206 lines
17 KiB
XML
206 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714044" ID-GBIF-Dataset="df4b6a3c-ae64-4bcf-a990-77fc6599759c" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-49-1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714044" checkinTime="1633643323770" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2009" docId="038F87D4CA41FFAECAA33A7FF68BFD51" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_1_Mustelidae_0564.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Galictis cuja" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="636" masterDocId="FFB6FFACCA50FFBFCA653C08FF86FF9C" masterDocTitle="Mustelidae" masterLastPageNumber="656" masterPageNumber="564" pageNumber="636" updateTime="1658240032535" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Mustelidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2009</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2009-01-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>564</mods:start>
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<mods:end>656</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714044</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">df4b6a3c-ae64-4bcf-a990-77fc6599759c</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-96553-49-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5714044</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714091" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190302394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714091" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87D4CA41FFAECAA33A7FF68BFD51" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F87D4CA41FFAECAA33A7FF68BFD51" lastPageNumber="636" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">
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<heading pageId="17" pageNumber="636">
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<subSubSection box="[198,255,1655,1701]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="17.[196,873,1655,1741]" box="[198,255,1655,1701]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">
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<figureCitation box="[198,255,1655,1701]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="16.[155,185,3407,3428]" captionTargetBox="[12,2806,13,3639]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="On following pages: 21. Lesser Grison (Galictis cuja); 22. Greater Grison (Galictis vittata), 23. Marbled Polecat (Vormela peregusna); 24. Saharan Striped Polecat (/ctonyx libycus); 25. Zorilla (Ictonyx striatus); 26. African Striped Weasel (Poecilogale albinucha)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6363024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6363024/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">21.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[272,554,1655,1701]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="17.[196,873,1655,1741]" box="[272,554,1655,1701]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">
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<vernacularName box="[272,554,1655,1701]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Lesser Grison</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[574,805,1655,1701]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="17.[196,873,1655,1741]" box="[574,805,1655,1701]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Molina" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[574,805,1655,1701]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Galictis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="17" pageNumber="636" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuja">
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<emphasis box="[574,805,1655,1701]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Galictis cuja</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[198,873,1718,1739]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="17.[196,873,1655,1741]" box="[198,873,1718,1739]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">
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<emphasis box="[198,274,1718,1739]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[284,399,1718,1739]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Petit Grison</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis box="[420,511,1718,1739]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[522,630,1718,1739]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Kleingrison</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis box="[650,741,1718,1739]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[751,873,1718,1739]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Grison chico</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="636" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="17.[812,1397,1785,2211]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">
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<emphasis box="[812,967,1785,1818]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Molina" authorityName="Molina" authorityYear="1782" box="[994,1294,1785,1818]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="17" pageNumber="636" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuja">Mustela cuja Molina</taxonomicName>
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, 1782,
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3707806314" box="[814,893,1824,1857]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">
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<collectingCountry box="[814,890,1824,1857]" name="Chile" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Chile</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="17.[812,1397,1785,2211]" box="[813,1258,1868,1897]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Four subspecies are recognized.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="636" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714187" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714187" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5714187/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="636" targetBox="[198,785,1793,2204]" targetPageId="17">
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<paragraph blockId="17.[812,1397,1785,2211]" box="[813,1212,1903,1936]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">
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<emphasis box="[813,1212,1903,1936]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="17.[812,1397,1785,2211]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">
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<taxonomicName authority="Molina, 1782" authorityName="Molina" authorityYear="1782" box="[816,1123,1942,1975]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Galictis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="17" pageNumber="636" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cuja" subSpecies="cuja">G. c. cuja Molina, 1782</taxonomicName>
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— W
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<collectingCountry box="[1194,1335,1942,1975]" name="Argentina" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry box="[814,890,1981,2014]" name="Chile" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Chile</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="17.[812,1397,1785,2211]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1907" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1907" box="[816,1159,2020,2053]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Galictis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="17" pageNumber="636" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cuja" subSpecies="furax">G. c. furax Thomas, 1907</taxonomicName>
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— NE
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<collectingCountry box="[1247,1390,2020,2053]" name="Argentina" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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, C & E
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<collectingCountry box="[905,986,2060,2093]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1002,1128,2060,2093]" name="Paraguay" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[1207,1327,2060,2093]" name="Uruguay" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="17.[812,1397,1785,2211]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1921" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1921" box="[816,1196,2104,2133]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Galictis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="17" pageNumber="636" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cuja" subSpecies="huronax">G. c. huronax Thomas, 1921</taxonomicName>
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— C and S
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<collectingCountry name="Argentina" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="17.[812,1397,1785,2211]" lastBlockId="17.[195,1400,2222,3468]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1907" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1907" box="[816,1169,2182,2211]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Galictis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="17" pageNumber="636" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cuja" subSpecies="luteola">G. c. luteola Thomas, 1907</taxonomicName>
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— W
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<collectingCountry box="[1242,1335,2182,2211]" name="Bolivia" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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and SE
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<collectingCountry box="[243,310,2222,2251]" name="Peru" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Peru</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="636" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="17.[195,1400,2222,3468]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">
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<emphasis box="[196,445,2257,2290]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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<quantity box="[619,775,2257,2290]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.68" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="0.27999999999999997" pageId="17" pageNumber="636" unit="cm" value="268.0" valueMax="508.0" valueMin="28.0">28-508 cm</quantity>
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, tail
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<quantity box="[853,1012,2257,2290]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.565" metricValueMax="1.93" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="636" unit="cm" value="15.65" valueMax="19.3" valueMin="12.0">12-19.3 cm</quantity>
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; weight
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<quantity box="[1133,1251,2257,2290]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="636" unit="kg" value="3.1" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.2">1.2-5 kg</quantity>
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. The Lesser Grison has a long body and short limbs. The pelage is yellowish-gray to brown; the face, throat, upper chest, and limbs are black. A white stripe extends across the forehead and down the sides of the neck, separating the black of the face from the gray or brown of the back. The claws are strong and curved. Dental formula: I 3/3, C 1/1, P3/3,M1/2=234
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="636" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="17.[195,1400,2222,3468]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">
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<emphasis box="[196,307,2501,2526]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Lesser Grisons are found in a wide variety of habitats, from sea level to
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<quantity box="[1288,1391,2501,2526]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="636" unit="m" value="4200.0">4200 m</quantity>
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, including seashore, arid scrub, chaco desert, Gran Chaco, Chiquitano woodland, open thorn woodland, cerrado, caatinga, savannah, steppes, evergreen shrublands, semideciduous lower montane forest, brushy areas below the timberline, Tucuman-Bolivian woodlands, wet forest, Brazilian Atlantic forest, high Andean shrublands, Polylepis woodlands, puna grasslands, marshes, high elevation wet meadows “bofedales”, Equisetum-dominated scrub, overgrazed pastures, and agricultural areas of the Pampas. Most localities in
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<collectingCountry box="[373,466,2768,2801]" name="Bolivia" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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are between 2000 and
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<quantity box="[813,921,2768,2801]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="636" unit="m" value="4200.0">4200 m</quantity>
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. Lesser Grisons frequently occur near water.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="636" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="17.[195,1400,2222,3468]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">
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<emphasis box="[197,466,2846,2879]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The diet includes small mammals (especially rodents and lagomorphs), birds, eggs, amphibians, reptiles, invertebrates, and fruit. In central
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<collectingCountry box="[1315,1391,2885,2918]" name="Chile" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Chile</collectingCountry>
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, the diet was found to consist of 352% rodents, 26-5% introduced European Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), 20-7% unidentified mammals, 14-7% reptiles (Liolaemus chiliensis and Philodryas chamissonis), and 2-9% unidentified passeriform birds. Average prey weight was
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<quantity box="[424,499,3043,3076]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="636" unit="g" value="350.0">350 g</quantity>
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. In Patagonia,
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<collectingCountry box="[708,851,3043,3076]" name="Argentina" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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, the diet is 46-:3% rodents, 18-9% lagomorphs, 17-9% lizards, and 16-8% birds; as lagomorph density increases,its percentage in the diet increases up to 96-8%. In coastal south-eastern
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<collectingCountry box="[1093,1236,3121,3154]" name="Argentina" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Argentine</collectingCountry>
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, mammals, including rodents (79-1%, at least eight species) and European Hare Lepus europaeus (20-9%), are the main prey items year-round; birds (7-8%) and invertebrates (5-2%) are also eaten. Lesser Grisons frequently prey on guinea pigs and are capable of running down and killing Dwarf Cavies (Microcavia australis).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="636" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="17.[195,1400,2222,3468]" lastBlockId="17.[1469,2674,290,720]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">
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<emphasis box="[195,432,3318,3351]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Active mainly during the day, with occasional activity at night. Rest sites are in hollow trees, crevices, boulder piles, burrows of other animals, at the base of Polylepis trees, amongst tree roots and rocks, or in banks adjacent to wet meadows at high elevations. Four or five individuals may occupy a burrow system, which may reach
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<quantity box="[1470,1521,290,323]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="636" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
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in depth. One burrow system occupied by five individuals in
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<collectingCountry box="[2386,2459,290,323]" name="Chile" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Chile</collectingCountry>
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was on a slope among rocks and roots of a Guevina avellana tree in Nothofagus obliqua woods; leaves of Greiga obscured the entrances.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="636" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="17.[1469,2674,290,720]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">
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<emphasis box="[1469,2184,408,441]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Mostly solitary, although pairs or small groups are occasionally seen.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="636" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="17.[1469,2674,290,720]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">
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<emphasis box="[1469,1603,491,520]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Gestation is around 39 days. Litter size is two to five. Offspring have been observed in March, August, September, and October.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="636" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="17.[1469,2674,290,720]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">
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<emphasis box="[1469,1828,569,598]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern in The
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<collectionCode box="[2361,2441,569,598]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">IUCN</collectionCode>
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Red List. Lesser
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<collectingRegion box="[1470,1574,604,637]" country="Switzerland" name="Graubuenden" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Grisons</collectingRegion>
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are generally considered not to be threatened, butfield studies are needed to learn more about their natural history, ecology, and conservation status.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1470,2317,692,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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||
<paragraph blockId="17.[1469,2674,290,720]" box="[1470,2317,692,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">
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||
<emphasis box="[1470,1621,692,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="636">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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||
Wozencraft (2005), Yensen & Tarifa (2003b), Zapata et al. (2005).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
</treatment>
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||
</document> |