193 lines
28 KiB
XML
193 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="4F2E82F8754DA825B309A322CBFCD0D6" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.32035" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ef713f74-fc1f-47ea-8b87-ae6b959ab9fb" ID-HNS-Pub="20236" ModsDocAuthor="Fern<72>ndez, F." ModsDocID="20236" checkinTime="1244210911494" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Fernández, F." docDate="2003" docId="0AF88DAE38753A87BCBC138C41AD81E2" docLanguage="en" docName="20236_gg2.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 361" docSource="http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2003/zt00361.pdf" docTitle="Adelomyrmex" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="498CEE3BDC847973176576F046D5BAC9" masterDocTitle="Revision of the myrmicine ants of the Adelomyrmex genus-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1701311136115" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DC59CA96D8FA439E249E9056B2CF77E1">
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<mods:title id="831A7E47E999CDBCE6C2385AA5B94251">Revision of the myrmicine ants of the Adelomyrmex genus-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="8DB3D9208D6751B1778745993B7DDEA0" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9E2C0C01CF7884229B23068948DDBDB0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CC8E74C9DC9ED15ABD362D504BBB17A4">Fernández, F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="DF622C5403884CF292DAB16F6D542D63">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="448BC5D685D620F48F075191390CD55B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="28057E02A302E19109C9C17C54C43471">
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<mods:date id="D390CB67D407ABF8A0266DBED9B7A8B7">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="385AF6C44837688BA6FF3AB1F6BCC81F" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="475C11BD6052AEE127720C82894ECB28">361</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="6892327598AD2F547EB256E92BBE69EC">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="732E6B4D725C030E4129F2EB7F7A23E3">http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2003/zt00361.pdf</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="0F45137BAF2445422551D1CD737D1F0B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A49DC129B38725B205D8D7E34D1FD4B6" type="HNS-Pub">20236</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C775A40AAECB357EBA3B0D9706FA95F6" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.32035</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="0AF88DAE38753A87BCBC138C41AD81E2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6273884" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100126291" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6273884" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0AF88DAE38753A87BCBC138C41AD81E2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0AF88DAE38753A87BCBC138C41AD81E2" lastPageNumber="8" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="9A0C025D8E0FF9556E7BC8E579225256" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CFC9C725E09F9494B0DB63B3FDBF5037" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="D1F71FF423920407AD9A319F4E67EB99" ID-CoL="P32" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2325" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Adelomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Adelomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Adelomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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genus-group (Figs. 1-77)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="44A0BD45279112DF17A5CAED80081DAD" pageNumber="6">
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Genera included:
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<taxonomicName id="AEC772DE4BC5AB124C308E2CD6CF9D9F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2325" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Adelomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Adelomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Adelomyrmex Emery</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="C91C6BB1444CDAFB283DA77867214648" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24919" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Baracidris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Baracidris Bolton" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Baracidris Bolton</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1BA347C7AAE4D25B97A1B052133789B1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8F48D1414EC653A62272350E7A7E0F6C" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis. Myrmicine ants with the following combination of characters:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D873357078C056A5FDF4ACCFAF9FDAC1" pageNumber="6">Mandibles with 4 to 6 teeth in the masticatory margin. Internal side of mandibles with a row of 2-3 to 5-6 hairs modified as lamelliform setae. Clypeus with raised median longitudinal plate, ridge or strip. Palpal formula 2,2 or less. Frontal lobes not extending posteriorly as frontal carinae. Antennal scrobes absent. Antennae 12 segmented, with club 2-segmented. Propodeum angulated or armed with teeth. U-shaped sulcus in the basalmost portion of the first abdominal tergum. Monomorphic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DF85EEFB9872D96B65EDB11ECA3E95B0" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8C4CCE230FCE1CA5437D8211A973DDC3" pageNumber="6">
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Discussion. Two features noted above and setation of the clypeus require some discussion. The most interesting character, evidently an autapomorphy for the group, is the presence of modified setae on the internal face of the mandibles. Most ants exhibit setae on the internal face of the mandibles, mainly in form of a parallel row near the masticatory margin (Figs. 1, 2, 3). This configuration is more or less general in ants, with some few setae scattered or diffuse (
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<taxonomicName id="9287299C31D78EF6FDF09D34577B4A17" pageNumber="6" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ponerinae">Ponerinae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="EE064B374B902E9B78A5F899BCAB5451" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2262" lsidName-HNS="Pseudomyrmecinae Smith" pageNumber="6" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pseudomyrmecinae">Pseudomyrmecinae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="6D6800F2661ED111A203A9B6EB3C3C22" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2254" lsidName-HNS="Formicinae Latreille" pageNumber="6" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="5F65DC44306BA62CAEBD58A37C9B0159" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2258" lsidName-HNS="Myrmicinae Lepeletier" pageNumber="6" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrmicinae">Myrmicinae</taxonomicName>
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). For
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<taxonomicName id="9971CC0E11C7C834665924067BEFAFBD" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2325" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Adelomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Adelomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Adelomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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genus group, there is an important difference: these setae are lamelliform, transparent, varying in length and shape (Figs. 4, 5), from narrow and long to triangular or subtriangular. These lamelliform setae are very small and transparent, which makes their observation difficult with traditional magnification and light. Moreover, they need to be viewed from certain angles with particular light incidence. Also, in the ants normally mounted with mandibles closed, the internal setae are not visible. Only with the SEM pictures are the lamelliform setae easily visible (Figs. 4, 5) as a result of the gold coating.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="54D39632C92FB521D587A3F4E2D74F0D" lastPageNumber="7" pageNumber="6">
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The size and position of the lamellae suggest that these are modified setae, as stated below. These modified setae are very flexible, because in specimens with closed mandibles these structures bend on the integument. When a previously dry specimen is dampened and is mounted with open mandibles, the setae return to their erect position without breaking. The function of these structures is unknown, although they could be implicated in some type of sensorial specialization. Longino (1997) speculates about some kind of special prey for
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<taxonomicName id="71D7FECC3CD159E7FC8B4F4EC45A4627" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2325" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Adelomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Adelomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Adelomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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, based on the clypeomandibular configuration (lateral clypeal teeth opposed to teeth in basal margin of mandible, Fig. 9). Unfortunately we do not know what these ants eat.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="52AFBF6EA5B81607BA00EC7B22EE5CA7" pageNumber="7">
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In some
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<taxonomicName id="6D943AA32CB3DA0094B140E18E4EA047" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2325" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Adelomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Adelomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Adelomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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species the modified setae are parallel to the occlusal border, with few or none near the basal tooth of the basal margin. In other species, seemingly, the setae are located more toward the basal margin of the mandible or are limited to two on the internal face of the basal margin, between the tooth of basal margin and the basal tooth of occlusal margin.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B2F029A24401E8899C1E71880325DDAF" pageNumber="7">
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Although the U-shaped sulcus in the most basal portion of the first tergum (Fig. 6) may be a synapomorphy for the group (Bolton, pers. comm.), this structure is only shallowly impressed in some species. In workers of some other myrmicine genera (e.g.
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<taxonomicName id="198363191239AE2DB9780B484E6C2613" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24864" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmicaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myrmicaria Saunders" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myrmicaria</taxonomicName>
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sp.,
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<taxonomicName id="B576280DA369EC35760FBF97497F3EAC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:30635" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Meranoplus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Meranoplus mucronatus Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucronatus">Meranoplus mucronata</taxonomicName>
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) a similar structure is evident, and in the females of
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<taxonomicName id="90AEBAC5105568DAF3709DC757B78938" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2312" lsidName-HNS="Solenopsidini Forel" pageNumber="7" rank="tribe" tribe="Solenopsidini">Solenopsidini</taxonomicName>
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this sulcus is very deep. However, most myrmicines examined lack this sulcus(e.g.
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<taxonomicName id="FF67A3C6D55CB3E57C3722E283EA16FB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myrmica Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myrmica</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="30618BDB3424EF11579EF97B2FDDA2EC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24866" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hylomyrma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hylomyrma Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hylomyrma</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="D7D40D493BCC73033A19E0206664B5C1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Monomorium Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Monomorium</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="107673A1B444DAB4C9E15D111847BADB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24898" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Megalomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Megalomyrmex Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megalomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="F91B37491C7FA55F3E49A6BE40A46953" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24903" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Solenopsis Westwood" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Solenopsis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="56895FD559C4565F4FE1AD032E3ACF62" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24871" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ochetomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ochetomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ochetomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="8332676B2037936AC11831FEF86B52A7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24872" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tranopelta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tranopelta Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tranopelta</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="11EC0C49C9907E198443FF7974ED8239" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24893" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidologeton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidologeton Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidologeton</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="C89DBD4D8F0CC5C9C42A85E24339D792" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2365" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Atopomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Atopomyrmex André" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atopomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="D7D48EA55B8F2EC953F471DCC2A0C348" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2441" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Colobostruma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Colobostruma Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Colobostruma</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="745CE380AAF98BE94B9F0563081EA2A4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2442" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Daceton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Daceton Perty" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Daceton</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="37C439E12BB0674DD5D3418628E07B00" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole Westwood" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="ECD3C57F1761D7A1743E2DB06E7B9803" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2351" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aphaenogaster</taxonomicName>
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). I postulate that this trait has evolved more than once in
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<taxonomicName id="A67EC27E5F4AA0410062B7487EC5C8ED" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2258" lsidName-HNS="Myrmicinae Lepeletier" pageNumber="7" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrmicinae">Myrmicinae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="ACFAC6BE77F03E983F58C98649D769B0" pageNumber="7">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="73B2CAB1CD9FEDC5E69E766219D33F43" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2325" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Adelomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Adelomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Adelomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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exhibits an apical median seta on the clypeus, distinguished from the other clypeal setae, which I postulate as an apomorphic condition, but ancestral for the group. Nonetheless, the other genus of the group,
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<taxonomicName id="8CD44141CB67EEC87642E5531A94BBE6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24919" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Baracidris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Baracidris Bolton" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Baracidris</taxonomicName>
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, lacks this feature (at least the seta was not apparent at 200 X), which I believe to be a loss. Its absence could be a consequence of the reduction of the median clypeal fringe. However, if the clypeal configuration in
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<taxonomicName id="82E1165A1E8A6BC6274FD6BD1292223E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24919" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Baracidris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Baracidris Bolton" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Baracidris</taxonomicName>
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and some
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<taxonomicName id="723F3B2F76527543BF3F38889252D3C3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2325" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Adelomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Adelomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Adelomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="E66B4C994106224644076FE4DBD8A0F4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24994" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Adelomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Adelomyrmex biroi Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biroi">A. biroi</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="A61DC382D31947D30996DBA0C6C7C75A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24995" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Adelomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Adelomyrmex hirsutus Mann" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutus">A. hirsutus</taxonomicName>
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) is postulated to be ancestral, that is to say, the median portion of the clypeus represented merely by a narrow fringe, and the configuration in the species of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="13655C64ED8544B85DC8DC173640BA60" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2325" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Adelomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Adelomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Adelomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the derived condition, it can be thought that a central seta is an apomorphy for this genus alone, rather than for the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04B2A2E6D85E9EB757D0EDADF5691405" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2325" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Adelomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Adelomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Adelomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus-group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3BDBCE7E86996DF6900FA2E80FB04A54" pageNumber="7">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E00C5D357805D3C9C5668B14F9BD06C3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24903" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Solenopsis Westwood" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Solenopsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus group possesses an apical clypeal seta projected forward (Bolton, 1987). However, this group exhibits other traits (number of antennomeres in antennae and antennal club) that excludes the possibility of the inclusion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB719744E7BF9DAB4F9527D201D3C52" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2325" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Adelomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Adelomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Adelomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5F6D77ED4B3F568FA966A945B09C5991" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24919" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Baracidris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Baracidris Bolton" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Baracidris</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in the group. The median clypeal seta is also observed sporadically in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0B10A8E6D0D68FBF8E5B53B933B6E60" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2314" lsidName-HNS="Stenammini Ashmead" pageNumber="7" rank="tribe" tribe="Stenammini">Stenammini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Because the nearest tribe to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43D56C554832D457A37B28F8A79F9852" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2312" lsidName-HNS="Solenopsidini Forel" pageNumber="7" rank="tribe" tribe="Solenopsidini">Solenopsidini</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5F68547D9A96391EE6B0151776C8D17" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2304" lsidName-HNS="Pheidologetonini Emery" pageNumber="7" rank="tribe" tribe="Pheidologetonini">Pheidologetonini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bolton, pers. comm.), which lacks the central clypeal seta, I postulate that the presence of a central seta could be a convergence among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BC6D3D8F5769FDD97DFDBDAF353A37F2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2312" lsidName-HNS="Solenopsidini Forel" pageNumber="7" rank="tribe" tribe="Solenopsidini">Solenopsidini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AB07A94299533DD8670BDC2B3583368" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2325" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Adelomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Adelomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Adelomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus group and some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C03E64AEA5BFED87ECAF0CED3131172" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2314" lsidName-HNS="Stenammini Ashmead" pageNumber="7" rank="tribe" tribe="Stenammini">Stenammini</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DBB785AC0B8FB55856205778C88185C2" lastPageNumber="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
How could a central seta have evolved in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EF2DD3EA6E09DAAC9C54DFA71FD82705" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2325" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Adelomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Adelomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Adelomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||
? In the ancestral situation we can imagine a continuous, flat clypeus with a row of apical setae of similar size (as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8D576AB58DC3B58F5CDE4667ED24B5D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myrmica Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myrmica</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CE340F3A404278C7C7A5E35A6A8274DC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24927" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetramorium Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tetramorium</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Fig. 1). When the median bulge of the clypeus developed, some of these setae "migrated" to different positions, leaving one of them as central, accompanied at sides by paracarinal setae (Ettershank, 1966). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9DA684B7575565FE7C5D321BB0AA4E7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2312" lsidName-HNS="Solenopsidini Forel" pageNumber="8" rank="tribe" tribe="Solenopsidini">Solenopsidini</taxonomicName>
|
||
the clypeus does not present the degree of modifications as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C23AE354C75A3BD044068FFCA27ED72" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2325" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Adelomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Adelomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Adelomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus group; so the presence of a central seta must have an independent origin in this group. The same may be stated for those few
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C1A764D076A9C2C33B7E9AEF9D003ADE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2314" lsidName-HNS="Stenammini Ashmead" pageNumber="8" rank="tribe" tribe="Stenammini">Stenammini</taxonomicName>
|
||
that possess a central clypeal seta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1C5585F8FC7812154AAED1809776E7B4" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="DFDB5D25591E61D0E587382A7199A379" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Geographical distribution. The range of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="738EEE412D3CA6816E2E626F27D83349" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2325" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Adelomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Adelomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Adelomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus-group includes the Neotropical and Afrotropical Regions, New Guinea, toward the eastern end of the Oriental Region, and the Samoan and Fijian archipelagoes in Oceania. See "Biogeographical Considerations ", below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A37CA15CF818FE07199AB37D9107BFA6" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="623C4CD98F020997F381756944976522" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Key to genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D93AEA3EA32C08268D0504F30A660A4C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2325" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Adelomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Adelomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Adelomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus-group
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66FE6C22A0AB8F19E3CDACD4163CCA6F" pageNumber="8">
|
||
1 Basal border of mandible with tooth (as in Fig. 54); apical clypeal seta usually present (as in Fig. 9) and hypostomal bridge with median tooth as in (Fig. 29) or petiolar node low, poorly differentiated (Figs. 64, 65); Neotropics, New Guinea, Fiji, Samoa .......... ......................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F05E22299BB61E5586923DAC6404D22C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2325" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Adelomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Adelomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Adelomyrmex Emery</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="29A65817410F0C9B3C28AF78C9AFCADD" pageNumber="8">
|
||
- Basal border of mandible unarmed (Fig. 69); apical clypeal seta absent or not noticeable(Fig. 69); hypostomal bridge simple; node of petiole high (Fig. 69); West and Central Africa....................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCB91CF4FEAC893BB1F159A593D731D7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24919" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Baracidris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Baracidris Bolton" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Baracidris Bolton</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |