601 lines
73 KiB
XML
601 lines
73 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A15E5179EE1C1F3A0007010BBBAC1518">A taxonomic revision of Zamia montana and Zamia oligodonta, with notes on their conservation status</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="4B173190D2A3C535D5B707E8E5C13600">Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="CF0B2AF422830CFAC1DB2BA43F8A81B9">Jardín Botánico de Bogotá, Avenida 63 # 68 - 95, Bogotá, Bogotá, D. C. 111071, Colombia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="2AA127A60C804EF941C784E2960C3D69">Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 67 # 53 - 108, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="8ECCE3AACEE946755A677748261F1547">Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 67 # 53 - 108, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D272E629B20FF6FFC745E52FBA6" ID-CoL="5CVR3" authority="Braun (1875: 376)" authorityName="Braun" authorityPageNumber="376" authorityYear="1875" box="[136,537,1018,1045]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
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<emphasis id="B952EAB62E629B20FF6FFC745D0AFBA6" bold="true" box="[136,321,1018,1045]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Zamia montana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E629B20FEA0FC725E52FBA6" author="Braun, A." box="[327,537,1020,1045]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" pagination="289 - 377" refId="ref6482" refString="Braun, A. (1875) Die Frage nach der Gymnospermie der Cycadeen erlautert durch die Stellung dieser Familie im stufengang des gewachsreichs. Monatsberichte der Koniglichen Preussische Akademie des Wissenschaften zu Berlin May 1875: 289 - 377." type="journal article" year="1875">Braun (1875: 376)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<figureCitation id="131D2A212E629B20FDC3FC725E24FBA6" box="[548,623,1020,1045]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1673,1694]" captionTargetBox="[167,1416,1416,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-427@2.[151,1436,1390,1644]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Illustration of Z. montana leaflet drawn by August Eichler in 1881 (digitally enhanced for clarity)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641849/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131D2A212E629B20FD93FC725ECCFBA6" box="[628,647,1020,1045]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,2018,2039]" captionTargetBox="[246,1342,443,1998]" captionTargetId="figure-127@3.[246,1342,443,1998]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Zamia montana in habitat in Antioquia, Colombia. A–B. Leaves on juvenile plants. C. Base of petiole showing sparse prickles. D. Leaf of adult-sized plant. E. Adult plant with decumbent stem 1.1 meters long. F. Middle leaflet from adult plant." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641851/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131D2A212E629B20FD6AFC725ED6FBA6" box="[653,669,1020,1045]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1766,1787]" captionTargetBox="[296,1292,335,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-76@4.[296,1292,335,1746]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Zamia montana in habitat in Antioquia, Colombia. A. Newly emerging leaf. B. Herbivory by Eumaeus sp. Larvae. C. Arborescent trunk with 30 cm ruler for scale. D. Juvenile seed strobilus approximately 33 x 16 cm. Photograph by Marco Tulio Betancur. E. Juvenile pollen strobili, longest one approximately 12 cm long. Photograph by Julio Betancur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641853/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">3</figureCitation>
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.
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(designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E629B20FE40FBCA5EDAFBEE" author="Stevenson, D. W." box="[423,657,1092,1117]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref7298" refString="Stevenson, D. W. (2001) Cycadales. In: Bernal, R. & Forero, E. (Eds.) Flora de Colombia, vol. 21. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogota, 92 pp." type="book" year="2001">Stevenson 2001: 57</bibRefCitation>
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):
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<emphasis id="B952EAB62E629B20FD79FBCA5EF1FBEE" bold="true" box="[670,698,1092,1117]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">—</emphasis>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="49E2F8462E629B20FC85FBCA5F9CFBEE" box="[866,983,1092,1117]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
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:
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Municipio
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<collectorName id="26D353722E629B20FB81FBCA58A4FBEE" box="[1126,1263,1092,1117]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">de Frontino</collectorName>
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, km 17 of road Nutibara–Murrí,
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,
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,
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<emphasis id="B952EAB62E629B20FD75FBE65F7DFB32" box="[658,822,1128,1153]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Zarucchi et al.</emphasis>
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5724 (
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!,
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!,
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!,
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!).
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8710B52E629B20FF5AFB025F78FB16" author="Regel, E." box="[189,819,1164,1189]" page=")" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" year="1876">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D272E629B20FF5AFB025F78FB16" ID-CoL="JR37" authority="(A. Braun) Regel (1876: 141)" authorityName="Regel" authorityPageNumber="141" authorityYear="1876" baseAuthorityName="A. Braun" box="[189,819,1164,1189]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Aulacophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanum">
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<emphasis id="B952EAB62E629B20FF5AFB025DAFFB16" box="[189,484,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Aulacophyllum montanum</emphasis>
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(A.Braun)
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E629B20FD83FB025F78FB16" author="Regel, E." box="[612,819,1164,1189]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" pagination="140 - 144" refId="ref7099" refString="Regel, E. (1876) Die Cycadeen, deren Gattungen und Arten. Gartenflora 25: 140 - 144." type="journal article" year="1876">Regel (1876: 141)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936A42E629B20FF5AFB3E5E24FB5E" blockId="2.[136,1452,1092,1369]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
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<emphasis id="B952EAB62E629B20FF5AFB3E5D14FB7A" bold="true" box="[189,351,1200,1225]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Literature:—</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E629B20FEB8FB3E5DB5FB7A" author="Braun, A." box="[351,510,1200,1225]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" pagination="289 - 377" refId="ref6482" refString="Braun, A. (1875) Die Frage nach der Gymnospermie der Cycadeen erlautert durch die Stellung dieser Familie im stufengang des gewachsreichs. Monatsberichte der Koniglichen Preussische Akademie des Wissenschaften zu Berlin May 1875: 289 - 377." type="journal article" year="1875">Braun (1875)</bibRefCitation>
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; Galeano
|
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<emphasis id="B952EAB62E629B20FD9EFB3E5EFCFB7A" box="[633,695,1200,1225]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
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, (2005).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E629B20FCCEFB3E5F8FFB7A" author="Regel, E." box="[809,964,1200,1225]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" pagination="140 - 144" refId="ref7099" refString="Regel, E. (1876) Die Cycadeen, deren Gattungen und Arten. Gartenflora 25: 140 - 144." type="journal article" year="1876">Regel (1876)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E629B20FC32FB3E5891FB7A" author="Thiselton-Dyer, W." box="[981,1242,1200,1225]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref7392" refString="Thiselton-Dyer, W. (1882) New Garden Plants: Zamia montana. Gardeners' Chronicle 17: 460." type="journal volume" year="1882">Thiselton-Dyer (1882)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E629B20FB0BFB3E59EDFB7A" author="Schuster, J." box="[1260,1446,1200,1225]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref7182" refString="Schuster, J. (1932) Cycadaceae. In: Engler, A. & Diels, L. (Eds.) Das Pflanzenreich vol. 4 (1). W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 168." type="book chapter" year="1932">Schuster (1932)</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E629B20FF6FFB5A5D19FB5E" author="Lindstrom, A. J." box="[136,338,1236,1261]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" pagination="265 - 270" refId="ref6945" refString="Lindstrom, A. J. (2009) Typification of some species names in Zamia L. (Zamiaceae), with an assessment of the status of Chigua D. Stev. Taxon 58: 265 - 270." type="journal article" year="2009">Lindstrom (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E629B20FEBAFB5A5E50FB5E" author="Stevenson, D. W." box="[349,539,1236,1261]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref7298" refString="Stevenson, D. W. (2001) Cycadales. In: Bernal, R. & Forero, E. (Eds.) Flora de Colombia, vol. 21. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogota, 92 pp." type="book" year="2001">Stevenson (2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E629B20FDC0FB5A5E2FFB5E" author="Stevenson, D. W." box="[551,612,1236,1261]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" pagination="194 - 234" refId="ref7342" refString="Stevenson, D. W. (2004) Cycads of Colombia. The Botanical Review 70: 194 - 234. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1663 / 0006 - 8101 (2004) 070 [0194: coc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C652F2E629B20FF5AFB765FC8FAA2" box="[189,899,1272,1297]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936A42E629B20FF5AFB765FC8FAA2" blockId="2.[136,1452,1092,1369]" box="[189,899,1272,1297]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E629B20FF5AFB765D3EFAA2" bold="true" box="[189,373,1272,1297]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Illustrations:—</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E629B20FE92FB765E2EFAA2" author="Galeano, G. & Bernal, R. & Calderon, E. & Garcia, N. & Cogollo, A. & Idarraga, A." box="[373,613,1272,1297]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" pagination="387 - 436" refId="ref6634" refString="Galeano, G., Bernal, R., Calderon, E., Garcia, N., Cogollo, A. & Idarraga, A. (2005) Zamias. In: Calderon E., Galeano, G., & Garcia, N. (Eds.) Libro rojo de plantas de Colombia. Volumen 2: palmas, frailejones y Zamias. Serie libros rojos de especies amenazadas de Colombia. Instituto Alexander von Humboldt - Instituto de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial, Bogota, Colombia, pp. 387 - 436." type="book chapter" year="2005">
|
||
Galeano
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E629B20FE3EFB765E59FAA2" box="[473,530,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E629B20FD96FB765F64FAA2" author="Stevenson, D. W." box="[625,815,1272,1297]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref7298" refString="Stevenson, D. W. (2001) Cycadales. In: Bernal, R. & Forero, E. (Eds.) Flora de Colombia, vol. 21. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogota, 92 pp." type="book" year="2001">Stevenson (2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E629B20FCDDFB765F3CFAA2" author="Stevenson, D. W." box="[826,887,1272,1297]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" pagination="194 - 234" refId="ref7342" refString="Stevenson, D. W. (2004) Cycads of Colombia. The Botanical Review 70: 194 - 234. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1663 / 0006 - 8101 (2004) 070 [0194: coc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C652F2E629B20FF5AFA925F4FFAEA" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936A42E629B20FF5AFA925F4FFAEA" blockId="2.[136,1452,1092,1369]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E629B20FF5AFA925D2FFA86" bold="true" box="[189,356,1308,1333]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Etymology:—</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet references the premontane to lower montane habitat of this species, which occurs at the highest elevation of any Neotropical cycad.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF59662C2E629B20FF6FF90758E7F92D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641849" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13641849" box="[136,1196,1673,1694]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641849/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" startId="2.[136,229,1673,1694]" targetBox="[167,1416,1416,1627]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936A42E629B20FF6FF90758E7F92D" blockId="2.[136,1196,1673,1694]" box="[136,1196,1673,1694]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E629B20FF6FF9075CB5F92D" bold="true" box="[136,254,1673,1694]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Illustration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D272E629B20FE6AF9075DB1F92D" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1875" box="[397,506,1673,1694]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E629B20FE6AF9075DB1F92D" box="[397,506,1673,1694]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Z. montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
leaflet drawn by August Eichler in 1881 (digitally enhanced for clarity)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C652F2E629B26FF6FF9405F74FE96" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="283" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936A42E629B21FF6FF9405E6AFE22" blockId="2.[136,1452,1742,2091]" lastBlockId="3.[136,1452,160,401]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="282" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E629B20FF6FF9405D73F954" bold="true" box="[136,312,1742,1767]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Description:—</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E629B20FEDFF9405D32F954" box="[312,377,1742,1767]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Stems</emphasis>
|
||
arborescent, to 150 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B412E629B20FD65F9405E86F954" box="[642,717,1742,1767]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
|
||
, solitary or occasionally branching, erect or decumbent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E629B20FAB9F94059E7F954" box="[1374,1452,1742,1767]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Leaves</emphasis>
|
||
1–10, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B412E629B20FF0CF97C5D75F8B8" box="[235,318,1778,1803]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.07" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" unit="cm" value="307.0">307 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E629B20FE61F97C5D99F8B8" box="[390,466,1778,1803]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">petiole</emphasis>
|
||
to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B412E629B20FE11F97C5E07F8B8" box="[502,588,1778,1803]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" unit="cm" value="170.0">170 cm</quantity>
|
||
, sparsely armed with prickles to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B412E629B20FC59F97C5FB4F8B8" box="[958,1023,1778,1803]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E629B20FBA2F97C58C0F8B8" box="[1093,1163,1778,1803]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">rachis</emphasis>
|
||
to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B412E629B20FB48F97C5949F8B8" box="[1199,1282,1778,1803]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" unit="cm" value="137.0">137 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, unarmed or sparsely armed with prickles in the proximal third,
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E629B20FD1CF8985F0CF89C" box="[763,839,1814,1839]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Rachis</emphasis>
|
||
to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B412E629B20FC97F8985F83F89C" box="[880,968,1814,1839]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" unit="cm" value="131.0">131 cm</quantity>
|
||
, unarmed or sparsely armed with prickles in the proximal third, carrying up to 30 opposite to suboppositely arranged leaflets.
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E629B20FBAFF8B458EAF8E0" box="[1096,1185,1850,1875]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Leaflets</emphasis>
|
||
oblanceolate, narrowly cuneate basally, acuminate apically, coriaceous, veins forming grooves on adaxial surface, only slightly protruding on abaxial surface, margins strongly revolute except at acuminate tip, entire but sometimes uneven and slightly sinous (repand) at distal end. Middle leaflets 19.5–41 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B412E629B20FD2CF8285F17F80C" box="[715,860,1958,1983]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="5.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" unit="cm" value="8.2" valueMax="10.5" valueMin="5.9">5.9–10.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
, spaced
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B412E629B20FC25F8285868F80C" box="[962,1059,1958,1983]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" unit="cm" value="8.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="6.0">6-10 cm</quantity>
|
||
apart, apical leaflets 24.6–27.7 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B412E629B20FF6FF8445D43F850" box="[136,264,1994,2019]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="6.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" unit="cm" value="8.0" valueMax="9.6" valueMin="6.4">6.4–9.6 cm</quantity>
|
||
, basal leaflets 28.5–35.5 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B412E629B20FDD0F8445EFCF850" box="[567,695,1994,2019]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="5.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" unit="cm" value="7.2" valueMax="8.5" valueMin="5.9">5.9–8.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E629B20FD26F8445F68F850" box="[705,803,1994,2019]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Eophylls</emphasis>
|
||
unknown.
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E629B20FC78F8445874F850" box="[927,1087,1994,2019]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Pollen strobili</emphasis>
|
||
1–3 per stem apex, to 13.5 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B412E629B20FA6FF8445CE6F7B4" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
, beige-yellow tomentose, peduncle
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B412E629B20FDAFF8605E83F7B4" box="[584,712,2030,2055]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, strobilar axis villous, microsporophylls arranged in 16–20 orthostichies of 20–28 sporophylls each, to 13 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B412E629B20FD40F79C5EA2F798" box="[679,745,2066,2091]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, sterile apex encompassing approximately 1/3 of total length of sporopyll, microsporangia 0.8–1.0 mm, present on both abaxial and adaxial surfaces. On adaxial surface, aggregated in single group of 10–15 sporangia limited to the distal end of fertile region, on abaxial surface, aggregated in single group of 15–20 sporangia covering entire fertile region.
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E639B21FCF5FF665F8EFEB2" box="[786,965,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Ovulate strobili</emphasis>
|
||
1 per stem apex, erect, cylindrical, beige-yellow tomentose when juvenile (mature color not seen), to 33 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B412E639B21FC97FE825FF2FE96" box="[880,953,268,293]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" unit="cm" value="16.0">16 cm</quantity>
|
||
, sterile apex obtuse, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B412E639B21FB22FE8258B6FE96" box="[1221,1277,268,293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, peduncle obscured by cataphylls to 4 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B412E639B21FE36FEBE5E40FEFA" box="[465,523,304,329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E639B21FDF4FEBE5E9FFEFA" box="[531,724,304,329]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Megasporophylls</emphasis>
|
||
arranged in up to 10 orthostichies of 7–9 sporophylls each, bullae truncate with hexagonal to oblong-hexagonal distal face 3–4 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B412E639B21FCAFFEDA5FD5FEDE" box="[840,926,340,365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 cm</quantity>
|
||
, terminal facet moderately protruding, distinct, shallowly indented.
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E639B21FE8DFEF65DE1FE22" box="[362,426,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Seeds</emphasis>
|
||
unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF59662C2E639B21FF6FF86C5970F7A8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641851" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13641851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641851/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" startId="3.[136,229,2018,2039]" targetBox="[246,1342,443,1998]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936A42E639B21FF6FF86C5970F7A8" blockId="3.[136,1452,2018,2075]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E639B21FF6FF86C5D4AF844" bold="true" box="[136,257,2018,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D272E639B21FEEDF86C5DEEF844" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1875" box="[266,421,2018,2039]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E639B21FEEDF86C5DEEF844" box="[266,421,2018,2039]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Zamia montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in habitat in Antioquia, Colombia. A–B. Leaves on juvenile plants. C. Base of petiole showing sparse prickles. D. Leaf of adult-sized plant. E. Adult plant with decumbent stem 1.1 meters long. F. Middle leaflet from adult plant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936A42E649B26FF5AFF2E5F74FE96" blockId="4.[136,1452,160,293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E649B26FF5AFF2E5DB2FF0A" bold="true" box="[189,505,160,185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Distinguishing features:—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D272E649B26FE1EFF2E5EE7FF0A" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1875" box="[505,684,160,185]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E649B26FE1EFF2E5EE7FF0A" box="[505,684,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Zamia montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is readily distinguished by its obovate leaflets with acuminate tips which are prominently-veined, the sparse prickles on its petiole, and its arborescent habit. It differs from other species with prominently-veined leaflets in that the veins are only slightly protuberant on the abaxial side of the leaflet, whereas in the other species the veins are strongly protruding.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF59662C2E649B26FF6FF9685860F8F0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641853" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13641853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641853/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" startId="4.[136,229,1766,1787]" targetBox="[296,1292,335,1746]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936A42E649B26FF6FF9685860F8F0" blockId="4.[136,1452,1766,1859]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E649B26FF6FF9685D4AF948" bold="true" box="[136,257,1766,1787]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D272E649B26FEECF9685DEEF948" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1875" box="[267,421,1766,1787]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E649B26FEECF9685DEEF948" box="[267,421,1766,1787]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Zamia montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in habitat in Antioquia, Colombia. A. Newly emerging leaf. B. Herbivory by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D272E649B26FB5AF9685971F948" box="[1213,1338,1766,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Eumaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E649B26FB5AF968595EF948" box="[1213,1301,1766,1787]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Eumaeus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Larvae. C. Arborescent trunk with 30 cm ruler for scale. D. Juvenile seed strobilus approximately 33 x 16 cm. Photograph by Marco Tulio Betancur. E. Juvenile pollen strobili, longest one approximately 12 cm long. Photograph by Julio Betancur.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C652F2E649B27FF5AF8FA5E46FEDE" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="284" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936A42E649B27FF5AF8FA5FBAFF0A" blockId="4.[136,1452,1908,2077]" lastBlockId="5.[136,1452,160,2093]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="284" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E649B26FF5AF8FA5E44F83E" bold="true" box="[189,527,1908,1933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Distribution and habitat:—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D272E649B26FDE8F8FA5E8FF83E" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1875" box="[527,708,1908,1933]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E649B26FDE8F8FA5E8FF83E" box="[527,708,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Zamia montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is endemic to the department of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E2F8462E649B26FBB4F8FA588DF83E" box="[1107,1222,1908,1933]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, where it occurs in premontane and lower montane rain forests (
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E649B26FD62F8165E88F802" box="[645,707,1944,1969]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E649B26FD2CF8165F36F802" author="Holdridge, L. R." box="[715,893,1944,1969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" refId="ref6818" refString="Holdridge, L. R. (1967) Life zone ecology. Tropical Science Center, San Jose, Costa Rica, 206 pp." type="book" year="1967">Holdridge 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) on the Western Cordillera at elevations between
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B412E649B26FF6FF8325D77F866" box="[136,316,1980,2005]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9149999999999998" metricValueMax="2.08" metricValueMin="1.75" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" unit="m" value="1915.0" valueMax="2080.0" valueMin="1750.0">1750 to 2080 m</quantity>
|
||
. Rainfall averages
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B412E649B26FDF6F8325E89F866" box="[529,706,1980,2005]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="2450.0" valueMax="2500.0" valueMin="2400.0">2400–2500 mm</quantity>
|
||
per year and is bimodal, with rainfall peaks occurring in October– November and April–May, and the driest months being December–March and July–August. The mean annual temperature is 19.2 ° C, with temperature ranging from 11.9° to 25.7° C (climate data derived from GIS analysis using Worldclim 1.4 [release 3] climate layers as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E659B27FCE3FF2E5FAEFF0A" author="Hijmans, R. J. & Cameron, S. E. & Parra, J. L. & Jones, P. G. & Jarvis, A." box="[772,997,160,185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" pagination="1965 - 1978" refId="ref6748" refString="Hijmans, R. J., Cameron, S. E., Parra, J. L., Jones, P. G. & Jarvis, A. (2005) Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25: 1965 - 1978. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / joc. 1276" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Hijmans
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FC8EFF2E5FE9FF0A" box="[873,930,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936A42E659B27FF5AFF4A58CCFEB2" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
|
||
Soils are rich in organic matter with high content of aluminum and low content of calcium, magnesium, and potassium (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E659B27FEEFFF665DA7FEB2" author="Restrepo, D. L. & Sylva, D. S. & Martinez, G. E. & Orrego, C. E." box="[264,492,232,257]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" refId="ref7121" refString="Restrepo, D. L., Sylva, D. S., Martinez, G. E. & Orrego, C. E. (1989) Estudio floristico de la cuenca alta del Rio Cuevas, Municipio de Frontino, Antioquia. Manuscript. Departamento de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Seccional Medellin,." type="book" year="1989">
|
||
Restrepo
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FE93FF665DE6FEB2" box="[372,429,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and pH ranging from 4.24 to 5.86 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E659B27FC64FF665831FEB2" author="Luteyn, J. & Sylva, D. S." box="[899,1146,232,257]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" pagination="280 - 302" refId="ref7023" refString="Luteyn, J., & Sylva, D. S. (1999) " Murri " (Antioquia Department, Colombia): hotspot for neotropical blueberries (Ericaceae: Vaccinieae). Brittonia 51: 280 - 302. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2666609" type="journal article" year="1999">Luteyn & Sylva 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936A42E659B27FF5AFE825E46FEDE" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FF5AFE825E4EFE96" bold="true" box="[189,517,268,293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Reproductive phenology:—</emphasis>
|
||
Very little is known about the reproductive phenology of this species. Immature and near-mature pollen strobili have been collected in mid-April, and an immature but near full-sized ovulate strobilus was observed in July of 2014 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D2A212E659B27FE4BFEDA5E4BFEDE" box="[428,512,340,365]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1766,1787]" captionTargetBox="[296,1292,335,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-76@4.[296,1292,335,1746]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Zamia montana in habitat in Antioquia, Colombia. A. Newly emerging leaf. B. Herbivory by Eumaeus sp. Larvae. C. Arborescent trunk with 30 cm ruler for scale. D. Juvenile seed strobilus approximately 33 x 16 cm. Photograph by Marco Tulio Betancur. E. Juvenile pollen strobili, longest one approximately 12 cm long. Photograph by Julio Betancur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641853/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Fig. 3d</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C652F2E659B27FF5AFEF65DC3F79E" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936A42E659B27FF5AFEF65845FE06" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FF5AFEF65D0AFE22" bold="true" box="[189,321,376,401]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Ecology:—</emphasis>
|
||
Larvae of a butterfly species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D272E659B27FCFBFEF65F94FE22" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[796,991,376,401]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Eumaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FCFBFEF65FC8FE22" box="[796,899,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Eumaeus</emphasis>
|
||
Hübner
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were observed feeding on new leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D272E659B27FF6FFE125D43FE06" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1875" box="[136,264,412,437]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FF6FFE125D43FE06" box="[136,264,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Z. montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D2A212E659B27FEF0FE125D21FE06" box="[279,362,412,437]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1766,1787]" captionTargetBox="[296,1292,335,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-76@4.[296,1292,335,1746]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Zamia montana in habitat in Antioquia, Colombia. A. Newly emerging leaf. B. Herbivory by Eumaeus sp. Larvae. C. Arborescent trunk with 30 cm ruler for scale. D. Juvenile seed strobilus approximately 33 x 16 cm. Photograph by Marco Tulio Betancur. E. Juvenile pollen strobili, longest one approximately 12 cm long. Photograph by Julio Betancur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641853/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pollinators of this species have not yet been observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936A42E659B27FF5AFE4E5944FDDA" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FF5AFE4E5D9EFE6A" bold="true" box="[189,469,448,473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Conservation status:—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D272E659B27FE32FE4E5EC0FE6A" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1875" box="[469,651,448,473]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FE32FE4E5EC0FE6A" box="[469,651,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Zamia montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently known from only a single very fragmented population comprised of four subpopulations in forest fragments separated by areas cleared for pasture. There are an estimated total of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D20FD2D2E659B27FF38FD865D0CFD92" box="[223,327,520,545]" count="100" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" type="adult">100 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
plants in an extent of occurrence of approximately 3 sq. km. These populations occur in small forest fragments surrounded by pasture, totaling an area of occupancy of less than 0.2 sq. km. Other forest fragments were visible in nearby mountains where additional populations may occur, but these have yet to be surveyed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936A42E659B27FF5AFDFA5DA1FCD6" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
|
||
This species is likely one of the most threatened species in the genus. Believed to be possibly extinct (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E659B27FAD0FDFA5C89FD02" author="Stevenson, D. W." pageId="5" pageNumber="284" pagination="194 - 234" refId="ref7342" refString="Stevenson, D. W. (2004) Cycads of Colombia. The Botanical Review 70: 194 - 234. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1663 / 0006 - 8101 (2004) 070 [0194: coc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2004">Stevenson 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) until our re-discovery of extant populations in 2014, the situation of remnant populations is dire. Several collection sites from the late 1980’s and early 1990’s were revisited and are now completely deforested. A single population was located with a few subpopulations occurring in small forest fragments that were scheduled for clearing by local inhabitants within a year. Recently cleared forests were surveyed where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D272E659B27FBFEFC8A5881FCAE" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1875" box="[1049,1226,772,797]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FBFEFC8A5881FCAE" box="[1049,1226,772,797]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Zamia montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants had been cut down only a few days prior to our visit. Even areas surrounding rivers and creeks, normally protected to preserve water quality, were totally deforested.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936A42E659B27FF5AFCFE5857FC46" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
|
||
In three days of searching, no regeneration was observed, likely because most plants seen had been previously chopped down in previous habitat clearing attempts. These plants had regenerated new shoots, but likely most had not grown enough to produce strobili and reproduce. Only four out of approximately 80 plants surveyed were found that were intact, and a single fertile plant with a seed strobilus was observed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D2A212E659B27FC5CFC525845FC46" box="[955,1038,988,1013]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1766,1787]" captionTargetBox="[296,1292,335,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-76@4.[296,1292,335,1746]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Zamia montana in habitat in Antioquia, Colombia. A. Newly emerging leaf. B. Herbivory by Eumaeus sp. Larvae. C. Arborescent trunk with 30 cm ruler for scale. D. Juvenile seed strobilus approximately 33 x 16 cm. Photograph by Marco Tulio Betancur. E. Juvenile pollen strobili, longest one approximately 12 cm long. Photograph by Julio Betancur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641853/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Fig. 3d</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936A42E659B27FF5AFB8E5D33FBD2" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
|
||
The main threat to the species is habitat destruction by deforestation, primarily for the creation of cattle pasture and general colonization activities, and also for the cultivation of diverse crops such as lulo (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D272E659B27FB34FBAA5D20FBD2" authority="Lamarck [1794: 16]" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1794" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quitoense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FB34FBAA59E0FB8E" box="[1235,1451,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Solanum quitoense</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E659B27FF6FFBC65D20FBD2" author="Lamarck, J." box="[136,363,1096,1121]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" refId="ref6844" refString="Lamarck, J. (1794) Tableau encyclopedique et methodique des trois regnes de la nature. Botanique. vol. 2, pt. 1. Panckoucke, Paris, 40 pp." type="book" year="1794">Lamarck [1794: 16]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936A42E659B27FF5AFBE25ED6FA8A" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D272E659B27FF5AFBE25D25FB36" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1875" box="[189,366,1132,1157]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FF5AFBE25D25FB36" box="[189,366,1132,1157]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Zamia montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not known to occur in any protected area, and the establishment of such areas is critical to the survival to the species as well as the establishment of an
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FCE2FB1E5F06FB1A" box="[773,845,1168,1193]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">ex situ</emphasis>
|
||
conservation program (also see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E659B27FB5FFB1E59D2FB1A" author="Galeano, G. & Bernal, R. & Calderon, E. & Garcia, N. & Cogollo, A. & Idarraga, A." box="[1208,1433,1168,1193]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" pagination="387 - 436" refId="ref6634" refString="Galeano, G., Bernal, R., Calderon, E., Garcia, N., Cogollo, A. & Idarraga, A. (2005) Zamias. In: Calderon E., Galeano, G., & Garcia, N. (Eds.) Libro rojo de plantas de Colombia. Volumen 2: palmas, frailejones y Zamias. Serie libros rojos de especies amenazadas de Colombia. Instituto Alexander von Humboldt - Instituto de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial, Bogota, Colombia, pp. 387 - 436." type="book chapter" year="2005">
|
||
Galeano
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FAFAFB1E591EFB1A" box="[1309,1365,1168,1193]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species should remain classified as Critically Endangered based on IUCN Criteria A3ac, B1ab(i–v)+2ab(i–v). The category suggested here is the same recommended by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E659B27FCF8FB56585BFB42" author="Galeano, G. & Bernal, R. & Calderon, E. & Garcia, N. & Cogollo, A. & Idarraga, A." box="[799,1040,1240,1265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" pagination="387 - 436" refId="ref6634" refString="Galeano, G., Bernal, R., Calderon, E., Garcia, N., Cogollo, A. & Idarraga, A. (2005) Zamias. In: Calderon E., Galeano, G., & Garcia, N. (Eds.) Libro rojo de plantas de Colombia. Volumen 2: palmas, frailejones y Zamias. Serie libros rojos de especies amenazadas de Colombia. Instituto Alexander von Humboldt - Instituto de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial, Bogota, Colombia, pp. 387 - 436." type="book chapter" year="2005">
|
||
Galeano
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FC64FB565FF7FB42" box="[899,956,1240,1265]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, even though the criteria are slightly different. Specific locality information has been purposefully withheld from this paper to minimize the risk of illegal harvesting of this critically endangered species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936A42E659B27FF5AFACA5DDFF9EA" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FF5AFACA5DE8FAEE" bold="true" box="[189,419,1348,1373]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Historical notes:—</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E659B27FE45FACA5E72FAEE" author="Regel, E." box="[418,569,1348,1373]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" pagination="140 - 144" refId="ref7099" refString="Regel, E. (1876) Die Cycadeen, deren Gattungen und Arten. Gartenflora 25: 140 - 144." type="journal article" year="1876">Regel (1876)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
transferred several species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D272E659B27FC45FACA5FA1FAEE" authorityName="Linnaeus (1763:" authorityYear="1659" box="[930,1002,1348,1373]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FC45FACA5FA1FAEE" box="[930,1002,1348,1373]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Zamia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D272E659B27FB97FACA58BFFAEE" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1875" box="[1136,1268,1348,1373]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FB97FACA58BFFAEE" box="[1136,1268,1348,1373]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Z. montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, into the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D272E659B27FF6FFAE65E43FA32" authority="Regel (1876: 140)" authorityName="Regel" authorityPageNumber="140" authorityYear="1876" box="[136,520,1384,1409]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Aulacophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FF6FFAE65D79FA32" box="[136,306,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Aulacophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E659B27FEDDFAE65E43FA32" author="Regel, E." box="[314,520,1384,1409]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" pagination="140 - 144" refId="ref7099" refString="Regel, E. (1876) Die Cycadeen, deren Gattungen und Arten. Gartenflora 25: 140 - 144." type="journal article" year="1876">Regel (1876: 140)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on distinct adaxial grooves on the leaflets (i.e strongly nerved leaflets) and the production of simultaneous rather than sequential leaf production. However, the group included species without strongly nerved leaflets such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D272E659B27FE16FA3E5F9EFA7A" authority="Regel (1876: 141)" authorityName="Regel" authorityPageNumber="141" authorityYear="1876" box="[497,981,1456,1481]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Aulacophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ortgiesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FE16FA3E5EB4FA7A" box="[497,767,1456,1481]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Aulacophyllum ortgiesii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E659B27FCE0FA3E5F9EFA7A" author="Regel, E." box="[775,981,1456,1481]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" pagination="140 - 144" refId="ref7099" refString="Regel, E. (1876) Die Cycadeen, deren Gattungen und Arten. Gartenflora 25: 140 - 144." type="journal article" year="1876">Regel (1876: 141)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D272E659B27FB65FA3E5CF6FA5E" authority="Seemann (1854: 201)" authorityName="Seemann" authorityPageNumber="201" authorityYear="1854" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FB65FA3E58A7FA7A" box="[1154,1260,1456,1481]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Z. chigua</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E659B27FB13FA3E5CF6FA5E" author="Seemann, B. C." pageId="5" pageNumber="284" pagination="201 - 203" refId="ref7227" refString="Seemann, B. C. (1854) Cycadeae. In: Seemann, B. C. (Ed.) Flora of the isthmus of Panama. The botany of the voyage of H. M. S. Herald. L. Reeve, London, pp. 201 - 203." type="book chapter" year="1854">Seemann (1854: 201)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the distinction between simultaneous and sequential leaf production is not clear. Leaf production in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D272E659B27FA83FA5A59E7FA5E" authorityName="Linnaeus (1763:" authorityYear="1659" box="[1380,1452,1492,1517]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FA83FA5A59E7FA5E" box="[1380,1452,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Zamia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be sequential, even if in some species it may be very closely spaced as to appear almost simultaneous.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E659B27FF6FF9925DFCF986" author="Bentham, G. & Hooker, J. D." box="[136,439,1564,1589]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" pagination="443 - 447" refId="ref6356" refString="Bentham, G. & Hooker, J. D. (1880). Cycadaceae. In: Bentham, G. & Hooker, J. D. (Eds.) Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita vol. 3, pt. 1. A. Black, London, pp. 443 - 447. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 747" type="book chapter" year="1880">Bentham & Hooker (1880)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D272E659B27FDE8F9925EF2F986" authorityName="Regel" authorityYear="1876" box="[527,697,1564,1589]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Aulacophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FDE8F9925EF2F986" box="[527,697,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Aulacophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
back into synonymy under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D272E659B27FC16F9925872F986" authorityName="Linnaeus (1763:" authorityYear="1659" box="[1009,1081,1564,1589]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FC16F9925872F986" box="[1009,1081,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Zamia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and all subsequent authors have followed this treatment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936A42E659B27FF5AF9EA5D2AF976" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E659B27FF5AF9EA5DCAF9CE" author="Stevenson, D. W." box="[189,385,1636,1661]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" refId="ref7298" refString="Stevenson, D. W. (2001) Cycadales. In: Bernal, R. & Forero, E. (Eds.) Flora de Colombia, vol. 21. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogota, 92 pp." type="book" year="2001">Stevenson (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
designated a 1987 collection by James L. Zarucchi as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549D88062E659B27FBE6F9EA5811F9CE" box="[1025,1114,1636,1661]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
for the species as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549D88062E659B27FAADF9EA59E7F9CE" box="[1354,1452,1636,1661]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
collection of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D272E659B27FEC5F9065DEFF912" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1875" box="[290,420,1672,1697]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FEC5F9065DEFF912" box="[290,420,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Z. montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was believed to have been destroyed in the bombing of the Berlin herbarium during the Second World War.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936A42E659B27FF5AF95E5FCEF882" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B552E659B27FF5AF95E5D26F95A" author="Schuster, J." box="[189,365,1744,1769]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref7182" refString="Schuster, J. (1932) Cycadaceae. In: Engler, A. & Diels, L. (Eds.) Das Pflanzenreich vol. 4 (1). W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 168." type="book chapter" year="1932">Schuster (1932)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
cited a specimen labeled as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D272E659B27FD4BF95E5F8FF95A" authority="U. Dammer" authorityName="U. Dammer" box="[684,964,1744,1769]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kalbreyeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FD4BF95E5F71F95A" box="[684,826,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Z. kalbreyeri</emphasis>
|
||
U. Dammer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” in the Berlin herbarium under his treatment of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D272E659B27FF42F97A5D6FF8BE" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1875" box="[165,292,1780,1805]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FF42F97A5D6FF8BE" box="[165,292,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Z. montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the species name was never validly published and therefore has no taxonomic status. This specimen was also likely destroyed with the bombing of the Berlin herbarium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936A42E659B27FF5AF8B25DC3F79E" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4E3CF92E659B27FF5AF8B25FFCF82E" collectingDate="1880-07-26" collectingDateMax="1881-03-26" collectingDateMin="1880-07-26" collectionCode="K" collectorName="Gustav Wallis" country="Colombia" county="Eichler" location="Paramillo" municipality="James Veitch" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Antioquia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FF5AF8B25E2FF8E6" bold="true" box="[189,612,1852,1877]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549D88062E659B27FF5AF8B25E08F8E6" box="[189,579,1852,1877]" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Additional specimens examined</typeStatus>
|
||
:—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33176342E659B27FD83F8B25EB3F8E6" box="[612,760,1852,1877]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
[Nueva Granada]:
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FC3CF8B25814F8E6" box="[987,1119,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62F84E282E659B27FC3CF8B25866F8E6" box="[987,1069,1852,1877]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Eichler</collectingCounty>
|
||
s.n.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED37AE612E659B27FB94F8B258C0F8E6" box="[1139,1163,1852,1877]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
|
||
), mounted illustration of
|
||
<typeStatus id="549D88062E659B27FF6FF8EE5CA1F8CA" box="[136,234,1888,1913]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
material (original material likely destroyed) collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26D353722E659B27FC9CF8EE5852F8CA" box="[891,1049,1888,1913]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Gustav Wallis</collectorName>
|
||
and cultivated by
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFDACDE2E659B27FB0AF8EE59CFF8CA" box="[1261,1412,1888,1913]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">James Veitch</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9810642E659B27FA77F8EE5D5EF82E" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" value="1881-03-26">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDCE98C2E659B27FA77F8EE5D5EF82E" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" value="1881-03-26">26 March 1881</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FEC6F80A5DE9F82E" bold="true" box="[289,418,1924,1949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E2F8462E659B27FEC6F80A5DD6F82E" box="[289,413,1924,1949]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8EF9607F2E659B27FE4CF80A5E53F82E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87B22E629B27FF6FFC745DC3F79E:8EF9607F2E659B27FE4CF80A5E53F82E" box="[427,536,1924,1949]" country="Colombia" county="Eichler" municipality="James Veitch" name="Paramillo" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" stateProvince="Antioquia">Paramillo</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9810642E659B27FDC0F80A5EF5F82E" box="[551,702,1924,1949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" value="1880-07-26">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDCE98C2E659B27FDC0F80A5EF5F82E" box="[551,702,1924,1949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" value="1880-07-26">26 July 1880</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FD2CF80A5F37F82E" box="[715,892,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Kalbreyer 1928</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED37AE612E659B27FC69F80A5FE2F82E" box="[910,937,1924,1949]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4E3CF92E659B27FC22F80A594DF82E" box="[965,1286,1924,1949]" collectionCode="K" country="Colombia" location="Shuttleworth" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" specimenCount="1">
|
||
1882,
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FBEBF80A5880F82E" box="[1036,1227,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
|
||
<location id="8EF9607F2E659B27FBEBF80A58D0F82E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87B22E629B27FF6FFC745DC3F79E:8EF9607F2E659B27FBEBF80A58D0F82E" box="[1036,1179,1924,1949]" country="Colombia" name="Shuttleworth" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Shuttleworth</location>
|
||
s.n.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED37AE612E659B27FB3AF80A58B3F82E" box="[1245,1272,1924,1949]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4E3CF92E659B27FAF3F80A5FC3F872" collectingDate="1991-02-16" collectionCode="HUA" country="Colombia" elevation="2080" location="Municipio de Frontino" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EF9607F2E659B27FAF3F80A5CA0F872" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87B22E629B27FF6FFC745DC3F79E:8EF9607F2E659B27FAF3F80A5CA0F872" country="Colombia" name="Municipio de Frontino" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Municipio de Frontino</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B412E659B27FF1EF8265D19F872" box="[249,338,1960,1985]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.08" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" unit="m" value="2080.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000BD1972E659B27FF1EF8265D19F872" box="[249,338,1960,1985]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.08" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" unit="m" value="2080.0">2080 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9810642E659B27FEB8F8265E67F872" box="[351,556,1960,1985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" value="1991-02-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDCE98C2E659B27FEB8F8265E67F872" box="[351,556,1960,1985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" value="1991-02-16">16 February 1991</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FDDDF8265F61F872" box="[570,810,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Callejas et al. 10656</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED37AE612E659B27FCDCF8265F36F872" box="[827,893,1960,1985]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15677" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15677" name="Universidad de Antioquia" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" type="Herbarium">HUA</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4E3CF92E659B27FC6AF8265C95F856" collectingDate="2014-07-05" collectionCode="HUA" country="Colombia" elevation="1875" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B412E659B27FC6AF8265879F872" box="[909,1074,1960,1985]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.875" metricValueMax="1.95" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" unit="m" value="1875.0" valueMax="1950.0" valueMin="1800.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000BD1972E659B27FC6AF8265879F872" box="[909,1074,1960,1985]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.875" metricValueMax="1.95" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" unit="m" value="1875.0" valueMax="1950.0" valueMin="1800.0">1800–1950 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9810642E659B27FBA7F8265882F872" box="[1088,1225,1960,1985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" value="2014-07-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDCE98C2E659B27FBA7F8265882F872" box="[1088,1225,1960,1985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" value="2014-07-05">5 July 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FB31F82659E0F872" box="[1238,1451,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Roldán et al. 4725</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED37AE612E659B27FF77F8425C99F856" box="[144,210,1996,2021]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15677" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15677" name="Universidad de Antioquia" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" type="Herbarium">HUA</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4E3CF92E659B27FF05F842581FF856" box="[226,1108,1996,2021]" collectingDate="1986-11-20" collectionCode="CUVC, MEDEL" country="Colombia" elevation="1900" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B412E659B27FF05F8425DC2F856" box="[226,393,1996,2021]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="1.92" metricValueMin="1.88" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" unit="m" value="1900.0" valueMax="1920.0" valueMin="1880.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000BD1972E659B27FF05F8425DC2F856" box="[226,393,1996,2021]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="1.92" metricValueMin="1.88" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" unit="m" value="1900.0" valueMax="1920.0" valueMin="1880.0">1880–1920 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9810642E659B27FE7EF8425E30F856" box="[409,635,1996,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" value="1986-11-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDCE98C2E659B27FE7EF8425E30F856" box="[409,635,1996,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" value="1986-11-20">20 November 1986</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, Sánchez
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FD15F8425F28F856" box="[754,867,1996,2021]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">et al. 700</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED37AE612E659B27FC91F8425F86F856" box="[886,973,1996,2021]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15729" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15729" name="Universidad del Valle" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" type="Herbarium">CUVC</collectionCode>
|
||
!,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED37AE612E659B27FC07F8425801F856" box="[992,1098,1996,2021]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15745" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15745" name="Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede de Medellín" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" type="Herbarium">MEDEL</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4E3CF92E659B27FBBEF8425D91F7BA" collectingDate="1986-11-23" collectionCode="MEDEL" country="Colombia" elevation="1900" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B412E659B27FBBEF84258FEF856" box="[1113,1205,1996,2021]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" unit="m" value="1900.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000BD1972E659B27FBBEF84258FEF856" box="[1113,1205,1996,2021]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" unit="m" value="1900.0">1900 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9810642E659B27FB22F84259ECF856" box="[1221,1447,1996,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" value="1986-11-23">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDCE98C2E659B27FB22F84259ECF856" box="[1221,1447,1996,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" value="1986-11-23">23 November 1986</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FF6FF87E5D1EF7BA" box="[136,341,2032,2057]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Sánchez et al. 816</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED37AE612E659B27FE82F87E5D84F7BA" box="[357,463,2032,2057]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15745" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15745" name="Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede de Medellín" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" type="Herbarium">MEDEL</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4E3CF92E659B27FE38F87E58EAF7BA" box="[479,1185,2032,2057]" collectingDate="1987-04-14" collectionCode="COL, MEDEL" country="Colombia" elevation="1750" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B412E659B27FE38F87E5E72F7BA" box="[479,569,2032,2057]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" unit="m" value="1750.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000BD1972E659B27FE38F87E5E72F7BA" box="[479,569,2032,2057]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" unit="m" value="1750.0">1750 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9810642E659B27FDA2F87E5EAFF7BA" box="[581,740,2032,2057]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" value="1987-04-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDCE98C2E659B27FDA2F87E5EAFF7BA" box="[581,740,2032,2057]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" value="1987-04-14">14 April 1987</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FD17F87E5F82F7BA" box="[752,969,2032,2057]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Sánchez et al. 1185</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED37AE612E659B27FC3EF87E5851F7BA" box="[985,1050,2032,2057]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15629" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15629" name="Universidad Nacional de Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" type="Herbarium">COL</collectionCode>
|
||
!,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED37AE612E659B27FBCDF87E58DDF7BA" box="[1066,1174,2032,2057]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15745" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15745" name="Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede de Medellín" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" type="Herbarium">MEDEL</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4E3CF92E659B27FB42F87E5DCFF79E" collectingDate="1987-04-14" collectionCode="MEDEL" country="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<date id="FF9810642E659B27FB42F87E590FF7BA" box="[1189,1348,2032,2057]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" value="1987-04-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDCE98C2E659B27FB42F87E590FF7BA" box="[1189,1348,2032,2057]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" value="1987-04-14">14 April 1987</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAB62E659B27FAB7F87E5CB6F79E" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Sánchez et al. 1186</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED37AE612E659B27FEEBF79A5D33F79E" box="[268,376,2068,2093]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15745" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15745" name="Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede de Medellín" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" type="Herbarium">MEDEL</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |