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<document id="4AC72C2741F7FD7FBE2DD0F90754810D" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.2430.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5314908" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629671210484" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kotov, Alexey A., Sinev, Artem Y. &amp; Berrios, Viviana Lorena" docDate="2010" docId="03A987D7FFEE3F1A90D9F9E03AE6FCF9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02430p066.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2430 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2430.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Macrothrix atahualpa Brehm 1936" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FF90FFAFFFFF3F0D904EFFBF3B41FFF3" masterDocTitle="The Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of six high altitude water bodies in the North Chilean Andes, with discussion of Andean endemism 2430" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1699093741897" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="84A2E363B757242B821325DE0EB3376B">The Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of six high altitude water bodies in the North Chilean Andes, with discussion of Andean endemism 2430</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1003CF03578AD1279949C15C616D4F7E">Sinev, Artem Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="498CFC10E4AAB3745BDFBD86FA4933BA">Berrios, Viviana Lorena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6C275C2C1637B89A171BDE162E4BF9AB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="A92CA66BE79F8D17023AB6A50A6C59FD">2430</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C31A654AFFEE3F1C90D9F9E03908F98A" box="[151,585,1631,1657]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFEE3F1C90D9F9E03908F98A" blockId="17.[151,585,1631,1692]" box="[151,585,1631,1657]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="D0F781ADFFEE3F1C90D9F9E03908F98A" bold="true" box="[151,585,1631,1657]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFEE3F1C90D9F9E03908F98A" ID-CoL="3XBZ3" authority="Brehm, 1936" authorityName="Brehm" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,585,1631,1657]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Macrothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atahualpa">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFEE3F1C90D9F9E03908F98A" bold="true" box="[151,585,1631,1657]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFEE3F1C90D9F9E03AE2F98A" bold="true" box="[151,419,1631,1657]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Macrothrix atahualpa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFEE3F1C91E4F9E03908F98A" author="Brehm, V." box="[426,585,1631,1657]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="317 - 325" refId="ref33185" refString="Brehm, V. (1936) Mitteilungen von den Forschungsreisen prof. Rahms. Mitteilung VII. Schlussmitteilung uber Cladoceren und Copepoden. - Uber der Formenkreis der Delachauxiella trigonura (Ekman). - Macrothrix atahualpa nov. sp. und Godetella. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 115, 317 - 325." type="journal article" year="1936">Brehm, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A654AFFEE3F1C90D9F93D3A77F96F" box="[151,310,1666,1692]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFEE3F1C90D9F93D3A77F96F" blockId="17.[151,585,1631,1692]" box="[151,310,1666,1692]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
(
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFEE3F1C90D1F93D3A6CF96F" box="[159,301,1666,1692]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 7" captionStart-1="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="19.[151,255,1747,1771]" captionStartId-1="21.[151,255,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1425,159,1730]" captionTargetBox-1="[158,1425,425,1886]" captionTargetId-0="figure-116@19.[151,1436,157,1745]" captionTargetId-1="figure-182@21.[151,1436,394,1891]" captionTargetPageId-0="19" captionTargetPageId-1="21" captionText-0="FIGURE 7. Macrothrix atahualpa, adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A. Lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Valve; D–F. Setae at antero-ventral and postero-ventral portion of valve; G–H. Postabdomen and its basal portion; I–J. Postabdominal claw, outer and inner view; K. Postabdominal seta; L–M. Antenna I in external view and its distal end in inner view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 9. Macrothrix atahualpa, thoracic limbs of adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A–C. Distal portion of limb II and two smallest setae of its inner distal lobe; D. Limb I, anterior view; E–G. Stiff setae on inner portion of limb I; H–I. Limb II and distal armature of its gnathobase, posterior view; J–K. Limb III and its inner portion, posterior view; L. Limb IV, posterior view; M. Limb V, posterior view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314928" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314930" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5314928/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5314930/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figures 7–9</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A654AFFEE3F1C90D9F96D3992F89A" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFEE3F1C90D9F96D3845F91A" blockId="17.[151,1435,1746,1897]" box="[151,772,1746,1769]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1011EFFFEE3F1C90D9F96D3845F91A" box="[151,772,1746,1769]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitation id="0AA110D0FFEE3F1C90D9F96D3925F91A" author="Brehm, V." box="[151,612,1746,1769]" page="323" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1936">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFEE3F1C90D9F96D3925F91A" ID-CoL="3XBZ3" authority="Brehm, 1936, p. 323" authorityName="Brehm" authorityPageNumber="323" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,612,1746,1769]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Macrothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atahualpa">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFEE3F1C90D9F96D3AC3F91A" box="[151,386,1746,1769]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Macrothrix atahualpa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFEE3F1C91C7F96D3957F91A" author="Brehm, V." box="[393,534,1746,1769]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="317 - 325" refId="ref33185" refString="Brehm, V. (1936) Mitteilungen von den Forschungsreisen prof. Rahms. Mitteilung VII. Schlussmitteilung uber Cladoceren und Copepoden. - Uber der Formenkreis der Delachauxiella trigonura (Ekman). - Macrothrix atahualpa nov. sp. und Godetella. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 115, 317 - 325." type="journal article" year="1936">Brehm, 1936</bibRefCitation>
, p. 323
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
–324, figs 5–7.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFEE3F1C90D9F94D3994F8DA" blockId="17.[151,1435,1746,1897]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1011EFFFEE3F1C90D9F94D3994F8DA" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitation id="0AA110D0FFEE3F1C90D9F94D391CF8FA" author="Harding, J. P." box="[151,605,1778,1801]" page="336" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1955">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFEE3F1C90D9F94D391CF8FA" ID-CoL="3XC2G" authority="Harding, 1955, p. 336" authorityName="Harding" authorityPageNumber="336" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,605,1778,1801]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Macrothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palearis">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFEE3F1C90D9F94D3A2DF8FA" box="[151,364,1778,1801]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Macrothrix palearis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFEE3F1C913DF94D394FF8FA" author="Harding, J. P." box="[371,526,1778,1801]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="329 - 354" refId="ref34641" refString="Harding, J. P. (1955) Percy Sladen Trust expedition. XIX. Crustacea: Cladocera. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 1, 329 - 354." type="journal article" year="1955">Harding, 1955</bibRefCitation>
, p. 336
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
–338, figs 24–33;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA110D0FFEE3F1C9352F94D38A3F8FA" author="Ueno, M." box="[796,994,1778,1801]" page="557" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1967">
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFEE3F1C9352F94D38D5F8FA" author="Ueno, M." box="[796,916,1778,1801]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="547 - 586" refId="ref38912" refString="Ueno, M. (1967) Zooplankton of the Lake Titicaca on the Bolivian Side. Hydrobiologia, 29, 547 - 586." type="journal article" year="1967">Uéno 1967</bibRefCitation>
, p. 557
</treatmentCitation>
–558, figs 27–31;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA110D0FFEE3F1C94EFF94D3ED6F8FA" author="Petkovski, T. K." box="[1185,1431,1778,1801]" page="177" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1973">
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFEE3F1C94EFF94D3E08F8FA" author="Petkovski, T. K." box="[1185,1353,1778,1801]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="161 - 192" refId="ref37329" refString="Petkovski, T. K. (1973) Zur Cladoceren-Fauna Australiens. II. Sididae und Macrothricidae. Acta Musei Macedonici scientiarum naturalium, 13, 161 - 192." type="journal article" year="1973">Petkovski 1973</bibRefCitation>
, p. 177
</treatmentCitation>
, 179; Smirnov 1992b, p. 47, 50–51, figs 184–189.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFEE3F1C90D9F88D3EDAF8BA" blockId="17.[151,1435,1746,1897]" box="[151,1435,1842,1865]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1011EFFFEE3F1C90D9F88D3EDAF8BA" box="[151,1435,1842,1865]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFEE3F1C90D9F88D3A8CF8BA" authority="(Harding)" baseAuthorityName="Harding" box="[151,461,1842,1865]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Echinisca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palearis">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFEE3F1C90D9F88D3A1FF8BA" box="[151,350,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Echinisca palearis</emphasis>
(Harding)
</taxonomicName>
in
<treatmentCitation id="0AA110D0FFEE3F1C91A1F88D398BF8BA" author="Smirnov, N. N." box="[495,714,1842,1865]" page="89" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFEE3F1C91A1F88D39CBF8BA" author="Smirnov, N. N." box="[495,650,1842,1865]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 237" refId="ref38485" refString="Smirnov, N. N. (1976) Macrothricidae and Moinidae of the World fauna. Fauna SSSR, novaya seriya. Rakoobraznye, 1 (3), 1 - 237 (In Russian)." type="journal article" year="1976">Smirnov 1976</bibRefCitation>
, p. 89
</treatmentCitation>
–90, figs 114–116;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA110D0FFEE3F1C93D9F88D3E45F8BA" author="Villagra de Gamundi, A." box="[919,1284,1842,1865]" page="309" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFEE3F1C93D9F88D3FF7F8BA" author="Villagra de Gamundi, A." box="[919,1206,1842,1865]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="309 - 316" refId="ref39439" refString="Villagra de Gamundi, A. (1984) Sobre la presencia de un nuevo macrotricido para la fauna Argentina: Echinisca palearis (Harding, 1955) (Crustacea-Cladocera-Macrothricidae). Acta zoologica Lilloana, 37, 309 - 316." type="journal article" year="1984">Villagra de Gamundi 1984</bibRefCitation>
, p. 309
</treatmentCitation>
–313, Pls 1–3.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFEE3F1C90D9F8ED3992F89A" blockId="17.[151,1435,1746,1897]" box="[151,723,1874,1897]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1011EFFFEE3F1C90D9F8ED3992F89A" box="[151,723,1874,1897]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFEE3F1C90D9F8ED3AA2F89A" ID-CoL="3XBZ3" authority="(Brehm)" baseAuthorityName="Brehm" box="[151,483,1874,1897]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Macrothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atahualpa">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFEE3F1C90D9F8ED3AC3F89A" box="[151,386,1874,1897]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Macrothrix atahualpa</emphasis>
(Brehm)
</taxonomicName>
in
<treatmentCitation id="0AA110D0FFEE3F1C924BF8ED398EF89A" author="Paggi, J. C." box="[517,719,1874,1897]" page="111" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFEE3F1C924BF8ED39C1F89A" author="Paggi, J. C." box="[517,640,1874,1897]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="107 - 113" refId="ref37086" refString="Paggi, J. C. (1993) Analisis preliminar de la distribucion geografica de los cladoceros sudamericanos. In: Boltovskoy, A. &amp; Lopez, H. L. (Eds), Conferencias de Limnologia. Instituto de Limnologia &quot; Dr. R. A. Ringuelet &quot;, La Plata. pp. 107 - 113." type="book chapter" year="1993">Paggi 1993</bibRefCitation>
, p. 111
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A654AFFEE3F1C90D9F82D3808F85F" box="[151,841,1938,1964]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFEE3F1C90D9F82D3808F85F" blockId="17.[151,841,1938,1964]" box="[151,841,1938,1964]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFEE3F1C90D9F82D3AEDF85F" bold="true" box="[151,428,1938,1964]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Material studied here.</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D06FD48FFEE3F1C91FDF82D3973F85F" box="[435,562,1938,1964]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">21 females</specimenCount>
from localities 1 and 3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A654AFFED3F1F9088FF283AC2FBD1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFED3F1F9088FF283AB1FCC1" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFED3F1F9088FF283A07FF42" bold="true" box="[198,326,151,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Parthenogenetic female. Body subovoid in lateral view, dorsal margin without cervical depression; postero-dorsal angle a rounded triangle, located on level of longitudinal body axis. Head ventral margin slightly convex, without ridges. Ocellus very small. Abdomen with a low, robust dorsal process. Dorsal margin of postabdomen distinctly bilobed; preanal margin long, regularly convex, with short transversal series of setules, they became to be shorter basally and fully absent in basalmost part. Reticulation on sides of postabdomen absent. Postabdominal claw regularly bent dorsally, with pointed tip, an external row of 7–10 thin setules in distal half of claw. Postabdominal seta approximately as long as postabdomen, with relatively long distal segment, bilaterally armed with long setules. Antenna I not widened distally, with a low subapical external angulation; sensory seta externally at distance of about 1.5 antennular diameters (at base) from antenna I joint, about 7–8 transverse rows of robust spinules on its inner face, fine spinules at distal end. Lateral seta on proximal endopod segment of antenna II with a series of robust denticles in middle. Limb I without accessory seta; inner distal lobe with three bisegmented setae of different size, largest seta with fine setules, while two other setae armed with strong spinules. A single ejector hook; a fully setulated maxillar process on limb base. A soft seta near scraper 4 on limb II. Exopodite of limb III with small three distal and sole lateral setae; basal endite with only three anterior setae and three posterior setae. Limb IV with exopodite small, bearing only two distal setae of different size; inner distal limb portion with row of only four long, soft setae. Limb V with large, tri-lobed pre-epipodite.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFED3F1F9088FCFF3942FC09" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Ephippium with
<specimenCount id="9D06FD48FFED3F1F91D7FCFF394BFCA9" box="[409,522,832,858]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="egg">two eggs</specimenCount>
, very dark, with sculpture as a coarse reticulation; dorsal margin almost straight. Adult male poorly described. It is smaller than female, compound eye large, postabdomen in general similar with that in female. Antenna I with two large sensory setae, additional male seta located on special pedestal located somewhat basally than half of antenna I length; difference in size of longest and shorter aesthetascs greater than in female.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFED3F1F90D9FBB73AC2FBD1" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2018]" box="[151,387,1032,1058]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Size up to
<quantity id="4CF89B24FFED3F1F915DFBB73A3EFBD1" box="[275,383,1032,1058]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="1.15">1.15 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A654AFFED3F1B9088FB903865FAE1" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFED3F1F9088FB90381CF9A1" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFED3F1F9088FB903850FBBA" bold="true" box="[198,785,1071,1097]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Redescription of adult parthenogenetic female.</emphasis>
Body subovoid in lateral view, maximum height in the middle, height/length = about 0.6, dorsal margin regularly arched from tip of rostrum to posteriormost point, without a cervical depression, carapace not elevated above dorsal margin of head (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFED3F1F9435FB3F3F9AFB69" box="[1147,1243,1152,1178]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1747,1771]" captionTargetBox="[159,1425,159,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-116@19.[151,1436,157,1745]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Macrothrix atahualpa, adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A. Lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Valve; D–F. Setae at antero-ventral and postero-ventral portion of valve; G–H. Postabdomen and its basal portion; I–J. Postabdominal claw, outer and inner view; K. Postabdominal seta; L–M. Antenna I in external view and its distal end in inner view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314928/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). Postero-dorsal angle a rounded triangle, located on level of longitudinal body axis. No particular structures on valves or head. Body moderately compressed laterally. Head large; in lateral view, its dorsal margin evenly convex, no dome above eye; ventral margin slightly convex, without ridges, no projection at base of labrum (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFED3F1F94F0FB473E58FAE1" box="[1214,1305,1272,1298]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1747,1771]" captionTargetBox="[159,1425,159,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-116@19.[151,1436,157,1745]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Macrothrix atahualpa, adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A. Lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Valve; D–F. Setae at antero-ventral and postero-ventral portion of valve; G–H. Postabdomen and its basal portion; I–J. Postabdominal claw, outer and inner view; K. Postabdominal seta; L–M. Antenna I in external view and its distal end in inner view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314928/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
). A special fold runs from mandibular joint anteriorly, it corresponds to a poorly expressed fornix. Compound eye relatively small, ocellus very small (about 1/3–1/4 of eye diameter), located near tip of rostrum. &quot;Dorsal head pore&quot; (dorsal organ) relatively small, ovoid. Labrum large, triangular, with a amall, setulated distal plate. Valve surface with fine reticulation (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFED3F1F9202FA2739EAFA41" box="[588,683,1432,1458]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1747,1771]" captionTargetBox="[159,1425,159,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-116@19.[151,1436,157,1745]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Macrothrix atahualpa, adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A. Lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Valve; D–F. Setae at antero-ventral and postero-ventral portion of valve; G–H. Postabdomen and its basal portion; I–J. Postabdominal claw, outer and inner view; K. Postabdominal seta; L–M. Antenna I in external view and its distal end in inner view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314928/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
). Dorsal margin without serration, ventral margin denticulated. Marginal setae (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFED3F1F9119FA7F3A9EFA29" box="[343,479,1472,1498]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1747,1771]" captionTargetBox="[159,1425,159,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-116@19.[151,1436,157,1745]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Macrothrix atahualpa, adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A. Lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Valve; D–F. Setae at antero-ventral and postero-ventral portion of valve; G–H. Postabdomen and its basal portion; I–J. Postabdominal claw, outer and inner view; K. Postabdominal seta; L–M. Antenna I in external view and its distal end in inner view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314928/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs. 7D–F</figureCitation>
) variable in length and size in different individuals, but order of their sequence: two smaller setae between each bigger one, characteristic also for many other species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFED3F1F94D6FA573E68F9F1" author="Kotov, A. A." box="[1176,1321,1512,1538]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="63 - 80" refId="ref35177" refString="Kotov, A. A. (1999) Redescription of Macrothrix tripectinata Weisig, 1934 (Anomopoda, Branchiopoda), with a discussion of some features rarely used in the systematics of the genus. Hydrobiologia, 403, 63 - 80." type="journal article" year="1999">Kotov 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFED3F1F9578FA573BBBF9D9" author="Kotov, A. A. &amp; Garfias-Espejo, T. &amp; Elias-Gutierrez, M." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="61 - 88" refId="ref35964" refString="Kotov, A. A., Garfias-Espejo, T. &amp; Elias-Gutierrez, M. (2004) Separation of two Neotropical species: Macrothrix superaculeata (Smirnov, 1982) versus M. elegans Sars, 1901 (Macrothricidae, Anomopoda, Cladocera). Hydrobiologia, 517, 61 - 88." type="journal article" year="2004">
Kotov
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFED3F1F95C9FA573BEFF9DA" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFED3F1F914BF9AF3AE2F9D9" author="Kotov, A. A." box="[261,419,1552,1578]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="45 - 61" refId="ref35557" refString="Kotov, A. A. (2008 b) Importance of male and ephippial female characters for differentiating three Palaearctic species of Macrothrix Baird, 1843 (Cladocera: Anomopoda), with a redescription of Macrothrix dadayi Behning, 1941. Annales de limnologie, 44, 45 - 61." type="journal article" year="2008">Kotov 2008b</bibRefCitation>
). Usually setae at postero-ventral valve portion longest. The order of setal alternation is not too regular in the posterior portion of the ventral margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFED3F1F9088F9DF3A98F811" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Thorax long, abdomen short, with a low, robust dorsal process (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFED3F1F93E4F9DF3F49F989" box="[938,1032,1632,1658]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1747,1771]" captionTargetBox="[159,1425,159,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-116@19.[151,1436,157,1745]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Macrothrix atahualpa, adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A. Lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Valve; D–F. Setae at antero-ventral and postero-ventral portion of valve; G–H. Postabdomen and its basal portion; I–J. Postabdominal claw, outer and inner view; K. Postabdominal seta; L–M. Antenna I in external view and its distal end in inner view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314928/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7G</figureCitation>
). Postabdomen with a rectangularrounded distal extremity, and with large &quot;heel&quot; basally. Ventral margin almost straight, no series of setules were found there. Dorsal margin distinctly bilobed; preanal margin long, regularly convex, with short transversal series of setules, they became shorter basally and fully absent in basalmost part (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFED3F1F94DEF9673FAFF901" box="[1168,1262,1752,1778]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1747,1771]" captionTargetBox="[159,1425,159,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-116@19.[151,1436,157,1745]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Macrothrix atahualpa, adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A. Lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Valve; D–F. Setae at antero-ventral and postero-ventral portion of valve; G–H. Postabdomen and its basal portion; I–J. Postabdominal claw, outer and inner view; K. Postabdominal seta; L–M. Antenna I in external view and its distal end in inner view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314928/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7G</figureCitation>
). On anal margin, groups of robust setules, laterally to them series of finer setules. Reticulation on sides of postabdomen absent. Postabdominal claw regularly bent dorsally, with pointed tip, an external row of 7–10 thin setules in distal half of claw, medial row (immediately on ventral margin as seen laterally) of about 3–4 denticles (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFED3F1F9522F8EF3BF3F861" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1747,1771]" captionTargetBox="[159,1425,159,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-116@19.[151,1436,157,1745]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Macrothrix atahualpa, adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A. Lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Valve; D–F. Setae at antero-ventral and postero-ventral portion of valve; G–H. Postabdomen and its basal portion; I–J. Postabdominal claw, outer and inner view; K. Postabdominal seta; L–M. Antenna I in external view and its distal end in inner view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314928/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7I</figureCitation>
), and inner dorsal row with numerous denticles, two of them more robust than the rest (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFED3F1F9499F8C73E6CF861" box="[1239,1325,1912,1938]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1747,1771]" captionTargetBox="[159,1425,159,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-116@19.[151,1436,157,1745]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Macrothrix atahualpa, adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A. Lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Valve; D–F. Setae at antero-ventral and postero-ventral portion of valve; G–H. Postabdomen and its basal portion; I–J. Postabdominal claw, outer and inner view; K. Postabdominal seta; L–M. Antenna I in external view and its distal end in inner view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314928/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7J</figureCitation>
). Postabdominal seta approximately as long as postabdomen, with relatively long distal segment, bilaterally armed with long setules (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFED3F1F9123F8773A8AF811" box="[365,459,1992,2018]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1747,1771]" captionTargetBox="[159,1425,159,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-116@19.[151,1436,157,1745]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Macrothrix atahualpa, adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A. Lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Valve; D–F. Setae at antero-ventral and postero-ventral portion of valve; G–H. Postabdomen and its basal portion; I–J. Postabdominal claw, outer and inner view; K. Postabdominal seta; L–M. Antenna I in external view and its distal end in inner view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314928/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7K</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7F6649FFEC3F1E90D9F96C39F7F8A0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314928" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5314928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314928/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[151,255,1747,1771]" targetBox="[159,1425,159,1730]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFEC3F1E90D9F96C39F7F8A0" blockId="19.[151,1436,1747,1875]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFEC3F1E90D9F96C3A5DF918" bold="true" box="[151,284,1747,1771]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFEC3F1E9168F96B3955F918" box="[294,532,1748,1771]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Macrothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atahualpa">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFEC3F1E9168F96B3955F918" box="[294,532,1748,1771]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Macrothrix atahualpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A. Lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Valve; D–F. Setae at antero-ventral and postero-ventral portion of valve; G–H. Postabdomen and its basal portion; I–J. Postabdominal claw, outer and inner view; K. Postabdominal seta; L–M. Antenna I in external view and its distal end in inner view. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFEC3F199088F81B3AD2FD61" blockId="19.[151,1436,1956,2022]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1436,152,658]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Antenna I regularly bent, not widened distally, with a low subapical external angulation (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFEC3F1E949DF81B3E6CF84D" box="[1235,1325,1956,1982]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1747,1771]" captionTargetBox="[159,1425,159,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-116@19.[151,1436,157,1745]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Macrothrix atahualpa, adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A. Lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Valve; D–F. Setae at antero-ventral and postero-ventral portion of valve; G–H. Postabdomen and its basal portion; I–J. Postabdominal claw, outer and inner view; K. Postabdominal seta; L–M. Antenna I in external view and its distal end in inner view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314928/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7L</figureCitation>
); sensory seta externally at distance of about 1.5 antennular diameters (at base) from antenna I joint, about 7–8 transverse rows of robust spinules on its inner face, fine spinules at distal end (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFEB3F1993BDFF273F17FF41" box="[1011,1110,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1747,1771]" captionTargetBox="[159,1425,159,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-116@19.[151,1436,157,1745]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Macrothrix atahualpa, adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A. Lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Valve; D–F. Setae at antero-ventral and postero-ventral portion of valve; G–H. Postabdomen and its basal portion; I–J. Postabdominal claw, outer and inner view; K. Postabdominal seta; L–M. Antenna I in external view and its distal end in inner view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314928/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 7M</figureCitation>
). Nine terminal aesthetascs, two of them strongly larger than the rest, but not longer than 1/2 of antenna I length, each aesthetasc with two minute ‘claws’ at apex. Antenna II large (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFEB3F1992CEFF57399FFEF1" box="[640,734,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1747,1771]" captionTargetBox="[159,1425,159,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-116@19.[151,1436,157,1745]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Macrothrix atahualpa, adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A. Lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Valve; D–F. Setae at antero-ventral and postero-ventral portion of valve; G–H. Postabdomen and its basal portion; I–J. Postabdominal claw, outer and inner view; K. Postabdominal seta; L–M. Antenna I in external view and its distal end in inner view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314928/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
), coxal region folded, with two small basal sensory setae of slightly different size in middle part (Fig. 8A). Basal segment robust, bearing numerous transverse series of spinules; distal sensory seta long, bisegmented; distal burrowing spine longer than proximal segment of exopod. Antennal branches long (about two times longer than basal segment). Swimming setae 0–0–1–3/1–1–3, spines 0–1–0–1/0–0–1. Length of apical swimming setae (Fig. 8B) subequal, each seta marked by individual number in Fig. 8A, armature of each seta illustrated in Figs. 8C–L. Lateral seta on proximal endopod segment larger than other setae, with a series of robust denticles in middle (Figs. 8J–L). Apical spines relatively short (about half of apical segment length or even shorter), slightly curved. A spine on second segment of exopod longer than half of next segment. Large additional denticles on hind side of segments 2–3 of exopod, they are not homologous to true spines in
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFEB3F199267FDEF39ECFD9A" authorityName="W.Baird" authorityYear="1843" box="[553,685,592,617]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Macrothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFEB3F199267FDEF39ECFD9A" box="[553,685,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Macrothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFEB3F1992F1FDEF38D9FD99" author="Kotov, A. A. &amp; Garfias-Espejo, T. &amp; Elias-Gutierrez, M." box="[703,920,592,618]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="61 - 88" refId="ref35964" refString="Kotov, A. A., Garfias-Espejo, T. &amp; Elias-Gutierrez, M. (2004) Separation of two Neotropical species: Macrothrix superaculeata (Smirnov, 1982) versus M. elegans Sars, 1901 (Macrothricidae, Anomopoda, Cladocera). Hydrobiologia, 517, 61 - 88." type="journal article" year="2004">
Kotov
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFEB3F19935AFDEF3808FD9A" box="[788,841,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFEB3F1993E8FDEF3F02FD99" author="Kotov, A. A." box="[934,1091,592,618]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="2569 - 2620" refId="ref35457" refString="Kotov, A. A. (2007 b) Revision of the hirsuticornis - like species of Macrothrix Baird, 1843 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Macrothricidae) from Subantarctic and temperate regions of the southern hemisphere. Journal of Natural History, 41, 2569 - 2620." type="journal article" year="2007">Kotov 2007b</bibRefCitation>
) and some other anomopods (Kotov 2006, 2009a).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFEB3F1990D9F96D38DCF8DD" blockId="20.[151,1436,1746,1838]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFEB3F1990D9F96D3BBCF919" bold="true" box="[151,253,1746,1770]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figure 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFEB3F199148F96D3AB3F91A" box="[262,498,1746,1769]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Macrothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atahualpa">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFEB3F199148F96D3AB3F91A" box="[262,498,1746,1769]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Macrothrix atahualpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, antenna II of adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará,
<collectingCountry id="F3177651FFEB3F199490F96D3E5AF91A" box="[1246,1307,1746,1769]" name="Chile" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Chile</collectingCountry>
. A. General view; B. Distal segment of exopod; C–I. Apical and lateral swimming setae; J–L. Different portions of largest seta of antenna II, located on proximal segment of endopod. Scale bars
<quantity id="4CF89B24FFEB3F19930AF8A838D8F8DD" box="[836,921,1815,1838]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFEB3F189088F8DD38F6FEA1" blockId="20.[151,1436,1890,2036]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1436,152,338]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Limb I large, without accessory seta; outer distal lobe (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFEB3F199317F8DD38F8F88F" box="[857,953,1890,1916]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,425,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-182@21.[151,1436,394,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Macrothrix atahualpa, thoracic limbs of adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A–C. Distal portion of limb II and two smallest setae of its inner distal lobe; D. Limb I, anterior view; E–G. Stiff setae on inner portion of limb I; H–I. Limb II and distal armature of its gnathobase, posterior view; J–K. Limb III and its inner portion, posterior view; L. Limb IV, posterior view; M. Limb V, posterior view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314930/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
: ODL) cylindrical, bearing a long apical seta and a short lateral seta. Inner distal lobe massive, with three successive marginal series of setules plus medial series of setules, and three bisegmented setae of different size, largest seta with fine setules, while two other setae armed with strong spinules (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFEB3F199220F86539BBF807" box="[622,762,2010,2036]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,425,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-182@21.[151,1436,394,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Macrothrix atahualpa, thoracic limbs of adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A–C. Distal portion of limb II and two smallest setae of its inner distal lobe; D. Limb I, anterior view; E–G. Stiff setae on inner portion of limb I; H–I. Limb II and distal armature of its gnathobase, posterior view; J–K. Limb III and its inner portion, posterior view; L. Limb IV, posterior view; M. Limb V, posterior view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314930/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs. 9B–C</figureCitation>
). Endite 3 posteriorly with slightly curved, setulated seta (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFEA3F1890D1FF273BBEFF41" box="[159,255,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,425,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-182@21.[151,1436,394,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Macrothrix atahualpa, thoracic limbs of adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A–C. Distal portion of limb II and two smallest setae of its inner distal lobe; D. Limb I, anterior view; E–G. Stiff setae on inner portion of limb I; H–I. Limb II and distal armature of its gnathobase, posterior view; J–K. Limb III and its inner portion, posterior view; L. Limb IV, posterior view; M. Limb V, posterior view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314930/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
: a), and straight setae b–c; anteriorly on this endite a short, setulated, bisegmented seta 1 (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFEA3F18957CFF273ECEFF41" box="[1330,1423,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,425,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-182@21.[151,1436,394,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Macrothrix atahualpa, thoracic limbs of adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A–C. Distal portion of limb II and two smallest setae of its inner distal lobe; D. Limb I, anterior view; E–G. Stiff setae on inner portion of limb I; H–I. Limb II and distal armature of its gnathobase, posterior view; J–K. Limb III and its inner portion, posterior view; L. Limb IV, posterior view; M. Limb V, posterior view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314930/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
). Endite 2 with three long bisegmented setae of subequal size (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFEA3F189322FF7F388AFF29" box="[876,971,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,425,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-182@21.[151,1436,394,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Macrothrix atahualpa, thoracic limbs of adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A–C. Distal portion of limb II and two smallest setae of its inner distal lobe; D. Limb I, anterior view; E–G. Stiff setae on inner portion of limb I; H–I. Limb II and distal armature of its gnathobase, posterior view; J–K. Limb III and its inner portion, posterior view; L. Limb IV, posterior view; M. Limb V, posterior view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314930/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
: d–f), each with distal segment bearing fine setules distally and forked seta 2 anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFEA3F18929FFF57386BFEF1" box="[721,810,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,425,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-182@21.[151,1436,394,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Macrothrix atahualpa, thoracic limbs of adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A–C. Distal portion of limb II and two smallest setae of its inner distal lobe; D. Limb I, anterior view; E–G. Stiff setae on inner portion of limb I; H–I. Limb II and distal armature of its gnathobase, posterior view; J–K. Limb III and its inner portion, posterior view; L. Limb IV, posterior view; M. Limb V, posterior view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314930/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
). Endite 1 with two bisegmented setae (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFEA3F1894B2FF573E1BFEF1" box="[1276,1370,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,425,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-182@21.[151,1436,394,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Macrothrix atahualpa, thoracic limbs of adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A–C. Distal portion of limb II and two smallest setae of its inner distal lobe; D. Limb I, anterior view; E–G. Stiff setae on inner portion of limb I; H–I. Limb II and distal armature of its gnathobase, posterior view; J–K. Limb III and its inner portion, posterior view; L. Limb IV, posterior view; M. Limb V, posterior view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314930/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
: g–h) and a fork-like seta 3 (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFEA3F1891D2FEAF3AB9FED9" box="[412,504,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,425,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-182@21.[151,1436,394,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Macrothrix atahualpa, thoracic limbs of adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A–C. Distal portion of limb II and two smallest setae of its inner distal lobe; D. Limb I, anterior view; E–G. Stiff setae on inner portion of limb I; H–I. Limb II and distal armature of its gnathobase, posterior view; J–K. Limb III and its inner portion, posterior view; L. Limb IV, posterior view; M. Limb V, posterior view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314930/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 9G</figureCitation>
) anteriorly. A sole ejector hook; a fully setulated seta at inner side of limb base, so-called maxillar process, remainder of gnathobase I (
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFEA3F189357FE8738EAFEA1" author="Kotov, A. A." box="[793,939,312,338]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="63 - 80" refId="ref35177" refString="Kotov, A. A. (1999) Redescription of Macrothrix tripectinata Weisig, 1934 (Anomopoda, Branchiopoda), with a discussion of some features rarely used in the systematics of the genus. Hydrobiologia, 403, 63 - 80." type="journal article" year="1999">Kotov 1999</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7F6649FFEA3F1890D9F8C43F1CF800" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314930" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5314930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314930/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[151,255,1915,1939]" targetBox="[158,1425,425,1886]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFEA3F1890D9F8C43F1CF800" blockId="21.[151,1436,1915,2035]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFEA3F1890D9F8C43A58F860" bold="true" box="[151,281,1915,1939]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFEA3F18916FF8C3394DF860" box="[289,524,1916,1939]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Macrothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atahualpa">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFEA3F18916FF8C3394DF860" box="[289,524,1916,1939]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Macrothrix atahualpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, thoracic limbs of adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A–C. Distal portion of limb II and two smallest setae of its inner distal lobe; D. Limb I, anterior view; E–G. Stiff setae on inner portion of limb I; H–I. Limb II and distal armature of its gnathobase, posterior view; J–K. Limb III and its inner portion, posterior view; L. Limb IV, posterior view; M. Limb V, posterior view. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFE93F1B9088FF273AC9FEA1" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,2018]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Limb II triangular; epipodite subglobular, exopodite a subovoid lobe with three rows of small setules and short seta distally (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFE93F1B9138FF7F3A94FF29" box="[374,469,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,425,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-182@21.[151,1436,394,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Macrothrix atahualpa, thoracic limbs of adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A–C. Distal portion of limb II and two smallest setae of its inner distal lobe; D. Limb I, anterior view; E–G. Stiff setae on inner portion of limb I; H–I. Limb II and distal armature of its gnathobase, posterior view; J–K. Limb III and its inner portion, posterior view; L. Limb IV, posterior view; M. Limb V, posterior view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314930/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9H</figureCitation>
). At inner margin of limb, eight robust scrapers (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFE93F1B9455FF7F3F3BFF29" box="[1051,1146,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,425,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-182@21.[151,1436,394,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Macrothrix atahualpa, thoracic limbs of adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A–C. Distal portion of limb II and two smallest setae of its inner distal lobe; D. Limb I, anterior view; E–G. Stiff setae on inner portion of limb I; H–I. Limb II and distal armature of its gnathobase, posterior view; J–K. Limb III and its inner portion, posterior view; L. Limb IV, posterior view; M. Limb V, posterior view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314930/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9H</figureCitation>
: 1–8), scrapers 1–2 with delicate feathering, 3–8 with robust denticles, and small sensillum near scraper 1. Posteriorly to scrapers, a system of low hillocks, and a soft seta near scraper 4. Distal gnathobase with four setae (Fig, 9I: 1–4); filter with four long setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFE93F1B9088FEDF38AAFD49" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,2018]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Limb III with small, globular epipodite; exopodite large and flat, with three distal setae (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFE93F1B9490FEDF3E12FE89" box="[1246,1363,352,378]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,425,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-182@21.[151,1436,394,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Macrothrix atahualpa, thoracic limbs of adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A–C. Distal portion of limb II and two smallest setae of its inner distal lobe; D. Limb I, anterior view; E–G. Stiff setae on inner portion of limb I; H–I. Limb II and distal armature of its gnathobase, posterior view; J–K. Limb III and its inner portion, posterior view; L. Limb IV, posterior view; M. Limb V, posterior view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314930/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 9J</figureCitation>
: 1–3), seta 1 with short setules; setae 2–3 with long setules; lateral “group” consists of a single seta 4, similar in armature with 2 and 3. Distal endite (see discussion of its homology in
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE93F1B944AFE0F3FD5FE39" author="Kotov, A. A." box="[1028,1172,432,458]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="63 - 80" refId="ref35177" refString="Kotov, A. A. (1999) Redescription of Macrothrix tripectinata Weisig, 1934 (Anomopoda, Branchiopoda), with a discussion of some features rarely used in the systematics of the genus. Hydrobiologia, 403, 63 - 80." type="journal article" year="1999">Kotov 1999</bibRefCitation>
) anteriorly with three bisegmented setae (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFE93F1B9133FE673A9DFE01" box="[381,476,472,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,425,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-182@21.[151,1436,394,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Macrothrix atahualpa, thoracic limbs of adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A–C. Distal portion of limb II and two smallest setae of its inner distal lobe; D. Limb I, anterior view; E–G. Stiff setae on inner portion of limb I; H–I. Limb II and distal armature of its gnathobase, posterior view; J–K. Limb III and its inner portion, posterior view; L. Limb IV, posterior view; M. Limb V, posterior view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314930/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9K</figureCitation>
: 1–3), unilaterally armed in distal part, small sensillum near each base of seta 1, 2 and 3. Posteriorly, three setae: seta a thick, strong, with robust spinules distally, setae b and c soft, with fine setules distally. Basal endite smaller than distal one. Anteriorly, a bottle-shaped sensillum and only three (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFE93F1B9522FD973BFEFD99" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,425,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-182@21.[151,1436,394,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Macrothrix atahualpa, thoracic limbs of adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A–C. Distal portion of limb II and two smallest setae of its inner distal lobe; D. Limb I, anterior view; E–G. Stiff setae on inner portion of limb I; H–I. Limb II and distal armature of its gnathobase, posterior view; J–K. Limb III and its inner portion, posterior view; L. Limb IV, posterior view; M. Limb V, posterior view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314930/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9K</figureCitation>
: 4–6) bilaterally setulated setae; posteriorly, only three soft, setulated setae (d–f) subequal in size. Gnathobase clearly demarcated from basal endite, with large, bottle-shaped sensillum near border with basal endite (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFE93F1B90D1FD1F3BBFFD49" box="[159,254,672,698]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,425,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-182@21.[151,1436,394,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Macrothrix atahualpa, thoracic limbs of adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A–C. Distal portion of limb II and two smallest setae of its inner distal lobe; D. Limb I, anterior view; E–G. Stiff setae on inner portion of limb I; H–I. Limb II and distal armature of its gnathobase, posterior view; J–K. Limb III and its inner portion, posterior view; L. Limb IV, posterior view; M. Limb V, posterior view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314930/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9K</figureCitation>
: 1), and three projections distally (2–4), filter plate fully absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFE93F1B9088FD773AC6FBD1" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,2018]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Limb IV with pre-epipodite small, epipodite very large, globular; exopodite small, with distal group of two bilaterally feathered setae of different size (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFE93F1B928DFD4F385FFCF9" box="[707,798,752,778]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,425,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-182@21.[151,1436,394,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Macrothrix atahualpa, thoracic limbs of adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A–C. Distal portion of limb II and two smallest setae of its inner distal lobe; D. Limb I, anterior view; E–G. Stiff setae on inner portion of limb I; H–I. Limb II and distal armature of its gnathobase, posterior view; J–K. Limb III and its inner portion, posterior view; L. Limb IV, posterior view; M. Limb V, posterior view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314930/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9L</figureCitation>
). Inner margin of limb with 4 setae (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFE93F1B948BFD4F3E61FCF9" box="[1221,1312,752,778]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,425,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-182@21.[151,1436,394,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Macrothrix atahualpa, thoracic limbs of adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A–C. Distal portion of limb II and two smallest setae of its inner distal lobe; D. Limb I, anterior view; E–G. Stiff setae on inner portion of limb I; H–I. Limb II and distal armature of its gnathobase, posterior view; J–K. Limb III and its inner portion, posterior view; L. Limb IV, posterior view; M. Limb V, posterior view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314930/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9L</figureCitation>
: 1–4), seta 1 naked, setae 2–4 with inflated basal and elongated distal part, the latter pointed at tip, supplied with relatively robust setules. A small sensillum near base of seta 3. Posteriorly, a row of only four long, soft setae, similar in size, bilaterally setulated from base to tip (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFE93F1B9348FCD73823FC71" box="[774,866,872,898]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,425,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-182@21.[151,1436,394,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Macrothrix atahualpa, thoracic limbs of adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A–C. Distal portion of limb II and two smallest setae of its inner distal lobe; D. Limb I, anterior view; E–G. Stiff setae on inner portion of limb I; H–I. Limb II and distal armature of its gnathobase, posterior view; J–K. Limb III and its inner portion, posterior view; L. Limb IV, posterior view; M. Limb V, posterior view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314930/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9L</figureCitation>
: a–d). Distal armature of gnathobase with 4 elements (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFE93F1B90A3FC2F3A09FC59" box="[237,328,912,938]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,425,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-182@21.[151,1436,394,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Macrothrix atahualpa, thoracic limbs of adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A–C. Distal portion of limb II and two smallest setae of its inner distal lobe; D. Limb I, anterior view; E–G. Stiff setae on inner portion of limb I; H–I. Limb II and distal armature of its gnathobase, posterior view; J–K. Limb III and its inner portion, posterior view; L. Limb IV, posterior view; M. Limb V, posterior view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314930/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9L</figureCitation>
: 1–4): a bottle-shaped sensillum (1) near border with basal endite; a large setae 2 with inflated basal segment and elongated, setulated distal segment; a heavy hook 3; and a small, naked seta 4. Posteriorly on gnathobase, a single small seta continues the posterior row of setae of the inner limb face, the sole remain- der of filter plate IV.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFE93F1B9088FB8F38BFFB69" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,2018]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Limb V with pre-epipodite relatively large, tri-lobed (not illustrated in
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFE93F1B944FFB8F3F22FBB9" box="[1025,1123,1072,1098]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,425,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-182@21.[151,1436,394,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Macrothrix atahualpa, thoracic limbs of adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A–C. Distal portion of limb II and two smallest setae of its inner distal lobe; D. Limb I, anterior view; E–G. Stiff setae on inner portion of limb I; H–I. Limb II and distal armature of its gnathobase, posterior view; J–K. Limb III and its inner portion, posterior view; L. Limb IV, posterior view; M. Limb V, posterior view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314930/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9M</figureCitation>
); epipodite large, globular. A small lobe with single seta remains of the exopodite. Inner-distal portion a large flap, fringed by fine setules, on inner margin three setae, in size increasing distally (
<figureCitation id="133B2A44FFE93F1B9314FB3F38F7FB69" box="[858,950,1152,1178]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,425,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-182@21.[151,1436,394,1891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Macrothrix atahualpa, thoracic limbs of adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A–C. Distal portion of limb II and two smallest setae of its inner distal lobe; D. Limb I, anterior view; E–G. Stiff setae on inner portion of limb I; H–I. Limb II and distal armature of its gnathobase, posterior view; J–K. Limb III and its inner portion, posterior view; L. Limb IV, posterior view; M. Limb V, posterior view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5314930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5314930/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9L</figureCitation>
: 1–3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFE93F1B9088FB173AF3FB31" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,2018]" box="[198,434,1192,1218]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Size up to
<quantity id="4CF89B24FFE93F1B910DFB173AEFFB31" box="[323,430,1192,1218]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="1.15">1.15 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFE93F1B9088FB6F3865FAE1" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,2018]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Ephippial female, male. Absent in our material. See
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE93F1B9309FB6F3F41FB19" author="Harding, J. P." box="[839,1024,1232,1258]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="329 - 354" refId="ref34641" refString="Harding, J. P. (1955) Percy Sladen Trust expedition. XIX. Crustacea: Cladocera. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 1, 329 - 354." type="journal article" year="1955">Harding (1955)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE93F1B940EFB6F3ED6FB19" author="Villagra de Gamundi, A." box="[1088,1431,1232,1258]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="309 - 316" refId="ref39439" refString="Villagra de Gamundi, A. (1984) Sobre la presencia de un nuevo macrotricido para la fauna Argentina: Echinisca palearis (Harding, 1955) (Crustacea-Cladocera-Macrothricidae). Acta zoologica Lilloana, 37, 309 - 316." type="journal article" year="1984">Villagra de Gamundi (1984)</bibRefCitation>
, although their descriptions lack many important details.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A654AFFE93F1A9088FAA03ABBFF29" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFE93F1B9088FAA038D6F9A1" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,2018]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFE93F1B9088FAA03A98FACA" bold="true" box="[198,473,1311,1337]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFE93F1B91AEFA9F393EFACA" box="[480,639,1312,1337]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Macrothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atahualpa">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFE93F1B91AEFA9F393EFACA" box="[480,639,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. atahualpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a relative of the welll-defined
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFE93F1B944AFA9F3FDBFACA" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1028,1178,1312,1337]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Macrothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paulensis">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFE93F1B944AFA9F3FDBFACA" box="[1028,1178,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. paulensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group (Kotov
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFE93F1B90D9FAF73B8BFA92" box="[151,202,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
. 2005), sharing with the latter a series of basic synapomorphies (unique or very rare for the genus), first of all (1) large, triangular labrum; (2) a sole ejector hook on limb I; (3) only three anterior and three posterior setae on basal endite of limb III; (4) only two setae on exopodite IV; (5) only four posterior setae on inner portion of limb IV. It differs from members of
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFE93F1B92C3FA7F386DFA2A" box="[653,812,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. paulensis-</emphasis>
group in (1) only somewhat convex ventral margin of head and (2) presence of groups of setules instead of strong spines on inner margin of antenna I.
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFE93F1B94B0FA573EDAF9F2" box="[1278,1435,1512,1537]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Macrothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atahualpa">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFE93F1B94B0FA573EDAF9F2" box="[1278,1435,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. atahualpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from a relatively similar Australo-African taxon,
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFE93F1B9361F9AF38FAF9DA" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[815,955,1552,1577]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Macrothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFE93F1B9361F9AF38FAF9DA" box="[815,955,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in a long distal segment of postabdominal seta as it was marked by
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE93F1B91A8F98739DDF9A1" author="Harding, J. P." box="[486,668,1592,1618]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="329 - 354" refId="ref34641" refString="Harding, J. P. (1955) Percy Sladen Trust expedition. XIX. Crustacea: Cladocera. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 1, 329 - 354." type="journal article" year="1955">Harding (1955)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE93F1B929BF98738D2F9A1" author="Smirnov, N. N." box="[725,915,1592,1618]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 237" refId="ref38485" refString="Smirnov, N. N. (1976) Macrothricidae and Moinidae of the World fauna. Fauna SSSR, novaya seriya. Rakoobraznye, 1 (3), 1 - 237 (In Russian)." type="journal article" year="1976">Smirnov (1976)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFE93F1A9088F9DF3ABBFF29" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,2018]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1436,152,778]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
There is a small chance that
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFE93F1B926BF9DF3987F98A" box="[549,710,1632,1657]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Macrothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atahualpa">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFE93F1B926BF9DF3987F98A" box="[549,710,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. atahualpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a junior synonym of Patagonian
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFE93F1B9434F9DF3ED6F989" authority="Daday, 1902" authorityName="Daday" authorityYear="1902" box="[1146,1431,1632,1658]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Macrothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFE93F1B9434F9DF3FB5F98A" box="[1146,1268,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. magna</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE93F1B94B0F9DF3ED6F989" author="Daday, E. von" box="[1278,1431,1632,1658]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="201 - 310" refId="ref33496" refString="Daday, E. von. (1902) Mikroskopische Susswasserthiere aus Patagonien, gesammelt von Dr. Filippo Sylvestri. Termeszetrajzi Fuzetek, Budapest, 25, 201 - 310." type="journal article" year="1902">Daday, 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which was earlier regarded as a member of
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFE93F1B92DFF9373866F952" box="[657,807,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">hirsuticornis</emphasis>
-group, but the latter idea is now considered incorrect, see
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE93F1B9088F90F3A3AF939" author="Kotov, A. A." box="[198,379,1712,1738]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="2569 - 2620" refId="ref35457" refString="Kotov, A. A. (2007 b) Revision of the hirsuticornis - like species of Macrothrix Baird, 1843 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Macrothricidae) from Subantarctic and temperate regions of the southern hemisphere. Journal of Natural History, 41, 2569 - 2620." type="journal article" year="2007">Kotov (2007b)</bibRefCitation>
. At least,
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFE93F1B91B9F90F39D9F93A" box="[503,664,1712,1737]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Macrothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atahualpa">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFE93F1B91B9F90F39D9F93A" box="[503,664,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. atahualpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFE93F1B9299F90F3810F93A" authorityName="Daday" authorityYear="1902" box="[727,849,1712,1737]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Macrothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFE93F1B9299F90F3810F93A" box="[727,849,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. magna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are very similar, especially in male morphology (compare illustrations of
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE93F1B91F0F967390DF901" author="Daday, E. von" box="[446,588,1752,1778]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="201 - 310" refId="ref33496" refString="Daday, E. von. (1902) Mikroskopische Susswasserthiere aus Patagonien, gesammelt von Dr. Filippo Sylvestri. Termeszetrajzi Fuzetek, Budapest, 25, 201 - 310." type="journal article" year="1902">Daday 1902</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE93F1B92C8F967386AF901" author="Harding, J. P." box="[646,811,1752,1778]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="329 - 354" refId="ref34641" refString="Harding, J. P. (1955) Percy Sladen Trust expedition. XIX. Crustacea: Cladocera. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 1, 329 - 354." type="journal article" year="1955">Harding 1955</bibRefCitation>
), which is regarded to be specially important for species determination in
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFE93F1B91DDF8BF394BF8E9" box="[403,522,1792,1818]" class="Branchiopoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cladocera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Cladocera</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE93F1B9256F8BF39E9F8E9" author="Kotov, A. A." box="[536,680,1792,1818]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="63 - 80" refId="ref35177" refString="Kotov, A. A. (1999) Redescription of Macrothrix tripectinata Weisig, 1934 (Anomopoda, Branchiopoda), with a discussion of some features rarely used in the systematics of the genus. Hydrobiologia, 403, 63 - 80." type="journal article" year="1999">Kotov 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE93F1B92FAF8BF382EF8E9" author="Kim, K. &amp; Kotov A. A. &amp; Taylor, D. J." box="[692,879,1792,1818]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="141 - 147" refId="ref35025" refString="Kim, K., Kotov A. A. &amp; Taylor, D. J. (2006) Hormonal induction of undescribed males resolves cryptic species of cladocerans. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 273, 141 - 147." type="journal article" year="2006">
Kim
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFE93F1B92A1F8BF3862F8EA" box="[751,803,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE93F1B9334F8BF3F58F8E9" author="Kotov, A. A." box="[890,1049,1792,1818]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="45 - 61" refId="ref35557" refString="Kotov, A. A. (2008 b) Importance of male and ephippial female characters for differentiating three Palaearctic species of Macrothrix Baird, 1843 (Cladocera: Anomopoda), with a redescription of Macrothrix dadayi Behning, 1941. Annales de limnologie, 44, 45 - 61." type="journal article" year="2008">Kotov 2008b</bibRefCitation>
). Unfortunately, the first description of
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFE93F1B90B6F8973A34F8B2" authorityName="Daday" authorityYear="1902" box="[248,373,1832,1857]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Macrothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFE93F1B90B6F8973A34F8B2" box="[248,373,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. magna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was lacking many important characters. Our preliminary analysis of
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE93F1B94AEF8973EDAF8B1" author="Daday, E. von" box="[1248,1435,1832,1858]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="201 - 310" refId="ref33496" refString="Daday, E. von. (1902) Mikroskopische Susswasserthiere aus Patagonien, gesammelt von Dr. Filippo Sylvestri. Termeszetrajzi Fuzetek, Budapest, 25, 201 - 310." type="journal article" year="1902">Daday’s (1902)</bibRefCitation>
illustrations led to conclusion that
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFE93F1B9263F8EF398DF89A" box="[557,716,1872,1897]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Macrothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atahualpa">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFE93F1B9263F8EF398DF89A" box="[557,716,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. atahualpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFE93F1B9326F8EF38A1F89A" authorityName="Daday" authorityYear="1902" box="[872,992,1872,1897]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Macrothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFE93F1B9326F8EF38A1F89A" box="[872,992,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. magna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in (1) large basal “heel” of postabdomen; (2) denticles on postabdominal claw located closely and occupying less then half of the claw length; (3) absence of abdominal processes; (4) longer sensory setae on male antenna I. These differences probably indicate existence of two separate taxa (
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE93F1B9276F8773986F811" author="Kotov, A. A." box="[568,711,1992,2018]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="63 - 80" refId="ref35177" refString="Kotov, A. A. (1999) Redescription of Macrothrix tripectinata Weisig, 1934 (Anomopoda, Branchiopoda), with a discussion of some features rarely used in the systematics of the genus. Hydrobiologia, 403, 63 - 80." type="journal article" year="1999">Kotov 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE93F1B929DF8773860F811" author="Kotov, A. A." box="[723,801,1992,2018]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="45 - 61" refId="ref35557" refString="Kotov, A. A. (2008 b) Importance of male and ephippial female characters for differentiating three Palaearctic species of Macrothrix Baird, 1843 (Cladocera: Anomopoda), with a redescription of Macrothrix dadayi Behning, 1941. Annales de limnologie, 44, 45 - 61." type="journal article" year="2008">2008b</bibRefCitation>
). But our preliminary ideas must be checked with consideration of Daday’s
<typeStatus id="54BB8863FFE83F1A91EEFF273A9FFF41" box="[416,478,152,178]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">types</typeStatus>
and new samples from Patagonia. In any case, the Andean
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFE83F1A94FAFF273E15FF42" box="[1204,1364,152,177]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Macrothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atahualpa">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFE83F1A94FAFF273E15FF42" box="[1204,1364,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. atahualpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a closest congener in Patagonia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A654AFFE83F1A9088FF583996FD61" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFE83F1A9088FF583A7EFE89" blockId="23.[151,1436,152,778]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFE83F1A9088FF583A14FEF2" bold="true" box="[198,341,231,257]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Comments.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B683C9CFFE83F1A9115FF573A7BFE89" collectionCode="NHM" collectorName="V. Brehm &amp; V. Korinek &amp; Titicaca" country="Bolivia" location="Lake Titicaca" municipality="Brehm" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54BB8863FFE83F1A9115FF573AD4FEF1" box="[347,405,232,258]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Type</typeStatus>
locality of
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFE83F1A9254FF5739F6FEF2" box="[538,695,232,257]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Macrothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atahualpa">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFE83F1A9254FF5739F6FEF2" box="[538,695,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. atahualpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unknown water body in the vicinities of
<location id="8EDF601AFFE83F1A94E3FF573E0AFEF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A987D7FFEE3F1A90D9F9E03AE6FCF9:8EDF601AFFE83F1A94E3FF573E0AFEF1" box="[1197,1355,232,258]" country="Bolivia" municipality="Brehm" name="Lake Titicaca" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Lake Titicaca</location>
(Peru-
<collectingCountry id="F3177651FFE83F1A90D9FEAF3BACFED9" box="[151,237,272,298]" name="Bolivia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
border), no further details in
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE83F1A9208FEAF39AEFED9" author="Brehm, V." box="[582,751,272,298]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="317 - 325" refId="ref33185" refString="Brehm, V. (1936) Mitteilungen von den Forschungsreisen prof. Rahms. Mitteilung VII. Schlussmitteilung uber Cladoceren und Copepoden. - Uber der Formenkreis der Delachauxiella trigonura (Ekman). - Macrothrix atahualpa nov. sp. und Godetella. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 115, 317 - 325." type="journal article" year="1936">Brehm (1936)</bibRefCitation>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDBACBBFFE83F1A92B4FEAF380BFED9" box="[762,842,272,298]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Brehm</collectingMunicipality>
did not specify
<typeStatus id="54BB8863FFE83F1A9448FEAF3F05FED9" box="[1030,1092,272,298]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">types</typeStatus>
of his taxa. Some samples of
<collectorName id="26F55317FFE83F1A90D9FE873A49FEA1" box="[151,264,312,338]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">V. Brehm</collectorName>
are found and will be deposited to
<collectionCode id="ED11AE04FFE83F1A92E5FE8739AEFEA1" box="[683,751,312,338]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">NHM</collectionCode>
(
<collectorName id="26F55317FFE83F1A934EFE8738C5FEA1" box="[768,900,311,338]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">V. Kořínek</collectorName>
, pers. comm), but no information on
<collectorName id="26F55317FFE83F1A9570FE873EDAFEA1" box="[1342,1435,312,338]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Titicaca</collectorName>
samples there
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFE83F1A9088FE373996FD61" blockId="23.[151,1436,152,778]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Both
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFE83F1A9148FE373902FE51" authority="Brehm, 1936" authorityName="Brehm" authorityYear="1936" box="[262,579,392,418]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Macrothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atahualpa">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFE83F1A9148FE373AE2FE52" box="[262,419,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. atahualpa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE83F1A91E5FE373902FE51" author="Brehm, V." box="[427,579,392,418]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="317 - 325" refId="ref33185" refString="Brehm, V. (1936) Mitteilungen von den Forschungsreisen prof. Rahms. Mitteilung VII. Schlussmitteilung uber Cladoceren und Copepoden. - Uber der Formenkreis der Delachauxiella trigonura (Ekman). - Macrothrix atahualpa nov. sp. und Godetella. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 115, 317 - 325." type="journal article" year="1936">Brehm, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFE83F1A9232FE3738F2FE51" authority="Harding, 1955" authorityName="Harding" authorityYear="1955" box="[636,947,392,418]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Echinisca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palearis">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFE83F1A9232FE373842FE52" box="[636,771,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. palearis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE83F1A9344FE3738F2FE51" author="Harding, J. P." box="[778,947,392,418]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="329 - 354" refId="ref34641" refString="Harding, J. P. (1955) Percy Sladen Trust expedition. XIX. Crustacea: Cladocera. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 1, 329 - 354." type="journal article" year="1955">Harding, 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
were described from the same area (Lake Titicaca region), and both descriptions were relatively detailed. Probably
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE83F1A9465FE0F3FA9FE39" author="Harding, J. P." box="[1067,1256,432,458]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="329 - 354" refId="ref34641" refString="Harding, J. P. (1955) Percy Sladen Trust expedition. XIX. Crustacea: Cladocera. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 1, 329 - 354." type="journal article" year="1955">Harding (1955)</bibRefCitation>
did not know
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE83F1A90D9FE673A10FE01" author="Brehm, V." box="[151,337,472,498]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="317 - 325" refId="ref33185" refString="Brehm, V. (1936) Mitteilungen von den Forschungsreisen prof. Rahms. Mitteilung VII. Schlussmitteilung uber Cladoceren und Copepoden. - Uber der Formenkreis der Delachauxiella trigonura (Ekman). - Macrothrix atahualpa nov. sp. und Godetella. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 115, 317 - 325." type="journal article" year="1936">Brehm’s (1936)</bibRefCitation>
paper, which was not cited by him. Without any doubts the Harding’s taxon is a junior synonym of Brehm’s species. Smirnov (1992b) marked just
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFE83F1A9372FDBF3885FDEA" authorityName="Harding" authorityYear="1955" box="[828,964,512,537]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Echinisca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palearis">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFE83F1A9372FDBF3885FDEA" box="[828,964,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. palearis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as valid, but listed
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFE83F1A94FEFDBF3E11FDEA" authorityName="Brehm" authorityYear="1936" box="[1200,1360,512,537]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Macrothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atahualpa">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFE83F1A94FEFDBF3E11FDEA" box="[1200,1360,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. atahualpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the list of synonyms. Since that time a new edition of ICZN (2000) appeared, and according to several cases of ICZN (2000),
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFE83F1A910EFDEF393EFD99" authority="Brehm, 1936" authorityName="Brehm" authorityYear="1936" box="[320,639,592,618]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Macrothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atahualpa">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFE83F1A910EFDEF3A9EFD9A" box="[320,479,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. atahualpa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE83F1A91A8FDEF393EFD99" author="Brehm, V." box="[486,639,592,618]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="317 - 325" refId="ref33185" refString="Brehm, V. (1936) Mitteilungen von den Forschungsreisen prof. Rahms. Mitteilung VII. Schlussmitteilung uber Cladoceren und Copepoden. - Uber der Formenkreis der Delachauxiella trigonura (Ekman). - Macrothrix atahualpa nov. sp. und Godetella. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 115, 317 - 325." type="journal article" year="1936">Brehm, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has priority and this name must be used as valid, while
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFE83F1A955AFDEF3A7EFD61" authority="Harding, 1955" authorityName="Harding" authorityYear="1955" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Echinisca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palearis">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFE83F1A955AFDEF3EDDFD9A" box="[1300,1436,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. palearis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE83F1A90D9FDC73A7EFD61" author="Harding, J. P." box="[151,319,632,658]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="329 - 354" refId="ref34641" refString="Harding, J. P. (1955) Percy Sladen Trust expedition. XIX. Crustacea: Cladocera. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 1, 329 - 354." type="journal article" year="1955">Harding, 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is a junior synonym of the former.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A654AFFE83F1A9088FD203AE6FCF9" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBF36C1FFE83F1A9088FD203AE6FCF9" blockId="23.[151,1436,152,778]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFE83F1A9088FD203A26FD4A" bold="true" box="[198,359,671,697]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C004D42FFE83F1A9120FD1F394DFD4A" authorityName="Brehm" authorityYear="1936" box="[366,524,672,697]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Macrothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atahualpa">
<emphasis id="B974EAD3FFE83F1A9120FD1F394DFD4A" box="[366,524,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. atahualpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very common in many high mountain water bodies of
<collectingCountry id="F3177651FFE83F1A94E0FD1F3FA6FD49" box="[1198,1255,672,698]" name="Peru" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3177651FFE83F1A94BCFD1F3E0AFD49" box="[1266,1355,672,698]" name="Bolivia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, North
<collectingCountry id="F3177651FFE83F1A90D9FD773A4DFD11" box="[151,268,712,738]" name="Argentina" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE83F1A9152FD773AF4FD11" author="Brehm, V." box="[284,437,712,738]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="317 - 325" refId="ref33185" refString="Brehm, V. (1936) Mitteilungen von den Forschungsreisen prof. Rahms. Mitteilung VII. Schlussmitteilung uber Cladoceren und Copepoden. - Uber der Formenkreis der Delachauxiella trigonura (Ekman). - Macrothrix atahualpa nov. sp. und Godetella. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 115, 317 - 325." type="journal article" year="1936">Brehm 1936</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE83F1A918CFD773928FD11" author="Harding, J. P." box="[450,617,712,738]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="329 - 354" refId="ref34641" refString="Harding, J. P. (1955) Percy Sladen Trust expedition. XIX. Crustacea: Cladocera. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 1, 329 - 354." type="journal article" year="1955">Harding 1955</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE83F1A9239FD7739BCFD11" author="Ueno, M." box="[631,765,712,738]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="547 - 586" refId="ref38912" refString="Ueno, M. (1967) Zooplankton of the Lake Titicaca on the Bolivian Side. Hydrobiologia, 29, 547 - 586." type="journal article" year="1967">Uéno 1967</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE83F1A9345FD773F0BFD11" author="Villagra de Gamundi, A." box="[779,1098,712,738]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="309 - 316" refId="ref39439" refString="Villagra de Gamundi, A. (1984) Sobre la presencia de un nuevo macrotricido para la fauna Argentina: Echinisca palearis (Harding, 1955) (Crustacea-Cladocera-Macrothricidae). Acta zoologica Lilloana, 37, 309 - 316." type="journal article" year="1984">Villagra de Gamundi 1984</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE83F1A9416FD773E0DFD11" author="Valdivia Villar, R. S." box="[1112,1356,712,738]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="283 - 297" refId="ref38937" refString="Valdivia Villar, R. S. (1988) Lista de Cladoceros dulceacuicolas del Peru. Amazoniana, 10, 283 - 297." type="journal article" year="1988">Valdivia Villar 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B30FFE83F1A9517FD773B92FCF9" author="Paggi, J. C." pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="107 - 113" refId="ref37086" refString="Paggi, J. C. (1993) Analisis preliminar de la distribucion geografica de los cladoceros sudamericanos. In: Boltovskoy, A. &amp; Lopez, H. L. (Eds), Conferencias de Limnologia. Instituto de Limnologia &quot; Dr. R. A. Ringuelet &quot;, La Plata. pp. 107 - 113." type="book chapter" year="1993">Paggi 1993</bibRefCitation>
) and North
<collectingCountry id="F3177651FFE83F1A912EFD4F3AE2FCF9" box="[352,419,752,778]" name="Chile" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Chile</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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