235 lines
27 KiB
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235 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.93.1167" ID-GBIF-Dataset="704a30f8-6065-4db2-828f-822d9cfa3082" ID-PMC="PMC3095181" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-93-9" ID-PubMed="21594077" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-93-9" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 93" ModsDocTitle="The millipede family Polydesmidae in Taiwan, with descriptions of five new species (Polydesmida, Diplopoda)" checkinTime="1451250468082" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Golovatch, Sergei I., Mikhaljova, Elena V. & Chang, Hsueh-Wen" docDate="2011" docId="3E7D32C0789809921714515F90355BAC" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 93: 9-42" docOrigin="ZooKeys 93" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.93.1167" docTitle="Nipponesmus minor Golovatch, Mikhaljova & Chang, 2011, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FFB1F12DFFDDFFEAFFF43B31FFF6B946" masterDocTitle="The millipede family Polydesmidae in Taiwan, with descriptions of five new species (Polydesmida, Diplopoda)" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="9" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1668168924641" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The millipede family Polydesmidae in Taiwan, with descriptions of five new species (Polydesmida, Diplopoda)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Golovatch, Sergei I.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mikhaljova, Elena V.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chang, Hsueh-Wen</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>93</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>9</mods:start>
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<mods:end>42</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.93.1167</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.93.1167</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-93-9</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159364983" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:225E19E9-CF6B-46A1-A16F-7EFAD3A91A58" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E7D32C0789809921714515F90355BAC" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:225E19E9-CF6B-46A1-A16F-7EFAD3A91A58" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Nipponesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nipponesmus minor" order="Polydesmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">Nipponesmus minor</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="12">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1423
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Type material:</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Holotype ♂ (TFRI), Taiwan, Ilan County, Tatong Township, near Lakes Jialuohu, ca 2,250 m, 27.04.2003, leg. Y.M. Chen. Paratypes: 3 ♂, 1 ♀ (TFRI), same locality, 14.03.2003; 12 ♂, 8 ♀, 1 fragm. (TFRI), same locality, 28.04.2003; 1 ♂ (TFRI), same locality, 27.04.2003; 2 ♂ (ZMUM), 1 ♂ (IBSS), 2 ♂ (NSYSU), same locality, 25.12.2002; 1 ♂ (ZMUC), 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (TFRI), same locality, 7.11.2001; 1 ♂, 1 ♂ fragm. (TFRI), same locality, 4.06.2003, all leg. Y.M. Chen; 1 ♂ (ZMUM), same locality, 24.10.2002, leg. J.T. Chao; 1 ♂ (TFRI), Taichung County, Shengguang, 24.09.2002; 1 ♂ (TFRI), same locality, 24.01.2003; 1 ♀ (TFRI), same locality, 26.03.2003; 1 ♂ (MNHN JC 332), same locality, 24.01.2003; 1 ♂ (TFRI), same locality, 24.09.2002, all leg. W.C. Yeh; 1 ♂ (NMNS-6556-001), Nantou County, Ren-ai Township, Mei-Feng, 19.02.2002; 1 ♂ (NMNS-6556-002), same locality, 11.07.2002; 4 ♂ (NMNS-6556-003), same locality, 15.04.2002, all leg. S.H. Wu.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="name">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Name:</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="12">To emphasize the smaller body size and the shorter gonopod telopodite.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis:</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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Differs from
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Nipponesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nipponesmus shirinensis" order="Polydesmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shirinensis">Nipponesmus shirinensis</taxonomicName>
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, the only other congener known from Taiwan, in the smaller size, as well as in the collum being narrower than the head and in the gonopod telopodite being stouter and shorter (see also Key below).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Description:</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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Length of both sexes ca 12-16 mm; width of pro- and metazona varying between specimens from 0.8-1.3 to 1.5-2.0 mm, respectively. Holotype ca 12 mm long, and 0.8 and 1.5 mm wide on pro- and metazona, respectively. Usually ♂♂
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="13" start="start">somewhat</pageBreakToken>
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smaller than ♀♀. Coloration in alcohol from uniformly pallid (faded?) to yellowish to reddish-brown; in the latter case, sides, venter and legs light grey-brown (Figs 14-19).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="13">
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All characters as in
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Nipponesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nipponesmus shirinensis" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shirinensis">Nipponesmus shirinensis</taxonomicName>
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, except as follows.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="13">Antennae a little shorter, usually reaching midway of segment 3. In width, collum <head <segment 2 <3 <4 <5=15(16), thereafter body gradually tapering towards telson. Starting from segment 16 (♂, ♀), paraterga extending increasingly beyond rear tergal contour, caudal corners invariably evidently rounded, but even on paraterga 17-19 not spiniform (Figs 15, 18). Paraterga less evidently rounded laterally even in ♀, lateral edges mostly subparallel in ♂ (Figs 15, 18), incisions being visible. Metatergal sculpture typical, rather superficial, with three transverse rows of setiferous, polygonal bosses (Figs 15, 18). Tergal setae very short, usually retained at least on collum and/or metatergum 19 (Figs 15, 16, 18).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="13">Gonopod telopodite (Figs 20-23) much stouter; endomere (en) slightly longer than exomere (ex), beset with long, bacilliform setae nearly throughout, usually supplied with an evident spine (s) or tooth mesally, as well as a usually somewhat less prominent pulvillus near base; ex often not so strongly unciform apically, often with an additional lateral tooth in distal part.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="13">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="13">
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Figures 14-19.
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Nipponesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nipponesmus minor" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">Nipponesmus minor</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., ♂ paratype from Jialuohu. 14 habitus, lateral view 15-17 anterior portion of body, dorsal, lateral and ventral views, respectively 18, 19 posterior portion of body, dorsal and ventral views, respectively. Photographed not to scale.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="13">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="13">
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Figures 20-23. Left gonopods of
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Nipponesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nipponesmus minor" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">Nipponesmus minor</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., ♂ paratypes from Mei-Feng (20, 21) and Jialuohu (22, 23), mesal, lateral, mesal and lateral views, respectively. Scale bar: 0.2 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="13">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="13">
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This species is not so widely distributed in Taiwan. Allopatry is prevailing, as it is only at Mei-Feng that both the congeners co-occur (Map 1). However,
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Nipponesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nipponesmus minor" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">Nipponesmus minor</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. quite often lives even syntopically together with
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Epanerchodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epanerchodus orientalis" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">Epanerchodus orientalis</taxonomicName>
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(see below).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="13">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="13">
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Map 1. Distribution of
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Nipponesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nipponesmus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nipponesmus</taxonomicName>
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species in Taiwan. Borderlines show borders between the counties.
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Nipponesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nipponesmus minor" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">Nipponesmus minor</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.: filled red triangles;
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Nipponesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nipponesmus shirinensis" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shirinensis">Nipponesmus shirinensis</taxonomicName>
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: filled black circles.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="13">
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A study of the ample material representing not only the type species
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Nipponesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nipponesmus shirinensis" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shirinensis">Nipponesmus shirinensis</taxonomicName>
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, but also the above new congener from Taiwan allows for the identity of
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Nipponesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nipponesmus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nipponesmus</taxonomicName>
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Chamberlin & Wang, 1953 to finally become clarified.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="13">
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This genus has hitherto remained enigmatic, originally described too poorly (
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<bibRefCitation author="Chamberlin, RV" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="19" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 13" title="Records of millipeds (Diplopoda) from Japan and other oriental areas, with descriptions of new genera and species." volume="1621" year="1953">Chamberlin and Wang 1953</bibRefCitation>
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) to shed any significant light on its affinities. It was only based on the gonopod conformation of the beautifully described
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Nipponesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nipponesmus tangonis" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tangonis">Nipponesmus tangonis</taxonomicName>
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(Murakami, 1973), a species from Honshu, Japan definitely most similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Nipponesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nipponesmus shirinensis" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shirinensis">Nipponesmus shirinensis</taxonomicName>
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, that
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<bibRefCitation author="Golovatch, SI" journalOrPublisher="Steenstrupia" pageId="19" pageNumber="28" pagination="141 - 159" title="The millipede family Polydesmidae in Southeast Asia, with notes on phylogeny." volume="17" year="1991">Golovatch (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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suggested the relationships of
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Nipponesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nipponesmus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nipponesmus</taxonomicName>
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as a genus possibly somewhat intermediate between
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Schizoturanius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizoturanius" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizoturanius</taxonomicName>
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Verhoeff, 1931 and
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Epanerchodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epanerchodus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epanerchodus</taxonomicName>
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Attems, 1901.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="13">
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In
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Nipponesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nipponesmus shirinensis" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shirinensis">Nipponesmus shirinensis</taxonomicName>
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, the gonopod telopodite (Figs 11-13) is indeed biramous only distally, being divided into subequally prominent endo- and exomere. Furthermore, the endomere (en) is beset with a characteristically bacilliform trichome, whereas the exomere (ex) is simple. The seminal groove runs mostly mesally to recurve neatly between ex and en and then to debauch somewhat basally into a prominent hairy pulvillus which is also beset with the same peculiar trichome, and is devoid of an accessory seminal chamber. The same general pattern is observed both in
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Nipponesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nipponesmus tangonis" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tangonis">Nipponesmus tangonis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Nipponesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nipponesmus minor" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">Nipponesmus minor</taxonomicName>
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(Figs 20-23). What we term here as endomere is the branch which
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<bibRefCitation author="Murakami, Y" journalOrPublisher="Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses" pageId="19" pageNumber="28" pagination="253 - 258" title="Two new species of polydesmid millipeds from western Honshu, Japan." volume="44" year="1973">Murakami (1973)</bibRefCitation>
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erroneously referred to as solenomere in his
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Nipponesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nipponesmus tangonis" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tangonis">Nipponesmus tangonis</taxonomicName>
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. Yet it can hardly be called such, because the seminal groove ends somewhat basally of it and thus fails to support it at all. This is where one of the basic distinctions between
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Nipponesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nipponesmus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nipponesmus</taxonomicName>
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="14" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Schizoturanius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizoturanius" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizoturanius</taxonomicName>
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seems to lie, because in
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Schizoturanius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizoturanius" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizoturanius</taxonomicName>
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the recurvature point of the seminal groove between both distal branches ex and en is about level to the pulvillus (
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<bibRefCitation author="Golovatch, SI" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal" pageId="19" pageNumber="28" pagination="987 - 1001" title="The composition and zoogeographical connections of the fauna of Diplopoda of Middle Asia. Communication 1" volume="58" year="1979">Golovatch 1979</bibRefCitation>
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). So we can speak in this case about a true solenomere. In addition, in
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Schizoturanius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizoturanius" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizoturanius</taxonomicName>
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an accessory seminal chamber, however small, is present. Another characteristic feature of
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Nipponesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nipponesmus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nipponesmus</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="vis-à-vis">vis-a-vis</normalizedToken>
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not only
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Schizoturanius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizoturanius" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizoturanius</taxonomicName>
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, but also all other genera of
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<taxonomicName family="Polydesmidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" rank="family">Polydesmidae</taxonomicName>
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is an abundant bacilliform trichome on the endomere. Although a similar trichome is known to occur in some European
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Polydesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polydesmus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polydesmus</taxonomicName>
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species as well, it is always located either on the exomere or on a solenomere. These three apomorphies distinguish
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Nipponesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nipponesmus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nipponesmus</taxonomicName>
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from the obviously most similar
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Schizoturanius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizoturanius" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizoturanius</taxonomicName>
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, a genus encompassing several species in Central Asia, Siberia and the southern part of the Eastern European Plain (
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<bibRefCitation author="Golovatch, SI" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal" pageId="19" pageNumber="28" pagination="987 - 1001" title="The composition and zoogeographical connections of the fauna of Diplopoda of Middle Asia. Communication 1" volume="58" year="1979">Golovatch 1979</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Golovatch, SI" journalOrPublisher="Steenstrupia" pageId="19" pageNumber="28" pagination="141 - 159" title="The millipede family Polydesmidae in Southeast Asia, with notes on phylogeny." volume="17" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
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As regards
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Golovatch’s">Golovatch's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1991) placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Nipponesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nipponesmus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nipponesmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
also near
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Epanerchodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epanerchodus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epanerchodus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, following
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hoffman, RL" journalOrPublisher="Museum d'histoire naturelle, Geneve" pageId="19" pageNumber="28" title="Classification of the Diplopoda" year="1980">Hoffman (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who had synonymized these genera, this idea is false, as they appear to show too many profound differences in gonopod structure. Thus, in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Epanerchodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epanerchodus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epanerchodus</taxonomicName>
|
||
the endomere is mostly absent, rarely present as only a rudimentary structure, while the seminal groove after the recurvature point still makes a long way basad to debauch into a prominent, simple-haired, accessory seminal chamber placed at the bottom of a profound parabasal cavity in the telopodite (see also below). Based on the gonopod conformation of one of the new Taiwanese species (see below),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Usbekodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Usbekodesmus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Usbekodesmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lohmander, 1932, differing from
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Epanerchodu" lsidName="Epanerchodu" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" rank="genus">Epanerchodu</taxonomicName>
|
||
s only in a somewhat better developed exomere, albeit also simple and more or less spiniform, is to be regarded as another junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Epanerchodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epanerchodus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epanerchodus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, syn. n. Arguments for synonymizing both these genera have long been put forth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Geoffroy, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Arthropoda Selecta" pageId="19" pageNumber="28" pagination="19 - 28" title="Some polydesmidan millipedes from caves in southern China (Diplopoda: Polydesmida), with descriptions of four new species" volume="13" year="2004">Geoffroy and Golovatch 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but until now no formal synonymy has been advanced.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
|
||
This results in the following new formal transfers:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Epanerchodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epanerchodus redikorzevi" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="redikorzevi">Epanerchodus redikorzevi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lohmander, 1932), from Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Epanerchodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epanerchodus swatensis" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="swatensis">Epanerchodus swatensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Golovatch, 1991), from Swat Province, northern Pakistan,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Epanerchodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epanerchodus varius" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varius">Epanerchodus varius</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Geoffroy & Golovatch, 2004), from Hubei Province, southern China, as well as the Nepalese
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Epanerchodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epanerchodus anachoretus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anachoretus">Epanerchodus anachoretus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Golovatch, 1986),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Epanerchodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epanerchodus buddhis" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buddhis">Epanerchodus buddhis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Golovatch, 1986),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Epanerchodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epanerchodus occultus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occultus">Epanerchodus occultus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Golovatch, 1986),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Epanerchodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epanerchodus sacer" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sacer">Epanerchodus sacer</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Golovatch, 1987),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Epanerchodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epanerchodus theocraticus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theocraticus">Epanerchodus theocraticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Golovatch, 1990) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Epanerchodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epanerchodus theosophicus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theosophicus">Epanerchodus theosophicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Golovatch, 1986), all comb. n. ex
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Usbekodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Usbekodesmus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Usbekodesmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
|
||
The following key can serve to separate all three currently known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Nipponesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nipponesmus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nipponesmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |