398 lines
58 KiB
XML
398 lines
58 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="9CB68BBC5F6B0B1B8B99E9866C2BF5B1">Multigene phylogeny reveals the ribbed shell morphotypes in the land snail genus Sarika (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae), with description of two new species from Thailand and Myanmar</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D680362FFC0745BFC0596EFFC50" ID-CoL="7T3G4" authority="(Philippi, 1846)" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[98,450,925,952]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="theodori">
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<emphasis id="B958EAF90362FFC0745BFC05963EFC50" bold="true" box="[98,275,925,952]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">Sarika theodori</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B1A0362FFC0751BFC059696FC50" author="Philippi, R. A." box="[290,443,925,952]" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" pagination="191 - 192" refId="ref17502" refString="Philippi, R. A. (1846) Vier neue Konchylienarten. Zeit. Malakozool., 3, 191 - 192." type="journal article" year="1846">Philippi, 1846</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<paragraph id="8B9336EB0362FFC0745BFC5996B9FC33" blockId="17.[98,611,961,1491]" box="[98,404,961,988]" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13172A6E0362FFC07450FC59978FFC33" box="[105,162,961,987]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[99,166,977,998]" captionTargetBox="[193,1062,164,958]" captionTargetId="figure-233@3.[193,1062,164,958]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1 Geographic distribution of ribbed shell Sarika spp. based on the specimens examined herein. A) Distribution of S. theodori, S.costabilis sp.nov., and S. costata sp. nov. B) Distribution of S. siamensis. Black symbols indicate the DNA extracted specimens used in the molecular analysis; white symbols indicate shells or other preserved specimens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8348977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8348977/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">figs 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13172A6E0362FFC07495FC599797FC33" box="[172,186,961,987]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[100,167,1258,1279]" captionTargetBox="[193,1061,164,1238]" captionTargetId="figure-122@11.[193,1062,164,1239]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2 Bayesian inference tree based on a 1495 bp concatenated alignment dataset of COI + 16S + 28S genes. Numbers by the nodes are the Bayesian posterior probabilities (left) and ML bootstrap values (right); shown only for the nodes supported by BI ≥ 0.95 or ML ≥ 70%. Clade A consists of the S. resplendens-S. hainesi species groups.Clade B consists of the S.siamensis species group.Images of living snails are not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8348979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8348979/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13172A6E0362FFC074FDFC5997D2FC34" box="[196,255,961,988]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="18.[129,196,1226,1247]" captionTargetBox="[223,1092,164,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-164@18.[223,1092,164,1208]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 3 Shells of Sarika spp. A, B) S.theodori. A) Specimen NHMUK 1988.12.4.1514.B) Specimen CUMZ 7941.C, D) S.siamensis. C) Specimen CUMZ 7949.D) Specimen CUMZ 7950." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8348983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8348983/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">3A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13172A6E0362FFC07530FC599668FC34" box="[265,325,961,988]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[98,165,1350,1371]" captionTargetBox="[193,1062,164,1331]" captionTargetId="figure-86@19.[193,1062,164,1331]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4 Genitalia of Sarika spp.A, B) S. theodori, specimen CUMZ 7941.A) General view of the genital system. B) Internal structure of penis.C, D) S.siamensis, specimen CUMZ 7952.C) General view of the genital system.D) Internal structure of penis.Yellow arrow indicates the end of epiphallic caecum.White arrows indicate the end of penis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8348987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8348987/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">4A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13172A6E0362FFC07576FC599670FC34" box="[335,349,961,988]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="20.[129,196,1325,1346]" captionTargetBox="[223,1092,164,1306]" captionTargetId="figure-95@20.[223,1092,164,1306]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 5 Spermatophore of Sarika theodori, specimen CUMZ 7941.A) General view of spermatophore that was broken into two parts. B) Head filament. C–E) Tail filament.C) Three spines located close to the sperm sac. D) Region with and without branching spines.E) Branching spines on the tip region.Yellow arrow indicates the end of spines from the tip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8348991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8348991/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13172A6E0362FFC0755EFC5996A0FC33" box="[359,397,961,987]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="29.[98,165,1042,1063]" captionTargetBox="[193,1062,164,1023]" captionTargetId="figure-192@29.[193,1062,164,1023]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 11 Radula of Sarika spp. A) S.theodori specimen CUMZ 7942.B) S.siamensis specimen CUMZ 7951.C) S.costabilis sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7945. D) S. costata sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7947.Central tooth indicated by ‘C’ and blue colour; yellow colour indicates lateral teeth in the transition to marginal teeth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8349005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8349005/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">11A</figureCitation>
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)
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, 192.
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locality:
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<emphasis id="B958EAF90362FFC0745BFBED962EFB67" box="[98,259,1141,1167]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">Helix theodori</emphasis>
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:
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, 71.
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D10FA0362FFC074F6FB01953FFB5B" author="Hanley, S. & Theobald, W." box="[207,530,1177,1203]" page="27" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" year="1876">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B1A0362FFC074F6FB01953FFB5B" author="Hanley, S. & Theobald, W." box="[207,530,1177,1203]" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" refId="ref15679" refString="Hanley, S. & Theobald, W. (1876 [1870 - 1876]) Conchologica Indica: Illustrations of the Land and Freshwater Shells of British India. L. Reeve & Co, Covent Garden, London." type="book" year="1876">Hanley & Theobald, 1876: 27</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 59,
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<figureCitation id="13172A6E0362FFC0745BFB2597B6FB3F" box="[98,155,1213,1239]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="24.[129,196,1712,1733]" captionTargetBox="[223,1092,1183,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-387@24.[223,1092,1183,1693]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 7 Shell and body variation in Sarika siamensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8348995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8348995/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">figs 7</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13172A6E0362FFC0749FFB259798FB3F" box="[166,181,1213,1239]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="25.[97,164,1691,1712]" captionTargetBox="[193,1062,591,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-133@25.[193,1062,591,1673]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 8 Shells of Sarika spp.A, B) S. costabilis sp. nov.A) Holotype CUMZ 7943.B) Paratype CUMZ 7944.C, D) S. costata sp.nov.C) Holotype CUMZ 7946.D) Paratype CUMZ 7947." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8348999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8348999/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">8</figureCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D10FA0362FFC0745BFB7996E8FB13" author="Tryon" box="[98,453,1248,1275]" page="83" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" year="1886">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D680362FFC0745BFB7996E8FB13" ID-CoL="ceb2e762-683b-4c87-af78-84a508c8cc2e" authority=": Tryon, 1886: 83" authorityName="Tryon" authorityPageNumber="83" authorityYear="1886" box="[98,453,1248,1275]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Nanina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="theodori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAF90362FFC0745BFB799638FB12" box="[98,277,1248,1274]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">Nanina theodori</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B1A0362FFC07519FB7996E8FB13" author="Tryon" box="[288,453,1248,1275]" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" refId="ref18867" refString="Tryon. Jr G. W. (1886) Manual of Conchology, Structure and Systematic, with Illustrations of the Species, 2 nd Series, Volume 2. Academy of Natural Science Philadelphia, Philadelphia." type="book" year="1886">Tryon, 1886: 83</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 16, fig. 25.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336EB0362FFC0745BFA9C97A2FA8F" blockId="17.[98,611,961,1491]" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3C11C50362FFC0745BFA9C97A2FA8F" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D680362FFC0745BFA9C9573FAF7" ID-CoL="7T3G4" authority=": Godwin-Austen, 1907: 297" authorityName=": Godwin-Austen" authorityPageNumber="297" authorityYear="1907" box="[98,606,1284,1311]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="theodori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAF90362FFC0745BFA9C963EFAF6" box="[98,275,1284,1310]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">Sarika theodori</emphasis>
|
||
: Godwin-Austen, 1907: 297
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 298, pl. 129,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A6E0362FFC074D3FAB0964BFAAB" box="[234,358,1320,1347]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="18.[129,196,1226,1247]" captionTargetBox="[223,1092,164,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-164@18.[223,1092,164,1208]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 3 Shells of Sarika spp. A, B) S.theodori. A) Specimen NHMUK 1988.12.4.1514.B) Specimen CUMZ 7941.C, D) S.siamensis. C) Specimen CUMZ 7949.D) Specimen CUMZ 7950." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8348983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8348983/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">figs 3, 3a–c</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8D10FA0362FFC0754BFAB097A6FA8F" author="Godwin-Austen, H. H." page="582" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" year="1918">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B1A0362FFC0754BFAB097A6FA8F" author="Godwin-Austen, H. H." pageId="17" pageNumber="114" pagination="581 - 600" refId="ref15497" refString="Godwin-Austen, H. H. (1918). Zoological results of the Abor Expedition, 1911 - 1912. XLVIII. Mollusca, VIII. Macrochlamyinae (in part). Rec. Indian Mus., 8 (11), 581 - 600. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 11129127." type="journal article" year="1918">Godwin-Austen, 1918: 582</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336EB0362FFC0745BFAE89636FA3B" blockId="17.