176 lines
20 KiB
XML
176 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="B87A35173B59E751854B42A96339125B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3869.4.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4947280" ID-ZooBank="8F80DD5E-F5FC-40DF-BCE5-C404FA7A6577" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623693540977" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Rasmussen, Arne Redsted, Sanders, Kate Laura, Guinea, Michael L. & Amey, Andrew P." docDate="2014" docId="038F87C0FFA0FFCEFF48FBD6FD33F986" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03869p371.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3869 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hydrophis schistosus Daudin 1803" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="355" masterDocId="FFB6FFB8FFA4FFCAFFDFFFB5FFCFFFAB" masterDocTitle="Sea snakes in Australian waters (Serpentes: subfamilies Hydrophiinae and Laticaudinae) - a review with an updated identification key" masterLastPageNumber="371" masterPageNumber="351" pageNumber="355" updateTime="1698965161622" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="90EBEA3B64B8D00FCA3B11D6D15E1B94">
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<mods:title id="5DD866FA803CCCFFC36BD1FB56FF7A75">Sea snakes in Australian waters (Serpentes: subfamilies Hydrophiinae and Laticaudinae) - a review with an updated identification key</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="68E2B5432C13AB5294B6928F4762B00E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F3D3EBD4C74353D62DABD6A1E390EA44">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="922B5C8F8ADF68116942FE85F6A8BA53">Rasmussen, Arne Redsted</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0D52B2A9C12AD4056B08379ADFA3C724">The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts Schools of Architecture, Design and Conservation. Esplanaden 34 DK- 1264, Copenhagen K, Denmark. E-mail: arr @ kadk. dk</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="DE8CC52C6E3537E4E10A01DDCC6A8D59">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F0C40EBC90B2FEDADAF277ED61084D5A">Sanders, Kate Laura</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D79D680EA2FCE19F3031943426590025">School of Earth and Environmental Science. University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="5D9328BED5C4C218BCC1BC05C5A63C7E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EE3A6047F44BEF950E02F5DCE49854C5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A8C419F34AFCB3C05233E9DD8568C57C">Guinea, Michael L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="82CD8292DE646BBAB79160BC10EAA19C">School of Environmental. Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territories 0909, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="BC9D355912AE021AD44C3BC6BC63C81E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2E6876DAE7577880B822045DA992AAE0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="648286B60AB5EE00C98EE295C6F0F065">Amey, Andrew P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7B8EA41CA5FF251447D15480B142D1B6">Queensland Museum. PO Box 3300, South Brisbane BC. Queensland 4101, Australia. E-mail: andrew. amey @ qm. qld. gov. au</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B98A9914D6A289BA0434BD0A3EB1F057">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="08A24A4D0E15DDA17E35DA9D30809809">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="E4578F5D7DDF4A5BF74FC9C8EB49A68F">
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<mods:date id="B35E2BC0F3E394FCB0378BA4EB32EBBA">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B5F3C1139E74236F113896CC5F6B1F3D">2014-10-02</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="37245DB04E5CC1740EDBA3E1199F6280" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="DC76346A8D3176A8B218BDB15042AED5">3869</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="23B863E750D37919498A198300A9A8C0">4</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D9BE9C7A6921A74D2FBB248037640DB5" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3869.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DC21964EA64604F3FFC219E0743DFE85" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B8C34F5ED68ABA03780678160251828F" type="ZooBank">8F80DD5E-F5FC-40DF-BCE5-C404FA7A6577</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038F87C0FFA0FFCEFF48FBD6FD33F986" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5119903" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5119903" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87C0FFA0FFCEFF48FBD6FD33F986" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F87C0FFA0FFCEFF48FBD6FD33F986" lastPageNumber="355" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">
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<subSubSection id="C33C655DFFA0FFCEFF48FBD6FC0AFBD6" box="[151,965,1123,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFA0FFCEFF48FBD6FC0AFBD6" blockId="4.[150,1437,1123,1581]" box="[151,965,1123,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFA0FFCEFF48FBD6FDE1FBD6" authority="Daudin, 1803" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1803" box="[151,558,1123,1149]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistosus">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA0FFCEFF48FBD6FE42FBD7" bold="true" box="[151,397,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Hydrophis schistosus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B27FFA0FFCEFE4AFBD1FDE1FBD6" author="Daudin, J. D." box="[405,558,1124,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" refId="ref11983" refString="Daudin, J. D. (1803) Histoire naturelle generale et particuliere des reptiles. Ouvrage faisant suite aux oeuvres de leclerc de Buffon et partie du cours complet d'histoire naturelle redige par C. S. Sonnini, membre de plusieurs societes savantes. Vol. VII. Duffart, Paris, 380 pp." type="book" year="1803">Daudin, 1803</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA0FFCEFDF1FBD1FDF9FBD0" box="[558,566,1124,1147]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">/</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFA0FFCEFDE9FBD6FC0EFBD6" authority="(Kharin, 1985)" baseAuthorityName="Kharin" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[566,961,1123,1149]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zweifeli">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA0FFCEFDE9FBD6FCC1FBD7" bold="true" box="[566,782,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Hydrophis zweifeli</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B27FFA0FFCEFCC1FBD1FC76FBD6" author="Kharin, V. E." box="[798,953,1124,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" pagination="785 - 787" refId="ref12972" refString="Kharin, V. E. (1985) A new species of sea snakes of the genus Enhydrina (Serpentes, Hydrophiidae) from waters of New Guinea. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 64, 785 - 787." type="journal article" year="1985">Kharin, 1985</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFA0FFCEFC12FBD1FD33F986" blockId="4.[150,1437,1123,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">
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<subSubSection id="C33C655DFFA0FFCEFC12FBD1FD37F986" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" type="discussion">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B27FFA0FFCEFC12FBD1FB58FBD6" author="McDowell, S. B." box="[973,1175,1124,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" pagination="189 - 247" refId="ref13857" refString="McDowell, S. B. (1972) The genera of sea-snakes of the Hydrophis group (Serpentes: Elapidae). Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 32, 189 - 247. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1972. tb 00028. x" type="journal article" year="1972">McDowell (1972)</bibRefCitation>
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mentioned a specimen from
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<location id="8EF9600DFFA0FFCEFF07FB32FEADFB0B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87C0FFA0FFCEFF48FBD6FD33F986:8EF9600DFFA0FFCEFF07FB32FEADFB0B" box="[216,354,1159,1184]" country="Australia" county="Asian region" municipality="Morphological" name="Sepik River" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Sepik River</location>
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,
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<location id="8EF9600DFFA0FFCEFEAEFB3DFD82FB0B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87C0FFA0FFCEFF48FBD6FD33F986:8EF9600DFFA0FFCEFEAEFB3DFD82FB0B" box="[369,589,1159,1184]" country="Australia" county="Asian region" municipality="Morphological" name="East Sepik District" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">East Sepik District</location>
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,
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<location id="8EF9600DFFA0FFCEFD83FB3DFD5EFB34" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87C0FFA0FFCEFF48FBD6FD33F986:8EF9600DFFA0FFCEFD83FB3DFD5EFB34" box="[604,657,1160,1183]" country="Australia" county="Asian region" municipality="Morphological" name="New" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">New</location>
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Guinea (AMNH 104340) that was very similar to the ‘beaked sea snake’,
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFA0FFCEFF32FB18FE4FFB6E" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1803" box="[237,384,1196,1221]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistosus">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA0FFCEFF32FB18FE4FFB6E" box="[237,384,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">H. schistosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but showed some morphological characters which were not in accordance with
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<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA0FFCEFADDFB18FA53FB6E" box="[1282,1436,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFA0FFCEFADDFB18FA57FB6E" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1803" box="[1282,1432,1196,1221]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistosus">H. schistosus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<location id="8EF9600DFFA0FFCEFF49FB65FF1EFB4C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87C0FFA0FFCEFF48FBD6FD33F986:8EF9600DFFA0FFCEFF49FB65FF1EFB4C" box="[150,209,1232,1255]" country="Australia" county="Asian region" municipality="Morphological" name="Later" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Later</location>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B27FFA0FFCEFF07FB7AFEB8FB43" author="Kharin, V. E." box="[216,375,1231,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" pagination="785 - 787" refId="ref12972" refString="Kharin, V. E. (1985) A new species of sea snakes of the genus Enhydrina (Serpentes, Hydrophiidae) from waters of New Guinea. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 64, 785 - 787." type="journal article" year="1985">Kharin (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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described a new species,
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<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA0FFCEFD49FB7AFCA0FB43" box="[662,879,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFA0FFCEFD49FB7AFCA4FB43" authorityName="Kharin" authorityYear="1985" box="[662,875,1231,1256]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Enhydrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zweifeli">Enhydrina zweifeli</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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based on
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B27FFA0FFCEFC00FB7AFB73FB43" author="McDowell, S. B." box="[991,1212,1231,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" pagination="189 - 247" refId="ref13857" refString="McDowell, S. B. (1972) The genera of sea-snakes of the Hydrophis group (Serpentes: Elapidae). Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 32, 189 - 247. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1972. tb 00028. x" type="journal article" year="1972">McDowell´s (1972)</bibRefCitation>
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data.
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<location id="8EF9600DFFA0FFCEFB21FB7AFAE5FB43" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87C0FFA0FFCEFF48FBD6FD33F986:8EF9600DFFA0FFCEFB21FB7AFAE5FB43" box="[1278,1322,1231,1256]" country="Australia" county="Asian region" municipality="Morphological" name="The" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">The</location>
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similarity with
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFA0FFCEFF0FFB40FEAAFAA6" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1803" box="[208,357,1268,1293]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistosus">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA0FFCEFF0FFB40FEAAFAA6" box="[208,357,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">H. schistosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is striking.
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<location id="8EF9600DFFA0FFCEFE35FB41FD9DFAA0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87C0FFA0FFCEFF48FBD6FD33F986:8EF9600DFFA0FFCEFE35FB41FD9DFAA0" box="[490,594,1268,1291]" country="Australia" county="Asian region" municipality="Morphological" name="However" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">However</location>
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, a recently published paper presented molecular evidence showing the two species represent distinct lineages and are not each other’s closest relatives, indicating convergent phenotypic evolution probably related to a specialist diet of large, spiny prey (
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<location id="8EF9600DFFA0FFCEFC5BFA89FC21FAFE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87C0FFA0FFCEFF48FBD6FD33F986:8EF9600DFFA0FFCEFC5BFA89FC21FAFE" box="[900,1006,1340,1365]" country="Australia" county="Asian region" municipality="Morphological" name="Ukuwela" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Ukuwela</location>
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,
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<collectorName id="26D35300FFA0FFCEFC26FA89FB98FAFE" box="[1017,1111,1340,1365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">de Silva</collectorName>
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,
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<location id="8EF9600DFFA0FFCEFBBCFA89FB44FAFF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87C0FFA0FFCEFF48FBD6FD33F986:8EF9600DFFA0FFCEFBBCFA89FB44FAFF" box="[1123,1163,1340,1364]" country="Australia" county="Asian region" municipality="Morphological" name="Fry" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Fry</location>
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,
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<location id="8EF9600DFFA0FFCEFB48FA89FB0BFAF8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87C0FFA0FFCEFF48FBD6FD33F986:8EF9600DFFA0FFCEFB48FA89FB0BFAF8" box="[1175,1220,1340,1363]" country="Australia" county="Asian region" municipality="Morphological" name="Lee" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Lee</location>
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, &
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B27FFA0FFCEFB32FA89FA5EFAFE" author="Sanders, K. L. & Rasmussen, A. R. & Elmberg, J. & Mumpuni & Guinea, M. & Blias, P. & Lee, M. S. Y. & Fry, B. G." box="[1261,1425,1340,1365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref14717" refString="Sanders, K. L., Rasmussen, A. R., Elmberg, J., Mumpuni, Guinea, M., Blias, P., Lee, M. S. Y. & Fry, B. G. (2012) Aipysurus mosaicus, a new species of egg-eating sea snake (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae), with a redescription of Aipysurus eydouxii (Gray, 1849). Zootaxa, 3431, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="2012">Sanders, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFDACACFFA0FFCEFF48FAEAFEF2FAD3" box="[151,317,1375,1400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Morphological</collectingMunicipality>
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||
analysis of
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<specimenCount id="9D20FD5FFFA0FFCEFE12FAEAFDA8FAD3" box="[461,615,1375,1400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" type="generic">18 specimens</specimenCount>
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||
from the
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<collectingCounty id="62F84E5AFFA0FFCEFD02FAEAFCBFFAD3" box="[733,880,1375,1400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Asian region</collectingCounty>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D20FD5FFFA0FFCEFC73FAEAFB88FAD3" box="[940,1095,1375,1400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3317646FFA0FFCEFB4EFAEAFB38FAD3" box="[1169,1271,1375,1400]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Australia</collectingCountry>
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suggested the specimens in
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<collectorName id="26D35300FFA0FFCEFEEDFA31FE68FA36" box="[306,423,1412,1437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Australian</collectorName>
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||
waters all belong to
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFA0FFCEFD48FA30FCC0FA36" authorityName="Kharin" authorityYear="1985" box="[663,783,1412,1437]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Enhydrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zweifeli">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA0FFCEFD48FA30FCC0FA36" box="[663,783,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">H. zweifeli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on scale counts and colour pattern characters, thus excluding
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFA0FFCEFED1FA1CFE6BFA6B" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1803" box="[270,420,1447,1472]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA0FFCEFED1FA1CFE6BFA6B" box="[270,420,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">H. schistosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
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<collectorName id="26D35300FFA0FFCEFE33FA12FDAEFA6B" box="[492,609,1447,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Australian</collectorName>
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||
waters (
|
||
<collectorName id="26D35300FFA0FFCEFD1BFA12FCE1FA6B" box="[708,814,1447,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Ukuwela</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D35300FFA0FFCEFCE5FA12FC55FA6B" box="[826,922,1447,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">de Silva</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA0FFCEFC78FA1CFC2DFA6B" box="[935,994,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2012).
|
||
<collectorName id="26D35300FFA0FFCEFB9CFA1DFB64FA14" box="[1091,1195,1448,1471]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">However</collectorName>
|
||
, more molecular and morphological analyses of additional specimens are needed to determine the precise distributions of the two species (
|
||
<collectorName id="26D35300FFA0FFCEFF28FA5AFEAEF9A3" box="[247,353,1519,1544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Ukuwela</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D35300FFA0FFCEFEB3FA5AFE05F9A3" box="[364,458,1519,1544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">de Silva</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA0FFCEFE0AFA44FDC1F9A3" box="[469,526,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2012).
|
||
<collectorName id="26D35300FFA0FFCEFDB3FA5AFD7EF9A3" box="[620,689,1519,1544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Based</collectorName>
|
||
on the above, we exclude
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFA0FFCEFC03FA44FBA0F9A3" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1803" box="[988,1135,1519,1544]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA0FFCEFC03FA44FBA0F9A3" box="[988,1135,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">H. schistosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the list of sea snakes occurring in
|
||
<collectorName id="26D35300FFA0FFCEFEF9F9A1FE54F986" box="[294,411,1556,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Australian</collectorName>
|
||
waters in favour of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFA0FFCEFDA2F9A0FD37F986" authorityName="Kharin" authorityYear="1985" box="[637,760,1556,1581]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Enhydrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zweifeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA0FFCEFDA2F9A0FD37F986" box="[637,760,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">H. zweifeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |