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<mods:title id="FE971B642D50631846CB9BDC7BFC7B8E">Markers in the polytene chromosomes of freshwater Chironomus Meigen (Diptera, Chironomidae) species</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BC34E35FFA8D85EFF20FF2FFD51FF2C" blockId="7.[151,732,151,178]" box="[151,732,151,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="518">
<heading id="D08BF959FFA8D85EFF20FF2FFD51FF2C" bold="true" box="[151,732,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="518" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C35B6FFA8D85EFF20FF2FFD51FF2C" ID-CoL="8BGB3" authority="Shilova &amp; Dzhvarsheishvili" authorityName="Shilova &amp; Dzhvarsheishvili" box="[151,732,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="518" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonus">
<emphasis id="B9089227FFA8D85EFF20FF2FFD51FF2C" bold="true" box="[151,732,151,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="518">
<emphasis id="B9089227FFA8D85EFF20FF2FFEF2FF2F" bold="true" box="[151,383,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="518">Chironomus bonus</emphasis>
Shilova &amp; Dzhvarsheishvili
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<paragraph id="8BC34E35FFA8D85EFF20FF67FD13FD84" blockId="7.[151,1436,223,574]" pageId="7" pageNumber="518">
The chromosome set is 2n = 8.AB and CD chromosomes are metacentric, EF—submetacentric and G chromosome— telocentric. The centromeric regions are dark thin bands, well defined (
<figureCitation id="134752B0FFA8D85EFC1EFEBBFC60FE80" box="[937,1005,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,607,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-172@7.[330,1257,597,1874]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Polytene chromosomes of Chironomus bonus.The numbers on the chromosome arms indicate the “basic”sequences. The large arrows show the localization of the centromere region. The small arrow on chromosome G indicates the marker sequences required for species identification. BR—Balbiani Ring, NOR—Nuclear Organizer Region.A, B, C, D, E, F, G—arms of the chromosomes. Scale bar, 10µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11239747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11239747/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="518">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). A chromosome G has one NOR, near to the centromere and two BRs. The species is homosequential to 
<taxonomicName id="4C7C35B6FFA8D85EFCE8FE9FFB5BFEDC" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[863,1238,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="518" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumosus">
<emphasis id="B9089227FFA8D85EFCE8FE9FFBDAFEDC" box="[863,1111,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="518">Chironomus plumosus</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
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and distinguished by shape of its hypopygium (Michailova 1994). In Russian populations of the species, an additional B chromosome, characteristic of the genome of the species, was found (
<bibRefCitation id="EFED33C4FFA8D85EFCB8FED7FB8FFE14" author="Kiknadze, I. I. &amp; Istomina, A. &amp; Golygina, V. &amp; Gunderina, L." box="[783,1026,367,394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="518" refId="ref8743" refString="Kiknadze, I. I., Istomina, A., Golygina, V. &amp; Gunderina, L. (2016) Karyotypes of Palearctic and Holarctic species of the genus Chironomus. Academic Publishing House, &quot; Geo &quot;, Novosibirsk, 489 pp." type="book" year="2016">
Kiknadze 
<emphasis id="B9089227FFA8D85EFC32FEC8FC3AFE14" box="[901,951,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="518">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFED33C4FFA8D85EFBB8FEC8FA96FE14" author="Petrova, N. &amp; Zhirov, S." box="[1039,1307,367,394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="518" refId="ref9659" refString="Petrova, N. &amp; Zhirov, S. (2022) Structure of polytene chromosomes and larval morphology of chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) Atlas. KMK Scientific Press, Saint Peterburg- Moscow, 114 pp., 155 pics. [in Russian]" type="book" year="2022">Petrova &amp; Zhirov 2022</bibRefCitation>
), but in the studied Bulgarian population such an additional chromosome was not found. It is characteristic of the species that chromosome G has incomplete conjugation almost throughout the chromosome, only in the area of the NOR homologues have conjugated (
<figureCitation id="134752B0FFA8D85EFE59FE63FDBCFE68" box="[494,561,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,607,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-172@7.[330,1257,597,1874]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Polytene chromosomes of Chironomus bonus.The numbers on the chromosome arms indicate the “basic”sequences. The large arrows show the localization of the centromere region. The small arrow on chromosome G indicates the marker sequences required for species identification. BR—Balbiani Ring, NOR—Nuclear Organizer Region.A, B, C, D, E, F, G—arms of the chromosomes. Scale bar, 10µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11239747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11239747/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="518">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).In the middle of this chromosome there is a group of dark bands—makers of the species. 
<specimenCount id="9D7A85BCFFA8D85EFEA8FE47FE68FD84" box="[287,485,511,537]" count="35" pageId="7" pageNumber="518" type="larva">Thirty-five larvae</specimenCount>
were examined.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B9089227FFA8D85EFF70FD9BFEF6FDA0" bold="true" box="[199,379,547,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="518">Collection sites</emphasis>
: Shabla Lake.
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