[98,611,961,1491]" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3C11C50362FFC0745BFAE89636FA3B" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8D10FA0362FFC0745BFAE8961EFA46" author="Blanford, W. T. & Godwin-Austen, H. H." page="292" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" year="1908">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D680362FFC0745BFAE8961EFA46" ID-CoL="8KSN2" authority=": Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908: 292" authorityName=": Blanford & Godwin-Austen" authorityPageNumber="292" authorityYear="1908" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Hemiplecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="theodori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAF90362FFC0745BFAE89660FA62" box="[98,333,1392,1418]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">Hemiplecta theodori</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B1A0362FFC0755CFAE8961EFA46" author="Blanford, W. T. & Godwin-Austen, H. H." pageId="17" pageNumber="114" refId="ref15040" refString="Blanford, W. T. & Godwin-Austen, H. H. (1908) The fauna of British India. Mollusca. Testacellidae and Zonitidae. In: C. T. Bingham (Ed) The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor and Francis, London. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 47068 # page / 5 / mode / 1 up." type="url" year="1908">Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908: 292</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 293.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8D10FA0362FFC07546FA0C97EFFA3A" author="Sutcharit, C. & Panha, S." page="138" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" year="2021">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B1A0362FFC07546FA0C97EFFA3A" author="Sutcharit, C. & Panha, S." pageId="17" pageNumber="114" pagination="101 - 154" refId="ref18564" refString="Sutcharit, C. & Panha, S. (2021) Systematic review of the dextral Hemiplecta Albers, 1850 (Eupulmonata, Ariophantidae) from Thailand with description of a new species and list of all the Indochinese species. ZooKeys, 1047, 101 - 154. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 1047.65735." type="journal article" year="2021">Sutcharit & Panha, 2021: 138</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 15c.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33665600362FFC4745BF998961FFAAB" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336EB0362FFC0745BF9989332FE91" blockId="17.[98,610,1536,1742]" lastBlockId="17.[645,1157,171,1742]" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAF90362FFC0745BF9989612F9F2" box="[98,319,1536,1562]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="549788490362FFC07573F99896ACF9F2" box="[330,385,1536,1562]" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material: the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549788490362FFC07609F998954CF9F2" box="[560,609,1536,1562]" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens could not be traced.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B443CB60362FFC075C1F9BC9790F942" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4411076316" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="Myanmar" location="Attaran Valley" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mon">
|
||
Non-type material:
|
||
<location id="8EF360300362FFC074F7F9D09643F98A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038587FD0362FFC4745BFC05961FFAAB:8EF360300362FFC074F7F9D09643F98A" box="[206,366,1608,1634]" country="Myanmar" name="Attaran Valley" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" stateProvince="Mon">Attaran Valley</location>
|
||
[Attaran River valley in Mawlamyine city,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E8F8090362FFC07563F9F496F8F96E" box="[346,469,1644,1670]" country="Myanmar" name="Mon" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">Mon State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B767B0362FFC075DCF9F3957AF96E" box="[485,599,1643,1670]" name="Myanmar" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
],
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3DAE2E0362FFC0745BF9089790F942" box="[98,189,1680,1706]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B443CB60362FFC074FFF91796CDF925" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4411076311" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="Tenasserim" country="Myanmar" location="Attaran Valley" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" specimenCode="NHMUK 1903.7" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mon">
|
||
1888.12.4.1518-19 (two shells).
|
||
<location id="8EF360300362FFC07635F9089788F925" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038587FD0362FFC4745BFC05961FFAAB:8EF360300362FFC07635F9089788F925" country="Myanmar" name="Attaran Valley" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" stateProvince="Mon">Attaran Valley</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D9533D0362FFC07496F92B961DF925" box="[175,304,1715,1741]" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">Tenasserim</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB8A9E900362FFC07502F92C96CDF925" box="[315,480,1715,1742]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" type="Museum">NHMUK 1903.7</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B443CB60362FFC075DDF92B94D6FF2E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4411076314" box="[484,1019,171,1741]" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="Mergui" country="Myanmar" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" specimenCode="NHMUK 1988.12" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mon">
|
||
1.1096 (one shell).
|
||
<collectorName id="26D9533D0362FFC076E3FF339400FF2D" box="[730,813,171,197]" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">Mergui</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB8A9E900362FFC0777BFF3494D6FF2E" box="[834,1019,171,198]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" type="Museum">NHMUK 1988.12</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B443CB60362FFC077C7FF339487FED9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4411076303" collectionCode="CUMZ" country="Myanmar" latitude="16.229668" location="Pathen Mountain" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="97.93897" municipality="Mawlamyine" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" specimenCode="CUMZ 7941" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mon">
|
||
4.1514 (one shell;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A6E0362FFC076FFFF57943DFF01" box="[710,784,207,233]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="18.[129,196,1226,1247]" captionTargetBox="[223,1092,164,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-164@18.[223,1092,164,1208]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 3 Shells of Sarika spp. A, B) S.theodori. A) Specimen NHMUK 1988.12.4.1514.B) Specimen CUMZ 7941.C, D) S.siamensis. C) Specimen CUMZ 7949.D) Specimen CUMZ 7950." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8348983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8348983/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="8EF360300362FFC0771BFF5794C4FF01" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038587FD0362FFC4745BFC05961FFAAB:8EF360300362FFC0771BFF5794C4FF01" box="[802,1001,207,233]" country="Myanmar" latitude="16.229668" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="97.93897" municipality="Mawlamyine" name="Pathen Mountain" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" stateProvince="Mon">Pathen Mountain</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF7AC910362FFC077CAFF5793A9FF01" box="[1011,1156,207,233]" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">Mawlamyine</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
city,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E8F8090362FFC076F4FF6C947BFEE5" box="[717,854,243,270]" country="Myanmar" name="Mon" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">Mon State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B767B0362FFC0774DFF6C94CCFEE6" box="[884,993,244,270]" name="Myanmar" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE18502C0362FFC077C6FF6B93A9FEE5" box="[1023,1156,243,269]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" precision="1" seconds="46.8" value="16.229668">16°13’46.8”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE18502C0362FFC076BCFE8F943FFEDA" box="[645,786,279,306]" degrees="97" direction="east" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" precision="1" seconds="20.3" value="97.93897">97°56’20.3”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB8A9E900362FFC0771DFE8F9487FED9" box="[804,938,279,305]" collectionCode="CUMZ" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/da58-p0xp" name="Cameroon University, Museum of Zoology" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">CUMZ 7941</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B443CB60362FFC07785FE8F9336FE91" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4411076301" collectionCode="CUMZ" country="Myanmar" latitude="16.286417" location="Pha Paung Cave" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="97.90181" municipality="Mawlamyine" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" specimenCode="CUMZ 7942" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mon">
|
||
<location id="8EF360300362FFC07785FE8F93ACFED9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038587FD0362FFC4745BFC05961FFAAB:8EF360300362FFC07785FE8F93ACFED9" box="[956,1153,279,306]" country="Myanmar" latitude="16.286417" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="97.90181" municipality="Mawlamyine" name="Pha Paung Cave" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" stateProvince="Mon">Pha Paung Cave</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF7AC910362FFC076BCFEA3943BFEBD" box="[645,790,315,341]" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">Mawlamyine</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
city,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E8F8090362FFC0774BFEA394D5FEBD" box="[882,1016,315,341]" country="Myanmar" name="Mon" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">Mon State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B767B0362FFC0702DFEA393ACFEBD" box="[1044,1153,315,341]" name="Myanmar" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE18502C0362FFC076BCFEC795D0FE91" box="[645,765,351,377]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" precision="1" seconds="11.1" value="16.286417">16°17’11.1”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE18502C0362FFC0773BFEC794BDFE92" box="[770,912,351,378]" degrees="97" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" precision="1" seconds="06.5" value="97.90181">97°54’06.5”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB8A9E900362FFC077A3FEC79336FE91" box="[922,1051,351,377]" collectionCode="CUMZ" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/da58-p0xp" name="Cameroon University, Museum of Zoology" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">CUMZ 7942</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336EB0362FFC0769DFE1C9466FCEC" blockId="17.[645,1157,171,1742]" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAF90362FFC0769DFE1C94EAFE75" box="[676,967,387,413]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">Diagnostic characteristics.</emphasis>
|
||
Shell depressed; body whorl obtusely angulated; shell ribbed with irregular-sized dash-shaped nodules arranged on radial ribs. Animal with four mantle edges. Genitalia with straight epiphallic caecum, large penial retractor muscle and cuboidal penial pilasters. Spermatophore: head filament with smooth longitudinal folds; tail filament bearing three spines near sperm sac and about two-thirds of its length with branching spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336EB0362FFC0769DFC9694E9FA46" blockId="17.[645,1157,171,1742]" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAF90362FFC0769DFC969458FCC0" box="[676,885,782,808]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">Description. Shell</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A6E0362FFC077AEFC96930AFCC0" box="[919,1063,782,808]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="18.[129,196,1226,1247]" captionTargetBox="[223,1092,164,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-164@18.[223,1092,164,1208]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 3 Shells of Sarika spp. A, B) S.theodori. A) Specimen NHMUK 1988.12.4.1514.B) Specimen CUMZ 7941.C, D) S.siamensis. C) Specimen CUMZ 7949.D) Specimen CUMZ 7950." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8348983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8348983/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Shell depressed, large (width up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD49B0E0362FFC077EAFCA9931FFCA4" box="[979,1074,817,844]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" unit="mm" value="32.5">32.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, height up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD49B0E0362FFC076EFFCCE941CFC98" box="[726,817,854,880]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.73" pageId="17" pageNumber="114" unit="mm" value="17.3">17.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and rather thin to slightly solid. Shell colour yellowish brown to brownish. Whorls 6–6½, increasing regularly. Embryonic shell nearly smooth with very weak radial wrinkles. Spire dome-shaped; apex slightly protruding; suture impressed. Body whorl large and slightly shouldered to obtusely angulated. Upper shell surface sculptured with distinct radial ribs, crossed by spiral lines and with series of irregular-sized dash-shaped nodules arranged on radial ribs, and then radial ribs gradually disappearing below periphery towards umbilicus. Aperture crescent-shaped, little descending, well oblique, and with simple margin. Columellar margin simple and slightly reflected near umbilicus. Umbilicus narrowly opened.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336EB0362FFC3769DFA2096A5F9F2" blockId="17.[645,1157,171,1742]" lastBlockId="18.[129,640,1320,1742]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAF90362FFC0769DFA209460FA3A" box="[676,845,1464,1490]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">Genital organs</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A6E0362FFC0775EFA2094F2FA3A" box="[871,991,1464,1490]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[98,165,1350,1371]" captionTargetBox="[193,1062,164,1331]" captionTargetId="figure-86@19.[193,1062,164,1331]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4 Genitalia of Sarika spp.A, B) S. theodori, specimen CUMZ 7941.A) General view of the genital system. B) Internal structure of penis.C, D) S.siamensis, specimen CUMZ 7952.C) General view of the genital system.D) Internal structure of penis.Yellow arrow indicates the end of epiphallic caecum.White arrows indicate the end of penis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8348987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8348987/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="114">fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Atrium (at) enlarged and very short. Penis (p) cylindrical, elongate, and with thin penial sheath covering penis near atrium. Inner surface sculptured, finely folded from atrium to middle of penis and then transformed to cuboidal penial pilasters (pp). Epiphallus (e) cylindrical, and slightly shorter than penis. Epiphallic caecum (ec) straight, smaller diameter than proximal epiphallus, and located at middle of epiphallus. Penial retractor muscle (prm) large, thickened and attached at tip of epiphallic caecum. Flagellum (fl) large, irregular slender, enlarged at the tip, and same length as epiphallus. Vas deferens (vd) thin tube.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5366630361FFC374B8FB52944CFB16" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8348983" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8348983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8348983/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="115" startId="18.[129,196,1226,1247]" targetBox="[223,1092,164,1208]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336EB0361FFC374B8FB52944CFB16" blockId="18.[129,1170,1226,1278]" pageId="18" pageNumber="115">
|
||
FIGURE 3 Shells of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D680361FFC37575FB5296E9FB08" box="[332,452,1226,1248]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="115" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undefined-a">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAF90361FFC37575FB5296A8FB37" box="[332,389,1226,1247]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="115">Sarika</emphasis>
|
||
spp. A
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D680361FFC375DCFB539569FB37" authorityName=": Blanford & Godwin-Austen" authorityYear="1908" box="[485,580,1226,1248]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Hemiplecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="115" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="theodori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAF90361FFC375DCFB539569FB37" box="[485,580,1226,1248]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="115">S. theodori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A) Specimen NHMUK 1988.12.4.1514. B) Specimen CUMZ 7941. C, D)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D680361FFC3752CFB7096ACFB15" box="[277,385,1256,1277]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="115" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="siamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAF90361FFC3752CFB7096ACFB15" box="[277,385,1256,1277]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="115">S. siamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. C) Specimen CUMZ 7949. D) Specimen CUMZ 7950.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336EB0361FFC374A6F9BC935BFA3A" blockId="18.[129,640,1320,1742]" lastBlockId="18.[676,1188,1320,1742]" pageId="18" pageNumber="115">Vagina (v) short cylindrical and about half of penis length. Dart apparatus (da) enlarged, cylindrical and joined to atrium at vaginapenis junction. Gametolytic sac (gs) elongate bulbous (containing one spermatophore inside); gametolytic duct (gd) enlarged cylindrical. Free oviduct (fo) enlarged cylindrical, slightly longer than vagina, and proximally encircled with brownish tissue. Oviduct large lobules; prostate gland running alongside oviduct.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336EB0361FFC276FBFA44957DF942" blockId="18.[676,1188,1320,1742]" lastBlockId="19.[98,610,1500,1706]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="18" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAF90361FFC376FBFA449446FA1E" box="[706,875,1500,1526]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="115">Spermatophore</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A6E0361FFC377B2FA4494E2FA1F" box="[907,975,1500,1527]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="20.[129,196,1325,1346]" captionTargetBox="[223,1092,164,1306]" captionTargetId="figure-95@20.[223,1092,164,1306]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 5 Spermatophore of Sarika theodori, specimen CUMZ 7941.A) General view of spermatophore that was broken into two parts. B) Head filament. C–E) Tail filament.C) Three spines located close to the sperm sac. D) Region with and without branching spines.E) Branching spines on the tip region.Yellow arrow indicates the end of spines from the tip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8348991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8348991/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="115">fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spermatophore long and needle-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A6E0361FFC377F0F9989335F9F3" box="[969,1048,1536,1563]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="20.[129,196,1325,1346]" captionTargetBox="[223,1092,164,1306]" captionTargetId="figure-95@20.[223,1092,164,1306]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 5 Spermatophore of Sarika theodori, specimen CUMZ 7941.A) General view of spermatophore that was broken into two parts. B) Head filament. C–E) Tail filament.C) Three spines located close to the sperm sac. D) Region with and without branching spines.E) Branching spines on the tip region.Yellow arrow indicates the end of spines from the tip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8348991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8348991/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="115">fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sperm sac (ss) enlarged and elongate oval. Head filament (hf) elongate with smooth longitudinal folds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A6E0361FFC376DEF9F3941DF96E" box="[743,816,1643,1670]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="20.[129,196,1325,1346]" captionTargetBox="[223,1092,164,1306]" captionTargetId="figure-95@20.[223,1092,164,1306]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 5 Spermatophore of Sarika theodori, specimen CUMZ 7941.A) General view of spermatophore that was broken into two parts. B) Head filament. C–E) Tail filament.C) Three spines located close to the sperm sac. D) Region with and without branching spines.E) Branching spines on the tip region.Yellow arrow indicates the end of spines from the tip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8348991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8348991/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="115">fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tail filament (tf) very long tube, and region close to sperm sac bearing three spines: spine I simple and very short; spine II longer than spine I with branching into small spinules; spine III longest with complicated branching into small spinules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A6E0360FFC27581F9BC952FF9D7" box="[440,514,1572,1599]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="20.[129,196,1325,1346]" captionTargetBox="[223,1092,164,1306]" captionTargetId="figure-95@20.[223,1092,164,1306]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 5 Spermatophore of Sarika theodori, specimen CUMZ 7941.A) General view of spermatophore that was broken into two parts. B) Head filament. C–E) Tail filament.C) Three spines located close to the sperm sac. D) Region with and without branching spines.E) Branching spines on the tip region.Yellow arrow indicates the end of spines from the tip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8348991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8348991/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="116">fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Region furthest away without spine; terminal part ca. two-thirds of its length with series of branching spines arranged in single row (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A6E0360FFC275E7F9179569F942" box="[478,580,1679,1706]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="20.[129,196,1325,1346]" captionTargetBox="[223,1092,164,1306]" captionTargetId="figure-95@20.[223,1092,164,1306]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 5 Spermatophore of Sarika theodori, specimen CUMZ 7941.A) General view of spermatophore that was broken into two parts. B) Head filament. C–E) Tail filament.C) Three spines located close to the sperm sac. D) Region with and without branching spines.E) Branching spines on the tip region.Yellow arrow indicates the end of spines from the tip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8348991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8348991/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="116">fig. 5D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5366630360FFC2745BFADE952AFA5C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8348987" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8348987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8348987/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="116" startId="19.[98,165,1350,1371]" targetBox="[193,1062,164,1331]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336EB0360FFC2745BFADE952AFA5C" blockId="19.[98,1142,1350,1460]" pageId="19" pageNumber="116">
|
||
FIGURE 4 Genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D680360FFC27575FADE96E9FAB3" box="[332,452,1350,1372]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="19" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undefined-a">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAF90360FFC27575FADE96A8FAB3" box="[332,389,1350,1371]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="116">Sarika</emphasis>
|
||
spp. A
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D680360FFC275DFFADF9568FAB3" authorityName=": Blanford & Godwin-Austen" authorityYear="1908" box="[486,581,1350,1372]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Hemiplecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="19" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="theodori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAF90360FFC275DFFADF9568FAB3" box="[486,581,1350,1372]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="116">S. theodori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimen CUMZ 7941. A) General view of the genital system. B) Internal structure of penis. C, D)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D680360FFC2761BFAFC95A0FA91" box="[546,653,1380,1401]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="19" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="siamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAF90360FFC2761BFAFC95A0FA91" box="[546,653,1380,1401]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="116">S. siamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimen CUMZ 7952. C) General view of the genital system. D) Internal structure of penis. Yellow arrow indicates the end of epiphallic caecum. White arrows indicate the end of penis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336EB0360FFC5769DFA4497E3F96E" blockId="19.[645,1157,1500,1706]" lastBlockId="20.[129,640,1500,1742]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="19" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D680360FFC2769DFA4495DEFA1E" box="[676,755,1500,1526]" class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Radula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Limida" pageId="19" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAF90360FFC2769DFA4495DEFA1E" box="[676,755,1500,1526]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="116">Radula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A6E0360FFC27730FA449474FA1E" box="[777,857,1500,1526]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="29.[98,165,1042,1063]" captionTargetBox="[193,1062,164,1023]" captionTargetId="figure-192@29.[193,1062,164,1023]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 11 Radula of Sarika spp. A) S.theodori specimen CUMZ 7942.B) S.siamensis specimen CUMZ 7951.C) S.costabilis sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7945. D) S. costata sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7947.Central tooth indicated by ‘C’ and blue colour; yellow colour indicates lateral teeth in the transition to marginal teeth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8349005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8349005/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="116">fig. 11A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Teeth arranged straight and with half row formula: 1–(16–17)–54. Central tooth symmetrical tricuspid with large mesocone and small ectocones. Lateral teeth asymmetrical tricuspid with large mesocone, and nearly absent to very small endocone and ectocone. Marginal teeth started around tooth number 16 or 17; inner teeth elongate bicuspid with lanceolate endocone and small ectocone; and outermost teeth gradually reduced in size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5366630367FFC574B8FAB59548FA73" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8348991" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8348991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8348991/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="117" startId="20.[129,196,1325,1346]" targetBox="[223,1092,164,1306]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336EB0367FFC574B8FAB59548FA73" blockId="20.[129,1184,1324,1435]" pageId="20" pageNumber="117">
|
||
FIGURE 5 Spermatophore of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D680367FFC5759CFAB59503FAAA" authorityName=": Godwin-Austen" authorityYear="1907" box="[421,558,1325,1346]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="20" pageNumber="117" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="theodori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAF90367FFC5759CFAB59503FAAA" box="[421,558,1325,1346]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="117">Sarika theodori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimen CUMZ 7941. A) General view of spermatophore that was broken into two parts. B) Head filament. C–E) Tail filament. C) Three spines located close to the sperm sac. D) Region with and without branching spines. E) Branching spines on the tip region. Yellow arrow indicates the end of spines from the tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336EB0367FFC574A6F9179496F926" blockId="20.[129,640,1500,1742]" lastBlockId="20.[676,1187,1500,1742]" pageId="20" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAF90367FFC574A6F9179671F942" box="[159,348,1679,1706]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="117">External features</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A6E0367FFC57553F9179689F942" box="[362,420,1679,1706]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[100,167,1258,1279]" captionTargetBox="[193,1061,164,1238]" captionTargetId="figure-122@11.[193,1062,164,1239]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2 Bayesian inference tree based on a 1495 bp concatenated alignment dataset of COI + 16S + 28S genes. Numbers by the nodes are the Bayesian posterior probabilities (left) and ML bootstrap values (right); shown only for the nodes supported by BI ≥ 0.95 or ML ≥ 70%. Clade A consists of the S. resplendens-S. hainesi species groups.Clade B consists of the S.siamensis species group.Images of living snails are not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8348979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8348979/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="117">fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Living snails with reticulated skin, dark grey to black eye stalks, and pale to dark grey body. Four well-developed mantle edges with pale creamy-grey to dark grey colour. Right shell lobe short and left shell lobe wanting. Dorsal lobes large and broad: anterior and posterior left dorsal lobes smaller than right dorsal lobe. Caudal fossa and caudal horn present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336EB0366FFC474B8FF33964DFE0D" blockId="21.[98,610,171,1347]" pageId="21" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAF90366FFC474B8FF339628FF2D" box="[129,261,171,197]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="118">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A6E0366FFC47521FF33967CFF2E" box="[280,337,171,198]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[99,166,977,998]" captionTargetBox="[193,1062,164,958]" captionTargetId="figure-233@3.[193,1062,164,958]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1 Geographic distribution of ribbed shell Sarika spp. based on the specimens examined herein. A) Distribution of S. theodori, S.costabilis sp.nov., and S. costata sp. nov. B) Distribution of S. siamensis. Black symbols indicate the DNA extracted specimens used in the molecular analysis; white symbols indicate shells or other preserved specimens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8348977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8348977/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="118">fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Based on our survey, this species has a narrow distribution with two populations being found on isolated limestone hills near Attaran River in Mawlamyine city,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E8F8090366FFC474A3FEA4963EFEBD" box="[154,275,315,342]" country="Myanmar" name="Mon" pageId="21" pageNumber="118">Mon State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B767B0366FFC4751BFEA496BDFEBE" box="[290,400,316,342]" name="Myanmar" pageId="21" pageNumber="118">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. According to the literature, this species was recorded from the top of Muleyit, Attaran Valley, and Mergui, Yanglaw, Tenasserim Valley (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B1A0366FFC475EBFE3F9679FE0D" author="Blanford, W. T. & Godwin-Austen, H. H." pageId="21" pageNumber="118" refId="ref15040" refString="Blanford, W. T. & Godwin-Austen, H. H. (1908) The fauna of British India. Mollusca. Testacellidae and Zonitidae. In: C. T. Bingham (Ed) The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor and Francis, London. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 47068 # page / 5 / mode / 1 up." type="url" year="1908">Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336EB0366FFC474B8FE77961FFAAB" blockId="21.[98,610,171,1347]" pageId="21" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAF90366FFC474B8FE7797CAFDE1" box="[129,231,495,521]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="118">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D680366FFC474D7FE779503FDE0" authority="Philippi, 1846" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1846" box="[238,558,494,521]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="theodori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAF90366FFC474D7FE7796A1FDE1" box="[238,396,495,521]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="118">Helix theodori</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B1A0366FFC475ACFE779503FDE0" author="Philippi, R. A." box="[405,558,494,521]" pageId="21" pageNumber="118" pagination="191 - 192" refId="ref17502" refString="Philippi, R. A. (1846) Vier neue Konchylienarten. Zeit. Malakozool., 3, 191 - 192." type="journal article" year="1846">Philippi, 1846</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was previously classified in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D680366FFC475DDFD8A954CFDC4" authorityName="Albers" authorityYear="1850" box="[484,609,530,556]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Hemiplecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAF90366FFC475DDFD8A954CFDC4" box="[484,609,530,556]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="118">Hemiplecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because the shell morphology has strong radial striae on the dorsal shell surface; however, its taxonomic position has been uncertain since the first examination of the genitalia was done by Godwin-Austen (1907) based on
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2AFD620366FFC474B4FD729611FCEC" box="[141,316,746,772]" pageId="21" pageNumber="118" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from the Attaran [
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E8F8090366FFC47610FD7297B3FCC0" country="Myanmar" name="Mon" pageId="21" pageNumber="118">Mon State</collectingRegion>
|
||
] (Godwin-Austen, 1907, 1918;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B1A0366FFC475DFFC969678FCA4" author="Blanford, W. T. & Godwin-Austen, H. H." pageId="21" pageNumber="118" refId="ref15040" refString="Blanford, W. T. & Godwin-Austen, H. H. (1908) The fauna of British India. Mollusca. Testacellidae and Zonitidae. In: C. T. Bingham (Ed) The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor and Francis, London. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 47068 # page / 5 / mode / 1 up." type="url" year="1908">Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Godwin-Austen (1907) reported that the genitalia of this species were similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D680366FFC47514FCE1965EFC7B" authorityName="Godwin-Austen" authorityYear="1907" box="[301,371,889,915]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAF90366FFC47514FCE1965EFC7B" box="[301,371,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="118">Sarika</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but its genitalia have no epiphallic caecum near the penial retractor muscle. In this study, however, we discovered that the genitalia of this species have a straight epiphallic caecum with thickened penial retractor muscle in which the diameter of penial retractor muscle is slightly smaller than the diameter of epiphallic caecum (yellow arrow in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A6E0366FFC47539FB019663FB5B" box="[256,334,1177,1203]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[98,165,1350,1371]" captionTargetBox="[193,1062,164,1331]" captionTargetId="figure-86@19.[193,1062,164,1331]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4 Genitalia of Sarika spp.A, B) S. theodori, specimen CUMZ 7941.A) General view of the genital system. B) Internal structure of penis.C, D) S.siamensis, specimen CUMZ 7952.C) General view of the genital system.D) Internal structure of penis.Yellow arrow indicates the end of epiphallic caecum.White arrows indicate the end of penis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8348987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8348987/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="118">fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Moreover, our phylogeny indicated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D680366FFC47500FB2596CEFB3F" authorityName=": Godwin-Austen" authorityYear="1907" box="[313,483,1213,1239]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="theodori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAF90366FFC47500FB2596CEFB3F" box="[313,483,1213,1239]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="118">Sarika theodori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is grouped with the three other ribbed shell species and other species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAF90366FFC47526FA9C9646FAF6" box="[287,363,1284,1310]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D680366FFC47526FA9C964AFAF6" authorityName="Godwin-Austen" authorityYear="1907" box="[287,359,1284,1310]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Sarika</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and not in a clade of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D680366FFC4745BFAB097F2FAAA" authorityName="Albers" authorityYear="1850" box="[98,223,1320,1346]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Hemiplecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="21" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAF90366FFC4745BFAB097F2FAAA" box="[98,223,1320,1346]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="118">Hemiplecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A6E0366FFC474D4FAB09608FAAB" box="[237,293,1320,1347]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[100,167,1258,1279]" captionTargetBox="[193,1061,164,1238]" captionTargetId="figure-122@11.[193,1062,164,1239]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2 Bayesian inference tree based on a 1495 bp concatenated alignment dataset of COI + 16S + 28S genes. Numbers by the nodes are the Bayesian posterior probabilities (left) and ML bootstrap values (right); shown only for the nodes supported by BI ≥ 0.95 or ML ≥ 70%. Clade A consists of the S. resplendens-S. hainesi species groups.Clade B consists of the S.siamensis species group.Images of living snails are not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8348979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8348979/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="118">fig. 2</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |