176 lines
19 KiB
XML
176 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.7590" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2308b847-f434-467b-82d3-d876e635b1c6" ID-PMC="PMC4109468" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-421-3" ID-PubMed="25061377" ID-ZBK="156EFFD4E7E6475BA66D74B8D5AB67BB" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-421-3" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 421" ModsDocTitle="The Phyllodonta latrata (Guenée) species group in Costa Rica (Geometridae, Ennominae)" checkinTime="1451245684463" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sullivan, J. Bolling" docDate="2014" docId="FAF38BBEF1732B0742C4EC49F94CF8EB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 421: 3-19" docOrigin="ZooKeys 421" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.7590" docTitle="Phyllodonta alajuela Sullivan, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="F193BB75-F3BF-42EC-9292-C10D65E15331" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="C45BFFFA935C1275FFE0FF96FFFDFFAE" masterDocTitle="The Phyllodonta latrata (Guenee) species group in Costa Rica (Geometridae, Ennominae)" masterLastPageNumber="19" masterPageNumber="3" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1668158802978" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Phyllodonta latrata (Guenee) species group in Costa Rica (Geometridae, Ennominae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sullivan, J. Bolling</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>421</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>3</mods:start>
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<mods:end>19</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.7590</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.7590</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-421-3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">156EFFD4E7E6475BA66D74B8D5AB67BB</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">156EFFD4E7E6475BA66D74B8D5AB67BB</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152053888" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F193BB75-F3BF-42EC-9292-C10D65E15331" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FAF38BBEF1732B0742C4EC49F94CF8EB" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="8" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Geometridae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/F193BB75-F3BF-42EC-9292-C10D65E15331" authority="Sullivan" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta alajuela" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alajuela">Phyllodonta alajuela Sullivan</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="5" pageNumber="8">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 11-15, 18
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">
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Holotype male: Costa Rica, San Ramon Reserva Biol. Alberto M. Brenes Estacion Biol. (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="10.22">10.22°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-85.62">85.62°W</geoCoordinate>
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), Alajuela Province, 850 m, 7-11 February
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="9" start="start">2005</pageBreakToken>
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, J. Bolling Sullivan (07-CRBS-365, JBS-3303) (INBio). Paratypes: 4♂, 1♀: 2♂, same data as holotype (JBS-5401, 5407), 1♂, 1♀, Costa Rica, Upata. Estacion San Gerardo (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="10.89">10.89°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-85.38">85.38°W</geoCoordinate>
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), Alajuela Province, 550 m, 17-21 July 2006, J. Bolling Sullivan (JBS-5410, 07-CRBS-366,1205 (barcoded twice), JBS-3314). 1♂, Costa Rica, Upata Bijagua, Alberque Heliconias (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="10.43">10.43°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-85.01">85.01°W</geoCoordinate>
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), 800 m, Alajuela Province, J. Bolling Sullivan (JBS-3310).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="10" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="10">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="10" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="10">The species is named for the province where the holotype and paratypes were taken. It has also been taken in Guanacaste province.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="10">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="10">
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Maculation does not seem to distinguish this species. It is best characterized by barcode data and the genitalia. To date it has been found below 1200 m and with no other member of the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta latrata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latrata">Phyllodonta latrata</taxonomicName>
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complex. In the male, the distal sides of the socii are usually straight and the vesica is armed with cornuti at the end of the most prominent pouch (distal side of socii swollen in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta esperanza" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="esperanza">Phyllodonta esperanza</taxonomicName>
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, both
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta esperanza" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="esperanza">Phyllodonta esperanza</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta intermediata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermediata">Phyllodonta intermediata</taxonomicName>
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have unarmed vesicas). The female has a broadened collar on the ductus bursae (narrow in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta esperanza" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="esperanza">Phyllodonta esperanza</taxonomicName>
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)and the signum on the corpus bursae is almost round with equal-sized spines around it (crescent shaped in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta esperanza" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="esperanza">Phyllodonta esperanza</taxonomicName>
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, peanut shaped in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta intermediata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermediata">Phyllodonta intermediata</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="10" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="10">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="10">
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Male. (Fig. 11)
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="11" start="start">Head</pageBreakToken>
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-labial palps warm brown, slightly porrect. First segment upcurved, second segment similar in length and tufted slightly over third segment, which is 1/3 as long and angled ventrally. Tongue developed. Eyes hemispherical, large, ocellus present. Frons brown, slightly pointed with scaling directed anteriorly. Scape cream proximally, brown laterally and distally. Cream color extends along dorsal edge of antennae to tip. Antennal segments oblong with minute setae at base of each segment. Interantennal area warm brown, lighter onto collar. Thorax and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Abdomen–Vertex">Abdomen-Vertex</normalizedToken>
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brown, fine scaling extending onto thorax, most scales expanding to three pointed tip, a few black tipped. Tegulae brown, abdomen with closely appressed scaling, gray brown dorsally, warm brown ventrally. Legs finely scaled, warm brown, tibia on first two legs with 3 evenly spaced white spots dorsally, proximal smallest, distal largest, tarsal spines prominent (0-2-4).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Wings–forewings">Wings-forewings</normalizedToken>
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warm brown with prominent antemedial and postmedial lines that undulate, in both cases forming two outward bulges. Antemedial bulges separated by cleft. Both lines black edged with lighter grayish scales proximally. Black scaling distal to reniform at costa and forming a diffuse line paralleling antemedial line. Reniform spot small, black, and forming center of a gray circle. Wings long, outer margin truncated at costa with a distinct notch medially, forewing length 24.1 mm (23.5-25.0 mm, n=6). Hindwing with prominent postmedial line, margin with submedial notch. Underside of wings warm brown, forewing with postmedial line prominent, medial line visible, antemedial line absent. White blotch subterminal at notch, larger black blotch proximal to it. Small discal spot present. Hindwing underside with prominent PM line, prominent discal spot, small yellow line of scales distal to PM line on both wings. Cream streak from wing base widening to anal angle. Male Genitalia (Figs 13-14) (6 dissections) -uncus unsclerotized, over half length of socii with terminal setae. Socius triangular shaped not swollen at base and curving distally toward tip. Well-defined tegumen with triangular gnathos, rounded at tip with small setae. Juxta narrow basally forming a pocket and widening toward transitilla lobes, which widen medially. Costa well sclerotized tapering to tip of valva. Valva broad with two ridges bearing setae. Subcostal ridge well developed with prominent setae, tapering slightly and meeting a broader submarginal ridge that broadens to half width at valve tip. Saccus vee-shaped and usually indented slightly at basal point. Aedeagus partially sclerotized distally, a band of striations at tip. Ductus inserts sub-basally. Vesica tubular with two outpockets distally, most prominent from left side and terminating with a patch of 10 or more moderately long cornuti. A row of small cornuti at base of vesica and variable in appearance, sometimes absent. Vesica slightly longer than aedeagus. Female. (Fig. 12) - similar to male but larger, gray-brown ground color, cross lines usually more prominent, forewing length 27 mm, n=1. Gray circle around reniform more distinct. Undersides similar to male but more gray brown. Female Genitalia (Figs 15, 18) (1 dissection) - Anal papillae with setae, distally truncated in shape with anterior apophyses shorter than posterior apophyses. Anal plate not sclerotized, forming a broad funnel. Ductus bursae short with narrow sclerotized collar at posterior end; collar ends form obvious abutment. Accessory bursae striated, widening significantly to form nipple at midpoint and weakly defined striations continuing onto bursae. Corpus bursae almost round. Signum circular with two or three rows of short spines radiating from fovea.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
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Figures 11, 12.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta alajuela" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alajuela">Phyllodonta alajuela</taxonomicName>
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. 11 male holotype (07-CRBS-365) 12 female (07-CRBS-366.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
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Figures 13-15.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta alajuela" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alajuela">Phyllodonta alajuela</taxonomicName>
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. 13 male valve (JBS-5400) 14 aedeagus (JBS-3303) 15 female genitalia (JBS-3314).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
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Figures 16-18. Comparison of signa. 16
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta esperanza" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="esperanza">Phyllodonta esperanza</taxonomicName>
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(JBS-3315) 17
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta intermediata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermediata">Phyllodonta intermediata</taxonomicName>
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(JBS-5409) 18
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta alajuela" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alajuela">Phyllodonta alajuela</taxonomicName>
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(JBS-3314).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" type="barcodes">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="11">Barcodes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
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Twenty eight specimens have been barcoded and exhibit 9 haplotypes that differ from each other by a maximum of 1%. They differ from those of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta esperanza" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="esperanza">Phyllodonta esperanza</taxonomicName>
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by a minimum of 4.8% and from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta intermediata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermediata">Phyllodonta intermediata</taxonomicName>
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by a minimum of 6.3%. The most common haplotype (09-SRNP-36297) is:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
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AACATTATATTTTATTTTTGGAATTTGAGCTGGAATAGTAGGTACATCTTTAAGTTTATTAATTCGAGCGGAATTAGGAAACCCTGGGTCTTTAATTG
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<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="12" start="start">GAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACTATTGTAACTGCTCATGCTTTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATGGTAATACCTATTATAATTGGGGGATTTGGGAATTGATTAGTTCCTTTAATATTGGGGGCCCCAGATATAGCTTTCCCACGAATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGATTACTTCCGCCTTCTATTACACTTTTAATTTCTAGAAGAATTGTAGAAAATGGAGCCGGAACTGGATGAACTGTCTACCCTCCTTTATCTTCTAATATTGCCCACGGTGGTAGTTCTGTTGATCTTGCTATTTTTTCATTACATTTAGCTGGTATTTCATCAATTTTAGGGGCTATTAATTTTATTACAACAATTATTAATATACGATTAAATAACTTATCTTTTGATCAAATACCTTTATTTGTTTGAGCTGTAGGAATCACTGCATTTTTATTATTATTATCATTACCTGTTTTAGCTGGAGCTATTACTATATTATTAACTGATCGAAATTTAAATACATCTTTTTTTGACCCTGCTGGAGGAGGAGACCCAATTTTATATCAACATTTATTC</pageBreakToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="12">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="12">Known from 500 to 1150 m in the provinces of Alajuela and Guanacaste. Moths are probably in flight throughout the year.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="12" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="12">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="12">
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<bibRefCitation author="Janzen, DH" journalOrPublisher="News of the Lepidopterists' Society" pageId="11" pageNumber="14" title="Caterpillars, pupae, butterflies & moths of ACG, Guanacaste, Costa Rica" url="http://Janzen.sas.upenn.edu/caterpillars/database.lasso" year="2014">Janzen and Hallwachs (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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have reared this species 62 times. The larvae fed primarily (59 records) on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia solanacea" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="solanacea">Witheringia solanacea</taxonomicName>
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L.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hér">Her</normalizedToken>
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. in the
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<taxonomicName genus="Solanaceae" lsidName="Solanaceae" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" rank="genus">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
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. One record may represent a second species on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brugmansia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brugmansia x subsp. candida" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="x" subSpecies="candida">
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Brugmansia
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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candida
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName genus="Solanaceae" lsidName="Solanaceae" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" rank="genus">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
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). The present range of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta alajuela" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alajuela">Phyllodonta alajuela</taxonomicName>
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seems to be limited to the Northwestern provinces of Costa Rica and may extend into Nicaragua. Southward and eastward its range is unknown. Specimens of the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyllodonta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllodonta latrata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latrata">Phyllodonta latrata</taxonomicName>
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complex from Anchicaya and Calima Dam in Valle Province of Colombia (four dissections) have similar male genitalia, but the basal spines on the vesica are larger; no specimens of it have been barcoded. Species of non-migratory moths common to Colombia and Costa Rica are often distributed in the western lowlands of both countries.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |