treatments-xml/data/87/06/BE/8706BE21FFBBFF9A1DC8F885FB1DA13A.xml
2024-06-21 12:42:47 +02:00

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<mods:title id="A537B6352786267CD9098BA1350A975A">Re-definition and review of the Oriental genus Hexachaetus Chaudoir, 1871 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Orthogoniini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="119897C4AF2C49249DBC22601B7E5487">Tian, Mingyi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="7D743FF517A489EA74A3FB0AFFB8F715">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="8706BE21FFBBFF9A1DC8F885FB1DA13A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6075808" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124552508" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6075808" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8706BE21FFBBFF9A1DC8F885FB1DA13A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8706BE21FFBBFF9A1DC8F885FB1DA13A" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="542" pageId="1" pageNumber="541">
<subSubSection id="47B55CBCFFBBFF991DC8F885FD7DA2CE" pageId="1" pageNumber="541" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0F100F37FFBBFF991DC8F885FDA3A261" blockId="1.[151,595,1805,1831]" box="[151,595,1805,1831]" pageId="1" pageNumber="541">
<heading id="5458B85BFFBBFF991DC8F885FDA3A261" bold="true" box="[151,595,1805,1831]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="541" reason="1">
<emphasis id="3DDBD325FFBBFF991DC8F885FDA3A261" bold="true" box="[151,595,1805,1831]" pageId="1" pageNumber="541">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="C8AF74B4FFBBFF991DB1F885FDA3A261" ID-CoL="8KX7Z" authority="Chaudoir, 1871" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1871" box="[238,595,1805,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Hexachaetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="541" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3DDBD325FFBBFF991DB1F885FE7CA261" bold="true" box="[238,396,1805,1831]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="541">Hexachaetus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6B3E72C6FFBBFF991CCCF885FDA3A261" author="Chaudoir" box="[403,595,1805,1831]" pageId="1" pageNumber="541" refString="Chaudoir, M. de (1871) Essai Monographique sur les Orthogoniens. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de Belgique, 14, 95 - 130." type="journal article" year="1871">Chaudoir, 1871</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0F100F37FFBBFF991DC8F8DCFD7DA2CE" blockId="1.[151,982,1876,1928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="541">
<bibRefCitation id="6B3E72C6FFBBFF991DC8F8DCFEC7A22C" author="Chaudoir" box="[151,311,1876,1898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="541" refString="Chaudoir, M. de (1871) Essai Monographique sur les Orthogoniens. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de Belgique, 14, 95 - 130." type="journal article" year="1871">Chaudoir, 1871</bibRefCitation>
: 98;
<bibRefCitation id="6B3E72C6FFBBFF991C38F8DCFDE0A22C" author="Andrewes" box="[359,528,1876,1898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="541" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1930) C - atalogue of Indian Insects, 18: Carabidae. Government of India Central Publication Branch, Calcutta, 389 pp." type="book" year="1930">Andrewes, 1930</bibRefCitation>
: 179;
<bibRefCitation id="6B3E72C6FFBBFF991F11F8DCFD36A22C" author="Csiki" box="[590,710,1876,1898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="541" refString="Csiki, E. (1932) Coleopterorum Catalogus: Carabidae III: Harpalinae VII, pars 124. Junk, W., Berlin, pp. 1279 - 1598." type="journal article" year="1932">Csiki, 1932</bibRefCitation>
: 1592;
<bibRefCitation id="6B3E72C6FFBBFF991E4FF8DCFC56A22C" author="Jedlicka" box="[784,934,1876,1898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="541" refString="Jedlicka, A. (1963) Monographie der Truncatipennen aus Ostasien: Lebiinae, Odacanthinae, Brachyninae (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Entomologische Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem staatlichen Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden, 28, 269 - 578." type="journal article" year="1963">Jedlička, 1963</bibRefCitation>
:
<specimenCount id="19A9C4BEFFBBFF991EEFF8DCFF39A2CE" pageId="1" pageNumber="541" type="generic" typeStatus="Type">523 Type</specimenCount>
species:
<taxonomicName id="C8AF74B4FFBBFF991C79F8FAFD7DA2CE" authority="Guerin, 1843" authorityName="Guerin" authorityYear="1843" box="[294,653,1906,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Orthogonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="541" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis id="3DDBD325FFBBFF991C79F8FAFDF1A2CE" box="[294,513,1906,1928]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="541">Orthogonius lateralis</emphasis>
Guérin, 1843
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="47B55CBCFFBBFF9A1DC8F83DFDA0A61B" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="542" pageId="1" pageNumber="541" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="0F100F37FFBBFF9A1DC8F83DFB57A7B6" blockId="1.[151,1436,1973,2034]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,1149]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="542" pageId="1" pageNumber="541">
<emphasis id="3DDBD325FFBBFF991DC8F83DFEE1A288" bold="true" box="[151,273,1973,1998]" pageId="1" pageNumber="541">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Combination of following characteristics are identical for members of the genus
<taxonomicName id="C8AF74B4FFBBFF9919F2F83DFACDA28B" box="[1197,1341,1973,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Hexachaetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="541" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3DDBD325FFBBFF9919F2F83DFACDA28B" box="[1197,1341,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="541">Hexachaetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: middle to large sized, glabrous and smooth, impunctate, yellowish to brown in most species; eyes very large and prominent, labrum emarginated, arcuate, or straight at front, clypeus bisetose in most species (but 6-setose in
<taxonomicName id="C8AF74B4FFB8FF9A18DEFF11FED8A592" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Hexachaetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vietnamensis">
<emphasis id="3DDBD325FFB8FF9A18DEFF11FED8A592" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">H. vietnamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C8AF74B4FFB8FF9A1C00FF35FE15A592" box="[351,485,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Hexachaetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prodigus">
<emphasis id="3DDBD325FFB8FF9A1C00FF35FE15A592" box="[351,485,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">H. prodigus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); ligula distinctly dilated, 4- or 6-setose at apex in most of species (but 12-setose in
<taxonomicName id="C8AF74B4FFB8FF9A1DC8FF69FEBAA5B1" box="[151,330,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Hexachaetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vietnamensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3DDBD325FFB8FF9A1DC8FF69FEBAA5B1" box="[151,330,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">H. vietnamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="26E86E5EFFB8FF9A1C0EFF57FE60A5BE" box="[337,400,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="542" rank="species">
<emphasis id="3DDBD325FFB8FF9A1C0EFF57FE60A5BE" bold="true" box="[337,400,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
); palps normal for most species (but stout in
<taxonomicName id="C8AF74B4FFB8FF9A1ED2FF69FBCFA5B1" box="[909,1087,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Hexachaetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vietnamensis">
<emphasis id="3DDBD325FFB8FF9A1ED2FF69FBCFA5B1" box="[909,1087,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">H. vietnamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); mentum edentate, bisetose at base, submentum bisetose, palpiger asetose; antennae moderate or long, extending over shoulders or at middle of elytra; pronotum strongly transverse in most species (moderately transverse or quadrate in others), fore angle always broadly rounded, hind angles obtuse, broadly round off in most species, or somewhat angular in others; elytral elongate-ovate, with base completely bordered, parallel-sided, odd and even intervals subequal in width; striae deep or shallow, punctate-striate, elytra with or without well-shaped black marking, apex of elytra obliquely truncated, making outer angles distinct or not, inner angle sharply pointed and denticulate in most species; interval 3 with only anterior and posterior setiferous pores, the median one always wanted, interval 7 simple; legs moderate or rather slender, middle and hind coxae asetose in median portion, femora quite slender, hind femora with two setae posteriorly; fore tibia slender, enlarged at apex, outer angles obtuse, rectangular or not, outer margin more or less serrated, middle tibiae inflated or not in male; hind tibiae slender, hardly dilated at apex, with apical tibial spurs long and sharp in most species (stout and broadly sword-like in
<taxonomicName id="C8AF74B4FFB8FF9A1EF5FDE5FBAEA7C2" box="[938,1118,621,644]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Hexachaetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vietnamensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3DDBD325FFB8FF9A1EF5FDE5FBAEA7C2" box="[938,1118,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">H. vietnamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="26E86E5EFFB8FF9A193AFDE4FB55A7C3" box="[1125,1189,620,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="542" rank="species">
<emphasis id="3DDBD325FFB8FF9A193AFDE4FB55A7C3" bold="true" box="[1125,1189,620,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="C8AF74B4FFB8FF9A1983FDE5FAB5A7C2" box="[1244,1349,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Hexachaetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mulan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3DDBD325FFB8FF9A1983FDE5FAB5A7C2" box="[1244,1349,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">H. mulan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="26E86E5EFFB8FF9A1813FDE4FA7BA7C3" box="[1356,1419,620,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="542" rank="species">
<emphasis id="3DDBD325FFB8FF9A1813FDE4FA7BA7C3" bold="true" box="[1356,1419,620,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
), tarsomere 4 deeply emarginated and bilobed; all tarsal claws pectinate; prosternal process unbordered at apex; abdominal ventrite VII deeply emarginated medially at apical margin in male; male genitalia short and stout, various shaped, the apical lamella very short and broad, parameres normal for orthogoniines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0F100F37FFB8FF9A1D98FD74FDA0A61B" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">
<emphasis id="3DDBD325FFB8FF9A1D98FD74FE49A653" bold="true" box="[199,441,764,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
In male, protarsomeres 1-3 bearing two rows of spongy setae ventrally, middle tibiae distinctly inflated in most species, the abdominal ventrite VII narrowly but deeply emarginated at apical margin, and aedeagus are more or less exposed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="47B55CBCFFB8FF9A1D98FCEFFB1DA13A" pageId="2" pageNumber="542" type="description">
<paragraph id="0F100F37FFB8FF9A1D98FCEFFE7EA6E2" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">
<materialsCitation id="BFC7056AFFB8FF9A1D98FCEFFE7EA6E2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1313880540" country="India, Sri Lanka, Nepal" location="Oriental Region" pageId="2" pageNumber="542" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="3DDBD325FFB8FF9A1D98FCEFFE71A6C6" bold="true" box="[199,385,871,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">Generic range.</emphasis>
<location id="0A7059ECFFB8FF9A1CCFFCEFFDBCA6C6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8706BE21FFBBFF9A1DC8F885FB1DA13A:0A7059ECFFB8FF9A1CCFFCEFFDBCA6C6" box="[400,588,871,896]" country="India, Sri Lanka, Nepal" name="Oriental Region" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">Oriental Region</location>
(still not recorded from
<collectingCountry id="77B84FA7FFB8FF9A1ED6FCEFFB5CA6C6" box="[905,1196,871,896]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">India, Sri Lanka, Nepal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="77B84FA7FFB8FF9A19E0FCEFFAC2A6C6" box="[1215,1330,871,896]" name="Cambodia" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="77B84FA7FFB8FF9A1DC8FC04FEE7A6E3" box="[151,279,908,933]" name="Philippines" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">Philippines</collectingCountry>
) (
<figureCitation id="979413B2FFB8FF9A1C72FC04FE72A6E2" box="[301,386,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1789,1811]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,198,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[223,1363,195,1768]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 20. Distribution of Hexachaetus species (square: angulatus species group; round: lateralis species group; star: laevissimus species group; heart: vietnamensis species group; triangle: mulan species group; a. H. lateralis lateralis; b. H. lateralis maindroni; c. H. maculatus; d. H. kirschenhoferi n. sp.; e. H. brunki n. sp.; f. H. laevissimus; g. H. vietnamensis n. sp.; h. H. prodigus; i. H. mulan n. sp.)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258032/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0F100F37FFB8FF9A1D98FC27FC36A6AB" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">
<emphasis id="3DDBD325FFB8FF9A1D98FC27FE0DA68E" bold="true" box="[199,509,943,968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">Biological characteristics.</emphasis>
There is still unknown the life cycle and biological characters of
<taxonomicName id="C8AF74B4FFB8FF9A1854FC38FA6CA68E" box="[1291,1436,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Hexachaetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3DDBD325FFB8FF9A1854FC38FA6CA68E" box="[1291,1436,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">Hexachaetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. Probably like
<taxonomicName id="C8AF74B4FFB8FF9A1CCCFC5CFDD0A6AA" box="[403,544,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Orthogonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3DDBD325FFB8FF9A1CCCFC5CFDD0A6AA" box="[403,544,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">Orthogonius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, they are also termitophilous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0F100F37FFB8FF9A1D98FC7FFB1DA13A" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">
Members of
<taxonomicName id="C8AF74B4FFB8FF9A1C03FC70FE1DA156" box="[348,493,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Hexachaetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3DDBD325FFB8FF9A1C03FC70FE1DA156" box="[348,493,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">Hexachaetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be provisionally divided into six species groups, viz.
<taxonomicName id="C8AF74B4FFB8FF9A19CDFC70FB1FA156" box="[1170,1263,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Orthogonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis id="3DDBD325FFB8FF9A19CDFC70FB1FA156" box="[1170,1263,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">lateralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group,
<taxonomicName id="C8AF74B4FFB8FF9A1DC8FB94FEE8A172" box="[151,280,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Hexachaetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevissimus">
<emphasis id="3DDBD325FFB8FF9A1DC8FB94FEE8A172" box="[151,280,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">laevissimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group,
<taxonomicName id="C8AF74B4FFB8FF9A1C9AFB95FDA5A172" box="[453,597,1053,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Hexachaetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vietnamensis">
<emphasis id="3DDBD325FFB8FF9A1C9AFB95FDA5A172" box="[453,597,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">vietnamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group,
<taxonomicName id="C8AF74B4FFB8FF9A1E5CFB94FC96A172" box="[771,870,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Hexachaetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prodigus">
<emphasis id="3DDBD325FFB8FF9A1E5CFB94FC96A172" box="[771,870,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">prodigus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group,
<taxonomicName id="C8AF74B4FFB8FF9A194DFB94FBA8A172" box="[1042,1112,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Hexachaetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mulan">
<emphasis id="3DDBD325FFB8FF9A194DFB94FBA8A172" box="[1042,1112,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">mulan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group and
<taxonomicName id="C8AF74B4FFB8FF9A1872FB94FA6BA172" box="[1325,1435,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Orthogonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angulatus">
<emphasis id="3DDBD325FFB8FF9A1872FB94FA6BA172" box="[1325,1435,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">angulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group. The former five species groups are dealt with in the present paper. The
<taxonomicName id="C8AF74B4FFB8FF9A190BFBC8FB32A11E" box="[1108,1218,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Orthogonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angulatus">
<emphasis id="3DDBD325FFB8FF9A190BFBC8FB32A11E" box="[1108,1218,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="542">angulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group is composed of more than ten species for which still remains some confusion and will be treated in a later paper.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>