512 lines
73 KiB
XML
512 lines
73 KiB
XML
<document id="7C0E5B05BBA65759B412B74EE70C74A2" ID-CLB-Dataset="30036" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2018.432" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0a955b0b-5832-4c6d-87c3-b71ed8d1e8cc" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1251596" ID-ZooBank="1E34BC5C-15E3-42C3-A655-68857B1B23A2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1527062573493" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rossini, Michele, Vaz-De, Fernando Z. & Zunino, Mario" docDate="2018" docId="038587C8B558FFB391CEFAABD14FFD8C" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-432_rossini_vaz-de-mello_nunino.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 432" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Onthophagus hircus Billberg 1815" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFBCFFB0B550FFB89173FFB8D51CF82E" masterDocTitle="Toward a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the “ hirculus ” group of American Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698545084862" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C6455CAB6BA891F20431412B506B6FD6">Toward a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the “ hirculus ” group of American Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3CE669F84793087D48815C253D82F0EE">Rossini, Michele</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DC1E2A9E4C7725AF797C64748FE563D3">Vaz-De, Fernando Z.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="7AFF9FCBC71BC9E538522F16A20C30A5" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6ABD3DF44D920D4BD9844A025A9FD2C2">Zunino, Mario</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BEB8EC6223FF6BBB1E05F2BEB8ED001B">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="130DB1D4A32E789E24BAFFF47EFBC920">
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<mods:date id="F14C239E9771A5C341CB480AAF96AFFA">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9410E506F8AD917C8AFCF0637DDB86F6">2018-05-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C0DC59216C60D4244E260DC283B72D4E">432</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="E588B3ADAE883509B7648DC98F65638A" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2018.432</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038587C8B558FFB391CEFAABD14FFD8C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5987429" ID-GBIF-Taxon="144072451" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5987429" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038587C8B558FFB391CEFAABD14FFD8C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038587C8B558FFB391CEFAABD14FFD8C" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="C3366555B558FFB091CEFAABD72FFD03" box="[189,563,1299,1326]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9336DEB558FFB091CEFAABD72FFD03" blockId="8.[189,563,1299,1326]" box="[189,563,1299,1326]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="D0DB81B2B558FFB091CEFAABD72FFD03" bold="true" box="[189,563,1299,1326]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB091CEFAABD72FFD03" bold="true" box="[189,563,1299,1326]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Taxonomy of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB558FFB090E6FAABD4FEFD00" ID-CoL="7XN3N" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1815" box="[405,482,1299,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hircus">
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<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB090E6FAABD4FEFD00" bold="true" box="[405,482,1299,1326]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">hircus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3366555B558FFB191CEFAFCD45EFC73" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9336DEB558FFB091CEFAFCD072FDDB" blockId="8.[189,1399,1348,1525]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">While informative morphological characters for taxonomic and phylogenetic purposes have been sought on several body parts of the beetles, including wings and mouthparts, the morpho-anatomical traits observed on the external body and genital organs revealed to be very useful in defining five speciescomplexes, whose taxonomy and geographical ranges are provided below (names, descriptions and illustrations of new species, as well as new synonymic notes will be provided in forthcoming articles):</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DEB558FFB09199F9A6D4F5FE16" blockId="8.[189,1399,1565,1742]" box="[234,489,1565,1592]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB09199F9A6D466FE19" box="[234,378,1565,1592]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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C
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<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB0918DF9A5D466FE19" bold="true" box="[254,378,1565,1591]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">urvicornis</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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complex
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DEB558FFB091CEF9FBD1BEFEE3" blockId="8.[189,1399,1565,1742]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB558FFB091CEF9FBD783FE73" authority="Latreille, 1809" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[189,671,1603,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvicornis">
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<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB091CEF9FBD4F5FE73" box="[189,489,1603,1629]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Onthophagus curvicornis</emphasis>
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Latreille, 1809
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB558FFB093DFF9FBD6AFFE70" authority="Say, 1835" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1835" box="[684,947,1603,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incensus">
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<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB093DFF9FBD629FE73" box="[684,821,1603,1629]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. incensus</emphasis>
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Say, 1835
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB558FFB092CCF9FBD1CCFE73" authority="Bates, 1886" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1886" box="[959,1232,1603,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidior">
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<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB092CCF9FBD120FE73" box="[959,1084,1603,1629]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. nitidior</emphasis>
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Bates, 1886
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB558FFB095AEF9FBD4CFFEAD" authority="Howden & Young, 1981" authorityName="Howden &Young" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stockwelli">
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<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB095AEF9FBD06AFE73" box="[1245,1398,1603,1629]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. stockwelli</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2FB558FFB091CEF9D0D4CFFEAD" author="Howden H. F. & Young O. P." box="[189,467,1640,1667]" journalOrPublisher="Contributions of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 204" part="18" refId="ref9123" refString="Howden H. F. & Young O. P. 1981. Panamanian Scarabaeinae: taxonomy, distribution and habits (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute 18 (1): 1 - 204." title="Panamanian Scarabaeinae: taxonomy, distribution and habits (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)" type="journal article" year="1981">Howden &Young, 1981</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB558FFB090AEF9D1D68DFEAC" authority="Howden & Cartwright, 1963" authorityName="Howden & Cartwright" authorityYear="1963" box="[477,913,1640,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batesi">
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<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB090AEF9D1D75FFEAC" box="[477,579,1640,1667]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. batesi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2FB558FFB09334F9D0D68DFEAC" author="Howden H. F. & Cartwright O. L." box="[583,913,1640,1667]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 133" part="114" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.114-3467.1" refId="ref9013" refString="Howden H. F. & Cartwright O. L. 1963. Scarab beetles of the genus Onthophagus Latreille north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 114 (3467): 1 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.114 - 3467.1" title="Scarab beetles of the genus Onthophagus Latreille north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)" type="journal article" year="1963">Howden &Cartwright, 1963</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB558FFB092E9F9D1D1DAFEAD" authority="Harold, 1875" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1875" box="[922,1222,1640,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janthinus">
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<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB092E9F9D1D134FEAC" box="[922,1064,1640,1667]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. janthinus</emphasis>
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Harold, 1875
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB558FFB095BCF9D1D446FE86" authority="Harold, 1880" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1880" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
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<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB095BCF9D1D06AFEAC" box="[1231,1398,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. acuminatus</emphasis>
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Harold, 1880
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB558FFB09014F936D76FFE86" authority="Harold, 1873" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1873" box="[359,627,1678,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
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<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB09014F936D4D2FE86" box="[359,462,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. tristis</emphasis>
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Harold, 1873
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB558FFB0930CF936D1C4FE86" authority="striatulus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1809)" authorityName="striatulus (Palisot de Beauvois" authorityYear="1809" box="[639,1240,1678,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="striatulus" subSpecies="striatulus">
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<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB0930CF936D694FE86" box="[639,904,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. striatulus striatulus</emphasis>
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(Palisot de Beauvois, 1809)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB558FFB09597F936D4EAFEE3" authority="Blatchley, 1928" authorityName="Blatchley" authorityYear="1928" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="striatulus" subSpecies="floridanus">
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<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB09597F936D428FEE3" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. striatulus floridanus</emphasis>
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Blatchley, 1928
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</taxonomicName>
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. Six new species have been identified within the complex.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DEB558FFB09199F94FD4B1FF3F" blockId="8.[189,1398,1783,1922]" box="[234,429,1783,1809]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="D0DB81B2B558FFB09199F94FD4B1FF3F" box="[234,429,1783,1809]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="2">
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||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB09199F94FD4B1FF3F" bold="true" box="[234,429,1783,1809]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB09199F94FD421FF3F" bold="true" box="[234,317,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hircus</emphasis>
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complex
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DEB558FFB091CEF8A5D010FFAF" blockId="8.[189,1398,1783,1922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB558FFB091CEF8A5D742FF19" authority="Billberg, 1815" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1815" box="[189,606,1820,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hircus">
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<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB091CEF8A5D4B7FF19" box="[189,427,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Onthophagus hircus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2FB558FFB090C0F8A4D742FF19" author="Billberg G. J." box="[435,606,1820,1847]" journalOrPublisher="Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="271 - 281" part="7" refId="ref8086" refString="Billberg G. J. 1815. Insecta ex ordine coleopterum descripta. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis 7: 271 - 281." title="Insecta ex ordine coleopterum descripta" type="journal article" year="1815">Billberg, 1815</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB558FFB09318F8A5D661FF19" authority="Erichson, 1847" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[619,893,1820,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ptox">
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<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB09318F8A5D7DEFF18" box="[619,706,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. ptox</emphasis>
|
||
Erichson, 1847
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB558FFB092F9F8A5D1D7FF18" authority="Blanchard, 1846" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1846" box="[906,1227,1820,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneus">
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||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB092F9F8A5D6E3FF18" box="[906,1023,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. aeneus</emphasis>
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Blanchard, 1846
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB558FFB095ABF8A5D475FF72" authority="Drapiez, 1819" authorityName="Drapiez" authorityYear="1819" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidentatus">
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<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB095ABF8A5D06AFF19" box="[1240,1398,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. bidentatus</emphasis>
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||
Drapiez, 1819
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB558FFB0900BF8FBD7FAFF72" authority="Harold, 1880" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1880" box="[376,742,1858,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginicollis">
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||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB0900BF8FBD726FF72" box="[376,570,1858,1885]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. marginicollis</emphasis>
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Harold, 1880
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||
</taxonomicName>
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,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB558FFB09386F8FBD121FF72" authority="Arrow, 1903" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1903" box="[757,1085,1858,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antillarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB09386F8FBD685FF72" box="[757,921,1858,1885]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. antillarum</emphasis>
|
||
Arrow, 1903
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB558FFB0953FF8FBD5E6FFAC" authority="Mannerheim, 1829" authorityName="Mannerheim" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB0953FF8FBD1D2FF72" box="[1100,1230,1858,1885]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. buculus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2FB558FFB095AAF8FAD5E6FFAC" author="Mannerheim C. G." journalOrPublisher="Nouveaux memoires de la Societe imperiale des naturalistes de Moscou" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="29 - 80" part="7" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103533#page/61/mode/1up" refId="ref9281" refString="Mannerheim C. G. 1829. Description de quarante nouvelles especes de scarabeides du Bresil avec figures. Nouveaux memoires de la Societe imperiale des naturalistes de Moscou 7 (1): 29 - 80. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 103533 # page / 61 / mode / 1 up [accessed 28 Mar. 2018]." title="Description de quarante nouvelles especes de scarabeides du Bresil avec figures" type="journal article" year="1829">Mannerheim, 1829</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB558FFB09075F8D0D751FFAC" authority="Arrow, 1913" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1913" box="[262,589,1895,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ranunculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB09075F8D0D4B2FFAF" box="[262,430,1895,1922]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. ranunculus</emphasis>
|
||
Arrow, 1913
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. At least five new species must be included in this complex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB558FFB09199F813D4A9FFEB" blockId="8.[189,1070,1963,2027]" box="[234,437,1963,1990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<heading id="D0DB81B2B558FFB09199F813D4A9FFEB" box="[234,437,1963,1990]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB09199F813D4A9FFEB" bold="true" box="[234,437,1963,1990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB09199F813D459FFE8" bold="true" box="[234,325,1963,1990]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ophion</emphasis>
|
||
complex
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB558FFB091CEF869D132FFC5" blockId="8.[189,1070,1963,2027]" box="[189,1070,2001,2027]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB558FFB091CEF869D768FFC5" authority=", Erichson, 1847" authorityName=", Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[189,628,2001,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB558FFB091CEF869D4A0FFC5" box="[189,444,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Onthophagus ophion,</emphasis>
|
||
Erichson, 1847
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and five new species to be described.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB559FFB19199FEB2D4DBF90B" blockId="9.[189,1399,266,439]" box="[234,455,266,293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<heading id="D0DB81B2B559FFB19199FEB2D4DBF90B" box="[234,455,266,293]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB19199FEB2D4DBF90B" bold="true" box="[234,455,266,293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB19199FEB2D44BF90B" bold="true" box="[234,343,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Osculatii</emphasis>
|
||
complex
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB559FFB191CEFE97D78CF999" blockId="9.[189,1399,266,439]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB559FFB191CEFE97D7EFF964" authority="Guerin-Meneville, 1855" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1855" box="[189,755,303,330]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osculatii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB191CEFE97D4D6F967" box="[189,458,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Onthophagus osculatii</emphasis>
|
||
Guérin-Méneville, 1855
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB559FFB19271FE88D134F967" authority="Bates, 1886" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1886" box="[770,1064,303,330]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nyctopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB19271FE88D68CF967" box="[770,912,304,330]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. nyctopus</emphasis>
|
||
Bates, 1886
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB559FFB19544FE88D06DF967" authority="Harold, 1880" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1880" box="[1079,1393,303,330]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steinheili">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB19544FE88D1D5F967" box="[1079,1225,303,330]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. steinheili</emphasis>
|
||
Harold, 1880
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB559FFB191CEFEECD781F940" authority="Howden & Young, 1981" authorityName="Howden & Young" authorityYear="1981" box="[189,669,340,366]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transisthmius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB191CEFEECD461F940" box="[189,381,340,366]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. transisthmius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2FB559FFB190F1FEECD781F940" author="Howden H. F. & Young O. P." box="[386,669,340,366]" journalOrPublisher="Contributions of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 204" part="18" refId="ref9123" refString="Howden H. F. & Young O. P. 1981. Panamanian Scarabaeinae: taxonomy, distribution and habits (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute 18 (1): 1 - 204." title="Panamanian Scarabaeinae: taxonomy, distribution and habits (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)" type="journal article" year="1981">Howden & Young, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB559FFB193DBFEECD1B8F940" authority="sensu Boucomont, 1932" authorityName="Boucomont" authorityYear="1932" box="[680,1188,340,366]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ophion" subSpecies="confusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB193DBFEECD6D1F940" box="[680,973,340,366]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. ophion confusus sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2FB559FFB192A0FEECD1B8F940" author="Boucomont A." box="[979,1188,340,366]" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe entomologique de France Paris" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="293 - 332" part="101" publicationUrl="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k54613496" refId="ref8232" refString="Boucomont A. 1932. Synopsis des Onthophagus d'Amerique du Sud (Col. Scarab). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France Paris 101 (4): 293 - 332. Available from http: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 54613496 [accessed 28 Mar. 2018]." title="Synopsis des Onthophagus d'Amerique du Sud (Col. Scarab)" type="journal article" year="1932">Boucomont, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB195C0FEEDD07AF940" box="[1203,1382,341,366]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">species propria</emphasis>
|
||
],
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB559FFB191CEFEC1D71AF9BD" authority="Boheman, 1858" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1858" box="[189,518,376,403]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB191CEFEC1D45AF9BC" box="[189,326,376,403]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. insularis</emphasis>
|
||
Boheman, 1858
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB559FFB19362FEC1D182F9BC" authority="Rossini, Vaz-de-Mello & Zunino, 2018" authorityName="Rossini" authorityYear="2018" box="[529,1182,376,403]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basicarinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB19362FEC1D7CFF9BC" box="[529,723,376,403]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. basicarinatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2FB559FFB193AAFEC0D182F9BC" author="Rossini M. & Vaz-de-Mello Z. F. & Zunino M." box="[729,1182,376,402]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="541 - 586" part="52" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2018.1437230" refId="ref10033" refString="Rossini M., Vaz-de-Mello Z. F. & Zunino M. 2018. A taxonomic revision of the New World Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) of the osculatii species-complex, with description of two new species from South America. Journal of Natural History 52 (9 - 10): 541 - 586. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2018.1437230" title="A taxonomic revision of the New World Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) of the osculatii species-complex, with description of two new species from South America" type="journal article" year="2018">Rossini, Vaz-de-Mello & Zunino, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB559FFB195A0FEC1D797F999" authority="Rossini, Vaz-de-Mello & Zunino, 2018" authorityName="Rossini" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chacoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB195A0FEC1D06BF9BC" box="[1235,1399,376,403]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. chacoensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2FB559FFB191CEFE24D797F999" author="Rossini M. & Vaz-de-Mello Z. F. & Zunino M." box="[189,651,412,439]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="541 - 586" part="52" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2018.1437230" refId="ref10033" refString="Rossini M., Vaz-de-Mello Z. F. & Zunino M. 2018. A taxonomic revision of the New World Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) of the osculatii species-complex, with description of two new species from South America. Journal of Natural History 52 (9 - 10): 541 - 586. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2018.1437230" title="A taxonomic revision of the New World Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) of the osculatii species-complex, with description of two new species from South America" type="journal article" year="2018">Rossini, Vaz-de-Mello & Zunino, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB559FFB19199FE67D4FAF9D7" blockId="9.[189,1398,479,579]" box="[234,486,479,506]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<heading id="D0DB81B2B559FFB19199FE67D4FAF9D7" box="[234,486,479,506]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB19199FE67D4FAF9D7" bold="true" box="[234,486,479,506]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB19199FE67D46AF9D4" bold="true" box="[234,374,479,506]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rubrescens</emphasis>
|
||
complex
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB559FFB191CEFDBCD6A4FA6C" blockId="9.[189,1398,479,579]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB559FFB191CEFDBCD7B3FA33" authority="Blanchard, 1846" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1846" box="[189,687,515,542]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB191CEFDBCD4FFFA30" box="[189,483,516,542]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Onthophagus rubrescens</emphasis>
|
||
Blanchard, 1846
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB559FFB193CFFDBCD108FA30" authority="Harold, 1875" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1875" box="[700,1044,515,542]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB193CFFDBCD673FA30" box="[700,879,516,542]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. haematopus</emphasis>
|
||
Harold, 1875
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB559FFB19552FDBCD5E7FA6C" authority="Zunino & Halffter, 1997" authorityName="Zunino & Halffter" authorityYear="1997" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onorei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB19552FDBCD18DFA33" box="[1057,1169,516,542]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. onorei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2FB559FFB195EAFDBCD5E7FA6C" author="Zunino M. & Halffter G." journalOrPublisher="Elytron" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="157 - 178" part="11" refId="ref11176" refString="Zunino M. & Halffter G. 1997. Sobre Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 Americanos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Elytron 11: 157 - 178." title="Sobre Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 Americanos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)" type="journal article" year="1997">Zunino & Halffter, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. At least four new species must be included in this complex
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB559FFB191CEFDD3D433FAAB" blockId="9.[189,303,619,645]" box="[189,303,619,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<heading id="D0DB81B2B559FFB191CEFDD3D433FAAB" bold="true" box="[189,303,619,645]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB191CEFDD3D433FAAB" bold="true" box="[189,303,619,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB559FFB191CEFD22D06BFAF7" blockId="9.[189,1399,666,730]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
The publication dates of the species authored by Blanchard (i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB559FFB192ABFD23D14DFA9A" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1846" box="[984,1105,667,693]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB192ABFD23D14DFA9A" box="[984,1105,667,693]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. aeneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB559FFB195E2FD23D024FA9A" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1846" box="[1169,1336,666,693]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB195E2FD23D024FA9A" box="[1169,1336,666,693]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. rubrescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and Latreille (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB559FFB19043FD07D4C5FAF7" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[304,473,703,729]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB19043FD07D4C5FAF7" box="[304,473,703,729]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. curvicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are corrected according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2FB559FFB19268FD07D6C1FAF7" author="Evenhuis N. L." box="[795,989,703,729]" journalOrPublisher="Volumes I - II. Backhuys, Leiden, The Netherlands" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1758 - 1930" refId="ref8613" refString="Evenhuis N. L. 1997. Litteratura taxonomica dipterorum (1758 - 1930). Volumes I - II. Backhuys, Leiden, The Netherlands." title="Litteratura taxonomica dipterorum" type="book chapter" year="1997">Evenhuis (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2FB559FFB19560FD07D1C4FAF4" author="Bousquet Y." box="[1043,1240,703,730]" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 776" part="583" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.583.7084" refId="ref8327" refString="Bousquet Y. 2016. Litteratura Coleopterologica (1758 - 1900): a guide to selected books related to the taxonomy of Coleoptera with publication dates and notes. Zookeys 583: 1 - 776. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 583.7084" title="Litteratura Coleopterologica (1758 - 1900): a guide to selected books related to the taxonomy of Coleoptera with publication dates and notes" type="journal article" year="2016">Bousquet (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB559FFB191CEFCB9D79BFBA7" blockId="9.[189,1399,769,905]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Unlike
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2FB559FFB1906AFCB9D744FB32" author="Zunino M. & Halffter G." box="[281,600,769,796]" journalOrPublisher="Elytron" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="157 - 178" part="11" refId="ref11176" refString="Zunino M. & Halffter G. 1997. Sobre Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 Americanos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Elytron 11: 157 - 178." title="Sobre Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 Americanos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)" type="journal article" year="1997">Zunino & Halffter (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, we did not include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB559FFB1922DFCBAD192FB35" authority="Harold, 1869" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1869" box="[862,1166,769,796]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB1922DFCBAD6FDFB35" box="[862,993,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. crinitus</emphasis>
|
||
Harold, 1869
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB559FFB191CEFC9ED740FB6E" authority="Bates, 1886" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1886" box="[189,604,806,832]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="crinitus" subSpecies="panamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB191CEFC9ED4D7FB6E" box="[189,459,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. crinitus panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
Bates, 1886
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB559FFB193D9FC9ED7EEFB6E" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1815" box="[682,754,806,832]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hircus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB193D9FC9ED7EEFB6E" box="[682,754,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">hircus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, as their external morphology and genital organs lead us to consider them to be related to the species of the
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB192F6FCF2D6E0FB4A" box="[901,1020,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">gazellinus</emphasis>
|
||
group (comments based on the ongoing revision of the species group).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB559FFB191CEFC09D45EFC73" blockId="9.[189,1399,945,1117]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB559FFB19013FC0AD7DAFBE5" authority="Paulian, 1936" authorityName="Paulian" authorityYear="1936" box="[352,710,945,972]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="embrikianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB19013FC0AD70BFBE5" box="[352,535,945,972]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. embrikianus</emphasis>
|
||
Paulian, 1936
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB559FFB193A7FC0AD13EFBE2" authority="Balthasar, 1939" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1939" box="[724,1058,945,972]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nabeleki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB193A7FC0AD641FBE5" box="[724,861,945,972]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. nabeleki</emphasis>
|
||
Balthasar, 1939
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB559FFB19543FC0AD06BFBE5" authority="Paulian, 1936" authorityName="Paulian" authorityYear="1936" box="[1072,1399,945,972]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schunckei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB19543FC0AD1D6FBE5" box="[1072,1226,945,972]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. schunckei</emphasis>
|
||
Paulian, 1936
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB559FFB1919DFC6ED745FBDE" authority="Paulian, 1936" authorityName="Paulian" authorityYear="1936" box="[238,601,982,1008]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catharinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB1919DFC6ED4B3FBDE" box="[238,431,982,1008]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. catharinensis</emphasis>
|
||
Paulian, 1936
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which were considered valid species names within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB559FFB19590FC6ED037FBDE" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1815" box="[1251,1323,982,1008]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hircus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB19590FC6ED037FBDE" box="[1251,1323,982,1008]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">hircus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2FB559FFB19196FC42D701FC3A" author="Zunino M. & Halffter G." box="[229,541,1018,1044]" journalOrPublisher="Elytron" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="157 - 178" part="11" refId="ref11176" refString="Zunino M. & Halffter G. 1997. Sobre Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 Americanos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Elytron 11: 157 - 178." title="Sobre Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 Americanos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)" type="journal article" year="1997">Zunino & Halffter (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, are here considered to be junior synonyms of species assigned to this group. These synonymies will be properly discussed throughout the taxonomic revision of the speciescomplexes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3366555B559FFB391CEFB3ED06AFC8F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB559FFB191CEFB3ED6DEFC8E" blockId="9.[189,962,1157,1184]" box="[189,962,1157,1184]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<heading id="D0DB81B2B559FFB191CEFB3ED6DEFC8E" bold="true" box="[189,962,1157,1184]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB191CEFB3ED6DEFC8E" bold="true" box="[189,962,1157,1184]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Identification key to the species-complexes of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB559FFB19257FB3DD66DFC8E" ID-CoL="7XN3N" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1815" box="[804,881,1157,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hircus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB19257FB3DD66DFC8E" bold="true" box="[804,881,1157,1184]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">hircus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB559FFB191CEFB0ED06AFD84" blockId="9.[189,1399,1205,1670]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
1. Foretibia of male very slender and elongated, apical and internal margin with a distinct and acuminate tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A5BB559FFB190BBFB62D72CFCDA" box="[456,560,1242,1268]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1789,1815]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,343,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1398,334,1754]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. A. Protibial apical tooth acuminate. B. Protibial apical tooth obtuse. C. Details of the elytral interstriae of Onthophagus marginicollis Harold, 1880 (hircus complex). D–E. Detail of the elytral paler spots. F. Pronotal sulcus of O. haematopus Harold, 1875 (rubrescens complex). G. Detail of the basal carina of the cephalic horns. H. Shape of the clypeus and lateral margin of pronotum of a species of the ophion complex. I. Right antenna of species of the ophion complex. J. Right antenna of species of the osculatii complex. K. Detail of the metasternal punctuation of a species of the osculatii complex. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1251602/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). If foretibia of male lacks a distinct apical tooth, then cephalic horns short, triangular and placed in the midline of the eyes (Costa Rica), body metallic blue (southeastern Brazil) or covered by long and dense hairs (southeastern Brazil to Uruguay). Pronotal punctures either simple or associated with small granules (one species and its subspecies from USA). From northern USA to northern Peru (through northern Venezuela), two species from southeastern Brazil to northern Uruguay ………
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB559FFB19502FA28D1E6FD84" ID-CoL="7XMPH" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[1137,1274,1424,1450]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB19502FA28D1E6FD84" bold="true" box="[1137,1274,1424,1450]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">curvicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB559FFB191B2FA0DD06AFEAB" blockId="9.[189,1399,1205,1670]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
– Foretibia of male not very elongated, apical and internal tooth obtuse to obsolete (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A5BB559FFB19476FA0CD074FDE1" box="[1285,1384,1460,1487]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1789,1815]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,343,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1398,334,1754]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. A. Protibial apical tooth acuminate. B. Protibial apical tooth obtuse. C. Details of the elytral interstriae of Onthophagus marginicollis Harold, 1880 (hircus complex). D–E. Detail of the elytral paler spots. F. Pronotal sulcus of O. haematopus Harold, 1875 (rubrescens complex). G. Detail of the basal carina of the cephalic horns. H. Shape of the clypeus and lateral margin of pronotum of a species of the ophion complex. I. Right antenna of species of the ophion complex. J. Right antenna of species of the osculatii complex. K. Detail of the metasternal punctuation of a species of the osculatii complex. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1251602/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). If foretibia of male very slender and with apical tooth acuminated, then cephalic horns strongly curved and embracing pronotal protuberance, always placed near the posterior side of the eyes (one species from Ecuador and Peru). Body neither metallic blue nor covered by long hairs. Body simply punctuated, granulated or with asperous punctures. From Central (Costa Rica) to South America, including Lesser Antilles …………………2
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB559FFB191CEF915D06AFF77" blockId="9.[189,1399,1709,2027]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
2. At least apex of elytra with granulose to asperous punctures associated with short and straight setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A5BB559FFB1904FF96AD483FEC2" box="[316,415,1746,1772]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1789,1815]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,343,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1398,334,1754]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. A. Protibial apical tooth acuminate. B. Protibial apical tooth obtuse. C. Details of the elytral interstriae of Onthophagus marginicollis Harold, 1880 (hircus complex). D–E. Detail of the elytral paler spots. F. Pronotal sulcus of O. haematopus Harold, 1875 (rubrescens complex). G. Detail of the basal carina of the cephalic horns. H. Shape of the clypeus and lateral margin of pronotum of a species of the ophion complex. I. Right antenna of species of the ophion complex. J. Right antenna of species of the osculatii complex. K. Detail of the metasternal punctuation of a species of the osculatii complex. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1251602/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). If elytral interstriae devoid of any granules, then male with a central carina between cephalic horns (one species from Peru and Bolivia). Elytra either single-coloured (black, testaceous, dark brown, dark green) or odd interstriae clearly darker (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A5BB559FFB19544F8A2D18BFF1B" box="[1079,1175,1818,1845]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1789,1815]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,343,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1398,334,1754]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. A. Protibial apical tooth acuminate. B. Protibial apical tooth obtuse. C. Details of the elytral interstriae of Onthophagus marginicollis Harold, 1880 (hircus complex). D–E. Detail of the elytral paler spots. F. Pronotal sulcus of O. haematopus Harold, 1875 (rubrescens complex). G. Detail of the basal carina of the cephalic horns. H. Shape of the clypeus and lateral margin of pronotum of a species of the ophion complex. I. Right antenna of species of the ophion complex. J. Right antenna of species of the osculatii complex. K. Detail of the metasternal punctuation of a species of the osculatii complex. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1251602/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elytral tegument opaque to very weakly shining. From Panama to central Argentina ………………
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB559FFB195CFF887D015FF74" ID-CoL="7XN3N" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1815" box="[1212,1289,1855,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hircus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB559FFB195CFF887D015FF74" bold="true" box="[1212,1289,1855,1882]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">hircus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB559FFB191B2F8DCD06AFFC5" blockId="9.[189,1399,1709,2027]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
– Elytra without granules or asperous punctures, conspicuous setae – when present – only associated with the punctures of lateral interstriae (VI–VII). Cephalic horns of male not connected by a central carina. Elytral interstriae never with alternate colours, either evenly coloured or disc clearly lighter than borders, some species with paler to reddish spots at the base and apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A5BB559FFB195F3F869D1E2FFC5" box="[1152,1278,2001,2027]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1789,1815]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,343,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1398,334,1754]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. A. Protibial apical tooth acuminate. B. Protibial apical tooth obtuse. C. Details of the elytral interstriae of Onthophagus marginicollis Harold, 1880 (hircus complex). D–E. Detail of the elytral paler spots. F. Pronotal sulcus of O. haematopus Harold, 1875 (rubrescens complex). G. Detail of the basal carina of the cephalic horns. H. Shape of the clypeus and lateral margin of pronotum of a species of the ophion complex. I. Right antenna of species of the ophion complex. J. Right antenna of species of the osculatii complex. K. Detail of the metasternal punctuation of a species of the osculatii complex. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1251602/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3D–E</figureCitation>
|
||
) ………3
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF536656B55AFFB291CEF945D455FFC5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1251602/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[189,232,1789,1815]" targetBox="[193,1398,343,1750]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB55AFFB291CEF945D455FFC5" blockId="10.[189,1399,1789,2027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB55AFFB291CEF945D437FF39" bold="true" box="[189,299,1789,1815]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3. A</emphasis>
|
||
. Protibial apical tooth acuminate.
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB55AFFB293BEF945D7FDFF39" bold="true" box="[717,737,1789,1815]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Protibial apical tooth obtuse.
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB55AFFB29524F945D170FF39" bold="true" box="[1111,1132,1789,1815]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Details of the elytral interstriae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB55AFFB29024F898D62AFF15" ID-CoL="7XNH8" authority="Harold, 1880" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1880" box="[343,822,1824,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB55AFFB29024F898D78AFF14" box="[343,662,1824,1850]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Onthophagus marginicollis</emphasis>
|
||
Harold, 1880
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB55AFFB29235F898D692FF14" ID-CoL="7XN3N" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1815" box="[838,910,1824,1850]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hircus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB55AFFB29235F898D692FF14" box="[838,910,1824,1850]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">hircus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex).
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB55AFFB29563F899D15BFF15" bold="true" box="[1040,1095,1825,1851]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">D–E</emphasis>
|
||
. Detail of the elytral paler spots.
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB55AFFB2907AF8FCD407FF70" bold="true" box="[265,283,1860,1886]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Pronotal sulcus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB55AFFB2937BF8FCD643FF70" ID-CoL="7XN2T" authority="Harold, 1875" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1875" box="[520,863,1859,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB55AFFB2937BF8FCD7A7FF70" box="[520,699,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. haematopus</emphasis>
|
||
Harold, 1875
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB55AFFB29202F8FCD6EDFF70" ID-CoL="7XP3R" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1846" box="[881,1009,1860,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB55AFFB29202F8FCD6EDFF70" box="[881,1009,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">rubrescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex).
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB55AFFB29504F8FBD192FF73" bold="true" box="[1143,1166,1859,1885]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Detail of the basal carina of the cephalic horns.
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB55AFFB2937CF8DFD73AFFAF" bold="true" box="[527,550,1895,1921]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Shape of the clypeus and lateral margin of pronotum of a species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB55AFFB291CEF832D412FF8A" ID-CoL="7XNR6" authorityName=", Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[189,270,1930,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB55AFFB291CEF832D412FF8A" box="[189,270,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ophion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex.
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB55AFFB290F8F832D48AFF8A" bold="true" box="[395,406,1930,1956]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Right antenna of species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB55AFFB2926FF832D671FF8A" ID-CoL="7XNR6" authorityName=", Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[796,877,1930,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB55AFFB2926FF832D671FF8A" box="[796,877,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ophion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex.
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB55AFFB29299F832D6E5FF8A" bold="true" box="[1002,1017,1930,1956]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">J</emphasis>
|
||
. Right antenna of species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB55AFFB291CEF815D43EFFE9" ID-CoL="7XNRQ" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1855" box="[189,290,1965,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osculatii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB55AFFB291CEF815D43EFFE9" box="[189,290,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">osculatii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex.
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB55AFFB290EEF815D4A8FFE9" bold="true" box="[413,436,1965,1991]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">K</emphasis>
|
||
. Detail of the metasternal punctuation of a species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB55AFFB29524F815D1A0FFE9" ID-CoL="7XNRQ" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1855" box="[1111,1212,1965,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osculatii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB55AFFB29524F815D1A0FFE9" box="[1111,1212,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">osculatii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex. Scale bars: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB55BFFB391CEFEB3D06AFA0F" blockId="11.[189,1399,267,689]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
3. Clypeus of male always triangular and elongated forward, clypeal margin truncated to narrowly rounded at middle, cephalic horns simple, straight and slightly bowed forward or feebly curved inward. Pronotum always with a longitudinal and distinct sulcus at least on the posteromedial region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A5BB55BFFB3908AFECFD74AF9BF" box="[505,598,375,401]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1789,1815]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,343,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1398,334,1754]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. A. Protibial apical tooth acuminate. B. Protibial apical tooth obtuse. C. Details of the elytral interstriae of Onthophagus marginicollis Harold, 1880 (hircus complex). D–E. Detail of the elytral paler spots. F. Pronotal sulcus of O. haematopus Harold, 1875 (rubrescens complex). G. Detail of the basal carina of the cephalic horns. H. Shape of the clypeus and lateral margin of pronotum of a species of the ophion complex. I. Right antenna of species of the ophion complex. J. Right antenna of species of the osculatii complex. K. Detail of the metasternal punctuation of a species of the osculatii complex. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1251602/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elytra shining, one species with discal interstriae (I–III) slightly opaque (Peru). Small to medium-sized species (body length 4–7 mm). Body reddish brown to black with reddish spots on the humeral umbones, or pronotum metallic dark-green and elytra black to testaceous on the disc and darker at the borders. From northern South America (Colombia, Venezuela and Guianas) to northern Argentina ………………
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB55BFFB3950CFDBED01FFA0F" ID-CoL="7XP3R" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1846" box="[1151,1283,518,545]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB55BFFB3950CFDBED01FFA0F" bold="true" box="[1151,1283,518,545]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">rubrescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB55BFFB391B2FD93D06BFA9E" blockId="11.[189,1399,267,689]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
– Clypeus of male evenly curved, sub-trapezoidal or squared, if triangular, then major male either with cephalic horns carinate at the base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A5BB55BFFB3939EFDF6D652FA47" box="[749,846,590,617]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1789,1815]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,343,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1398,334,1754]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. A. Protibial apical tooth acuminate. B. Protibial apical tooth obtuse. C. Details of the elytral interstriae of Onthophagus marginicollis Harold, 1880 (hircus complex). D–E. Detail of the elytral paler spots. F. Pronotal sulcus of O. haematopus Harold, 1875 (rubrescens complex). G. Detail of the basal carina of the cephalic horns. H. Shape of the clypeus and lateral margin of pronotum of a species of the ophion complex. I. Right antenna of species of the ophion complex. J. Right antenna of species of the osculatii complex. K. Detail of the metasternal punctuation of a species of the osculatii complex. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1251602/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
) or pronotum not distinctly sulcate (at most slightly flattened or very weakly sulcate on the posteromedial region). Elytra opaque, sericeous to feebly shining, always entirely microreticulated ……………………………………………4
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB55BFFB391CEFD60D06AFB88" blockId="11.[189,1399,728,1186]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
4. Clypeus of male wide, curved to obtusely squared (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A5BB55BFFB392E3FD60D6EBFADC" box="[912,1015,728,754]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1789,1815]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,343,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1398,334,1754]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. A. Protibial apical tooth acuminate. B. Protibial apical tooth obtuse. C. Details of the elytral interstriae of Onthophagus marginicollis Harold, 1880 (hircus complex). D–E. Detail of the elytral paler spots. F. Pronotal sulcus of O. haematopus Harold, 1875 (rubrescens complex). G. Detail of the basal carina of the cephalic horns. H. Shape of the clypeus and lateral margin of pronotum of a species of the ophion complex. I. Right antenna of species of the ophion complex. J. Right antenna of species of the osculatii complex. K. Detail of the metasternal punctuation of a species of the osculatii complex. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1251602/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
|
||
), fronto-clypeal carina always absent in major male. Cephalic horns simple and slightly curved. Lateral margins of pronotum either evenly curved or slightly concave near anterior angles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A5BB55BFFB39282FC98D148FB14" box="[1009,1108,800,826]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1789,1815]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,343,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1398,334,1754]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. A. Protibial apical tooth acuminate. B. Protibial apical tooth obtuse. C. Details of the elytral interstriae of Onthophagus marginicollis Harold, 1880 (hircus complex). D–E. Detail of the elytral paler spots. F. Pronotal sulcus of O. haematopus Harold, 1875 (rubrescens complex). G. Detail of the basal carina of the cephalic horns. H. Shape of the clypeus and lateral margin of pronotum of a species of the ophion complex. I. Right antenna of species of the ophion complex. J. Right antenna of species of the osculatii complex. K. Detail of the metasternal punctuation of a species of the osculatii complex. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1251602/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
|
||
), anteromedial pronotal protuberance widely rounded between cephalic horns. Articles of the antennal club elongated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A5BB55BFFB39180FCD0D454FBAC" box="[243,328,872,898]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1789,1815]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,343,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1398,334,1754]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. A. Protibial apical tooth acuminate. B. Protibial apical tooth obtuse. C. Details of the elytral interstriae of Onthophagus marginicollis Harold, 1880 (hircus complex). D–E. Detail of the elytral paler spots. F. Pronotal sulcus of O. haematopus Harold, 1875 (rubrescens complex). G. Detail of the basal carina of the cephalic horns. H. Shape of the clypeus and lateral margin of pronotum of a species of the ophion complex. I. Right antenna of species of the ophion complex. J. Right antenna of species of the osculatii complex. K. Detail of the metasternal punctuation of a species of the osculatii complex. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1251602/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
|
||
); if antennal club normal, then basal half of elytra orange to testaceous and apex black. From Ecuador to Bolivia, one species known from the Guiana Shield …………
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB55BFFB395C1FC33D01BFB88" ID-CoL="7XNR6" authorityName=", Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[1202,1287,907,934]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB55BFFB395C1FC33D01BFB88" bold="true" box="[1202,1287,907,934]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ophion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB55BFFB391B2FC08D06AFC8F" blockId="11.[189,1399,728,1186]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
– Clypeus of male slightly elongated forward, triangular, trapezoidal or curved, male of two species with fronto-clypeal carina. Cephalic horns straight to very strongly curved and embracing the pronotal protuberance, one species with horns carinate at the base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A5BB55BFFB39470FC4FD075FC3C" box="[1283,1385,1015,1042]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1789,1815]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,343,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1398,334,1754]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. A. Protibial apical tooth acuminate. B. Protibial apical tooth obtuse. C. Details of the elytral interstriae of Onthophagus marginicollis Harold, 1880 (hircus complex). D–E. Detail of the elytral paler spots. F. Pronotal sulcus of O. haematopus Harold, 1875 (rubrescens complex). G. Detail of the basal carina of the cephalic horns. H. Shape of the clypeus and lateral margin of pronotum of a species of the ophion complex. I. Right antenna of species of the ophion complex. J. Right antenna of species of the osculatii complex. K. Detail of the metasternal punctuation of a species of the osculatii complex. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1251602/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral margins of pronotum always evenly curved, anteromedial pronotal protuberance narrowly rounded, conical or very weak between cephalic horns; if widely rounded, then metasternal disc strongly punctuated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A5BB55BFFB393CEFBDBD63CFC53" box="[701,800,1123,1149]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1789,1815]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,343,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1398,334,1754]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. A. Protibial apical tooth acuminate. B. Protibial apical tooth obtuse. C. Details of the elytral interstriae of Onthophagus marginicollis Harold, 1880 (hircus complex). D–E. Detail of the elytral paler spots. F. Pronotal sulcus of O. haematopus Harold, 1875 (rubrescens complex). G. Detail of the basal carina of the cephalic horns. H. Shape of the clypeus and lateral margin of pronotum of a species of the ophion complex. I. Right antenna of species of the ophion complex. J. Right antenna of species of the osculatii complex. K. Detail of the metasternal punctuation of a species of the osculatii complex. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1251602/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Articles of the antennal club normal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A5BB55BFFB3947CFBDBD074FC53" box="[1295,1384,1123,1149]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1789,1815]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,343,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1398,334,1754]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. A. Protibial apical tooth acuminate. B. Protibial apical tooth obtuse. C. Details of the elytral interstriae of Onthophagus marginicollis Harold, 1880 (hircus complex). D–E. Detail of the elytral paler spots. F. Pronotal sulcus of O. haematopus Harold, 1875 (rubrescens complex). G. Detail of the basal carina of the cephalic horns. H. Shape of the clypeus and lateral margin of pronotum of a species of the ophion complex. I. Right antenna of species of the ophion complex. J. Right antenna of species of the osculatii complex. K. Detail of the metasternal punctuation of a species of the osculatii complex. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1251602/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3J</figureCitation>
|
||
). From Costa Rica to Bolivia, two species reaching eastern Amazonia ………
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB55BFFB395EDFB3FD019FC8C" ID-CoL="7XNRQ" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1855" box="[1182,1285,1159,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osculatii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB55BFFB395EDFB3FD019FC8C" bold="true" box="[1182,1285,1159,1186]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">osculatii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3366555B55BFFB391CEFB71D14FFD8C" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB55BFFB391CEFB71D438FCCD" blockId="11.[189,292,1225,1251]" box="[189,292,1225,1251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<heading id="D0DB81B2B55BFFB391CEFB71D438FCCD" bold="true" box="[189,292,1225,1251]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB55BFFB391CEFB71D438FCCD" bold="true" box="[189,292,1225,1251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Remark</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336DEB55BFFB391CEFB40D14FFD8C" blockId="11.[189,1399,1272,1442]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
The northern distribution of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB55BFFB3934DFB40D7BFFD3C" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1855" box="[574,675,1272,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osculatii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB55BFFB3934DFB40D7BFFD3C" box="[574,675,1272,1298]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">osculatii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex is still rather doubtful, as throughout our extensive study we found an old specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB55BFFB39301FAA5D61DFD18" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1886" box="[626,769,1309,1335]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nyctopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB55BFFB39301FAA5D61DFD18" box="[626,769,1309,1335]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">O. nyctopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Mexico (Sonora), which is here considered to be a possible mislabelling. So, at this stage, we prefer to consider the Costa Rican localities to be the northernmost limits of distribution of this complex. Nevertheless, the question is discussed more in depth in the taxonomic revision of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5DB55BFFB393F0FA30D7F4FD8C" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1855" box="[643,744,1416,1442]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osculatii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB55BFFB393F0FA30D7F4FD8C" box="[643,744,1416,1442]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">osculatii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2FB55BFFB39210FA30D15BFD8C" author="Rossini M. & Vaz-de-Mello Z. F. & Zunino M." box="[867,1095,1416,1442]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="541 - 586" part="52" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2018.1437230" refId="ref10033" refString="Rossini M., Vaz-de-Mello Z. F. & Zunino M. 2018. A taxonomic revision of the New World Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) of the osculatii species-complex, with description of two new species from South America. Journal of Natural History 52 (9 - 10): 541 - 586. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2018.1437230" title="A taxonomic revision of the New World Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) of the osculatii species-complex, with description of two new species from South America" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Rossini
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EACCB55BFFB392B6FA31D6E3FD8C" box="[965,1023,1416,1442]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |