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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.332.4753" ID-PMC="PMC3804768" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-332-95" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9C1CE036FFBF8D66FF024F74FFB0FFCC" ID-PubMed="24163583" ID-Zenodo-Dep="577540" ModsDocID="1313-2970-332-95" checkinTime="1451246929074" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Barney, Robert J., LeSage, Laurent &amp; Savard, Karine" docDate="2013" docId="850884FC4FE89A0B0908A52CA2123548" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 332: 95-176" docOrigin="ZooKeys 332" docPubDate="2013-09-19" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.332.4753" docTitle="Pachybrachis nigricornis" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="9C1CE036FFBF8D66FF024F74FFB0FFCC" lastPageNumber="122" masterDocId="9C1CE036FFBF8D66FF024F74FFB0FFCC" masterDocTitle="Pachybrachis (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae) of Eastern Canada" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="95" pageNumber="120" updateTime="1668156466159" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Pachybrachis (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae) of Eastern Canada</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Barney, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Gus R. Douglass Land-Grant Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States 25112 - 1000</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rbarney@wvstateu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>LeSage, Laurent</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Neatby Building, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K 1 A 0 C 6</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Savard, Karine</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Neatby Building, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K 1 A 0 C 6</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2013-09-19</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>332</mods:number>
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<mods:start>95</mods:start>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.332.4753</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.332.4753</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-332-95</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">9C1CE036FFBF8D66FF024F74FFB0FFCC</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152047708" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:850884FC4FE89A0B0908A52CA2123548" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/850884FC4FE89A0B0908A52CA2123548" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="25" pageNumber="120">
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="120" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicName LSID="850884FC-4FE8-9A0B-0908-A52CA2123548" authority="(Say, 1824)" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1824" class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pachybrachis nigricornis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricornis">
<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="120" start="start">Pachybrachis</pageBreakToken>
nigricornis (Say, 1824)
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Habitus 9a" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Habitus 9 a. Dorsal habitus of Pachybrachis nigricornis difficilis. Scale bar, 1 mrn." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20916" pageId="25" pageNumber="120">Habitus 9a</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Habitus 9b" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Habitus 9 b. Dorsal habitus of Pachybrachis nigricornis carbonarius. Almost black. Scale bar, 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20917" pageId="25" pageNumber="120">, 9b</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Habitus 9c" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Habitus 9 c. Dorsal habitus of Pachybrachis nigricornis carbonarius. Yellow at edge of elytra. Scale bar, 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20918" pageId="25" pageNumber="120">, 9c</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Map 9" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Map 9. The known distribution of Pachybrachis nigricornis in eastern Canada. SR - Saguenay River." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20944" pageId="25" pageNumber="120">; Map 9</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Pronotum: a reddish, with close-up of marginal bead, Pachybrachis bivittatus b mottled, Pachybrachis spumarius c with black M-mark, Pachybrachis m-nigrum d almost black, Pachybrachis nigricornis carbonarius." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20863" pageId="25" pageNumber="120">; Figures 6d</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Elytral punctures and coloration: a in rows in deep striae, Pachybrachis luctuosus b confused in basal half, in rows in apical half, Pachybrachis calcaratus c all confused, Pachybrachis hepaticus d confused and mottled, Pachybrachis spumarius e vittate with marginal vitta interrupted, Pachybrachis bivattatus f black, margined with yellow, Pachybrachis nigriconis carbonarius g entirely black, Pachybrachis luridus." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20864" pageId="25" pageNumber="120">, 7f</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="120" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cryptocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricornis">Cryptocephalus nigricornis</taxonomicName>
Say, 1824: 436.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonarius">Pachybrachys carbonarius</taxonomicName>
Haldeman, 1849: 260.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="autolycus">Pachybrachys autolycus</taxonomicName>
Fall, 1915: 458.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="autolycus">Pachybrachys autolycus</taxonomicName>
var.
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficillis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="120">Pachybrachis difficillis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fall, 1915: 459.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="autolycus">Pachybrachys autolycus</taxonomicName>
var.
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wahsatchensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="120">Pachybrachis wahsatchensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fall, 1915: 459.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonarius">Pachybrachys carbonarius</taxonomicName>
var.
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="120">Pachybrachis janus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fall, 1915: 462.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="120" type="recognition">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="120">Recognition.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="120">
Pronotum strongly alutaceous and opaque, more finely punctate than elytra. In subspecies
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="120">Pachybrachis difficilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, black stripes usually complete and distinct (
<figureCitation captionStart="Habitus 9a" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Habitus 9 a. Dorsal habitus of Pachybrachis nigricornis difficilis. Scale bar, 1 mrn." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20916" pageId="25" pageNumber="120">Habitus 9a</figureCitation>
), but in some specimens fused together. In subspecies
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonarius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="120">Pachybrachis carbonarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, elytra largely black (
<figureCitation captionStart="Habitus 9b" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Habitus 9 b. Dorsal habitus of Pachybrachis nigricornis carbonarius. Almost black. Scale bar, 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20917" pageId="25" pageNumber="120">Habitus 9b</figureCitation>
), margined with yellow, or with yellow at edge of elytra in some females (
<figureCitation captionStart="Habitus 9c" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Habitus 9 c. Dorsal habitus of Pachybrachis nigricornis carbonarius. Yellow at edge of elytra. Scale bar, 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20918" pageId="25" pageNumber="120">Habitus 9c</figureCitation>
); male size small: length 2.20
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.14 mm, width 1.21 mm
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.06 mm (
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="120">Pachybrachis difficilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); length 2.10
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.07 mm, width 1.17
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.04 mm (
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonarius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="120">Pachybrachis carbonarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="120" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="120">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="120">
The species
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1824" class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricornis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="120">Pachybrachis nigricornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distributed across the eastern two-thirds of North America (
<bibRefCitation author="Riley, EG" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterists Society" pageId="51" pageNumber="146" refId="B167" refString="Riley, EG, Clark, SM, Seeno, TN, 2003. Catalog of the leaf beetles of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae and Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society 1, 290 pp." title="Catalog of the leaf beetles of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae and Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae)." volume="1" year="2003">Riley et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
). The distribution of the subspecies remains a subject of debate (
<bibRefCitation author="Balsbaugh, EU" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="43" pageNumber="138" pagination="117 - 131" refId="B7" refString="Balsbaugh, EU, Tucker, WL, 1976. Geographical variation in Pachybrachis nigricornis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 30 (2): 117 - 131" title="Geographical variation in Pachybrachis nigricornis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." volume="30" year="1976">Balsbaugh and Tucker 1976</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Barney, RJ" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="43" pageNumber="138" pagination="467 - 474" publicationUrl="10.1649/1180.1" refId="B10" refString="Barney, RJ, Hall, SL, 2009. Pachybrachis nigricornis carbonarius Haldeman (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): abundance, distribution, and host plant associations with legumes (Fabales: Fabaceae) in Kentucky. The Coleopterists Bulletin 63 (4): 467 - 474, 10.1649/1180.1" title="Pachybrachis nigricornis carbonarius Haldeman (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): abundance, distribution, and host plant associations with legumes (Fabales: Fabaceae) in Kentucky." url="10.1649/1180.1" volume="63" year="2009">Barney and Hall 2009</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation captionStart="Map 9" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Map 9. The known distribution of Pachybrachis nigricornis in eastern Canada. SR - Saguenay River." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20944" pageId="25" pageNumber="120">Map 9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="25" pageNumber="120" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="120">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="120">
NEW BRUNSWICK: Kent Co., Kouchibouguac National Park, 7.VII.1978, Code 7785K, H. Goulet [3♂, CNC]; same data except Code 7754F [1♂ 1♀, CNC]; same data, except 13.VII.1977, code 5599I, G.A. Calderwood [1♂ 1♀, CNC]; same data, except 4.VIII.1977, code 5779G [1♂, CNC]; same data, except 25.VIII.1977, code 5849Y, S.J. Miller [1♂ 1♀, CNC]; Queens Co., Jemseg, 18.VI.1981, ex.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Michx" authorityYear="1803" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Potentilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="25" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="120">Potentilla simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, L. LeSage &amp; D. Ward [1♀, CNC].
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="25" pageNumber="120">
ONTARIO: Carleton Co., Britannia, 14.VI.1949, R. de Ruette [2♀, CNC]; Constance Bay, 12.VII.1996, lot 3, B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr [1♀, CNC]; Innis Point, 9-16.VII.1985, Interception trap, J. Denis &amp; L. Dumouchel [1♂, CNC]; Ottawa, 17.VII.1912, G. Ouellet [1♀, IDM]; Hasting Co., Trenton, 28.V.2000, Evans [1♂, CNC]; Kenora Co., Berens River, 4-9.VII.1938, W. J. Brown [1♂ 1♀, CNC]; Hwy 17, 15 km east of Borups Corners, 23.VI.1996, lot 2, B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr [1♀, CNC]; Leeds Co., Saint-Lawrence Island National Park, Grenadier Island Center, 27.V.1975, sweeping, E. Sigler [1♀, CNC]; Lennox - Addington Co. Kaladar, 21.VII.1996, lot 3, B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr [1♂, CNC]; Muskoka Co., Bala, 24.VI.1956, W. J. Brown [3♂ 11♀, CNC]; Nipissing Co., Algonquin Provincial Park near Brent, 19.VIII.1980, R. Baranowski [1♀, CNC]; Hwy11, 30 km north of North Bay, 14.VII.1995, lot 3, B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr [1♂ 1♀, CNC]; Hwy 17, 13 km west of Mattawa, 14.VI.1995, lot 1, B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr [2♀, CNC]; Parry Sound Co., Parry Sound, 12.VII.1961, G. Brumpton [2♂, CNC]; same data, except 12.VII.1995, lot 1, B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr [1♂, CNC]; Hwy 69, 12 km south Shawanaga, 13.VII.1995, Lot 3, B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr [1♀, CNC]; Prescott Co., Alfred Bog, 8.VI.1982, breeding, ex.
<taxonomicName authorityName="D. Don" authorityYear="1834" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Globothalamea" family="Cassidulinidae" genus="Cassandra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Chromista" lsidName="" order="Rotaliida" pageId="26" pageNumber="121" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="calyculata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="121">
<pageBreakToken pageId="26" pageNumber="121" start="start">Cassandra</pageBreakToken>
calyculata
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, L. LeSage [4♂ 4♀, CNC]; same data, except 4.VI.1982, ex.
<taxonomicName genus="Ericaceae" lsidName="" pageId="26" pageNumber="121" rank="genus">Ericaceae</taxonomicName>
[2♂ 4♀, CNC]; Prince Edward Co., 23.VI.1933, J. F. Brimley [1♀, CNC]; same data, except 1.VII.1936 [1♂, CNC]; same data, except 28.VI.1939 [1♂, CNC]; same data, except 19.VII.1942 [1♂, CNC]; same data, except 11-18.VI.1947 [12♂ 7♀, CNC]; same data, except 9.VI.1948 [8♂ 7♀, CNC]; same data, except 21.VI.1950 [2♀, CNC]; same data, except 17.VI.1953 [8♂ 14♀, CNC]; same data, except 19.VII.1961 [1♂, CNC]; same data, except 2.VII.2000, Evans [1♀, CNC]; Russell Co., Mer Bleue, 13.VI.1932, W. J. Brown [2♂ 1♀, CNC]; same data, except 30.VI.1932 [5♂, CNC]; same data, except 26.VII.1932 [1♂, CNC]; same data, except 30.VI.1934 [1♂, CNC]; same data, except 10.VIII.1936 [1♂, CNC]; same data, except 25.VII.1932, L. J. Milne [6♂ 3♀, CNC]; same data, except 29.VI.1954, E. C. Becker [2♂ 2♀, CNC]; same data, except 3.VII.1981, ex.
<taxonomicName authorityName="D. Don" authorityYear="1834" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Globothalamea" family="Cassidulinidae" genus="Cassandra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Chromista" lsidName="" order="Rotaliida" pageId="26" pageNumber="121" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="calyculata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="121">Cassandra calyculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, L. LeSage [1♂ 1♀, CNC]; same data, except 30.VII.1979, sweeping, H. Goulet [1♂, CNC]; Sudbury Co., Sudbury, 1898 [1♀, CNC]; Thunder Bay Co., Manitouwadge, paper yard, 3.VII.1985, T. Baker [1♂ 1♀, CNC]; 59 km north junction of highways 516 &amp; 599, 24.VI.1992, lot 1 B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr [1♂, CNC].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="121">
<normalizedToken originalValue="QUÉBEC">QUEBEC</normalizedToken>
: Beauce Co., Beauceville, 21.VI.1937,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Frère">Frere</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Étienne-Maurice">Etienne-Maurice</normalizedToken>
[1♀, CEUM]; Bonaventure Co.,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cascapédia">Cascapedia</normalizedToken>
, 22.VI.1933, W.J. Brown [1♂ CNC]; same data, except 9.VII.1933 [1♂, CNC]; same data, except 16.VIII.1933 [1♀, CNC];
<normalizedToken originalValue="Châteauguay">Chateauguay</normalizedToken>
Co., Ormstown, 12.VII.1977, E. J. Kiteley, sweeping [1♂, CNC]; Deux-Montagnes Co., La Trappe, VII.1933 [1♂ 1♀,
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="autolycus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="121">Pachybrachis autolycus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, var.
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficillis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="121">Pachybrachis difficillis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fall, Fall-MCZ]; same data, except 25.V.1929, P. Leopold [4♀, CEUM]; same data, except 2-19.VI.1936 [1♀, CEUM]; same data, except 21.VI.1933, J. Ouellet [5♂ 3♀, CEUM]; same data, except 23.VII.1933 [1♂, CEUM]; same data, except 3-28.VII.1934 [2♂ 1♀, CEUM]; same data, except 3-17.VII.1935 [1♂ 1♀, CEUM]; same data, except 15.VI.1946 [1♂, CEUM]; Gatineau Co., Aylmer, 11.VI.1932, W. J. Brown [6♂ 4♀, CNC]; Gracefield, 22.VI.1937, O. Peck [1♂, CNC]; Kazabazua, 28.VIII.1928, W. J. Brown [1♀, CNC]; Lytton, 1.VII.1981, weeds, side of road, A. Larochelle [1♂, CNC]; Mont King, Parc de la Gatineau 7-14.VII.1997, L. LeSage &amp; C. Lacroix [1♂ CNC]; Huntingdon Co., Saint-Antoine-
<normalizedToken originalValue="Abbé">Abbe</normalizedToken>
, 16.VI.1983, fern, A. Larochelle [2♀, CNC]; Joliette Co., Joliette, 12.VII.1922, J. Ouellet [1♂ 2♀, CEUM]; Labelle Co., Nominingue, 21.VII.1932 [1♂,
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="autolycus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="121">Pachybrachis autolycus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, var.
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficillis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="121">Pachybrachis difficillis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fall, Fall-MCZ]; same data, except 12-19.VII.1932, J. Ouellet [4♂ 3♀, CEUM]; same data, except 4.VII.1934, L. Daviault [1♀, CEUM]; Lac-Saint-Jean-Ouest Co., Mistassini, 28.VII.1944, A. Robert [1♂ 1♀, CEUM]; Montcalm Co., Parc du Mont-Tremblant, 22.VI.1956, A. Robert [1♀, CEUM]; same data, except 11.VII.1961 [1♀, CEUM]; Pontiac Co., Beech Grove, 10.VIII.1966, H. Goulet [1♂, CNC]; Portneuf Co., Sainte-Catherine, 3.VII.1956, J. C.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aubé">Aube</normalizedToken>
[1♀, LEMC];
<normalizedToken originalValue="Territoires-du-Nouveau-Québec">Territoires-du-Nouveau-Quebec</normalizedToken>
Co., Casa-Berardi, 22-29.VI.1997, interception trap, P. Paquin [2♂, LEM]; same data, except 6-27.VII.1997 [4♂ 2♀, LEM]; same data, except 3-24.VIII.1997 [3♂ 1♀, LEM]; Chemin Selbale, 6-27.VII.1997, interception trap, P. Paquin [1♂ 4♀, LEM].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="26" pageNumber="121" type="host plants">
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="121">Host plants.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="26" pageNumber="121">
Although over 200 specimens were examined, the only potential host plants recorded by collectors were
<taxonomicName authorityName="D. Don" authorityYear="1834" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Globothalamea" family="Cassidulinidae" genus="Cassandra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Chromista" lsidName="" order="Rotaliida" pageId="27" pageNumber="122" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="calyculata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="122">
<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="122" start="start">Cassandra</pageBreakToken>
calyculata
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) D. Don (
<taxonomicName genus="Ericaceae" lsidName="" pageId="27" pageNumber="122" rank="genus">Ericaceae</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Michx" authorityYear="1803" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Potentilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="122">Potentilla simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Michx. (
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Rosaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pinales" pageId="27" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
).
<bibRefCitation author="Balsbaugh, EU" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="43" pageNumber="138" pagination="117 - 131" refId="B7" refString="Balsbaugh, EU, Tucker, WL, 1976. Geographical variation in Pachybrachis nigricornis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 30 (2): 117 - 131" title="Geographical variation in Pachybrachis nigricornis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." volume="30" year="1976">Balsbaugh and Tucker (1976)</bibRefCitation>
reported that they collected series of
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonarius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="122">Pachybrachis carbonarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on wild strawberry (
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rosaceae" genus="Fragaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="122" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="122">Fragaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.) (
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Rosaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pinales" pageId="27" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
), and tick-trefoil (
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fabaceae" genus="Desmodium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="122" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="122">Desmodium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.) (
<taxonomicName genus="Fabaceae" lsidName="" pageId="27" pageNumber="122" rank="genus">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
) in Alabama.
<bibRefCitation author="Barney, RJ" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="43" pageNumber="138" pagination="467 - 474" publicationUrl="10.1649/1180.1" refId="B10" refString="Barney, RJ, Hall, SL, 2009. Pachybrachis nigricornis carbonarius Haldeman (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): abundance, distribution, and host plant associations with legumes (Fabales: Fabaceae) in Kentucky. The Coleopterists Bulletin 63 (4): 467 - 474, 10.1649/1180.1" title="Pachybrachis nigricornis carbonarius Haldeman (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): abundance, distribution, and host plant associations with legumes (Fabales: Fabaceae) in Kentucky." url="10.1649/1180.1" volume="63" year="2009">Barney and Hall (2009)</bibRefCitation>
reared the same subspecies on
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fabaceae" genus="Desmodium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="122" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="paniculatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="122">Desmodium paniculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. DC and
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lespedeza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="122" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="virginica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="122">Lespedeza virginica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Britton (
<taxonomicName genus="Fabaceae" lsidName="" pageId="27" pageNumber="122" rank="genus">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
) in Kentucky.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="122" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="122">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="122">
<bibRefCitation author="Balsbaugh, EU" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="43" pageNumber="138" pagination="117 - 131" refId="B7" refString="Balsbaugh, EU, Tucker, WL, 1976. Geographical variation in Pachybrachis nigricornis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 30 (2): 117 - 131" title="Geographical variation in Pachybrachis nigricornis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." volume="30" year="1976">Balsbaugh and Tucker (1976)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Riley, EG" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterists Society" pageId="51" pageNumber="146" refId="B167" refString="Riley, EG, Clark, SM, Seeno, TN, 2003. Catalog of the leaf beetles of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae and Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society 1, 290 pp." title="Catalog of the leaf beetles of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae and Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae)." volume="1" year="2003">Riley et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
recognized
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1824" class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricornis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="122">Pachybrachis nigricornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as having four subspecies in North America.
<bibRefCitation author="Fall, HC" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="46" pageNumber="141" pagination="291 - 486" refId="B76" refString="Fall, HC, 1915. A revision of the North American species of Pachybrachys. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 41: 291 - 486" title="A revision of the North American species of Pachybrachys." volume="41" year="1915">Fall (1915)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="autolycus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="122">Pachybrachis autolycus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a separate species with two
<normalizedToken originalValue="“varieties”">&quot;varieties&quot;</normalizedToken>
, and he added the variety
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="122">Pachybrachis janus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonarius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="122">Pachybrachis carbonarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which he also recognized as a separate species. Specimens from each of the provinces of NB, ON and QC included an assortment of var.
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonarius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="122">Pachybrachis carbonarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, var.
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="122">Pachybrachis difficilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the yellow variation of
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonarius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="122">Pachybrachis carbonarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as per
<bibRefCitation author="Barney, RJ" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="43" pageNumber="138" pagination="467 - 474" publicationUrl="10.1649/1180.1" refId="B10" refString="Barney, RJ, Hall, SL, 2009. Pachybrachis nigricornis carbonarius Haldeman (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): abundance, distribution, and host plant associations with legumes (Fabales: Fabaceae) in Kentucky. The Coleopterists Bulletin 63 (4): 467 - 474, 10.1649/1180.1" title="Pachybrachis nigricornis carbonarius Haldeman (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): abundance, distribution, and host plant associations with legumes (Fabales: Fabaceae) in Kentucky." url="10.1649/1180.1" volume="63" year="2009">Barney and Hall (2009)</bibRefCitation>
. In the &quot;Material examined&quot; section above, the QC specimens from
<normalizedToken originalValue="Falls">Fall's</normalizedToken>
personal collection (Fall-MCZ) are listed, with an indication of his identification label of
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="autolycus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="122">Pachybrachis autolycus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, var.
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficillis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="122">Pachybrachis difficillis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>