348 lines
35 KiB
XML
348 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.7717/peerj.7386" ID-GBIF-Dataset="41ff7b58-5204-42ec-b85a-75a6904af370" ID-PMC="PMC6716565" ID-PubMed="31523494" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5767530" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_document="1" checkinTime="1638970172773" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Murillo-Ramos, Leidys, Brehm, Gunnar, Sihvonen, Pasi, Hausmann, Axel, Holm, Sille, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza, Õunap, Erki, Truuverk, Andro, Staude, Hermann, Friedrich, Egbert, Tammaru, Toomas & Wahlberg, Niklas" docDate="2019" docId="038F87AD2B09FFA02EC55C29FCD50EFA" docLanguage="en" docName="PeerJ.7.e7386.pdf" docOrigin="PeerJ 7" docTitle="Chlorodontoperini , Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen & Brehm 2019, new tribe" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FFB6FFD52B1FFFB72F375F1EFFC20D03" masterDocTitle="A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) with a focus on enigmatic small subfamilies" masterLastPageNumber="39" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1668138804254" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) with a focus on enigmatic small subfamilies</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Murillo-Ramos, Leidys</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Brehm, Gunnar</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Sihvonen, Pasi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Hausmann, Axel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Holm, Sille</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ghanavi, Hamid Reza</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Õunap, Erki</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Truuverk, Andro</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Staude, Hermann</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Friedrich, Egbert</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tammaru, Toomas</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Wahlberg, Niklas</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:title>PeerJ</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2019-08-27</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>7</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>39</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.7717/peerj.7386</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">41ff7b58-5204-42ec-b85a-75a6904af370</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PMC">PMC6716565</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5767481" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191256156" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5767481" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87AD2B09FFA02EC55C29FCD50EFA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F87AD2B09FFA02EC55C29FCD50EFA" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection box="[498,1277,822,849]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[498,1277,822,849]" box="[498,1277,822,849]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName authority="Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen & Brehm" authorityName=", Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen & Brehm" authorityYear="2019" box="[498,1148,823,849]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" status="new tribe" tribe="Chlorodontoperini">Chlorodontoperini Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen & Brehm</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1162,1277,822,849]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1162,1277,822,849]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="tribe">new tribe</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[498,1378,868,895]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[498,1474,868,1025]" box="[498,1378,868,895]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0833860E-A092-43D6-B2A1-FB57D9F7988D</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[498,1013,913,940]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[498,1474,868,1025]" box="[498,1013,913,940]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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Type genus:
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<taxonomicName authority="Warren, 1893" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[648,1013,913,940]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[648,843,913,939]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Chlorodontopera</emphasis>
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Warren, 1893
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[498,1474,868,1025]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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Material examined: Taxa in the molecular phylogeny:
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<taxonomicName authority="(Moore, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discospilata">
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<emphasis box="[1137,1474,958,984]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Chlorodontopera discospilata</emphasis>
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(Moore, 1867)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authority="(Leech, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[729,1255,998,1024]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mandarinata">
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<emphasis box="[729,1085,998,1024]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Chlorodontopera mandarinata</emphasis>
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(Leech, 1889)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[498,1542,1060,1924]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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Some studies (
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<bibRefCitation author="Inoue H." box="[700,835,1060,1086]" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Japonica" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 106" part="4" refId="ref18985" refString="Inoue H. 1961. Lepidoptera: Geometridae. Insecta Japonica 4: 1 - 106." title="Lepidoptera: Geometridae" type="journal article" year="1961">
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<emphasis box="[700,835,1060,1086]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Inoue, 1961</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Holloway J." box="[848,1027,1060,1086]" journalOrPublisher="Ennominae Malayan Nature Journal" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="147 - 326" part="49" refId="ref18919" refString="Holloway J. 1996. The moths of Borneo, part 9: Geometridae (incl. Orthostixini), Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae, Geometrinae. Ennominae Malayan Nature Journal 49: 147 - 326." title="The moths of Borneo, part 9: Geometridae (incl. Orthostixini), Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae, Geometrinae" type="journal article" year="1996">
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<emphasis box="[848,1027,1060,1086]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Holloway, 1996</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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) suggested the morphological similarities of
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<taxonomicName authority="Warren, 1893" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[498,863,1100,1127]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[498,693,1100,1126]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Chlorodontopera</emphasis>
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Warren, 1893
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</taxonomicName>
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with members of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Inoue" authorityYear="1961" box="[1081,1202,1100,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aracimini">Aracimini</taxonomicName>
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. Moreover,
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<bibRefCitation author="Holloway J." box="[1343,1535,1100,1126]" journalOrPublisher="Ennominae Malayan Nature Journal" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="147 - 326" part="49" refId="ref18919" refString="Holloway J. 1996. The moths of Borneo, part 9: Geometridae (incl. Orthostixini), Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae, Geometrinae. Ennominae Malayan Nature Journal 49: 147 - 326." title="The moths of Borneo, part 9: Geometridae (incl. Orthostixini), Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae, Geometrinae" type="journal article" year="1996">
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<emphasis box="[1343,1535,1100,1126]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Holloway (1996)</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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considered this genus as part of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Inoue" authorityYear="1961" box="[881,1002,1140,1166]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aracimini">Aracimini</taxonomicName>
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. Our results suggest a sister relationship of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[498,693,1180,1206]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[498,693,1180,1206]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Chlorodontopera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with a large clade comprising
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Inoue" authorityYear="1961" box="[1058,1178,1180,1206]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aracimini">Aracimini</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Inoue" authorityYear="1961" box="[1191,1377,1180,1206]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Neohipparchini">Neohipparchini</taxonomicName>
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, Timandromorphini,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1829" box="[742,878,1220,1246]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Geometrini">Geometrini</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gumppenberg" authorityYear="1887" box="[891,1012,1220,1246]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nemoriini">Nemoriini</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Inoue" authorityYear="1961" box="[1074,1228,1220,1246]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Comibaenini">Comibaenini</taxonomicName>
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. Considering that our analysis strongly supports
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[811,1006,1260,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[811,1006,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Chlorodontopera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as an independent lineage (branch support SH-like = 99 UFBoot2 = 100, RBS = 99), we introduce the monobasic tribe
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<taxonomicName authorityName=", Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen & Brehm" authorityYear="2019" box="[498,721,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chlorodontoperini">Chlorodontoperini</taxonomicName>
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. This tribe can be diagnosed by the combination of DNA data from six genetic markers (exemplar
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[819,1156,1379,1405]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discospilata">
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<emphasis box="[819,1156,1379,1405]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Chlorodontopera discospilata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) CAD (MG015448), COI (MG014735), EF1a (MG015329), GAPDH (MG014862), MDH (MG014980) and RpS5 (MG015562).
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<bibRefCitation author="Ban X & Jiang N & Cheng R & Xue D & Han H." box="[664,859,1459,1485]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="653 - 672" part="184" refId="ref18087" refString="Ban X, Jiang N, Cheng R, Xue D, Han H. 2018. Tribal classification and phylogeny of Geometrinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) inferred from seven gene regions. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184 (3): 653 - 672 DOI 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zly 013." title="Tribal classification and phylogeny of Geometrinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) inferred from seven gene regions" type="journal article" year="2018">
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<emphasis box="[664,859,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ban et al. (2018)</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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did not introduce a new tribe because the relationship between
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[603,798,1499,1525]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[603,798,1499,1525]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Chlorodontopera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authority="Warren, 1896" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1896" box="[859,1116,1499,1525]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Euxena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[859,946,1500,1525]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Euxena</emphasis>
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Warren, 1896
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</taxonomicName>
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was not clear in their study. This relationship was also been proposed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Holloway J." box="[969,1161,1539,1565]" journalOrPublisher="Ennominae Malayan Nature Journal" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="147 - 326" part="49" refId="ref18919" refString="Holloway J. 1996. The moths of Borneo, part 9: Geometridae (incl. Orthostixini), Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae, Geometrinae. Ennominae Malayan Nature Journal 49: 147 - 326." title="The moths of Borneo, part 9: Geometridae (incl. Orthostixini), Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae, Geometrinae" type="journal article" year="1996">
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<emphasis box="[969,1161,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Holloway (1996)</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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based on similar wing patterns. Further analyses are needed to clarify the affinities between
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[1195,1390,1578,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1195,1390,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Chlorodontopera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1896" box="[1449,1536,1579,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Euxena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1449,1536,1579,1604]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Euxena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="22.[498,1542,1060,1924]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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The tribe
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<taxonomicName authorityName=", Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen & Brehm" authorityYear="2019" box="[644,857,1618,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chlorodontoperini">Chlorodontoperini</taxonomicName>
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is diagnosed by distinct discal spots with pale margins on the wings, which are larger on the hindwing; a dull reddish-brown patch is present between the discal spot and the costa on the hindwing, and veins M3 and CuA1 are not stalked on the hindwing (
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<bibRefCitation author="Ban X & Jiang N & Cheng R & Xue D & Han H." box="[706,883,1738,1764]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="653 - 672" part="184" refId="ref18087" refString="Ban X, Jiang N, Cheng R, Xue D, Han H. 2018. Tribal classification and phylogeny of Geometrinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) inferred from seven gene regions. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184 (3): 653 - 672 DOI 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zly 013." title="Tribal classification and phylogeny of Geometrinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) inferred from seven gene regions" type="journal article" year="2018">
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<emphasis box="[706,883,1738,1764]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ban et al., 2018</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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). In the male genitalia, the socii are stout and setose and the lateral arms of the gnathos are developed, not joined. Sternite 3 of the male has setal patches (see
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<bibRefCitation author="Holloway J." box="[638,810,1817,1844]" journalOrPublisher="Ennominae Malayan Nature Journal" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="147 - 326" part="49" refId="ref18919" refString="Holloway J. 1996. The moths of Borneo, part 9: Geometridae (incl. Orthostixini), Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae, Geometrinae. Ennominae Malayan Nature Journal 49: 147 - 326." title="The moths of Borneo, part 9: Geometridae (incl. Orthostixini), Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae, Geometrinae" type="journal article" year="1996">
|
|
<emphasis box="[638,810,1817,1844]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Holloway, 1996</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
for illustrations). Formal taxonomic changesare listedin
|
|
<tableCitation box="[1453,1535,1818,1844]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="15.[117,172,248,269]" captionText="Table 2 Summary of formally proposed taxonomic changes." pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="22.[498,1542,1060,1924]" lastBlockId="23.[498,1542,234,1018]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Inoue" authorityYear="1961" box="[530,650,1857,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aracimini">Aracimini</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Inoue" authorityYear="1961" box="[663,849,1857,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Neohipparchini">Neohipparchini</taxonomicName>
|
|
, Timandromorphini,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1829" box="[1107,1241,1857,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Geometrini">Geometrini</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Inoue" authorityYear="1961" box="[1302,1453,1857,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Comibaenini">Comibaenini</taxonomicName>
|
|
were recovered as monophyletic groups. These results are in full agreement with
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Ban X & Jiang N & Cheng R & Xue D & Han H." box="[498,693,234,260]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="653 - 672" part="184" refId="ref18087" refString="Ban X, Jiang N, Cheng R, Xue D, Han H. 2018. Tribal classification and phylogeny of Geometrinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) inferred from seven gene regions. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184 (3): 653 - 672 DOI 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zly 013." title="Tribal classification and phylogeny of Geometrinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) inferred from seven gene regions" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
|
<emphasis box="[498,693,234,260]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ban et al. (2018)</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. However, the phylogenetic position of
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Warren, 1894" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[1166,1459,234,261]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eucyclodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1166,1289,234,260]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Eucyclodes</emphasis>
|
|
Warren, 1894
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is uncertain (unnamed G2). The monophyly of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gumppenberg" authorityYear="1887" box="[1026,1147,274,300]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nemoriini">Nemoriini</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ferguson" authorityYear="1969" box="[1205,1339,274,300]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Synchlorini">Synchlorini</taxonomicName>
|
|
is not supported. Instead,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ferguson" authorityYear="1969" box="[599,733,314,340]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Synchlorini">Synchlorini</taxonomicName>
|
|
are nested within
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gumppenberg" authorityYear="1887" box="[953,1074,314,340]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nemoriini">Nemoriini</taxonomicName>
|
|
(support branch SH-like = 98.3, UFBoot2 = 91, RBS = 93). Our findings are in concordance with
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Sihvonen P & Mutanen M & Kaila L & Brehm G & Hausmann A & Staude HS" box="[1244,1491,354,380]" journalOrPublisher="PLOS ONE" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="20356" part="6" refId="ref20700" refString="Sihvonen P, Mutanen M, Kaila L, Brehm G, Hausmann A, Staude HS. 2011. Comprehensive molecular sampling yields a robust phylogeny for geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). PLOS ONE 6 (6): e 20356 DOI 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0020356." title="Comprehensive molecular sampling yields a robust phylogeny for geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1244,1491,354,380]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Murillo-Ramos & Brehm & Sihvonen & Hausmann & Holm & Ghanavi & Õunap & Truuverk & Staude & Friedrich & Tammaru & Wahlberg, 2019" authorityName="Murillo-Ramos & Brehm & Sihvonen & Hausmann & Holm & Ghanavi & Õunap & Truuverk & Staude & Friedrich & Tammaru & Wahlberg" authorityYear="2019" box="[1244,1349,354,380]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" status="new subfamily" subFamily="Sihvonen">Sihvonen</taxonomicName>
|
|
et al. (2011)
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Ban X & Jiang N & Cheng R & Xue D & Han H." box="[498,687,394,420]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="653 - 672" part="184" refId="ref18087" refString="Ban X, Jiang N, Cheng R, Xue D, Han H. 2018. Tribal classification and phylogeny of Geometrinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) inferred from seven gene regions. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184 (3): 653 - 672 DOI 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zly 013." title="Tribal classification and phylogeny of Geometrinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) inferred from seven gene regions" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
|
<emphasis box="[498,687,394,420]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ban et al. (2018)</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, but our analyses included a larger number of markers and a much higher number of taxa. Thus, we formally synonymize
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ferguson" authorityYear="1969" box="[1064,1198,433,459]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" status="syn. nov." tribe="Synchlorini">Synchlorini</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1207,1316,434,460]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1207,1316,434,460]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
with
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gumppenberg" authorityYear="1887" box="[1386,1507,433,459]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nemoriini">Nemoriini</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<tableCitation box="[508,596,473,499]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="15.[117,172,248,269]" captionText="Table 2 Summary of formally proposed taxonomic changes." pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="23.[498,1542,234,1018]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
|
The monophyly of
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="sensu Pitkin, Han & James (2007)" authorityName="sensu Pitkin, Han & James" authorityYear="2007" box="[759,1343,513,540]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">
|
|
Pseudoterpnini
|
|
<emphasis box="[945,1343,513,540]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
|
sensu
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Pitkin LM & Han HX & James S." box="[1016,1343,513,540]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="343 - 412" part="150" refId="ref20030" refString="Pitkin LM, Han HX, James S. 2007. Moths of the tribe Pseudoterpnini (Geometridae: Geometrinae): a review of the genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150 (2): 343 - 412 DOI 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2007.00287. x." title="Moths of the tribe Pseudoterpnini (Geometridae: Geometrinae): a review of the genera" type="journal article" year="2007">Pitkin, Han & James (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
could not be recovered. Similar results were shown by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Ban X & Jiang N & Cheng R & Xue D & Han H." box="[984,1177,553,579]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="653 - 672" part="184" refId="ref18087" refString="Ban X, Jiang N, Cheng R, Xue D, Han H. 2018. Tribal classification and phylogeny of Geometrinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) inferred from seven gene regions. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184 (3): 653 - 672 DOI 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zly 013." title="Tribal classification and phylogeny of Geometrinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) inferred from seven gene regions" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
|
<emphasis box="[984,1177,553,579]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ban et al. (2018)</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
who recovered
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Pitkin, Han & James" authorityYear="2007" box="[1364,1542,553,579]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis box="[498,522,593,619]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">s.l</emphasis>
|
|
. including all the genera previously studied by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Pitkin LM & Han HX & James S." box="[1082,1409,593,619]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="343 - 412" part="150" refId="ref20030" refString="Pitkin LM, Han HX, James S. 2007. Moths of the tribe Pseudoterpnini (Geometridae: Geometrinae): a review of the genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150 (2): 343 - 412 DOI 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2007.00287. x." title="Moths of the tribe Pseudoterpnini (Geometridae: Geometrinae): a review of the genera" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1082,1409,593,619]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Pitkin, Han & James (2007)</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, forming a separate clade from
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Hubner, 1823" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[737,1063,633,659]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pseudoterpna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[737,893,633,659]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Pseudoterpna</emphasis>
|
|
Hübner, 1823
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
+
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Moore, 1887" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1887" box="[1098,1348,633,659]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pingasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1098,1188,633,658]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Pingasa</emphasis>
|
|
Moore, 1887
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Our results showed African
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Prout, 1922" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1922" box="[691,988,673,699]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Mictoschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[691,842,673,699]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Mictoschema</emphasis>
|
|
Prout, 1922
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
falling within
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Pitkin, Han & James" authorityYear="2007" box="[1162,1340,673,699]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis box="[1349,1394,673,698]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">s.str</emphasis>
|
|
., and it is sister to
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[595,751,712,738]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pseudoterpna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[595,751,712,738]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Pseudoterpna</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1887" box="[808,898,713,738]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pingasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[808,898,713,738]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Pingasa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Asecond group of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Pitkin, Han & James" authorityYear="2007" box="[1129,1307,712,738]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis box="[1313,1336,712,738]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">s.l</emphasis>
|
|
. was recovered as an independent lineage clearly separate from
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Pitkin, Han & James" authorityYear="2007" box="[1035,1213,752,778]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis box="[1222,1267,753,778]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">s.str</emphasis>
|
|
. (SH-like = 88.3, UFBoot2 = 64).
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Ban X & Jiang N & Cheng R & Xue D & Han H." box="[690,883,792,818]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="653 - 672" part="184" refId="ref18087" refString="Ban X, Jiang N, Cheng R, Xue D, Han H. 2018. Tribal classification and phylogeny of Geometrinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) inferred from seven gene regions. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184 (3): 653 - 672 DOI 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zly 013." title="Tribal classification and phylogeny of Geometrinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) inferred from seven gene regions" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
|
<emphasis box="[690,883,792,818]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ban et al. (2018)</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
did not introduce a new tribe due to the morphological similarities and difficulty in finding apomorphies of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Pitkin, Han & James" authorityYear="2007" box="[1101,1279,832,858]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis box="[1286,1331,833,858]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">s.str</emphasis>
|
|
. In addition, their results were weakly supported. Considering that two independent studies have demonstrated the paraphyly of
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="sensu Pitkin et al. (2007)" authorityName="sensu Pitkin et al." authorityYear="2007" box="[863,1335,912,938]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">
|
|
Pseudoterpnini
|
|
<emphasis box="[1048,1110,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">sensu</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Pitkin LM & Han HX & James S." box="[1117,1335,912,938]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="343 - 412" part="150" refId="ref20030" refString="Pitkin LM, Han HX, James S. 2007. Moths of the tribe Pseudoterpnini (Geometridae: Geometrinae): a review of the genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150 (2): 343 - 412 DOI 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2007.00287. x." title="Moths of the tribe Pseudoterpnini (Geometridae: Geometrinae): a review of the genera" type="journal article" year="2007">Pitkin et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, we see no reason for retaining the wide concept of this tribe. Instead, we propose the revival of the tribe status of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Viidalepp" authorityYear="1981" box="[606,787,991,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Archaeobalbini">Archaeobalbini</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |