251 lines
34 KiB
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251 lines
34 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="CAA5398390A87AE19602D6863E03553C">A case of biodiversity overestimation in the Balkan Belgrandiella A. J. Wagner, 1927 (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae): molecular divergence not paralleled by high morphological variation</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="612D291EAAF959F11C9682AE7C5868EE">Osikowski, Artur</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9975F2F41187C91C3A6D032D1E24759D">Hofman, Sebastian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EDEE0BFE011121C172D2113C6DD9862C">Rysiewska, Aleksandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7DFDB5816B1D0EE1E456DF53B35B5D02">Sket, Boris</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3FF2CC9399F8F7D07DE4688105606C4F">Falniowski, Andrzej</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3C0441C2AEFC30C58DB1157762A8DA1F">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E1187F49B46CAEC2ECB05CD7B0CADB3F">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1793F0AB0AA1CC299AF81C780A3AE2CA">2018-02-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5DF65321182C3C86EE82FB75F39531B1">52</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AC236DB68EB1570B4D685FB71DD236F2">5 - 6</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C31B57A7FF94FF87B7DDFBD5FD5AFB8F" box="[160,723,1024,1051]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBE042CFF94FF87B7DDFBD5FD5AFB8F" blockId="2.[160,723,1024,1051]" box="[160,723,1024,1051]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">
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<heading id="D0F6B340FF94FF87B7DDFBD5FD5AFB8F" box="[160,723,1024,1051]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B975D83EFF94FF87B7DDFBD5FD5AFB8F" bold="true" box="[160,723,1024,1051]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">
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Taxonomy of
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<taxonomicName id="4C017FAFFF94FF87B624FBD4FD8AFB8F" ID-CoL="7NSWY" authorityName="A. J. Wagner" authorityYear="1927" box="[345,515,1024,1051]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Belgrandiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B975D83EFF94FF87B624FBD4FD8AFB8F" bold="true" box="[345,515,1024,1051]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Belgrandiella</emphasis>
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– a state of art
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C017FAFFF94FF87B7DDFBE2FD8FFBDB" ID-CoL="7NSWY" authority="A. J. Wagner, 1927" authorityName="A. J. Wagner" authorityYear="1927" box="[160,518,1078,1103]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Belgrandiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B975D83EFF94FF87B7DDFBE2FEA3FBDB" box="[160,298,1078,1103]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Belgrandiella</emphasis>
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A. J.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF94FF87B616FBE3FD8FFBDB" author="Wagner A" box="[363,518,1079,1103]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="263 - 399" refId="ref9675" refString="Wagner A. 1927. Studien zur Molluskenfauna der Balkanhalbinsel mit besonderer Berucksichtigung Bulgariens und Thraziens, nebst monographicher Bearbeitung einzelner Gruppen. Ann Zool Mus Pol Hist Nat Warszawa. 6: 263 - 399." type="journal article" year="1927">Wagner, 1927</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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presents a group of minute, dioecious, caenogastropod snails, obligatory or at least facultative stygobionts, inhabiting caves and springs of southern Europe from
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<collectingCountry id="F31644BCFF94FF87B648FBA9FE07FB01" box="[309,398,1149,1173]" name="Slovakia" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
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to the southern Balkans, and from
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<collectingCountry id="F31644BCFF94FF87B45CFBA9FCD7FB01" box="[801,862,1149,1173]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Spain</collectingCountry>
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||
to the Caucasus and
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<collectingCountry id="F31644BCFF94FF87B32BFBA9FF6AFB23" name="Turkey" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Asia Minor</collectingCountry>
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. However, such
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<emphasis id="B975D83EFF94FF87B6E8FB4BFDA3FB23" box="[405,554,1182,1207]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">‘Belgrandiella’</emphasis>
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included nearly all the minute, not valvatiform, mostly turriform-shelled caenogastropods with a moderately high spire. Subsequent anatomical studies led to the proposal of several genera, including,
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<taxonomicName id="4C017FAFFF94FF87B47DFB30FB91FB69" ID-CoL="7P7R8" authority="Boeters, 1970" authorityName="Boeters" authorityYear="1970" box="[768,1048,1252,1277]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Litthabitella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B975D83EFF94FF87B47DFB30FCF7FB69" box="[768,894,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Litthabitella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF94FF87B4F9FB31FB91FB69" author="Boeters HD" box="[900,1048,1253,1277]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="113 - 145" refId="ref7219" refString="Boeters HD. 1970. Die Gattung Microna Clessin, 1980 (Prosobranchia, Hydrobiidae). Arch Moll. 100: 113 - 145." type="journal article" year="1970">Boeters, 1970</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C017FAFFF94FF87B35EFB30FEC5FA8B" ID-CoL="7P4KL" authority="Radoman, 1975" authorityName="Radoman" authorityYear="1975" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Graziana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B975D83EFF94FF87B35EFB30FB0DFB69" box="[1059,1156,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Graziana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF94FF87B7DDFAD3FEC5FA8B" author="Radoman P" box="[160,332,1287,1311]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="29 - 69" refId="ref8890" refString="Radoman P. 1975. Specijacija u ookviru roda Belgrandiella i njemu srodnih rodova na Balkanskom poluostrovu. Glasnik Prirogdnjackog Museja, Beograd, series B. 30: 29 - 69, plates 1 - 4 [In Serbian; English summary]." type="journal article" year="1975">Radoman, 1975</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C017FAFFF94FF87B624FAD2FD5DFA8B" ID-CoL="7PD5C" authority="Radoman, 1978" authorityName="Radoman" authorityYear="1978" box="[345,724,1286,1311]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pontobelgrandiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B975D83EFF94FF87B624FAD2FDA8FA8B" box="[345,545,1286,1311]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Pontobelgrandiella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF94FF87B554FAD3FD5DFA8B" author="Radoman P" box="[553,724,1287,1311]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="27 - 43" refId="ref8935" refString="Radoman P. 1978. Neue vertreter der gruppe hydrobioidea von der balkanhalbinsel. Arch. Moll. 109: 27 - 43." type="journal article" year="1978">Radoman, 1978</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C017FAFFF94FF87B470FAD2FBF7FA8B" ID-CoL="7NNZ2" authority="Giusti and Bodon, 1984" authorityName="Giusti and Bodon" authorityYear="1984" box="[781,1150,1286,1311]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Alzoniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B975D83EFF94FF87B470FAD2FCFDFA8B" box="[781,884,1286,1311]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Alzoniella</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF94FF87B406FAD3FBF7FA8B" author="Giusti F & Bodon M" box="[891,1150,1287,1311]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="157 - 181" refId="ref7864" refString="Giusti F, Bodon M. 1984. Nuove hydrobiidae dell ' italia nord-occidentale (gastropoda: prosobranchia). Arch Moll. 114: 157 - 181." type="journal article" year="1984">Giusti and Bodon, 1984</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. All of the Bulgarian
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<emphasis id="B975D83EFF94FF87B607FAFEFD86FAD6" box="[378,527,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">‘Belgrandiella’</emphasis>
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belong to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C017FAFFF94FF87B580FAFDFC4CFAD6" ID-CoL="7PD5C" authorityName="Radoman" authorityYear="1978" box="[765,965,1321,1346]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pontobelgrandiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B975D83EFF94FF87B580FAFDFC4CFAD6" box="[765,965,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Pontobelgrandiella</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF94FF87B4AAFAFEFF5FFAF1" author="Rysiewska A & Georgiev D & Osikowski A & Hofman S & Falniowski A" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref9140" refString="Rysiewska A, Georgiev D, Osikowski A, Hofman S, Falniowski A. 2016. Pontobelgrandiella Radoman, 1973 (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae): A recent invader of subterranean waters? J Conchol. 42: 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="2016">Rysiewska et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF94FF87B79CFA99FE30FAF1" author="Georgiev D & Osikowski A & Hofman S & Rysiewska A & Falniowski A" box="[225,441,1357,1381]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="15 - 25" refId="ref7804" refString="Georgiev D, Osikowski A, Hofman S, Rysiewska A, Falniowski A. 2017. Contribution to the morphology of the Bulgarian stygobiont Truncatelloidea (Caenogastropoda). Folia Malacol. 25: 15 - 25." type="journal article" year="2017">Georgiev et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
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||
), the one Slovakian taxon is
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C017FAFFF94FF87B590FA98FBD9FAF1" ID-CoL="7NNZ2" authority="(Szarowska et al. 2011)" baseAuthorityName="Szarowska" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[749,1104,1356,1381]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Alzoniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975D83EFF94FF87B590FA98FCDAFAF1" box="[749,851,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Alzoniella</emphasis>
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||
(Szarowska et al. 2011)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and none of the Greek
|
||
<emphasis id="B975D83EFF94FF87B604FABBFD84FA13" box="[377,525,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">‘Belgrandiella’</emphasis>
|
||
listed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF94FF87B502FABBFC9CFA13" author="Schutt H" box="[639,789,1391,1415]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="115 - 149" refId="ref9316" refString="Schutt H. 1980. Zur Kenntnis griechischer Hydrobiiden. Arch Moll. 110: 115 - 149." type="journal article" year="1980">Schütt (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
belong to this genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF94FF87B365FABBFF5FFA3E" author="Radoman P" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="1 - 173" refId="ref8999" refString="Radoman P. 1985. Hydrobioidea, a superfamily of Prosobranchia (Gastropoda). II. Origin, zoogeography, evolution in the Balkans and Asia Minor. Faculty of Science - Department of Biology Monographs, 1, Institute of Zoology Beograd. 1: 1 - 173." type="journal article" year="1985">Radoman 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF94FF87B79DFA46FE07FA3E" author="Szarowska M" box="[224,398,1426,1450]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="99 - 168" refId="ref9398" refString="Szarowska M. 2006. Molecular phylogeny, systematics and morphological character evolution in the Balkan Rissooidea (Caenogastropoda). Folia Malacol. 14: 99 - 168." type="journal article" year="2006">Szarowska 2006</bibRefCitation>
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||
; Falniowski et al. 2012). Hence, the
|
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<emphasis id="B975D83EFF94FF87B474FA46FC87FA3E" box="[777,782,1426,1450]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">‘</emphasis>
|
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real
|
||
<emphasis id="B975D83EFF94FF87B44BFA46FC43FA3E" box="[822,970,1425,1450]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">
|
||
’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C017FAFFF94FF87B43DFA45FC43FA3E" ID-CoL="7NSWY" authorityName="A. J. Wagner" authorityYear="1927" box="[832,970,1425,1450]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Belgrandiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Belgrandiella</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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||
inhabit
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<collectingCountry id="F31644BCFF94FF87B35FFA46FB08FA3E" box="[1058,1153,1426,1450]" name="Slovenia" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
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||
, northern
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<collectingCountry id="F31644BCFF94FF87B674FA61FEB0FA59" box="[265,313,1461,1485]" name="Italy" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31644BCFF94FF87B639FA61FE1DFA59" box="[324,404,1461,1485]" name="Croatia" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Croatia</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F31644BCFF94FF87B6DDFA61FD27FA59" box="[416,686,1461,1485]" name="Bosnia and Herzegovina" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Bosnia and Herzegovina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, as well as
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31644BCFF94FF87B450FA61FCF3FA59" box="[813,890,1461,1485]" name="Austria" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31644BCFF94FF87B362FA61FB0AFA59" box="[1055,1155,1461,1485]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF94FF87B7DBFA03FE2BFA7B" author="Giusti F & Pezzoli E" box="[166,418,1495,1519]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="8" refId="ref7893" refString="Giusti F, Pezzoli E. 1980. Gasteropodi, 2 (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia; Hydrobioidea, Pyrguloidea). In: AQ / 1 / 47, Guide per il riconoscimento delle specie animali delle acque interne Italiane 8. Verona: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche." type="book chapter" year="1980">Giusti and Pezzoli 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF94FF87B6D1FA03FDD9FA7B" author="Radoman P" box="[428,592,1495,1519]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" refId="ref8959" refString="Radoman P. 1983. Hydrobioidea a superfamily of Prosobranchia (Gastropoda). I. Systematics. Vol. 547. Belgrade: Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Department of Sciences Monographs; p. 57." type="journal volume" year="1983">Radoman 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF94FF87B526FA03FD18FA7B" author="Radoman P" box="[603,657,1495,1519]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="1 - 173" refId="ref8999" refString="Radoman P. 1985. Hydrobioidea, a superfamily of Prosobranchia (Gastropoda). II. Origin, zoogeography, evolution in the Balkans and Asia Minor. Faculty of Science - Department of Biology Monographs, 1, Institute of Zoology Beograd. 1: 1 - 173." type="journal article" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF94FF87B5E6FA03FC2FFA7B" author="Kabat AR & Hershler R" box="[667,934,1495,1519]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref8487" refString="Kabat AR, Hershler R. 1993. The prosobranch snail family hydrobiidae (Gastropoda: Rissooidea): review of classification and supraspecific taxa. Smithsonian Contrib Zool. 547: 1 - 94." type="journal article" year="1993">Kabat and Hershler 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF94FF87B4CDFA03FBB7FA7B" author="Boeters HD" box="[944,1086,1495,1519]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref7245" refString="Boeters HD. 1998. Mollusca: Gastropoda: Superfamilie Rissooidea. In: Brauer A, Schwoerbel J, Zwick P, editors. Susswasserfauna von Mitteleuropa. Begrundet von A. Brauer, 5 / 1 - 2. Jena - Lubeck - Ulm: Gustav Fischer Verlag." type="journal article" year="1998">Boeters 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF94FF87B335FA03FF5FF986" author="Gloer P" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="73" refId="ref7942" refString="Gloer P. 2002. Die Susswassergastropoden Nord- und Mitteleuropas, Bestimmungsschlussel, Lebensweise, Verbreitung. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, vol. 73 [Freshwater gastropods of North and Middle Europe, identification, biology, distribution. Fauna of Germany, vol. 73]. Hackenheim: Conchbooks." type="journal article" year="2002">Glöer 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Glöer and PeŠiĆ 2014;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF94FF87B6ABFA2EFD75F986" author="Falniowski A & Beran L" box="[470,764,1530,1554]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="187 - 191" refId="ref7586" refString="Falniowski A, Beran L. 2015. Belgrandiella A. J. Wagner, 1928 (Caenogastropoda: Truncatelloidea: Hydrobiidae): how many endemics? Folia Malacol. 23: 187 - 191." type="journal article" year="2015">Falniowski and Beran 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE042CFF94FF86B7BDF9C9FD61FD3A" blockId="2.[160,1156,1078,1727]" lastBlockId="3.[160,1156,142,894]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="325" pageId="2" pageNumber="324">
|
||
For many years all the species descriptions of Truncatelloidea were based entirely on the shell characters. Later, the anatomy of the female reproductive system as well as the morphology of the penis were considered in species descriptions (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF94FF87B33FF9B6FEEEF909" author="Giusti F & Pezzoli E" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="8" refId="ref7893" refString="Giusti F, Pezzoli E. 1980. Gasteropodi, 2 (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia; Hydrobioidea, Pyrguloidea). In: AQ / 1 / 47, Guide per il riconoscimento delle specie animali delle acque interne Italiane 8. Verona: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche." type="book chapter" year="1980">Giusti and Pezzoli 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF94FF87B60AF951FD86F909" author="Boeters HD" box="[375,527,1669,1693]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="113 - 145" refId="ref7219" refString="Boeters HD. 1970. Die Gattung Microna Clessin, 1980 (Prosobranchia, Hydrobiidae). Arch Moll. 100: 113 - 145." type="journal article" year="1970">Boeters 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF94FF87B562F951FDDEF909" author="Boeters HD" box="[543,599,1669,1693]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref7245" refString="Boeters HD. 1998. Mollusca: Gastropoda: Superfamilie Rissooidea. In: Brauer A, Schwoerbel J, Zwick P, editors. Susswasserfauna von Mitteleuropa. Begrundet von A. Brauer, 5 / 1 - 2. Jena - Lubeck - Ulm: Gustav Fischer Verlag." type="journal article" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF94FF87B51AF951FD7DF909" author="Bodon M" box="[615,756,1669,1693]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="55 - 63" refId="ref7141" refString="Bodon M. 1988. Note anatomische su " Belgrandiella " hartwigschuetti Reischutz e revisione della sua posizione sistematica (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Hydrobiidae). Arch Moll. 110: 55 - 63." type="journal article" year="1988">Bodon 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF94FF87B479F951FC1EF909" author="Haase M" box="[772,919,1669,1693]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="91 - 109" refId="ref8032" refString="Haase M. 1993 a. Hauffenia kerschneri (Zimmermann 1930): zwei Arten zweier Gattungen (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae). Arch Moll. 121: 91 - 109." type="journal article" year="1993">Haase 1993a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF94FF87B4DAF951FC67F909" author="Haase M" box="[935,1006,1669,1693]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="181 - 186" refId="ref8064" refString="Haase M. 1993 b. Belgrandiella ganslmayri, a new hydrobiid species from Upper Austria (Caenogastropoda). Ann Naturh Mus Wien. 94 / 95 B: 181 - 186." type="journal article" year="1993">1993b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF94FF87B483F951FBBFF909" author="Haase M" box="[1022,1078,1669,1693]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="219 - 246" refId="ref8098" refString="Haase M. 1994. Differentiation of selected species of Belgrandiella and the redefined genus Graziana (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae). Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 111: 219 - 246." type="journal article" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF94FF87B33BF951FBF7F909" author="Haase M" box="[1094,1150,1669,1693]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="119 - 129" refId="ref8175" refString="Haase M. 1996. The radiation of spring snails of the genus Belgrandiella in Austria (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: hydrobiidae). Hydrobiologia. 319: 119 - 129." type="journal article" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF94FF87B7DDF973FEE2F92B" author="Haase M & Weigand E & Haseke H" box="[160,363,1703,1727]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="179 - 189" refId="ref8207" refString="Haase M, Weigand E, Haseke H. 2000. Two new species of the family Hydrobiidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) from Austria. Veliger. 43: 179 - 189." type="journal article" year="2000">Haase et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF94FF87B601F973FE75F92B" author="Gloer P" box="[380,508,1703,1727]" pageId="2" pageNumber="324" pagination="73" refId="ref7942" refString="Gloer P. 2002. Die Susswassergastropoden Nord- und Mitteleuropas, Bestimmungsschlussel, Lebensweise, Verbreitung. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, vol. 73 [Freshwater gastropods of North and Middle Europe, identification, biology, distribution. Fauna of Germany, vol. 73]. Hackenheim: Conchbooks." type="journal article" year="2002">Glöer 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the other hand, there are opinions that between the closely related representatives of the same genus, differences in anatomy are not necessarily present and, in many cases, would not be expected (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF95FF86B4B5FF65FBFFFF5D" author="Radoman P" box="[968,1142,177,201]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" refId="ref8959" refString="Radoman P. 1983. Hydrobioidea a superfamily of Prosobranchia (Gastropoda). I. Systematics. Vol. 547. Belgrade: Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Department of Sciences Monographs; p. 57." type="journal volume" year="1983">Radoman 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<emphasis id="B975D83EFF95FF86B7AAFF07FF54FF7F" box="[215,221,211,235]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">‘</emphasis>
|
||
lock-and-key
|
||
<emphasis id="B975D83EFF95FF86B613FF07FEFDFF7F" box="[366,372,211,235]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">’</emphasis>
|
||
mechanism (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF95FF86B56BFF00FD17FF78" author="Masly JP" box="[534,670,212,236]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref8685" refString="Masly JP. 2012. 170 Years of " Lock-and-Key ": genital Morphology and Reproductive Isolation. Int J Evol Biol. 2012: 1 - 10. Article ID 247352." type="journal article" year="2012">Masly 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), known mostly in arthropods, is hardly expected in molluscs, whose copulatory organs lack any sclerotised structures, and are more variable than is usually noted (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF95FF86B5FAFECDFCCBFEA5" author="Falniowski A" box="[647,834,281,305]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" pagination="1 - 122" refId="ref7563" refString="Falniowski A. 1987. Hydrobioidea of Poland (Prosobranchia: Gastropoda). Folia Malacol. 1: 1 - 122." type="journal article" year="1987">Falniowski 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF95FF86B429FECDFF51FEC0" author="Szarowska M & Falniowski A" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" refId="ref9428" refString="Szarowska M, Falniowski A. 2008. There is no philosopher ' s stone: coup de grace for the morphology-based systematics in the rissooidean gastropods?. In: Antonio Manuel de Frias Martins editor. 5 th Congress of the European Malacological Societies. Ponta Delgada; p. 28." type="journal volume" year="2008">Szarowska and Falniowski 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF95FF86B794FEE8FDD4FEC0" author="Falniowski A & Szarowska M" box="[233,605,316,340]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" pagination="67 - 90" refId="ref7623" refString="Falniowski A, Szarowska M. 2011. Radiation and phylogeography in a spring snail Bythinella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rissooidea) in continental Greece. Ann Zool Fenn. 48: 67 - 90." type="journal article" year="2011">Falniowski and Szarowska 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Falniowski et al. 2012). Also, the anatomy of species belonging to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C017FAFFF95FF86B6B3FE89FDD7FEE2" ID-CoL="7NSWY" authorityName="A. J. Wagner" authorityYear="1927" box="[462,606,349,374]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Belgrandiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975D83EFF95FF86B6B3FE89FDD7FEE2" box="[462,606,349,374]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Belgrandiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is simplified as a result of miniaturisation and so made similar because of inevitable adaptations to osmoregulation, internal fertilisation and embryonic development inside a capsule, all necessary in a freshwater habitat. Thus, anatomical similarities are the result of parallelism, or even convergence, at least in many cases, and need not necessarily reflect common ancestry. In general, homoplasies are common in the Mollusca (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF95FF86B430FDD8FBF7FDB0" author="Fretter V & Graham A" box="[845,1150,524,548]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" refId="ref7781" refString="Fretter V, Graham A. 1962. British Prosobranch Molluscs. Their functional anatomy and ecology. London: Ray Society." type="book" year="1962">Fretter and Graham 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF95FF86B7DDFDFAFEE2FDD2" author="Haszprunar G" box="[160,363,558,582]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" pagination="367 - 441" refId="ref8276" refString="Haszprunar G. 1988. On the origin and evolution of major gastropod groups, with special reference to the Streptoneura. J Moll Stud. 54: 367 - 441." type="journal article" year="1988">Haszprunar 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF95FF86B6F9FDFAFDCAFDD2" author="Szarowska M" box="[388,579,558,582]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" pagination="99 - 168" refId="ref9398" refString="Szarowska M. 2006. Molecular phylogeny, systematics and morphological character evolution in the Balkan Rissooidea (Caenogastropoda). Folia Malacol. 14: 99 - 168." type="journal article" year="2006">Szarowska 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Notably, all the descriptions of the Balkan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C017FAFFF95FF86B7DDFD84FEB9FDFD" ID-CoL="7NSWY" authorityName="A. J. Wagner" authorityYear="1927" box="[160,304,592,617]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Belgrandiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975D83EFF95FF86B7DDFD84FEB9FDFD" box="[160,304,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Belgrandiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exclude reproductive anatomy and are entirely based on the shell, whose high degree of variability has been established (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF95FF86B405FDA7FBBAFD1F" author="Falniowski A" box="[888,1075,627,651]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" pagination="1 - 122" refId="ref7563" refString="Falniowski A. 1987. Hydrobioidea of Poland (Prosobranchia: Gastropoda). Folia Malacol. 1: 1 - 122." type="journal article" year="1987">Falniowski 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF95FF86B338FDA7FE19FD3A" author="Wilke T & Falniowski A" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" pagination="227 - 234" refId="ref9809" refString="Wilke T, Falniowski A. 2001. The genus Adriohydrobia (Hydrobiidae: Gastropoda): polytypic species or polymorphic populations? J Zool Syst Evol Res. 39: 227 - 234." type="journal article" year="2001">Wilke and Falniowski 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9079DDFF95FF86B6DDFD42FD52FD3A" author="Falniowski A & Beran L" box="[416,731,662,686]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" pagination="187 - 191" refId="ref7586" refString="Falniowski A, Beran L. 2015. Belgrandiella A. J. Wagner, 1928 (Caenogastropoda: Truncatelloidea: Hydrobiidae): how many endemics? Folia Malacol. 23: 187 - 191." type="journal article" year="2015">Falniowski and Beran 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31B57A7FF95FF86B7BDFD6DFC31FCEA" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE042CFF95FF86B7BDFD6DFC31FCEA" blockId="3.[160,1156,142,894]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">
|
||
In the case of the Balkan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C017FAFFF95FF86B696FD6CFDF1FD45" authorityName="A. J. Wagner" authorityYear="1927" box="[491,632,696,721]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Belgrandiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975D83EFF95FF86B696FD6CFDF1FD45" box="[491,632,696,721]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Belgrandiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
we therefore have the following information only: (1) dry shell description and photograph or drawing, and (2)
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BABA8EFF95FF86B4E8FD0FFC4EFD67" box="[917,967,731,755]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (if given precisely). All the other data, concerning distribution and/or variation in shell morphology, may be results of erroneous identification with a nominal species. To test the distinctness of the nominal taxa, we applied data from molecular markers: mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), nuclear histone H
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3562EBFF95FF86B475FCB2FCC5FCEA" box="[776,844,870,894]" degrees="3, 18" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" precision="555" value="-3.18">3, 18S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
and 28S.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |