinidae. Neotropical Diptera, 7, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2009">Papavero &amp; Bernardi, 2009a: 8</bibRefCitation>
(cat.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A6560CB29FFA0E9E74818FF04A529" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BBF36EBCB29FFA0E9E74818FF04A529" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB29FFA0E9E74818FEE9A54C" bold="true" box="[199,295,798,824]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Biology.</emphasis>
This species has been observed visiting 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB29FFA0EBC94819FBB1A54D" authority="Juss ex Cav." authorityName="Cav." box="[745,1151,799,825]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Francoaceae" genus="Francoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB29FFA0EBC94819FC3EA54D" box="[745,1008,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Francoa appendiculata</emphasis>
Juss ex Cav.
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB29FFA0ED944819FF04A529" authority="Cav." authorityName="Cav." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cunoniaceae" genus="Eucryphia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordifolia">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB29FFA0ED944819FA52A54D" box="[1204,1436,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Eucryphia cordifolia</emphasis>
Cav.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>