444 lines
64 KiB
XML
444 lines
64 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1173-97" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BC9B8D08D2D65474B1DDA68A241E22EA" ID-ZooBank="F981A3C1577D42A191AD6C938E0C16B0" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1173-97" checkinTime="1691040952412" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Horowitz, Jeremy, Opresko, Dennis M., Gonzalez-Garcia, Maria del P. & Quattrini, Andrea M." docDate="2023" docId="B1AFC2F85343596E9A8A7A5604DE68EE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1173: 97-110" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1173" docPubDate="2023-08-02" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141" docTitle="Aphanipathes puertoricoensis Horowitz & Quattrini 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="5AD4DED2-215F-4BC5-AB58-2739FD4D0183" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="BC9B8D08D2D65474B1DDA68A241E22EA" lastPageNumber="97" masterDocId="BC9B8D08D2D65474B1DDA68A241E22EA" masterDocTitle="Description of a new species of black coral in the family Aphanipathidae (Anthozoa, Antipatharia) from Puerto Rico" masterLastPageNumber="110" masterPageNumber="97" pageNumber="97" updateTime="1691040952412" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="F914175C3C64B1F94A1E474271CAD79C">Description of a new species of black coral in the family Aphanipathidae (Anthozoa, Antipatharia) from Puerto Rico</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E539B07B63D181D5C1D8EDD8573FF2F4">Horowitz, Jeremy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C390C0A44197BF3DCB4D9759A1EE9631" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-5200</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="654CCFC1B537166AD4D9560EDE0FA394">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A649CDCD08F5F74975B77CFD9E7635C5" type="email">jerhorowitz@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="16F47B0259F66D55EAB653B6CE96E538">Opresko, Dennis M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1F28A2CACFABA4A91385C21ECD561612">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BDE5E2610642E3AC4B1F0A90735C6D5C">Gonzalez-Garcia, Maria del P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="92D3D8A39C2F0867C066CD31A47F2E95">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA & Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagueez, Puerto Rico</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D5D64C1E144D165D04D0100F65F8F08C">Quattrini, Andrea M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AC1543DDAB625912C546B3E29C5DEA66">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="E95D90818231B7E3F7F12FADF618BC1A">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B9A397001AF5C522208B5C12D92A954D">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="938643664D560DDE1BC1990CDE42B03F">2023-08-02</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="ED330EA1FF546C40ACFB252115E8AC81">1173</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="94D5E9E6C956D56D6BEE91E634611558">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="1292EAD844D71A30C67477117FEBD643">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C9AFD5757D95910060173652E97CF1A4" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141</mods:identifier>
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<subSection id="6CCEEA54F647E845BA66E6EE966CCDCA" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="results">
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<treatment id="B1AFC2F85343596E9A8A7A5604DE68EE" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5AD4DED2-215F-4BC5-AB58-2739FD4D0183" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B1AFC2F85343596E9A8A7A5604DE68EE" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
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<subSubSection id="9E8D03067D84ECF17E87AE5B360D79A5" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5ECF36907227D6F4B165E516048C3134" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
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<taxonomicName id="F9435C464D2461C6649AE4F51B0F3539" LSID="https://zoobank.org/5AD4DED2-215F-4BC5-AB58-2739FD4D0183" authority="Horowitz & Quattrini" authorityName="Horowitz & Quattrini" authorityYear="2023" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes puertoricoensis" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="puertoricoensis" status="sp. nov.">Aphanipathes puertoricoensis Horowitz & Quattrini</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="0E5FE611D8F51D59ED8CA03318C64C92" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2F70A5A5EDDB1C6BF008AB1ECDC7DB86" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0818E1DE7C41F5AD37A64EC285905183" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
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<figureCitation id="D9B340F645647F096CC0595631CA94B4" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Location (denoted by a red circle) where Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. was collected." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887385" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="DECB0B0A82835362BFD6322036BF2102" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Comparison of species of Aphanipathes and Anozopathes: A Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov., yellow line indicates from where holotype fragment USNM 1660436 was collected B Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype collected fragment (USNM 1660436) C Aphanipathes pedata holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105) D Anozopathes palauensis holotype (USNM 1007104) E Aphanipathes sarothamnoides part of holotype (NHMUK 1890.4.9.5) F polyps of Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436) G polyps of Anozopathes palauensis holotype (USNM 1007104)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887386" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">, 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="3E164B688C18CB7E715857AD0A6B48BB" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Skeletal spines of Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436) (A-D) and Aphanipathes pedata (E, F): A spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter B spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter C small conical tubercles on spine tips with faint striations between tubercles D small conical tubercles on spine tip with slight papillae between tubercles E Aphanipathes pedata holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105), spines on branch about 0.22 mm in diameter F Aphanipathes cf. pedata (USNM 1410008), spines on branch 0.16 mm in diameter." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887387" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">, 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="67139156AA751D9207E48991C5CA9418" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of antipatharians closely related to the new species based on a 60 % complete matrix containing 793 loci. Taxon in blue represents the holotype of the new species. The phylogeny was rooted to the Rhipidipathes and Blastopathes clade." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887388" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">, 4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6171BAFAA34FFB7D5C088D99352B1727" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="94C0150439163BCF9AE1CBD933AFF88D" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7CD929B857E46B2AADCE00DF0DF3E310" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
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<materialsCitation id="275B1A969C1A756295CC114A6BF9EC25" collectingDate="2022-04-12" collectorName="A. M. Quattrini, Quattrini, A. G, E. E. Cordes" country="Puerto Rico" county="Benthic Biodiversity in Deep Waters" elevation="357" latitude="17.904943" location="Canyon" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-66.721886" municipality="Illuminating Pelagic" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guayanilla" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis id="53751080879060CAEC39875F4108F9DA" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
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<typeStatus id="9AE863911A516FE368E6216065C1CAFF">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: USNM 1660436 (USNM SEM stubs 530-532),
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<collectingRegion id="6B5732CCBED390808FF07B27F30D1C20" country="Puerto Rico" name="Guayanilla">Guayanilla</collectingRegion>
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<location id="5DF69AAB957BE1999EF18810D5EDC42F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1AFC2F85343596E9A8A7A5604DE68EE:5DF69AAB957BE1999EF18810D5EDC42F" country="Puerto Rico" county="Benthic Biodiversity in Deep Waters" latitude="17.904943" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-66.721886" municipality="Illuminating Pelagic" name="Canyon" stateProvince="Guayanilla">Canyon</location>
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, off
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<collectingCountry id="112134B469899FF0D528FCD3A415E127" name="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
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, station GEX-22-04,
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<geoCoordinate id="0685F036F497F85921D20539E2203CB9" degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="17.80" value="17.904943">17°54'17.80"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="1459D04D9409F19A1BB6F35EE81647C7" degrees="66" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="18.78" value="-66.721886">66°43'18.78"W</geoCoordinate>
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, NOAA
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<location id="494933EAE96D76BD2E3F59112A79FB11" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1AFC2F85343596E9A8A7A5604DE68EE:494933EAE96D76BD2E3F59112A79FB11" country="Puerto Rico" county="Benthic Biodiversity in Deep Waters" latitude="17.904943" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-66.721886" municipality="Illuminating Pelagic" name="Ship Nancy Foster" stateProvince="Guayanilla">Ship Nancy Foster</location>
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,
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<location id="FED13500F7BE2252BB8E33E1B5956EB1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1AFC2F85343596E9A8A7A5604DE68EE:FED13500F7BE2252BB8E33E1B5956EB1" country="Puerto Rico" county="Benthic Biodiversity in Deep Waters" latitude="17.904943" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-66.721886" municipality="Illuminating Pelagic" name="Expedition" stateProvince="Guayanilla">Expedition</location>
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:
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<collectingMunicipality id="B1608840C57D24AAB0A264ECE552D58D">Illuminating Pelagic</collectingMunicipality>
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and
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<collectingCounty id="32680E82814ADB7E257E3F03B7728010">Benthic Biodiversity in Deep Waters</collectingCounty>
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of
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<collectingCountry id="8136957022EEEA7CD472D94842ECC7F9" name="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
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,
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<elevation id="A15CC6288E8A56ABE5B9EC5FDBF506AC" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.57" unit="m" value="357.0">
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<quantity id="65DCE3F26A52824970131DABBFC73DFE" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.57" unit="m" value="357.0">357 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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, coll.
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<collectorName id="33DFB3F5D2715CC442F7E5791DB06BE8">
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A.M.
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<collectorName id="F85CAF9A91D7E876771C404D3CC08E44">Quattrini, A.G</collectorName>
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</collectorName>
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. Collins &
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<collectorName id="65935F741F07CE1053AC4C060D551CCE">E.E. Cordes</collectorName>
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,
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<collectingDate id="553727B446E41E92C3764A9FEB0B79F5" value="2022-04-12">12 April 2022</collectingDate>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3B5FD4B60D101A74D536A46AD3C0BC1E" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="type locality">
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<paragraph id="053308FCA011A7D1DDF9C8D26DBDFAD3" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="86EAD72783DB1034D8CA8201BB7E7B3C" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Guayanilla Canyon, Puerto Rico, Caribbean Sea, 357 m depth.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9FCB0008A7FAB143EA42E06286184191" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="EE3EE517073FA179B609D08F7B68212A" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A7A4E310D5AEF6924CCFCBCE6D26D7AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Tall, sparsely branched colony with two and rarely three orders of branches. Stem 0.2 m tall, first order branches over 1 m long, distally slightly curved or coiled, and arranged irregularly around stem; second order branches short and sparsely occurring; third order branches rare. Distal branch angles usually close to 90°. Spines form a distinct quincunx pattern with six axial rows of spines counted in one view. Polypar spines up to 0.5 mm tall, possess 20 to 40 or more small conical tubercles visible in lateral view that extend from the tip halfway to the base. Abpolypar spines up to 0.32 mm tall, possess 10 to 20 small conical tubercles visible in lateral view that extend from the tip halfway to the base. Polypar and abpolypar spines spaced 0.47 to 0.57 mm apart with three spines per mm in each row. Polyps 1.1 to 1.6 mm in diameter, arranged in a single series, with six to eight polyps per cm.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6364EC80E31C08EE07F8247E0A633EEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C9FB33F62666316B2883D65B0D2037F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8C4947AD2A76FB4E75F83879AED0F242" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
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The holotype (USNM 1660436) is a fragment from the whole colony (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="A2859AD143A68854296BED54F7DDFA0D" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Comparison of species of Aphanipathes and Anozopathes: A Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov., yellow line indicates from where holotype fragment USNM 1660436 was collected B Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype collected fragment (USNM 1660436) C Aphanipathes pedata holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105) D Anozopathes palauensis holotype (USNM 1007104) E Aphanipathes sarothamnoides part of holotype (NHMUK 1890.4.9.5) F polyps of Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436) G polyps of Anozopathes palauensis holotype (USNM 1007104)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887386" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">2A</figureCitation>
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) that is 0.35 m tall and includes a first order and two second order branches (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="957F1AD20923F0F327D2F363278C0906" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Comparison of species of Aphanipathes and Anozopathes: A Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov., yellow line indicates from where holotype fragment USNM 1660436 was collected B Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype collected fragment (USNM 1660436) C Aphanipathes pedata holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105) D Anozopathes palauensis holotype (USNM 1007104) E Aphanipathes sarothamnoides part of holotype (NHMUK 1890.4.9.5) F polyps of Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436) G polyps of Anozopathes palauensis holotype (USNM 1007104)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887386" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">2B</figureCitation>
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). The diameter near the base of the second order branch is about 1 mm including spines.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="8A03858A25983FF599FA1C755242F950" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887386" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph id="8012194F8B58BF61EE48C6F902DEED27" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="D8A22A86967D45EF24CCD806372E5BD8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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Comparison of species of
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<taxonomicName id="31F4B0250B6D6A686D8508EEB20E5246" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="54E9692F3FBD2FC447058E7C4C116759" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="9280E9F8F8B29699E7EE8FFDA2F74007" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anozopathes" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8381CE08C8B53CFE5C885BA75379FF93" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Anozopathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="3A690475C75D9D01499E0C31D20B83A6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C35C1882CB36CD2B92A1B475DCDF31F" authorityName="Horowitz & Quattrini" authorityYear="2023" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes puertoricoensis" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="puertoricoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C099F26C489980EF41A2D9B3785F9AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes puertoricoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., yellow line indicates from where holotype fragment USNM 1660436 was collected
|
||
<emphasis id="40300B056AA797D11B27126E08DD8AD1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4AD3A4AC46B4A9AC96724B2FB556738" authorityName="Horowitz & Quattrini" authorityYear="2023" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes puertoricoensis" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="puertoricoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDF925D0BF5E9D6A5B1BF4AA1E42AD28" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes puertoricoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. holotype collected fragment (USNM 1660436)
|
||
<emphasis id="1FA8D6F968338568B275A22534C46AB6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AD1D4E0667DB411E843F6B6829375FC0" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes pedata" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pedata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2AEFFEDE92B5983B511F53E33967726" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes pedata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105)
|
||
<emphasis id="FDA70DB6F91CB1A458EB97A53AA3CF01" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CB071CA2B6CD3A3F05BA670A0F3EBAA" authorityName="Opresko, Bo, Stein, Evankow, Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anozopathes palauensis" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="palauensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="BF95B8FCCFBCF35D80A98B4F46587994" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Anozopathes palauensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype (USNM 1007104)
|
||
<emphasis id="28F742F6720DB79ABC96715A775B26AB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95A87412256F66171A0DE44D4C6F6DFC" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes sarothamnoides" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sarothamnoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE32935C85CCF1FFD96857E3427F25D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes sarothamnoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
part of holotype (NHMUK 1890.4.9.5)
|
||
<emphasis id="1123B5EEE7F79C9CA0E638E4F0D2113F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">F</emphasis>
|
||
polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13F497303D38C03282D6C92905419F92" authorityName="Horowitz & Quattrini" authorityYear="2023" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes puertoricoensis" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="puertoricoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2D09D11D1CA287AAD3FB25CAD198D57" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes puertoricoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436)
|
||
<emphasis id="1EDB814DCC4361B144F83C52FFFEB2CC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">G</emphasis>
|
||
polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F28C0231C9FBB3C1F7C3506510CAC08" authorityName="Opresko, Bo, Stein, Evankow, Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anozopathes palauensis" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="palauensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8719D605D1F02359239481BCE9B11227" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Anozopathes palauensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype (USNM 1007104).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9DAA120A5E03C105C73E71237684329E" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
The spines are laterally compressed and arranged in a quincunx pattern with five to six longitudinal rows in one view and three spines per cm counted in one longitudinal row (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="0A6901166F603452F3BD30B64BF1566F" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Skeletal spines of Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436) (A-D) and Aphanipathes pedata (E, F): A spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter B spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter C small conical tubercles on spine tips with faint striations between tubercles D small conical tubercles on spine tip with slight papillae between tubercles E Aphanipathes pedata holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105), spines on branch about 0.22 mm in diameter F Aphanipathes cf. pedata (USNM 1410008), spines on branch 0.16 mm in diameter." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887387" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). On a section of branch 0.3 mm in diameter, the polypar spines are about 0.35 mm tall and the abpolypar spines are 0.16 mm tall. On a section of a branch 0.45 mm in diameter the polypar spines are about 0.5 to 0.6 mm tall and the abpolypar spines are about 0.32 mm tall (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3BE0806461BE4696A0EEC619E6080C7D" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Skeletal spines of Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436) (A-D) and Aphanipathes pedata (E, F): A spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter B spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter C small conical tubercles on spine tips with faint striations between tubercles D small conical tubercles on spine tip with slight papillae between tubercles E Aphanipathes pedata holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105), spines on branch about 0.22 mm in diameter F Aphanipathes cf. pedata (USNM 1410008), spines on branch 0.16 mm in diameter." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887387" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Polypar spines have a distal angle of about 75° and abpolypar spines have a distal angle of about 45° (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="AB04F95CF796AE73E3C4070CBB47D476" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Skeletal spines of Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436) (A-D) and Aphanipathes pedata (E, F): A spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter B spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter C small conical tubercles on spine tips with faint striations between tubercles D small conical tubercles on spine tip with slight papillae between tubercles E Aphanipathes pedata holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105), spines on branch about 0.22 mm in diameter F Aphanipathes cf. pedata (USNM 1410008), spines on branch 0.16 mm in diameter." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887387" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The spines have conical tubercles on their surface extending from the apex to about midway down the spine towards the base. Based on counts made on one lateral side of a spine and including those seen on the distal and proximal edges, most polypar spines have between 20 to 40 small conical tubercles while the abpolypar spines have about half as many tubercles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="244B9BEE380F4BBC2CF111570086BDB3" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Skeletal spines of Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436) (A-D) and Aphanipathes pedata (E, F): A spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter B spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter C small conical tubercles on spine tips with faint striations between tubercles D small conical tubercles on spine tip with slight papillae between tubercles E Aphanipathes pedata holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105), spines on branch about 0.22 mm in diameter F Aphanipathes cf. pedata (USNM 1410008), spines on branch 0.16 mm in diameter." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887387" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The conical tubercles are 0.007 mm tall and run at right angles to the direction of the spine. Within these rows about three tubercles can be counted over a 0.1 mm distance (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="11CAA33C0AC561106D87A8DF13BE4137" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Skeletal spines of Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436) (A-D) and Aphanipathes pedata (E, F): A spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter B spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter C small conical tubercles on spine tips with faint striations between tubercles D small conical tubercles on spine tip with slight papillae between tubercles E Aphanipathes pedata holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105), spines on branch about 0.22 mm in diameter F Aphanipathes cf. pedata (USNM 1410008), spines on branch 0.16 mm in diameter." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887387" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">3C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Between the tubercles faint striations can be observed (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3D04AB599F2B1532B03945B7B193AB06" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Skeletal spines of Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436) (A-D) and Aphanipathes pedata (E, F): A spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter B spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter C small conical tubercles on spine tips with faint striations between tubercles D small conical tubercles on spine tip with slight papillae between tubercles E Aphanipathes pedata holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105), spines on branch about 0.22 mm in diameter F Aphanipathes cf. pedata (USNM 1410008), spines on branch 0.16 mm in diameter." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887387" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">3C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and sometimes slight papillae or immature tubercles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C40ABB653C381342B37C099D6408EB0F" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Skeletal spines of Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436) (A-D) and Aphanipathes pedata (E, F): A spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter B spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter C small conical tubercles on spine tips with faint striations between tubercles D small conical tubercles on spine tip with slight papillae between tubercles E Aphanipathes pedata holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105), spines on branch about 0.22 mm in diameter F Aphanipathes cf. pedata (USNM 1410008), spines on branch 0.16 mm in diameter." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887387" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">3D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="954212072F5361709ECE573FF038E0D6" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887387" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph id="08DFF1BA326C1566901182AA49FD9E4A" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="484D8F7A1F0AC3969FA0B5667635022B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Skeletal spines of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0AECAB4B666C2FE171E33C9D783EA41" authorityName="Horowitz & Quattrini" authorityYear="2023" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes puertoricoensis" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="puertoricoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6960F591D7F5F569B1AA630A1F484AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes puertoricoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436) (
|
||
<emphasis id="2AE98272737E9AAD9220395097E61EC3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">A-D</emphasis>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6B0F4E00082A6BB1F2D2E5B04D7E23B1" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes pedata" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pedata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6B8FBC3F0475C1436F71B2BEB9E0B045" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes pedata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="E416F7BF1978FA6B161026EE4CE816A2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">E, F</emphasis>
|
||
):
|
||
<emphasis id="C05453285D16F012AAB538157B5A1656" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">A</emphasis>
|
||
spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter
|
||
<emphasis id="FE59468076529C448C57DE34F86D11CA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">B</emphasis>
|
||
spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter
|
||
<emphasis id="CEB1B785A60778504E3AAE46E0A19838" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">C</emphasis>
|
||
small conical tubercles on spine tips with faint striations between tubercles
|
||
<emphasis id="6CB9A17AB8F14CD4CD75F4236B4D4B13" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">D</emphasis>
|
||
small conical tubercles on spine tip with slight papillae between tubercles
|
||
<emphasis id="2B5FFE2B666711F8C178DEDD2D381BC4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E28B7676EC0D41E9CB6715A274AE05B" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes pedata" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pedata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C4A3F238EB0CED24869A6BD7284DEA1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes pedata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105), spines on branch about 0.22 mm in diameter
|
||
<emphasis id="A4FEE8E52321B318AC157526CBCAE78B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9A4106825D842A18918121F801EEAC9E" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes pedata" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pedata">Aphanipathes cf. pedata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM 1410008), spines on branch 0.16 mm in diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B387250114CF36C4ABDE25F1E2CFEC0" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
The polyps are arranged in a single row. In the preserved state the polyps are 1.1-1.6 mm in transverse diameter with an interpolypar space of about 0.15 mm, and there are six to eight polyps per cm (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6BBB691FF62B24E9852BC7911E07E11" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Comparison of species of Aphanipathes and Anozopathes: A Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov., yellow line indicates from where holotype fragment USNM 1660436 was collected B Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype collected fragment (USNM 1660436) C Aphanipathes pedata holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105) D Anozopathes palauensis holotype (USNM 1007104) E Aphanipathes sarothamnoides part of holotype (NHMUK 1890.4.9.5) F polyps of Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436) G polyps of Anozopathes palauensis holotype (USNM 1007104)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887386" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">2F</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is no notable difference in the size of the sagittal and lateral tentacles based on preserved material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FDDA49AA3E8D7A16A94435538BADF289" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="E56C5A43309122C26D490521C7F502C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Description of colony from which holotype was collected.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9BD424A734958A753B7D6A9BEA03E9AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
The colony from which the holotype was collected was videotaped
|
||
<emphasis id="FB01D6836E489EF88B27CC5A8147CAB6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
and based on a screen shot from that video (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="680FF4D4A9CD938C38FCA7BB4F746D1C" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Comparison of species of Aphanipathes and Anozopathes: A Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov., yellow line indicates from where holotype fragment USNM 1660436 was collected B Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype collected fragment (USNM 1660436) C Aphanipathes pedata holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105) D Anozopathes palauensis holotype (USNM 1007104) E Aphanipathes sarothamnoides part of holotype (NHMUK 1890.4.9.5) F polyps of Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436) G polyps of Anozopathes palauensis holotype (USNM 1007104)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887386" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
) the complete colony is approximated to be over 1 m tall and over 2 m wide including branches. The main stem is approximated to be 0.2 m tall and consists of approximately eight irregular rows of primary branches, spaced about 2 cm apart in a row. Primary branches are long and loosely coiled at their distal end, reaching lengths of over 1 m. Secondary branches are sparse and third order branches are rare.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9E07A61CB0F4D6FEC2D9EF703195FFAB" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="phylogenetic results">
|
||
<paragraph id="644FA556BB592A2D5B4E424B7766D612" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Phylogenetic results.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9CD00C34608A4B77D580311245A52972" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
We obtained between 2 to 15 million PE reads per specimen, which assembled into 54,513 to 287,021 contigs. The new
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F7B7353E2A42606FDA73117A18F3785" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8E29595985007C231242041D91CC5F5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species had 5,400,183 reads and 262,434 assembled contigs. From the contigs, 1186 to 1609 UCE and exon loci were obtained per specimen. The 60% taxon-occupancy matrix included 793 loci that were concatenated into an alignment with a total length of 365,565 bp. Read and locus summary statistics are detailed in Suppl. material 2. The phylogeny (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="6A6CC5C0303543B95C1B0FD60BDF58E0" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of antipatharians closely related to the new species based on a 60 % complete matrix containing 793 loci. Taxon in blue represents the holotype of the new species. The phylogeny was rooted to the Rhipidipathes and Blastopathes clade." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887388" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">4</figureCitation>
|
||
) was strongly supported, with 100% bootstrap and Sh-alrt values at every node but one. In addition, the topology is congruent with the phylogeny presented in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="59A39F788A6F3CC41C95D0DAD43AE520" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.1.1" author="Horowitz, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 35" refId="B13" refString="Horowitz, J, Opresko, D, Molodtsova, TN, Beaman, RJ, Cowman, PF, Bridge, TCL, 2022. Five new species of black coral (Anthozoa; Antipatharia) from the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea, Australia. Zootaxa 5213 (1): 1 - 35, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.1.1" title="Five new species of black coral (Anthozoa; Antipatharia) from the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea, Australia." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.1.1" volume="5213" year="2022">Horowitz et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="763CE0427FD2FA849D86EE33E28ABB1A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.2.4" author="Opresko, DM" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" pagination="161 - 174" refId="B21" refString="Opresko, DM, Bo, M, Stein, DP, Evankow, A, Distel, DL, Brugler, MR, 2021. Description of two new genera and two new species of antipatharian corals in the family Aphanipathidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia). Zootaxa 4966 (2): 161 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.2.4" title="Description of two new genera and two new species of antipatharian corals in the family Aphanipathidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.2.4" volume="4966" year="2021">Opresko et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A21F8053518C62B26DB2BB4736B589CB" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887388" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph id="9D89DFB5C982B64F14FE25EAFB07F50C" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="1F3BB176E2D0503BE25BCAD145393231" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum likelihood phylogeny of antipatharians closely related to the new species based on a 60% complete matrix containing 793 loci. Taxon in blue represents the holotype of the new species. The phylogeny was rooted to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA382BA31C1544C69639D4C2EF65BCD2" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Rhipidipathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhipidipathes" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05B94EA369612D648D8800ADAC53C72C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Rhipidipathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C0CFEF1DBA415000847A7C32A34D4C6" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Blastopathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Blastopathes" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DA9DEF1D65E4FA5AD2C1880D4677745D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Blastopathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="552B0AE2AFB544E65E52D0EFEE800E20" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Based on specimens included, phylogenetic results place the new species sister to two specimens that most closely resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2A404CF8814955A69302082B6553A90" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes pedata" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pedata">
|
||
<emphasis id="962C92ADFE5BD1D7015B3D4E5A5D2385" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes pedata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gray, 1857) from 229 m depth in the Gulf of Mexico (USNM 1288458) and 155 m depth from the Caribbean Sea (USNM 1410008) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F024384046A270D66C0C7570D278AA4F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of antipatharians closely related to the new species based on a 60 % complete matrix containing 793 loci. Taxon in blue represents the holotype of the new species. The phylogeny was rooted to the Rhipidipathes and Blastopathes clade." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887388" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Unfortunately, both specimens are incomplete colonies, we lack molecular data for the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C7B879B9F19156D9402C284BA2685F5" lsidName="A. pedata" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="pedata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BEA1465141031456ACAA7504A0DDF1F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">A. pedata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype, and spine comparisons are based on just one SEM of the holotype (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="9DF0A8C77C8F9CA15205626923427C49" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Skeletal spines of Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436) (A-D) and Aphanipathes pedata (E, F): A spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter B spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter C small conical tubercles on spine tips with faint striations between tubercles D small conical tubercles on spine tip with slight papillae between tubercles E Aphanipathes pedata holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105), spines on branch about 0.22 mm in diameter F Aphanipathes cf. pedata (USNM 1410008), spines on branch 0.16 mm in diameter." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887387" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">3E</figureCitation>
|
||
). For these reasons, we conservatively identify these two specimens as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="965512F6878B329EFE5B56C7700FBF8B" lsidName="A. pedata" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="pedata">A. cf. pedata</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We also lack molecular data for the type of the genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="893FA9A9ED791D7ADBF7F203F73712F4" lsidName="A. sarothamnoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="sarothamnoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="1DD4A08048010DFA002E54EBC7EB9D27" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">A. sarothamnoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which will be useful when reviewing the taxonomy of the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="30654C5B07CA7414759D84C9E264ADD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="comparative diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="E3B5FF0C3B7E166258394BD7DEFA223D" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Comparative diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6704984913BE24471D04FC73BFCD3F03" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
The new species has morphological features that fit the emended diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C10E1FFAB677239065AB2E61AB230B05" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7F1DB1A1F4BBB87AFEAB8131B872C39" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including a branched corallum, polypar spines being twice as tall as abpolypar spines, pronounced tubercles on skeletal spines, and small polyps between 1 and 2 mm in transverse diameter, reaching a density of eight polyps per cm. In addition to phylogenetic affinity, the new species shares a high density of tubercles on the surfaces of spines, being greater than 20 counting all tubercles on the visible side of a spine, and similar sized polyps with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BFF692FB6E3A74B872220F4804145B5D" lsidName="A. pedata" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="pedata">
|
||
<emphasis id="748566F46B8001AE30850DF1CD6E1AF7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">A. pedata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C400643D84B75EB21C64D84E0A504A36" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Skeletal spines of Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436) (A-D) and Aphanipathes pedata (E, F): A spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter B spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter C small conical tubercles on spine tips with faint striations between tubercles D small conical tubercles on spine tip with slight papillae between tubercles E Aphanipathes pedata holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105), spines on branch about 0.22 mm in diameter F Aphanipathes cf. pedata (USNM 1410008), spines on branch 0.16 mm in diameter." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887387" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">3E</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, the new species is different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0D2F3BAB4AD9B3532C3AC50681853395" lsidName="A. pedata" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="pedata">
|
||
<emphasis id="191D7412ED23A2F747C7D358853A5F3D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">A. pedata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having three-dimensional branching (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4E1EFE2AEBDAE435AF3F2A365C2B745" lsidName="A. pedata" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="pedata">
|
||
<emphasis id="375640F2ECE956681940DA37A09222EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">A. pedata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has branches arranged uniserially, forming fronds, larger terminal branchlets (> 20 cm vs 10 cm), wider terminal branchlet distal angles (90° vs 30-45°), and lower branch complexity (two vs eight or more orders of branches) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B8DC4BC5DC24EB997461C93BEDBA17F1" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Comparison of species of Aphanipathes and Anozopathes: A Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov., yellow line indicates from where holotype fragment USNM 1660436 was collected B Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype collected fragment (USNM 1660436) C Aphanipathes pedata holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105) D Anozopathes palauensis holotype (USNM 1007104) E Aphanipathes sarothamnoides part of holotype (NHMUK 1890.4.9.5) F polyps of Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436) G polyps of Anozopathes palauensis holotype (USNM 1007104)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887386" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">2A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The new species also has tubercles that only extend midway down the spine and are generally less pronounced (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="37F4EA6E00D3A1CB72CD019C63A9AC46" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Skeletal spines of Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436) (A-D) and Aphanipathes pedata (E, F): A spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter B spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter C small conical tubercles on spine tips with faint striations between tubercles D small conical tubercles on spine tip with slight papillae between tubercles E Aphanipathes pedata holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105), spines on branch about 0.22 mm in diameter F Aphanipathes cf. pedata (USNM 1410008), spines on branch 0.16 mm in diameter." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887387" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
) compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DAD8942985FB38BF7ADCE7BEC812269" lsidName="A. pedata" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="pedata">
|
||
<emphasis id="10D0D4A040DC59658633384301C5B5F9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">A. pedata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has more pronounced tubercles present from the tip down to the bottom third or almost to the base of each spine (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="7975FFF5D83182ED94C8B9B5E7DB2D10" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Skeletal spines of Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436) (A-D) and Aphanipathes pedata (E, F): A spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter B spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter C small conical tubercles on spine tips with faint striations between tubercles D small conical tubercles on spine tip with slight papillae between tubercles E Aphanipathes pedata holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105), spines on branch about 0.22 mm in diameter F Aphanipathes cf. pedata (USNM 1410008), spines on branch 0.16 mm in diameter." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887387" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">3E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The new species also has spines that are distinctly thinner on their distal ends compared to the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF40A12B8330498C1ACB9A1BEF1ED1A7" lsidName="A. pedata" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="pedata">
|
||
<emphasis id="76EDFA82035072ED58CFFD18879B5765" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">A. pedata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41072D2072780BFDFA2B3E463B9B3813" lsidName="A. pedata" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="pedata">A. cf. pedata</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="70C5C39F3C3BEFECB689C058D5B9DDA6" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Skeletal spines of Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436) (A-D) and Aphanipathes pedata (E, F): A spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter B spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter C small conical tubercles on spine tips with faint striations between tubercles D small conical tubercles on spine tip with slight papillae between tubercles E Aphanipathes pedata holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105), spines on branch about 0.22 mm in diameter F Aphanipathes cf. pedata (USNM 1410008), spines on branch 0.16 mm in diameter." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887387" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
and Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C66CD0F1438E9590181E64ED26F771D2" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Skeletal spines of Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436) (A-D) and Aphanipathes pedata (E, F): A spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter B spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter C small conical tubercles on spine tips with faint striations between tubercles D small conical tubercles on spine tip with slight papillae between tubercles E Aphanipathes pedata holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105), spines on branch about 0.22 mm in diameter F Aphanipathes cf. pedata (USNM 1410008), spines on branch 0.16 mm in diameter." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887387" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">3E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="99943C36243BC7731734FE332779A848" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
The new species is also different from the other species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E52CD614E8F0EEA6AD845D1925A1D9FA" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE3E443F2BFFB42030FBC112A256412E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having longer terminal branchlets (> 20 cm vs 10 cm or less), wider terminal branchlet distal angles (90° vs 30-60°), and is mostly branched to the second order compared to three or more orders in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF716F7AD489C08D831122DD7CBA2A4E" lsidName="A. sarothamnoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="sarothamnoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="5F37B07B0E5B7ECCD890A2D547CFCFD5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">A. sarothamnoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="BCD559557AC23CE87216B70C5DFBE1BF" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Comparison of species of Aphanipathes and Anozopathes: A Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov., yellow line indicates from where holotype fragment USNM 1660436 was collected B Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype collected fragment (USNM 1660436) C Aphanipathes pedata holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105) D Anozopathes palauensis holotype (USNM 1007104) E Aphanipathes sarothamnoides part of holotype (NHMUK 1890.4.9.5) F polyps of Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436) G polyps of Anozopathes palauensis holotype (USNM 1007104)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887386" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">2E</figureCitation>
|
||
), as many as six orders in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ABCCAD22801687D9D2407B215788B27" lsidName="A. salix" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="salix">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAED2415E9A68008834E7367FC8C58C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">A. salix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81DBF848E8F54C9DF37E72C23FFFE4B8" lsidName="A. flailum" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="flailum">
|
||
<emphasis id="38EABD2B5CC2A722DDD9E401B36898BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">A. flailum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and ten or more orders in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B642754E1FFE86F7AF7D27A38B6F39F" lsidName="A. verticillata" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="verticillata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF69C909C045D5B629C9D92EBCCA2E7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">A. verticillata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="29193DB1A890CFD2670EDF96A8F0E871" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
The new species has a branching pattern that is like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="23786BF41D7DBDBDF72806BB0D3BEE9F" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anozopathes" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="73C358DCA13F35B722E308D3C4250A20" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Anozopathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Opresko & Bo, 2021 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="90016178D1BB04FBD4F9C8289BA2AFB7" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Comparison of species of Aphanipathes and Anozopathes: A Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov., yellow line indicates from where holotype fragment USNM 1660436 was collected B Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype collected fragment (USNM 1660436) C Aphanipathes pedata holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105) D Anozopathes palauensis holotype (USNM 1007104) E Aphanipathes sarothamnoides part of holotype (NHMUK 1890.4.9.5) F polyps of Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436) G polyps of Anozopathes palauensis holotype (USNM 1007104)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887386" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">2D</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, the new species is a much larger colony compared to other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBCB5924BB557B5672D563959BDDFF7A" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anozopathes" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C71DD122CE9EED9ED0A901CCB2E4329B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Anozopathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to branch lengths> 1 m vs max 0.18 m long, resulting in approximate colony widths and heights of 2 m (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="EC2DD32E9547714E664744FE8C1D0226" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Comparison of species of Aphanipathes and Anozopathes: A Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov., yellow line indicates from where holotype fragment USNM 1660436 was collected B Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype collected fragment (USNM 1660436) C Aphanipathes pedata holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105) D Anozopathes palauensis holotype (USNM 1007104) E Aphanipathes sarothamnoides part of holotype (NHMUK 1890.4.9.5) F polyps of Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436) G polyps of Anozopathes palauensis holotype (USNM 1007104)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887386" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
) vs 0.16 m in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="747A92A61D88E0532762FB6FE5C22051" authorityName="Opresko, Bo, Stein, Evankow, Distel & Brugler" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anozopathes palauensis" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="palauensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFB8D6E7194941A68AC902A8ECBC4594" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Anozopathes palauensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Opresko & Brugler, 2021 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A16AAB8D6A2CF59DF0E6C23010BB70CF" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Comparison of species of Aphanipathes and Anozopathes: A Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov., yellow line indicates from where holotype fragment USNM 1660436 was collected B Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype collected fragment (USNM 1660436) C Aphanipathes pedata holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105) D Anozopathes palauensis holotype (USNM 1007104) E Aphanipathes sarothamnoides part of holotype (NHMUK 1890.4.9.5) F polyps of Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436) G polyps of Anozopathes palauensis holotype (USNM 1007104)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887386" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">2D</figureCitation>
|
||
) and 0.36 m in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="244B6AA6EC12CC98B7AFA6BE292ED12B" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anozopathes hawaiiensis" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B01B7E27FBDDE632E076BBFB7BB3893D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Anozopathes hawaiiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Opresko & Bo, 2021. The new species also possesses a greater abundance of conical tubercles on the spines compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DF47B4C46632A76CCED3D88A57C65BB1" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anozopathes" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FDD3D49B6F39C91DC2D7871166A2254" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Anozopathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(20-40 vs six to eight). Lastly, the new species has smaller polyps than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C32F9FFEA075162D4655A0649EABCF4" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Anozopathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anozopathes" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5E9A0BEFF4D7AAB72896A09BFB65B2A7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Anozopathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(about 1.3 vs 2 mm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E3AD6C5AD744670A57F3D065B7ABC95" lsidName="Ano. palauensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="palauensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="AA113746082D492AE02F23F49C55BCB1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Ano. palauensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 3.6 mm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1076DEFB1E85229302442B12BBEEA87" lsidName="Ano. hawaiiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF0A6880CDF4DA3FAB3EAAAF8F3E47E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Ano. hawaiiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and greater polyp density per cm (6-8 vs 3-5 in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCCB4CF26FFA3556F57286E860287179" lsidName="Ano. palauensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="palauensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EB4F6092B02DCF69E0DEC628AE80B401" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Ano. palauensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 4-5 mm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="465767BC67097A64DCB85F069D934B0C" lsidName="Ano. hawaiiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="28F635F75F2FDC8C4B8E21A3211720FA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Ano. hawaiiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6CEACB8EB3BBAB2F61183FB8F10B6C5" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Comparison of species of Aphanipathes and Anozopathes: A Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov., yellow line indicates from where holotype fragment USNM 1660436 was collected B Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype collected fragment (USNM 1660436) C Aphanipathes pedata holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105) D Anozopathes palauensis holotype (USNM 1007104) E Aphanipathes sarothamnoides part of holotype (NHMUK 1890.4.9.5) F polyps of Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436) G polyps of Anozopathes palauensis holotype (USNM 1007104)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887386" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">2F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="07F0B1CC3D8A8FA71AAC37BEECD7D399" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="28262357C3670FC6B639988932136C65" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ACFCE5149E522636348A302E7F65DB2E" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
The species name "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B09A627371DC4C8EEEE71BF17DB5D2F" authorityName="Horowitz & Quattrini" authorityYear="2023" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes puertoricoensis" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="puertoricoensis">Aphanipathes puertoricoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
" is based on the type locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4040D15B2E94577E075F8DDE1538121A" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="364E9DC7095509B315B1782F37DBF044" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B919D94AC9EE045AFDCB9CF99DD69C1D" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Known only from Guayanilla Canyon, Puerto Rico, Caribbean Sea; 357 m depth.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |