285 lines
25 KiB
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285 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5531/sd.sp.55" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7730159" checkinTime="1678711572948" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Herhold, Hollister W, Davis, Steven R, Degrey, Samuel P & Grimaldi, David A" docDate="2023" docId="038D8781FFFA2064FEFEFB10A144FC6F" docLanguage="en" docName="BAmMusNatHist.459.1-184.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 459 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/sd.sp.55" docStyle="DocumentStyle:915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6.8:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleId="915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Zygentoma" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="184" masterDocId="FFB4FFF9FFE42044FFFBFF9FA014F931" masterDocTitle="COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF THE INSECT TRACHEAL SYSTEM PART 1: INTRODUCTION, APTERYGOTES, PALEOPTERA, POLYNEOPTERA" masterLastPageNumber="184" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1678797745688" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF THE INSECT TRACHEAL SYSTEM PART 1: INTRODUCTION, APTERYGOTES, PALEOPTERA, POLYNEOPTERA</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Herhold, Hollister W</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Davis, Steven R</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Degrey, Samuel P</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Grimaldi, David A</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-03-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>459</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>184</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/sd.sp.55</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5531/sd.sp.55</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0003-0090</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7730159</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D8781FFFA2064FEFEFB10A144FC6F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D8781FFFA2064FEFEFB10A144FC6F" lastPageId="32" pageId="30">
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<subSubSection box="[261,483,1167,1191]" pageId="30" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[261,483,1167,1191]" box="[261,483,1167,1191]" pageId="30">
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<heading box="[261,483,1167,1191]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="30" reason="4">
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ORDER
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4C8" ID-ENA="30264" box="[346,483,1167,1191]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">ZYGENTOMA</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="32" pageId="30" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[108,637,1216,1737]" lastBlockId="30.[684,1213,984,1738]" pageId="30">
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There are very few micro-CT studies of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Zygentoma</taxonomicName>
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to date; most notably, synchrotron radiation micro-CT of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wygodzinsky" authorityYear="1961" box="[263,513,1282,1306]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidotrichidae" genus="Tricholepidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gertschi">
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<emphasis box="[263,513,1282,1306]" italics="true" pageId="30">Tricholepidion gertschi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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heads has been used to investigate
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<taxonomicName box="[374,495,1316,1340]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Zygentoma</taxonomicName>
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morphology for systematic study (
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<bibRefCitation author="Blanke, A. & M. Koch & B. Wipfler & F. Wilde & B. Misof" box="[337,539,1348,1373]" pageId="30" pagination="16 - 16" refId="ref53712" refString="Blanke, A., M. Koch, B. Wipfler, F. Wilde, and B. Misof. 2014. Head morphology of Tricholepidion gertschi indicates monophyletic Zygentoma. Frontiers in Zoology 11 (1): 16 - 16." type="journal article" year="2014">Blanke et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
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), but not tracheae. This genus is particularly significant given the disputed placements within and near
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<taxonomicName box="[108,231,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Zygentoma</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Engel, M. S." box="[251,388,1448,1472]" pageId="30" pagination="236 - 238" refId="ref54212" refString="Engel, M. S. 2006. A note on the relic silverfish Tricholepidion gertschi (Zygentoma). Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 109 (3 / 4): 236 - 238." type="journal article" year="2006">Engel, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Blanke, A. & M. Koch & B. Wipfler & F. Wilde & B. Misof" box="[404,625,1448,1472]" pageId="30" pagination="16 - 16" refId="ref53712" refString="Blanke, A., M. Koch, B. Wipfler, F. Wilde, and B. Misof. 2014. Head morphology of Tricholepidion gertschi indicates monophyletic Zygentoma. Frontiers in Zoology 11 (1): 16 - 16." type="journal article" year="2014">Blanke et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName box="[108,232,1481,1505]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Zygentoma</taxonomicName>
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are relevant in general as a sister group to the pterygotes, and indeed they share several tracheal synapomorphies. Three specimens from two orders were scanned here:
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Packard" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Thermobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="domestica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30">Thermobia domestica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="A D Sulc" authorityYear="1927" box="[344,575,1613,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Lepisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saccharinum">
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<emphasis box="[344,575,1613,1637]" italics="true" pageId="30">Lepisma saccharinum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[108,254,1646,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lepismatidae</taxonomicName>
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, and the relict silverfish
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wygodzinsky" authorityYear="1961" class="Insecta" family="Lepidotrichidae" genus="Tricholepidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gertschi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30">Tricholepidion gertschi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName box="[319,493,1679,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidotrichidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lepidotrichidae</taxonomicName>
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. Scan resolutions were within a 2.4 µm
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<superScript attach="left" box="[422,431,1710,1727]" fontSize="7" pageId="30">3</superScript>
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/voxel range, with
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<taxonomicName authorityName=", Snodgrass" authorityYear="1935" box="[684,772,987,1010]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Lepisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[684,772,987,1010]" italics="true" pageId="30">Lepisma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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at the highest resolution of 4.8 µm
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<superScript attach="left" box="[1139,1147,984,1001]" fontSize="7" pageId="30">3</superScript>
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/voxel and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bergroth" authorityYear="1890" box="[733,848,1019,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Thermobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[733,848,1019,1043]" italics="true" pageId="30">Thermobia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with the lowest resolution at 7.2 µm
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<superScript attach="right" box="[721,730,1050,1067]" fontSize="7" pageId="30">3</superScript>
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/voxel. Resolving the smallest tracheae at these resolutions tends to be more a function of specimen preservation rather than scanning parameters. Although the level of detail varies slightly between these scans, sufficient resolution was achieved to locate small visceral tracheae in all
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<specimenCount box="[724,913,1251,1275]" pageId="30" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
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, indicating suitability for comparative purposes. Although the zygentoman head morphology is similar among the specimens, in the sections below
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<taxonomicName box="[988,1159,1350,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidotrichidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lepidotrichidae</taxonomicName>
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thoracic and abdominal detail are described separately due to substantial differences.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="30.[684,1213,984,1738]" pageId="30">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wygodzinsky" authorityYear="1961" box="[716,873,1449,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidotrichidae" genus="Tricholepidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[716,873,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="30">Tricholepidion</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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appears to possess only two pairs of functional abdominal spiracles, A7-S and A8-S. The elongate, sinusoidal trunks beginning at A7-S and extending anteriorly to the thorax are not present in the two lepismatid specimens. If
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wygodzinsky" authorityYear="1961" box="[843,999,1615,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidotrichidae" genus="Tricholepidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[843,999,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="30">Tricholepidion</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is indeed basal to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[684,831,1648,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lepismatidae</taxonomicName>
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, it is possible that these trunks are plesiomorphic, and a loss of these tracheae in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bergroth" authorityYear="1890" box="[684,800,1714,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Thermobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[684,800,1714,1738]" italics="true" pageId="30">Thermobia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName=", Snodgrass" authorityYear="1935" box="[856,945,1715,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Lepisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[856,945,1715,1738]" italics="true" pageId="30">Lepisma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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could be derived.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7730189" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7730189" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7730189/files/figure.png" pageId="31" startId="31.[107,193,853,874]" targetBox="[247,1074,226,813]" targetPageId="31">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[107,1211,851,905]" pageId="31">
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FIGURE 11.
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Silvestri" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[235,528,851,875]" class="Insecta" family="Machilidae" genus="Trigoniophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Archaeognatha" pageId="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternatus">
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<emphasis box="[235,528,851,875]" italics="true" pageId="31">Trigoniophthalmus alternatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Borner" authorityYear="1904" box="[540,699,851,875]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Archaeognatha" pageId="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Archaeognatha</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Grassi" authorityYear="1888" box="[707,822,851,875]" class="Insecta" family="Machilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Archaeognatha" pageId="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Machilidae</taxonomicName>
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) abdominal tracheal detail, abdominal segment 1.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="31.[108,637,951,1736]" pageId="31">
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In both species scanned from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[484,632,951,975]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lepismatidae</taxonomicName>
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, leg tracheae branch from T2-S and T3-S in an arc leading posteriorly into the legs, each with a small branch extending dorsad. Here we interpret these as T2-AWL and T3-AWL, with T2-AWba and T3-AWba branching dorsad. An alternative pattern is to designate these dorsal branches as simply T2,3-L-DVi, but the similarity of the branching pattern with both apterous and winged taxa included herein (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="E.M.Walker" authorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Grylloblattidae" genus="Grylloblatta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Grylloblattodea" pageId="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31">Grylloblatta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) strongly suggests homology with these wing base tracheae;
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<bibRefCitation author="Sulc, K." box="[325,447,1315,1342]" pageId="31" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref58302" refString="Sulc, K. 1927. Vzdusnicova soustava lepismy (Thysanura) a puvid kridlateho hmyzu. Acta Societatis Scientiarum Naturalium Moravicae 4 (7): 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1927">Šulc (1927)</bibRefCitation>
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interpreted these as possible wing tracheae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="31.[108,637,951,1736]" pageId="31">
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DESCRIPTION: HEAD: H-DCT with two branches: H-Ft dorsal; H-Ant-Lbr anteriad and slightly ventral, dividing into H-Ant and H-Lbr close to base of antenna. H-VCT with three branches, dividing at approximately same location: small H-Lbm extends ventrally; H-Mx continues anteriorly before proceeding ventrad; larger H-OcMd extends anteriorly. H-VC absent in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wygodzinsky" authorityYear="1961" box="[531,635,1612,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidotrichidae" genus="Tricholepidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gertschi">
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<emphasis box="[531,635,1612,1636]" italics="true" pageId="31">T. gertschi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but present in both
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[313,451,1645,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lepismatidae</taxonomicName>
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. H-Oc branching dorsally, H-Md continues anteriorly and ventrad, following shape of mandibular sclerite.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="31.[684,1212,951,1736]" lastBlockId="32.[108,637,226,1374]" lastPageId="32" pageId="31">
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THORAX:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wygodzinsky" authorityYear="1961" box="[825,980,951,975]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidotrichidae" genus="Tricholepidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[825,980,951,975]" italics="true" pageId="31">Tricholepidion</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with significant differences among
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<taxonomicName box="[858,981,985,1009]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Zygentoma</taxonomicName>
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, notably T2-DLT and T3-DLT elongate, with dorsal visceral branches similar to T2-DB and T3-DB; a complete description of the thorax of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wygodzinsky" authorityYear="1961" box="[941,1098,1083,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidotrichidae" genus="Tricholepidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[941,1098,1083,1107]" italics="true" pageId="31">Tricholepidion</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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thorax is below. For both
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[871,1021,1116,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lepismatidae</taxonomicName>
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: T2-S with three branches: T2-CT, T2-AWL, and T2-VB. T2-CT very thick, running directly anteriad with T2-DB just anterior to T2-S; T2-CT dividing into H-DCT and H-VCT in prothorax. Thinner T2-AWL arcing posteriorly, slightly dorsad, with thin but prominent dorsad and posteriorly arcing T2-AWba. T2-ACx present with T2-VC, remainder of T2-AWL extending into midleg as T2-L. T2-DB dividing into T2-DLT, extending in posterior arc and T1-DLT, ending blind in prothorax. Small T1-Pn present just anterior of H-DCT/H-VCT split. T1-L branching ventrally from H-VCT; T1-L with T1-VC branch present; T1-ACx from T1-VC; T1-PCx from T1-L. Small T2-VB with T2-VB-Vi. T2-L two branches: prominent, dorsad and posteriorly arcing T2-L-DVi.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bergroth" authorityYear="1890" box="[745,863,1678,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Thermobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[745,863,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="31">Thermobia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with T2-PCx from T2-L, note that T2-PCx is from T2-VB in
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<taxonomicName authorityName=", Snodgrass" authorityYear="1935" box="[1032,1121,1712,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Lepisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1032,1121,1712,1735]" italics="true" pageId="31">Lepisma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. T2-VC with connection from T3-AsymC medially, originating from left side in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bergroth" authorityYear="1890" box="[366,482,259,283]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Thermobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[366,482,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="32">Thermobia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and right side in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="A D Sulc" authorityYear="1927" box="[143,315,292,316]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Lepisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saccharinum">
|
|
<emphasis box="[143,315,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="32">L. saccharinum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. T3-S with three branches: T3-DB, T3-AWL, and T3-VB. T3-DB directly dorsal with Y-shaped bifurcation to T2-DLT from anterior and T3-DLT toward A1-S. T3-AWL posteriad with T3-AWba, longer in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Snodgrass" authorityYear="1935" box="[108,197,458,481]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Lepisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[108,197,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="32">Lepisma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
than
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bergroth" authorityYear="1890" box="[264,380,457,481]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Thermobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[264,380,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="32">Thermobia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. T3-PCx from T3-L in
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Packard" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[108,245,490,514]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Thermobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="domestica">
|
|
<emphasis box="[108,245,490,514]" italics="true" pageId="32">T. domestica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, T3-VC in
|
|
<emphasis box="[378,552,490,514]" italics="true" pageId="32">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="A D Sulc" authorityYear="1927" box="[378,548,490,514]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Lepisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saccharinum">L. saccharinum</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
T3-VB ventral and slightly inward with AsymC from left side of
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Packard" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[185,318,556,580]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Thermobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="domestica">
|
|
<emphasis box="[185,318,556,580]" italics="true" pageId="32">T. domestica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, right side of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="A D Sulc" authorityYear="1927" box="[467,630,556,580]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Lepisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saccharinum">
|
|
<emphasis box="[467,630,556,580]" italics="true" pageId="32">L. saccharinum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, anteriad to connect with T2-VC.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="32.[108,637,226,1374]" pageId="32">
|
|
ABDOMEN:
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wygodzinsky" authorityYear="1961" box="[269,379,622,646]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidotrichidae" genus="Tricholepidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gertschi">
|
|
<emphasis box="[269,379,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="32">T. gertschi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
with significant differences to other
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[282,408,656,680]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Zygentoma</taxonomicName>
|
|
, including apparent lack of functional abdominal spiracles (except A7-S and A8-S), and a sinusoidal A7-VLT extending anteriorly over several segments; a complete description of abdomen is below. For
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[108,257,821,845]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lepismatidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
: A1..8-S present, all located laterally. A
|
|
<emphasis box="[181,195,855,878]" italics="true" pageId="32">n</emphasis>
|
|
-SB present for segments in middle of abdomen but variable; see detailed descriptions. A
|
|
<emphasis box="[127,141,921,944]" italics="true" pageId="32">n</emphasis>
|
|
-S (or A
|
|
<emphasis box="[232,246,921,944]" italics="true" pageId="32">n</emphasis>
|
|
-SB) with A
|
|
<emphasis box="[378,392,921,944]" italics="true" pageId="32">n</emphasis>
|
|
-DB and A
|
|
<emphasis box="[514,528,921,944]" italics="true" pageId="32">n</emphasis>
|
|
-VB present. A
|
|
<emphasis box="[182,196,954,977]" italics="true" pageId="32">n</emphasis>
|
|
-DB running dorsad, bifurcating into Y-shaped junction with A
|
|
<emphasis box="[406,420,987,1010]" italics="true" pageId="32">n</emphasis>
|
|
-DLT anteriad and posteriad; all abdominal segments connected via dorsal trunk. A
|
|
<emphasis box="[278,292,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="32">n</emphasis>
|
|
-VB running ventrad, connecting with opposite side via thin A
|
|
<emphasis box="[460,474,1086,1109]" italics="true" pageId="32">n</emphasis>
|
|
-VC; A1..7-VC present in
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Packard" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[228,363,1118,1142]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Thermobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="domestica">
|
|
<emphasis box="[228,363,1118,1142]" italics="true" pageId="32">T. domestica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, A4..7-VC not visible in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="A D Sulc" authorityYear="1927" box="[108,277,1151,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Lepisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saccharinum">
|
|
<emphasis box="[108,277,1151,1175]" italics="true" pageId="32">L. saccharinum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
scan but likely present; A8-VC absent. A
|
|
<emphasis box="[210,224,1185,1208]" italics="true" pageId="32">n</emphasis>
|
|
-DB-Vi and A
|
|
<emphasis box="[378,392,1185,1208]" italics="true" pageId="32">n</emphasis>
|
|
-VB-Vi numerous, see sections below for details. A8-DB and A8-VB large, curving medially before proceeding posteriad; A8-DB with A-TF and A-Cr in
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Packard" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[503,636,1284,1308]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Thermobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="domestica">
|
|
<emphasis box="[503,636,1284,1308]" italics="true" pageId="32">T. domestica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
but not visible in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="A D Sulc" authorityYear="1927" box="[298,461,1317,1341]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Lepisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saccharinum">
|
|
<emphasis box="[298,461,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="32">L. saccharinum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
scan (presence/ absence ambiguous).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |