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<document id="D11E733603F9374F87235BFBE1B604D6" ID-CLB-Dataset="46062" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.279037" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9be0b0af-4593-4eaf-85c6-438539d8fbd0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="279037" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460405879879" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stöhr, Sabine" docDate="2011" docId="8E64650DF3725E253FD35EB64264FDC1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03089p050.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3089" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Astrogymnotes oharai Stöhr, 2011, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="725D1D75F37D5E343F445C79405FFFFD" masterDocTitle="New records and new species of Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from Lifou, Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1698299814189" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="92C4BFE6BBC578667A58458CAFC79C34">New records and new species of Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from Lifou, Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="5BB07DCBC5D0407DD252707CEE8E8E57">Stöhr, Sabine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C1E08CAC007FDF71B495A1E9CE102AAA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7538EA1679F910DB482809419F97E0DF">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4953857A5D8E73C79C8DF12D592E3058">3089</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="1F983BB437EB1799C5B7FE6B7526CB57">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A7805A09B7032773EDB59AEF0C08F898" type="CLB-Dataset">46062</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FDE70CF4E88006F2CDB93D1C4A85CD7B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.279037</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F8128F5F34229164E0E7448814D0BE54" type="GBIF-Dataset">9be0b0af-4593-4eaf-85c6-438539d8fbd0</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A41CA7B6C4A7303A9F97F002371CFC2B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="09664102337341D26DDAB13FCE1DE44F" type="Zenodo-Dep">279037</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="8E64650DF3725E253FD35EB64264FDC1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6192702" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119421656" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6192702" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E64650DF3725E253FD35EB64264FDC1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E64650DF3725E253FD35EB64264FDC1" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<subSubSection id="4ED78790F3725E3B3FD35EB64117FCF7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0672D41BF3725E3B3FD35EB64259FD14" blockId="15.[151,518,719,778]" box="[151,518,719,745]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="5D3A6377F3725E3B3FD35EB64259FD14" bold="true" box="[151,518,719,745]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="1">
<emphasis id="34B90809F3725E3B3FD35EB64259FD14" bold="true" box="[151,518,719,745]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F3725E3B3FD35EB641FEFD14" box="[151,417,719,745]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomyxidae" genus="Astrogymnotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oharai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="34B90809F3725E3B3FD35EB641FEFD14" bold="true" box="[151,417,719,745]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Astrogymnotes oharai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2F8AB572F3725E3B3EEC5EB64259FD14" box="[424,518,719,745]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0672D41BF3725E3B3FD35E8B4117FCF7" blockId="15.[151,518,719,778]" box="[151,328,754,778]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figures 4E, F, 6</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4ED78790F3725E3B3FD35F4244AAFC1F" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0672D41BF3725E3B3FD35F4244FDFC8B" blockId="15.[151,1437,826,1966]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="34B90809F3725E3B3FD35F42411AFCAE" bold="true" box="[151,325,826,851]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<typeStatus id="D9766AB9F3725E3B3FD35F42408DFCAE" box="[151,210,827,851]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="D9766AB9F3725E3B3E085F4341EBFCAF" box="[332,436,826,850]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, in 80% ethanol, sta. 1461, reef Shelter,
<geoCoordinate id="63F9B2DCF3725E3B3CC45F4343B0FCAF" box="[896,1007,826,850]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="92" value="-20.9">20°54.0'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="63F9B2DCF3725E3B3CBF5F434425FCAF" box="[1019,1146,826,850]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="92" value="167.035">167°02.1'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="C13579FEF3725E3B3BC25F43455AFCAF" box="[1158,1285,826,850]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="110.0" valueMax="120.0" valueMin="100.0">100–120 m</quantity>
, collected by dredging, [
<collectionCode id="60DC4CDEF3725E3B3E4B5F264137FC8B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[271,360,863,886]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MNHN</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="60DC4CDEF3725E3B3E2A5F2741CCFC8B" box="[366,403,862,886]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">IE-</collectionCode>
2009-9204]; skeletal elements on SEM stubs [
<collectionCode id="60DC4CDEF3725E3B3CD05F2643B2FC8B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[916,1005,863,886]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MNHN</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="60DC4CDEF3725E3B3CB05F274446FC8B" box="[1012,1049,862,886]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">IE-</collectionCode>
2009-9205].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0672D41BF3725E3B3F835FFB44AAFC1F" blockId="15.[151,1437,826,1966]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="34B90809F3725E3B3F835FFB4188FC66" bold="true" box="[199,471,898,923]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Comparative material.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F3725E3B3E985FFA43EAFC67" authority="Baker et al., 2001" authorityName="Baker et al." authorityYear="2001" box="[476,949,898,923]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomyxidae" genus="Astrogymnotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="irimurai">
<emphasis id="34B90809F3725E3B3E985FFA42BAFC66" box="[476,741,899,923]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Astrogymnotes irimurai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="625CA9EAF3725E3B3DA85FFB43EAFC67" author="Baker" box="[748,949,898,923]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Baker, A. N., Clark, H. E. &amp; McKnight, D. G. (2001) New species of the brittlestar genus Astrogymnotes H. L. Clark, 1914, from New Zealand and Japan (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 31, 299 - 306." type="journal article" year="2001">
<collectingCountry id="7EDA948BF3725E3B3DA85FFB4370FC67" box="[748,815,898,922]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Baker</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="34B90809F3725E3B3C715FFD4333FC66" box="[821,876,899,923]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
, 2001
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<typeStatus id="D9766AB9F3725E3B3CFB5FFB447BFC67" box="[959,1060,898,922]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectingCountry id="7EDA948BF3725E3B3B6A5FFA442EFC67" box="[1070,1137,899,922]" name="Japan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Japan</collectingCountry>
, Izu Archipelago, Nii-jima
<collectingCountry id="7EDA948BF3725E3B3FD35FDF4081FC43" box="[151,222,934,958]" name="Iceland" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Island</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="C13579FEF3725E3B3FAE5FDF417AFC43" box="[234,293,934,958]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
, on
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F3725E3B3E115FDF4191FC43" box="[341,462,934,958]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="15" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Antipathes</taxonomicName>
sp. B, scuba, collector I. Soyama,
<date id="7273F2DBF3725E3B3C135FDF43AEFC43" box="[855,1009,934,958]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1997-06-25">25 June 1997</date>
, [
<collectionCode id="60DC4CDEF3725E3B3B475FDF440BFC43" box="[1027,1108,934,958]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">NSMT</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="60DC4CDEF3725E3B3B1F5FDF4428FC43" box="[1115,1143,934,958]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E-</collectionCode>
3700]; 2
<typeStatus id="D9766AB9F3725E3B3B9F5FDE4516FC42" box="[1243,1353,935,959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
,
<collectingCountry id="7EDA948BF3725E3B3A115FDE45C7FC43" box="[1365,1432,935,958]" name="Japan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Japan</collectingCountry>
, Izu-Oshima
<collectingCountry id="7EDA948BF3725E3B3E665FB34136FC1F" box="[290,361,970,994]" name="Iceland" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Island</collectingCountry>
, Akino-hama,
<quantity id="C13579FEF3725E3B3D4B5FB34215FC1F" box="[527,586,970,994]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="27.0">27 m</quantity>
, collector I. Soyama,
<date id="7273F2DBF3725E3B3C7A5FB3439AFC1F" box="[830,965,970,995]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1997-05-04">4 May 1997</date>
[
<collectionCode id="60DC4CDEF3725E3B3C965FB3447CFC1F" box="[978,1059,970,994]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">NSMT</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="60DC4CDEF3725E3B3B6E5FB3441BFC1F" box="[1066,1092,970,994]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E-</collectionCode>
3702 and 3705]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4ED78790F3725E3B3F835F9642D5FBD6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="0672D41BF3725E3B3F835F9642D5FBD6" blockId="15.[151,1437,826,1966]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="34B90809F3725E3B3F835F964111FBFA" bold="true" box="[199,334,1007,1031]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Etymology.</emphasis>
This species is named for Timothy D. O’Hara, eminent Australian ophiuroid expert, who once taught me the basics of ophiuroid taxonomy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4ED78790F3725E243F83584E427EFA0A" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0672D41BF3725E3B3F83584E4167FAFF" blockId="15.[151,1437,826,1966]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="34B90809F3725E3B3F83584E4197FBB2" bold="true" box="[199,456,1078,1103]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<typeStatus id="D9766AB9F3725E3B3F83584E416BFBB2" box="[199,308,1079,1103]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
description.
</emphasis>
Disk diameter
<quantity id="C13579FEF3725E3B3D37584F42E9FBB3" box="[627,694,1078,1102]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
, six arms, three larger and three smaller ones, indicating a fissiparous nature. Two arms broken off close to the disk, the others near their tip. Disk interradially deeply incised. Disk and arms covered with thick skin, in which scattered round, low granules are embedded, concentrated on the radial areas. Radial shields not visible, but indicated by granule-covered ridges. Scraping away the skin on one of these ridges proved the existence of bar-like long radial shields, widely separated from each other. No other scales or plates present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0672D41BF3725E3B3F83597740A3FA4B" blockId="15.[151,1437,826,1966]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Smaller granules form a dense cover on the dorsal side of the gradually tapering arms. Dorsal arm plates are obscured by skin. First arm segment under the disk spine-less, the following three bear a single spine each, which increases in length from a short stump to rod-like. From segment five there are two spines along the arm, of about equal length, longer than an arm segment, distally the ventral spine is shorter. Spines smooth, tapering towards a blunt tip.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0672D41BF3725E3B3F8159BB4546F94F" blockId="15.[151,1437,826,1966]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ventral disk covered by naked skin. Each of the fully developed jaws bears a pointed triangular apical tooth and three to four smaller, conical, lateral papillae at each edge. On the regenerating jaws the conical oral papillae form a cluster. All plates obscured by skin, including oral shields and madreporite, which are however visible when the skin is scraped off. Ventral arms likewise covered with thick skin, obscuring any plates, with small round to oval embedded granules. Ventral arm spines flat, wing-shaped on the proximal arm, rounded rectangular with indented distal edge on the distal arm. A single, semi-erect tentacle scale resembling a short arm spine or granule. Genital slits open, about 1.5 arm segments long; a strong abradial genital plate supports the outer edge.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0672D41BF3725E3B3F835AC740ABF853" blockId="15.[151,1437,826,1966]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Vertebral articulation zygospondylous with large proximal dorsal side flanges and smaller distal ones. Arm spine articulations on lateral arm plates vary in shape from round depressions with several larger holes to horseshoe shaped elevations with large hole towards the closed end. The corresponding articulation at the proximal end of the spine of curved shape with flat, denser surface and central hole. Isolated dorsal arm plate proximally wingshaped, twice as wide as long, curving inwards at about mid-length to a narrower distal part, with convex proximal and distal edges. Ventral plate about as wide as long, lateral edges straight, proximal and distal edges with deep notches.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0672D41BF36D5E243FD358FE41C8FAFC" blockId="16.[151,1437,1159,1281]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243FD358FE414DFB61" bold="true" box="[151,274,1159,1182]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
SEM images of skeletal details of the distal arm of
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F36D5E243C5858F143A5FB60" box="[796,1018,1159,1181]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomyxidae" genus="Astrogymnotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oharai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243C5858F143A5FB60" box="[796,1018,1159,1181]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Astrogymnotes oharai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243B4558F04416FB61" bold="true" box="[1025,1097,1161,1180]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2F8AB572F36D5E243B4558F04416FB61" box="[1025,1097,1161,1180]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<typeStatus id="D9766AB9F36D5E243B1258FE44F1FB60" box="[1110,1198,1159,1181]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="60DC4CDEF36D5E243BF058F1455EFB60" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1204,1281,1160,1181]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">MNHN</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="60DC4CDEF36D5E243A4C58FE4576FB60" box="[1288,1321,1159,1181]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">IE-</collectionCode>
2009-9205. A, vertebra, distal face; B, vertebra, proximal face; C, vertebra, lateral aspect; D, lateral arm plate, external, note the weakly developed spine articulations; E, lateral arm plate internal aspect; F, arm spine, articulation; G, dorsal arm plate; H, ventral arm plate. Scale bars
<quantity id="C13579FEF36D5E243E06589541CCFAFC" box="[322,403,1260,1281]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0672D41BF36D5E243F83595242CDFA52" blockId="16.[151,1436,1323,2031]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Colouration of dorsal disk golden brown with darker irregular patches, white granules. Arms uniformly darker brown, in some radii a broad dark median line continues onto the arms. Ventral disk with large dark spots, arms and jaws light golden brown with small white spots that correspond to the granules; an interrupted darker brown median line or series of spots along the arms.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0672D41BF36D5E243F8359C2427EFA0A" blockId="16.[151,1436,1323,2031]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">This animal was collected without its host, but there is no reason to assume that it was not associated with black coral like all its conspecifics.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4ED78790F36D5E253F835A7D42C5FEE1" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="0672D41BF36D5E253F835A7D42C5FEE1" blockId="16.[151,1436,1323,2031]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,151,572]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243F835A7D4164F9E1" bold="true" box="[199,315,1540,1564]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Remarks.</emphasis>
The arm spine articulation of
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243DD45A7A4369F9E6" box="[656,822,1539,1563]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Astrogmynotes</emphasis>
has not been shown yet and the articulations found on the new species differ from those of
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F36D5E243D7C5A5E42E6F9C2" box="[568,697,1575,1599]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomyxidae" genus="Ophiomyxa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243D7C5A5E42E6F9C2" box="[568,697,1575,1599]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ophiomyxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F36D5E243DB65A5E4416F9C2" authority="(Martynov 2010b)" baseAuthorityName="Martynov" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[754,1097,1575,1599]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomyxidae" genus="Ophiolycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243DB65A5E432DF9C2" box="[754,882,1575,1599]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ophiolycus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="625CA9EAF36D5E243CC55A5E441EF9C2" author="Martynov" box="[897,1089,1575,1599]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Martynov, A. (2010 b) Reassessment of the classification of the Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata), based on morphological characters. I. General character evaluation and delineation of the families Ophiomyxidae and Ophiacanthidae. Zootaxa, 2697, 1 - 154." type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="b">Martynov 2010b</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
in being less pronounced and having a more porous stereom. It may still be a variation of the articulation typical for
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F36D5E243B2B5A324547F99E" box="[1135,1304,1611,1635]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomyxidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ophiomyxidae</taxonomicName>
, but further study is needed. The genus
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F36D5E243E8E5A16422FF97A" box="[458,624,1647,1671]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomyxidae" genus="Astrogymnotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243E8E5A16422FF97A" box="[458,624,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Astrogymnotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
formerly included four species, the pentamerous
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F36D5E243BDC5A1640A5F956" authority="Baker et al., 2001" authorityName="Baker et al." authorityYear="2001" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomyxidae" genus="Astrogymnotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="thomasinae">
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243BDC5A1644F6F97A" box="[1176,1193,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243BF25A164568F97A" box="[1206,1335,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">thomasinae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="625CA9EAF36D5E243A7A5A1640A5F956" author="Baker" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Baker, A. N., Clark, H. E. &amp; McKnight, D. G. (2001) New species of the brittlestar genus Astrogymnotes H. L. Clark, 1914, from New Zealand and Japan (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 31, 299 - 306." type="journal article" year="2001">
<collectingCountry id="7EDA948BF36D5E243A7A5A1645DEF97A" box="[1342,1409,1647,1671]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Baker</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243ACC5A0940EBF956" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
, 2001
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F36D5E243E745AEA42D8F956" authority="Baker et al., 2001" authorityName="Baker et al." authorityYear="2001" box="[304,647,1683,1707]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomyxidae" genus="Astrogymnotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hamishia">
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243E745AEA411EF956" box="[304,321,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243E0B5AEA41E9F956" box="[335,438,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">hamishia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="625CA9EAF36D5E243EF85AEA42D8F956" author="Baker" box="[444,647,1683,1707]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Baker, A. N., Clark, H. E. &amp; McKnight, D. G. (2001) New species of the brittlestar genus Astrogymnotes H. L. Clark, 1914, from New Zealand and Japan (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 31, 299 - 306." type="journal article" year="2001">
<collectingCountry id="7EDA948BF36D5E243EF85AEA41A0F956" box="[444,511,1683,1707]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Baker</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243D425AED4261F956" box="[518,574,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
, 2001
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and two hexamerous ones,
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F36D5E243C855AEA4553F956" authority="Baker et al., 2001" authorityName="Baker et al." authorityYear="2001" box="[961,1292,1683,1707]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomyxidae" genus="Astrogymnotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="irimurai">
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243C855AEA438DF956" box="[961,978,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243CA45AED4461F956" box="[992,1086,1684,1707]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">irimurai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="625CA9EAF36D5E243B015AEA4553F956" author="Baker" box="[1093,1292,1683,1707]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Baker, A. N., Clark, H. E. &amp; McKnight, D. G. (2001) New species of the brittlestar genus Astrogymnotes H. L. Clark, 1914, from New Zealand and Japan (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 31, 299 - 306." type="journal article" year="2001">
<collectingCountry id="7EDA948BF36D5E243B015AEA44D7F956" box="[1093,1160,1683,1707]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Baker</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243BCA5AED4498F956" box="[1166,1223,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
, 2001
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and the
<typeStatus id="D9766AB9F36D5E243A285AED45C3F951" box="[1388,1436,1684,1708]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F36D5E243FB55ACE4365F932" authority="H. L. Clark, 1914 (Baker et al. 2001)" authorityName="H. L. Clark, 1914 (Baker et al." authorityYear="2001" box="[241,826,1719,1743]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomyxidae" genus="Astrogymnotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="catasticta">
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243FB55ACE415DF932" box="[241,258,1719,1743]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243E565AC14120F932" box="[274,383,1720,1743]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">catasticta</emphasis>
H. L. Clark, 1914 (
<bibRefCitation id="625CA9EAF36D5E243D215ACE436EF932" author="Baker" box="[613,817,1719,1743]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Baker, A. N., Clark, H. E. &amp; McKnight, D. G. (2001) New species of the brittlestar genus Astrogymnotes H. L. Clark, 1914, from New Zealand and Japan (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 31, 299 - 306." type="journal article" year="2001">
<collectingCountry id="7EDA948BF36D5E243D215ACE42F5F932" box="[613,682,1719,1743]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Baker</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243DF65AC142B2F932" box="[690,749,1719,1743]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The colour pattern of the new species resembles the
<typeStatus id="D9766AB9F36D5E243FD35AA240A6F90E" box="[151,249,1755,1779]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F36D5E243E5A5AA241C5F90E" box="[286,410,1755,1779]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomyxidae" genus="Astrogymnotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="irimurai">
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243E5A5AA24170F90E" box="[286,303,1755,1779]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243E795AA541C5F90E" box="[317,410,1756,1779]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">irimurai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from which it differs by its smaller and more sparsely distributed granules, and the longer, thinner and smooth arm spines that don’t turn into hooks. A
<typeStatus id="D9766AB9F36D5E243C7A5B7943C0F8E5" box="[830,927,1792,1816]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F36D5E243C805A86441EF8EA" box="[964,1089,1791,1815]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomyxidae" genus="Astrogymnotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="irimurai">
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243C805A86438AF8EA" box="[964,981,1791,1815]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243CA05B79441EF8EA" box="[996,1089,1792,1815]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">irimurai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showed a darker, almost black colour with larger white patches than the
<typeStatus id="D9766AB9F36D5E243D305B5A4289F8C6" box="[628,726,1827,1851]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and differed even more from
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F36D5E243B755B5A44C3F8C6" box="[1073,1180,1827,1851]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomyxidae" genus="Astrogymnotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oharai">
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243B755B5A441DF8C6" box="[1073,1090,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243B165B5A44C3F8C6" box="[1106,1180,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">oharai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In that specimen, the madreporites or oral shields were obscured, whereas they are obvious, covered only with thin skin and white in colour in the
<typeStatus id="D9766AB9F36D5E243E775B1241C7F87E" box="[307,408,1899,1923]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Another
<typeStatus id="D9766AB9F36D5E243D4E5B154235F879" box="[522,618,1900,1924]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
had three small, obviously regenerating, arms and three large ones, an indication of the fissiparous nature of the species.
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F36D5E243D805BF643E5F85A" box="[708,954,1935,1959]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomyxidae" genus="Astrogymnotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oharai">
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243D805BF643E5F85A" box="[708,954,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Astrogymnotes oharai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F36D5E243B085BF64487F85A" box="[1100,1240,1935,1959]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomyxidae" genus="Astrogymnotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="catasticta">
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243B085BF64402F85A" box="[1100,1117,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243B2F5BE94487F85A" box="[1131,1240,1936,1959]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">catasticta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the colour pattern and length of arm spines. The intraspecific variation of
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F36D5E243C025BCA43EEF836" box="[838,945,1971,1995]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomyxidae" genus="Astrogymnotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oharai">
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243C025BCA4308F836" box="[838,855,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243C225BCA43EEF836" box="[870,945,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">oharai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not known since only a single specimen was found, but it is probably fissiparous and somewhat variable in colouration. The largest species is
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F36D5E243A4D5BAE45CAF812" box="[1289,1429,2007,2031]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomyxidae" genus="Astrogymnotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="catasticta">
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243A4D5BAE4545F812" box="[1289,1306,2007,2031]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="34B90809F36D5E243A6C5BA145CAF812" box="[1320,1429,2008,2031]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">catasticta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which reaches a disk diameter of
<quantity id="C13579FEF36C5E253D575CEE4208FF52" box="[531,599,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
, but
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F36C5E253DCB5CE1436FFF4D" box="[655,816,152,176]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomyxidae" genus="Astrogymnotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="thomasinae">
<emphasis id="34B90809F36C5E253DCB5CE142FFFF4D" box="[655,672,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="34B90809F36C5E253DEB5CE1436FFF4D" box="[687,816,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">thomasinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a
<typeStatus id="D9766AB9F36C5E253CC25CEE43B7FF52" box="[902,1000,151,175]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<quantity id="C13579FEF36C5E253B4B5CE1440FFF52" box="[1039,1104,152,175]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
may possibly reach a similar size, while the remaining species have only been found at sizes of about
<quantity id="C13579FEF36C5E253C965CC5446FFF29" box="[978,1072,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
dd. Unusual among ophiuroids, the ventral side is often more brightly coloured in these species, and they orientate themselves with the ventral side outwards, dorsal side towards their coral host.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4ED78790F36C5E253F835D5E4264FDC1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="0672D41BF36C5E253F835D5E4264FDC1" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,572]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="34B90809F36C5E253F835D5E413FFEBD" bold="true" box="[199,352,295,320]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution.</emphasis>
The depth distribution of the species of
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F36C5E253C6F5D51438FFEBD" box="[811,976,296,320]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomyxidae" genus="Astrogymnotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34B90809F36C5E253C6F5D51438FFEBD" box="[811,976,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Astrogymnotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is probably dependent upon that of their hosts, the black coral
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F36C5E253ECD5D35425EFE99" box="[393,513,332,356]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34B90809F36C5E253ECD5D35425EFE99" box="[393,513,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Antipathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., and varies greatly, with
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F36C5E253C0A5D354395FE99" box="[846,970,332,356]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomyxidae" genus="Astrogymnotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="irimurai">
<emphasis id="34B90809F36C5E253C0A5D354395FE99" box="[846,970,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. irimurai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurring at the shallowest depth at
<quantity id="C13579FEF36C5E253A275D3545C3FE99" box="[1379,1436,332,356]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F36C5E253F825D094113FE75" box="[198,332,368,392]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomyxidae" genus="Astrogymnotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hamishia">
<emphasis id="34B90809F36C5E253F825D094088FE75" box="[198,215,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="34B90809F36C5E253FA15D094113FE75" box="[229,332,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">hamishia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at
<quantity id="C13579FEF36C5E253E2A5D16419CFE7A" box="[366,451,367,391]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.225" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1225.0">1225 m</quantity>
at the greatest depth. The new species was found at medium depth of
<quantity id="C13579FEF36C5E253B915D164509FE7A" box="[1237,1366,367,391]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="110.0" valueMax="120.0" valueMin="100.0">100–120 m</quantity>
, similar to
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F36C5E253F9F5DED4137FE51" box="[219,360,404,428]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomyxidae" genus="Astrogymnotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="catasticta">
<emphasis id="34B90809F36C5E253F9F5DED40B3FE51" box="[219,236,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="34B90809F36C5E253FBF5DEC4137FE51" box="[251,360,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">catasticta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has been found at
<quantity id="C13579FEF36C5E253DD15DED4357FE51" box="[661,776,404,428]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="2.05" metricValueMin="0.55" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="130.0" valueMax="205.0" valueMin="55.0">55–205 m</quantity>
depth (Liao &amp; Clark 1995). So far, the widest geographic distribution has been documented for
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F36C5E253D7B5DC14294FE2D" box="[575,715,440,464]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomyxidae" genus="Astrogymnotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="catasticta">
<emphasis id="34B90809F36C5E253D7B5DC1420FFE2D" box="[575,592,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="34B90809F36C5E253D1A5DC04294FE2D" box="[606,715,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">catasticta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, found off Western
<collectingCountry id="7EDA948BF36C5E253CEF5DCE444DFE32" box="[939,1042,439,463]" name="Australia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<typeStatus id="D9766AB9F36C5E253B655DCE440CFE32" box="[1057,1107,439,463]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
locality), the
<collectingCountry id="7EDA948BF36C5E253BAA5DCE4533FE32" box="[1262,1388,439,463]" name="Philippines" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Philippines</collectingCountry>
and Southern
<collectingCountry id="7EDA948BF36C5E253E435DA54115FE09" box="[263,330,476,500]" name="China" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="625CA9EAF36C5E253E185DA541BEFE09" author="Clark" box="[348,481,476,500]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Clark, H. L. (1911) North Pacific Ophiurans in the collection of the United States National Museum. Smithsonian Institution United States National Museum Bulletin, 75, 1 - 302." type="journal article" year="1911">Clark 1911</bibRefCitation>
; Liao &amp; Clark 1995).
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F36C5E253DA85DA543A5FE09" box="[748,1018,476,500]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomyxidae" genus="Astrogymnotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="irimurai">
<emphasis id="34B90809F36C5E253DA85DA543A5FE09" box="[748,1018,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Astrogymnotes irimurai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only been found in
<collectingCountry id="7EDA948BF36C5E253A5B5DA4453CFE09" box="[1311,1379,477,500]" name="Japan" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Japan</collectingCountry>
. The remaining two species were described from Kermadec Islands;
<taxonomicName id="C1CDAF98F36C5E253C1B5E7943BAFDE5" box="[863,997,512,536]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomyxidae" genus="Astrogymnotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hamishia">
<emphasis id="34B90809F36C5E253C1B5E79432FFDE5" box="[863,880,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="34B90809F36C5E253C3A5E7943BAFDE5" box="[894,997,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">hamishia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has also been found in
<collectingCountry id="7EDA948BF36C5E253BAA5E7945C3FDEA" box="[1262,1436,511,535]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
(O'Hara &amp; Stöhr, unpublished result).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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