treatments-xml/data/03/85/87/038587C9744CAA0046D2FF11FAE0061D.xml

<document id="C714359B411E576E7725F779C4BF7E17" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1868.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5133591" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1627158332512" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Dennis, D. Steve, Barnes, Jeffrey K. &amp; Knutson, Lloyd" docDate="2008" docId="038587C9744CAA0046D2FF11FAE0061D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01868p098.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1868 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1868.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ceraturgus fasciatus Walker 1849" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="FFBCFFB1746FAA244645FFF3FFED074F" masterDocTitle="Pupal cases of Nearctic robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="98" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1699021410005" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="7ADE31365F0A86996D5C6A45A05CCE6B">Pupal cases of Nearctic robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="59A2F627BE1CA44A00CCDAA45BD1FCBC">Dennis, D. Steve</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="939149771C57182337D356AB3C3576F1">Barnes, Jeffrey K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="30E914D4EBF436277267E1A9DB5986F3">Knutson, Lloyd</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5C744CAA0746D2FF11FE1507B3" ID-CoL="87VP3" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1849" box="[151,504,226,252]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Ceraturgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
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<emphasis id="B958EACD744CAA0746D2FF11FE7F07B3" bold="true" box="[151,402,226,252]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ceraturgus fasciatus</emphasis>
Walker
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF744CAA0746D2FEF6FF100650" blockId="35.[151,504,226,287]" box="[151,253,261,287]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
(
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)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF744CAA0746D2FEA6FD7505C8" blockId="35.[151,1437,341,2007]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2E744CAA0746D2FEA6FEBD0620" author="Malloch, J. R." box="[151,336,341,367]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="161 - 409" refId="ref55167" refString="Malloch, J. R. (1917) A preliminary classification of Diptera, exclusive of Pupipara, based upon larval and pupal characters, with keys to imagines in certain families. Part 1. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, 12, 161 - 409." type="journal article" year="1917">Malloch (1917)</bibRefCitation>
figured and described the pupal case of 
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<emphasis id="B958EACD744CAA074501FEA6FBD70621" box="[836,1082,341,366]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ceraturgus fasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5C744CAA074237FEA6FAB50620" authority="(Say))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[1138,1368,341,367]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Ceraturgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciatus">
<emphasis id="B958EACD744CAA074237FEA6FAE80621" box="[1138,1285,341,366]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C. cruciatus</emphasis>
(Say))
</taxonomicName>
from specimens collected at Wolfville, 
<collectingRegion id="49E8F83D744CAA074463FE8EFD7506D8" box="[550,664,381,407]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Maryland</collectingRegion>
(? = Wolfsville, Frederick County, 
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). An adult emerged from one of his specimens, allowing for species identification. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2E744CAA074538FE56FBD406F0" author="Bromley, S. W." box="[893,1081,421,447]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref52059" refString="Bromley, S. W. (1946) Guide to the insects of Connecticut. Part VI. The Diptera or true flies of Connecticut. Third Fascicle. Asilidae. Bulletin of the Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin, 69, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1946">Bromley (1946)</bibRefCitation>
republished Malloch’s figure, but he did not describe the pupal case. The following description is based on a single case from the 
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Natural History Survey that is labeled &quot;Asilid pupa; Wolfville, Md.; My 14, 14; 
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<emphasis id="B958EACD744CAA07427FFE06FADF0541" box="[1082,1330,501,526]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ceraturgus cruciatus</emphasis>
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.” This is apparently one of the pupal cases that 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2E744CAA074416FDEEFCE70578" author="Malloch, J. R." box="[595,778,541,567]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="161 - 409" refId="ref55167" refString="Malloch, J. R. (1917) A preliminary classification of Diptera, exclusive of Pupipara, based upon larval and pupal characters, with keys to imagines in certain families. Part 1. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, 12, 161 - 409." type="journal article" year="1917">Malloch (1917)</bibRefCitation>
described. The specimen, which is preserved in alcohol, is severely wrinkled and in generally poor condition. It bears well developed ventral tubercles on abdominal segment 9 and is therefore probably a male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF744CAA074680FD66FB200400" blockId="35.[151,1437,341,2007]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2E744CAA074680FD66FE5405E0" author="Osten Sacken, C. R." box="[197,441,661,687]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 276" refId="ref55722" refString="Osten Sacken, C. R. (1878) Catalogue of the described Diptera of North America, second edition. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 270, 1 - 276." type="journal article" year="1878">Osten Sacken (1878)</bibRefCitation>
synonymized the eastern 
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<emphasis id="B958EACD744CAA0744A3FD66FC9D05E1" box="[742,880,661,686]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C. fasciatus</emphasis>
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with the midwestern 
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<emphasis id="B958EACD744CAA07422EFD66FB1705E1" box="[1131,1274,661,686]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C. cruciatus</emphasis>
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, and this synonymy was repeated by all subsequent authors. It is now clear that the 2 species are distinct (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2E744CAA0742B1FD4EFA7D0598" author="Barnes, J. K." box="[1268,1424,701,727]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref51818" refString="Barnes, J. K. (2008) Review of the genus Ceraturgus Wiedemann (Diptera: Asilidae) in North America north of Mexico. Zootaxa, 1766, 1 - 45." type="journal article" year="2008">Barnes 2008</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5C744CAA0746D2FD16FE6005B1" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1849" box="[151,397,741,766]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Ceraturgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis id="B958EACD744CAA0746D2FD16FE6005B1" box="[151,397,741,766]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ceraturgus fasciatus</emphasis>
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ranges from Ontario and New 
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south to North Carolina and west to Michigan and Mississippi. It is the most common North American species in a small genus of rare species. 
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<emphasis id="B958EACD744CAA074352FCFEFEE90401" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ceraturgus cruciatus</emphasis>
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ranges from Wisconsin south to Arkansas and west to the Dakotas and Oklahoma.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF744CAA074680FCAEFAEC0488" blockId="35.[151,1437,341,2007]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Redescription: Greatest length, including anterior antennal processes, 
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; greatest width of thorax 
<quantity id="4CD49B3A744CAA0746D2FC76FF1B04D0" box="[151,246,901,927]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
; greatest width of abdomen 
<quantity id="4CD49B3A744CAA07440EFC76FD4404D0" box="[587,681,901,927]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="5.1">5.1 mm</quantity>
, tapering to 3.0 mm at greatest width of abdominal segment 8. Integument subshining, pale golden brown; spines and other processes glistening reddish brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF744CAA074680FC26FCA803F8" blockId="35.[151,1437,341,2007]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Head with pair of dorsally flattened, ventrally wedge­shaped anterior antennal processes not joined at base and group of 6 apically round to acute, basally fused posterior antennal processes shorter than anterior antennal processes, located ventrolaterally on each side, reaching to anterior mesothoracic spines. Labral sheath swollen and smooth, lacking distinct keel. Palpal sheath small, distinct, pointing diagonally inward near apex of labral sheath. Proboscial sheath smooth, with small posterior tubercle. Maxillary sheath smooth to slightly rugulose, extending down half length of proboscial sheath.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF744CAA074680FB36FC2502E8" blockId="35.[151,1437,341,2007]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Anterior coxal sheath smooth to irregularly rugulose, with anterior, median, longitudinal split. Prothoracic spiracle oval, distinctly raised, dark brown, situated midlaterally at anterior margin of thorax. First anterior mesothoracic spine vestigial, represented by small, rounded tubercle; second anterior mesothoracic spine dark brown, stout, acuminate, situated between mid leg sheath and wing sheath. Posterior mesothoracic callosity rugose, carinate, lacking posterior mesothoracic spine. Wing sheath smooth, lacking distinct tubercles. Apex of hind leg sheath reaching posterior margin of abdominal segment 3.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF744CAA074680FA46FDB202B8" blockId="35.[151,1437,341,2007]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Abdominal spiracles reniform, distinctly raised above surface of integument, light yellowish brown on outer surface, darker around perimeter.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF744CAA074680F9F6FF180120" blockId="35.[151,1437,341,2007]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Abdominal segment 1 with dorsal transverse row of 13 spatulate, sometimes bifurcate, apically recurved spurs and vertical row of 2–3 lateral bristle­like spines behind spiracle; venter obscured by wing and leg sheaths.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF744CAA074680F98EFD5B0040" blockId="35.[151,1437,341,2007]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Segments 2–3 with dorsal transverse row of 13–15 alternating short, truncate, sometimes bifurcate spines and long, spatulate to acuminate spurs. Segments 4–6 with dorsal transverse row of 12–13 alternating short, acuminate spines and longer, acuminate spurs. Segment 7 with dorsal transverse row of 9 alternating short, acuminate spines and longer, acuminate spurs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF744CAA074680F8EEFD300010" blockId="35.[151,1437,341,2007]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Segments 2–3 lacking dorsolateral bristle­like spines. Segments 4–7 with 4–5 thin, acuminate dorsolateral bristle­like spines lateral to dorsal transverse row.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF744CAA074680F89EFB6B00C8" blockId="35.[151,1437,341,2007]" box="[197,1158,1901,1927]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Segments 2–7 with 4–5 acuminate, lateral bristle­like spines behind each spiracle.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF744CAA004680F866FBC207FD" blockId="35.[151,1437,341,2007]" lastBlockId="36.[151,1436,152,338]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Segments 1–4 lacking ventral bristle­like spines; segment 5 with row of 4 short, ventral bristle­like spines; segment 6 with row of 12 longer, ventral bristle­like spines divided by wide median space; segment 7 with row of 17 still longer ventral bristle­like spines divided by wide median space.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF744BAA004680FF33FB6F064D" blockId="36.[151,1436,152,338]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Segment 8 with row of 4 long, dorsal spurs or spines of unequal length on each side of midline, 8–9 long, lateral bristle­like spines, and about 12 ventral bristle­like spines; spiracle not visible.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF744BAA004680FEE3FAE0061D" blockId="36.[151,1436,152,338]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Segment 9 with pair of long, straight, spine­like dorsal posterolateral processes and pair of shorter, straight, spine­like ventral posterolateral processes; ventromedian tubercles diverging posteriorly.</paragraph>
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