216 lines
29 KiB
XML
216 lines
29 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="01DEAD9E14D616E0E65460180A9A7BBA">Revision of the Lacinipoliavicina (Grote) complex (Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Eriopygini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B8435AFCAF90BCB0883959945C0388EF">Schmidt, B. Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="2A7CCF139021C77C3B8010558DED93B6">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="8A9C24C5BB127F99C6458CD6C4AC1D52">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="08E75935CFE3663E59E1603A9E61011E" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.527.9686</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="48146677FAE9804D9BB2682A2A03B595" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152062704" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:48146677FAE9804D9BB2682A2A03B595" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/48146677FAE9804D9BB2682A2A03B595" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="4" pageNumber="107">
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<subSubSection id="6D6B7FF9C83AAC47871CA5CBA77A8A13" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="693D80B300163E7B73C299878172F5C8" pageId="4" pageNumber="107">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Noctuidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D979215BD734BAA034CF48AFDC74F6B8" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E3E9257CB97B586A496F0F695414E019" pageId="4" pageNumber="107">
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<taxonomicName id="E14B2A44C419CB8E73247A8A408C60C2" ID-CoL="6NR7V" authority="Grote, 1874" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1874" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia vicina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">Lacinipolia vicina (Grote, 1874)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 1-3, 55, 69
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1496B39D2B4C0037E9E59C5B424F795C" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="FA1861889E6EDB9A5DA7BA245F2A296A" pageId="4" pageNumber="107">
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<taxonomicName id="7E00A47677A96B3D970138CDBD6FBF0E" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Mamestra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mamestra vicina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">Mamestra vicina</taxonomicName>
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Grote, 1874a: 156.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="67B219501D900BA8D611A8A2AD0D03FF" pageId="4" pageNumber="107">
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<taxonomicName id="EC9110249B99D95FE1D83BF4310BC2F0" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Mamestra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mamestra imbuna" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imbuna">Mamestra imbuna</taxonomicName>
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Smith, 1905a: 201, syn. rev.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="64277A0544A07D1B700CC54805ACDA47" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="BB732507FF945E2A0358FF47221A2156" pageId="4" pageNumber="107">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C7A34248083E5B1C41E9284844208522" pageId="4" pageNumber="107">
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<taxonomicName id="02A7D147D1DFEA3BA0BACCBFCFCE3E10" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Mamestra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mamestra vicina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">Mamestra vicina</taxonomicName>
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: The type material of
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<taxonomicName id="4F8DAC9FA48206A9C0C3C261758BEF63" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia vicina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">Lacinipolia vicina</taxonomicName>
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almost certainly consisted of two species, the eastern species known previously as
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<taxonomicName id="4FD038BA66E35306161C4F29B2246B21" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia imbuna" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imbuna">Lacinipolia imbuna</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="5DEDF9411AE1080CDA64CE4121B8057A" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia teligera" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="teligera">Lacinipolia teligera</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="E9784D827504FEE6FB86CC72E062FADF" author="Franclemont, JG" editor="Hodges, RW" journalOrPublisher="E. W. Classey Ltd., London" pageId="15" pageNumber="118" pagination="120 - 159" title="Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico" year="1983">Franclemont and Todd 1983</bibRefCitation>
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) and represented by a female syntype from Massachusetts (BMNH; examined), in addition to the widespread species previously called
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<taxonomicName id="F5D5343927E945EE3EB41A2384A0BF64" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia vicina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">Lacinipolia vicina</taxonomicName>
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, represented by at least one syntype from St. Catherines, Ontario (lost). I was unable to locate any St. Catherines specimens, stated by Grote to have come from George Norman. Other syntypes from the Norman collection (
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<taxonomicName id="4E46F66DDAD6412ABA7967D44F230DF0" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Crocigrapha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crocigrapha normani" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="normani">Crocigrapha normani</taxonomicName>
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(Grote) and
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<taxonomicName id="ED893DC7BDF462625490743E9EB3588A" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Xestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xestia normanianus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="normanianus">Xestia normanianus</taxonomicName>
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(Grote)) are also considered to be lost (D. Lafontaine pers. comm.). This is unfortunate since it would have been preferable to fix the name
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<taxonomicName id="3284B92B80EBB43241D258B86D0A1F2E" lsidName="vicina" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="vicina">vicina</taxonomicName>
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as the widespread, well-known species here treated as
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<taxonomicName id="05B3E44110E506CE085A35E9CF056157" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia sareta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sareta">Lacinipolia sareta</taxonomicName>
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, but as the only extant primary type, the following female specimen [BMNH] must be designated as lectotype: "
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<taxonomicName id="4CE0023AC5E7EA11FA4D0C065EA7AA98" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Mamestra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mamestra" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mamestra</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="6AB023A0919F6E93B1FD76D2AF76E1CA" lsidName="vicina" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="vicina">vicina</taxonomicName>
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/ Type Grote" [red-bordered label];
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<normalizedToken id="9910B961773F1E6F917A5E248E929750" originalValue="“Type”">"Type"</normalizedToken>
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[round red-bordered label]; "
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<taxonomicName id="682B57BBA03F1ECE063A95C7DE1BF265" lsidName="vicina" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="vicina">vicina</taxonomicName>
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/ TYPE" [small handwritten label]; Grote Coll. / 81-116." [type-written label];
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<normalizedToken id="1E700999A8F0D067957B86CC66BCCAD6" originalValue="“U.S.America.”">"U.S.America."</normalizedToken>
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[type-written label]; "
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<taxonomicName id="27CF1D7B9D3C754D4B8176D836A1DB88" family="Noctuidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
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/ Brit. Mus. slide / No. 8237" [blue type-written label]. Type locality:
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<normalizedToken id="B378DC31756DFDA2CE544AD6124C781A" originalValue="“Massachusetts”">"Massachusetts"</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F0B9D484E17CEC72BE860C0AC541E6F3" pageId="4" pageNumber="107">
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<taxonomicName id="0B1F3C24A73DAACB5C8BBEAFE6E6D22C" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Mamestra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mamestra imbuna" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imbuna">Mamestra imbuna</taxonomicName>
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: Male lectotype (AMNH; examined), designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="A2980DA0C702F05975EDABD84ABCCB10" author="Todd, EL" journalOrPublisher="United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin" pageId="16" pageNumber="119" pagination="1 - 228" title="The noctuid type material of John B. Smith (Lepidoptera)." volume="1645" year="1982">Todd (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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. Type locality: Luzerne Co., Pennsylvania. The original type series of
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<taxonomicName id="5E1ABAF951001A051286AA25476551FD" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Mamestra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mamestra imbuna" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imbuna">Mamestra imbuna</taxonomicName>
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probably also included
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<taxonomicName id="24DA4691DA735CAA8BDABEA08591CAC2" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia sareta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sareta">Lacinipolia sareta</taxonomicName>
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from the southern Lake Michigan region, as
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<bibRefCitation id="30BFBDAB351AC73DFB0289C535C4EAB2" author="Smith, JB" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="16" pageNumber="119" pagination="188 - 211" title="New species of Noctuidae for 1905." volume="13" year="1905 a">Smith (1905a)</bibRefCitation>
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mentions an August specimen from Hessville, Indiana (a suburb of Chicago), but
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<normalizedToken id="9E61D4F221A1BEDE98B5F7D380A3AEBA" originalValue="Todd’s">Todd's</normalizedToken>
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lectotype designation fortunately restricts the concept of the name.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="82DCAC95BEEAA79CCDA8FD70A26C5281" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="EC5E5438C317FDB714719D249F2D5EFE" pageId="4" pageNumber="107">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A5C37D4E9DAB526E47DEC45263456295" pageId="4" pageNumber="107">
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Within the eastern North American range of
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<taxonomicName id="881A58A2673803124958A55E1B5FD81A" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia vicina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">Lacinipolia vicina</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="86AC99138499BD5AD69574D92586F7C7" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia sareta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sareta">Lacinipolia sareta</taxonomicName>
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is most similar but the two can usually be separated without dissection by the more southern distribution, larger size and bivoltine spring / fall flight (April-May and September - October) of
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<taxonomicName id="0F4AAA9721116DED594265125CE15B80" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia vicina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">Lacinipolia vicina</taxonomicName>
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(univoltine from late June to early August for
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<taxonomicName id="07523F840605BB550B22AB4FA68C45F7" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia sareta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sareta">Lacinipolia sareta</taxonomicName>
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). In the male genitalia,
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<taxonomicName id="145A3D408ADC4FBD6F77D00C3A42FEC8" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia vicina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">Lacinipolia vicina</taxonomicName>
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differs most obviously in the arrangement of the spines above the juxta, consisting of two lateral and one medial field of ventrally projecting spines, whereas in
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<taxonomicName id="2052565EF17141795DB6055AA048BD19" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia sareta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sareta">Lacinipolia sareta</taxonomicName>
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the spines are directed dorsally and are on the inside of a large, rhomboid plate. Females of
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<taxonomicName id="9D3D007267595E78AA491B709A995FB2" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia vicina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">Lacinipolia vicina</taxonomicName>
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have an asymmetrical, invaginated ostium, like the opening of a conch, compared to a simpler ostium with a convex prevaginal plate margin in
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<taxonomicName id="6F7D8492030109B9346BB26930748188" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia sareta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sareta">Lacinipolia sareta</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A5B22996539A99A36015883F5338B9BA" pageId="4" pageNumber="107">
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Although
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<taxonomicName id="EB88E3FDB0A5EFC8783EEE65A616D7F8" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia vicina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">Lacinipolia vicina</taxonomicName>
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is most closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="BC06F90E5BED571A91F2BDC56C5EB4B3" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia teligera" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="teligera">Lacinipolia teligera</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="AB77970E30CC231B88DDC4BCD16184CA" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia vicina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">Lacinipolia vicina</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="42FA434880744F5991C13F9EAC2DE005" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia teligera" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="teligera">Lacinipolia teligera</taxonomicName>
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are not likely to be confused given the range disjunction and more extensive dark fuscous shading of the hindwing in
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<taxonomicName id="B0819A8949B2D33C18462144D173ADC1" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia vicina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">Lacinipolia vicina</taxonomicName>
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. The male genitalia differ in the shape of the clasper, with the apical lobe narrower and more pointed in
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<taxonomicName id="0472D718EA9C5824B6A674C2522CF4B6" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia vicina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">Lacinipolia vicina</taxonomicName>
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, and the thumb-like lobe situated one third the distance from the base, compared to halfway in
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<taxonomicName id="73DBFF670C16EF7EB0744A54DA863524" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia teligera" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="teligera">Lacinipolia teligera</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="46393C70DE2837CF776A8E7B28279C7C" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" type="distribution and biology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C26A06FF8F3B0544D4654E849D8AE8A4" pageId="4" pageNumber="107">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E7A815EAFAEC07EB5EF36B116199E9E" pageId="4" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55D416CEFC289FA9015D6A53CECDA17A" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia vicina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">Lacinipolia vicina</taxonomicName>
|
||
were examined from Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia and North Carolina (Fig. 69);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="49AF99848FBBB5A7F6300C1AC232D7B5" author="Forbes, WTM" journalOrPublisher="Cornell University Agriculture Experiment Station, Memoir" pageId="15" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 433" title="Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states. Part 3 Noctuidae." volume="329" year="1954">Forbes (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also cites New Jersey (Lakehurst) and Indiana records. The Indiana record (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB689DDF220DB7697DD8E01CFDB63F7A" author="Smith, JB" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="16" pageNumber="119" pagination="188 - 211" title="New species of Noctuidae for 1905." volume="13" year="1905 a">Smith 1905a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) may be erroneous given the long-standing confusion with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47BAC7EA3B6E79594E8C0225902DB225" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia sareta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sareta">Lacinipolia sareta</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as discussed in the "Type material" section above. Eastern Ohio records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A74E965CB62032508A54F57431EB9A3" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia teligera" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="teligera">Lacinipolia teligera</taxonomicName>
|
||
from May and September given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2847D42C8EC25F769B130A11901D613E" author="Rings, RW" journalOrPublisher="Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin (New Series)" pageId="16" pageNumber="119" title="The owlet moths of Ohio Order Lepidoptera Family Noctuidae." volume="9" year="1992">Rings et al. (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are most likely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CCC73C2F3CF753E7F81125276FE2DDC1" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia vicina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">Lacinipolia vicina</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="269DAB80788E63CBEAFF758AAD6FD79A" author="Moore, S" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Museum of Zoology" pageId="16" pageNumber="119" title="An annotated list of the moths of Michigan exclusive of Tineoidea (Lepidoptera)." year="1955">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5FC3937FDA68E8CDB247EDEDDA441DBD" originalValue="Moore’s">Moore's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1955)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
records for Michigan probably all apply to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DB7F207B657A207C59A158F33C6C559" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia sareta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sareta">Lacinipolia sareta</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on flight dates and the widespread distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="183B1C39A80947EE8775C94D87369CB5" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia sareta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sareta">Lacinipolia sareta</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Great Lakes region. There is no clear indication of habitat preference; in North Carolina
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0FA11FD968DBA2535D29C39B73432441" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia vicina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">Lacinipolia vicina</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in open oak-hickory forest (B. Sullivan pers. comm.). Despite the relatively broad distribution and apparent lack of specialized habitat requirements,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0FB63579D08BB06BA87D20581866AD17" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia vicina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">Lacinipolia vicina</taxonomicName>
|
||
records are few.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52C28EA393E21DC16BCF19ED9540E7F9" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia vicina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">Lacinipolia vicina</taxonomicName>
|
||
is apparently bivoltine, flying in spring (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="213F2B97E2BE37F72F00C910CC7D64FE" originalValue="April–May">April-May</normalizedToken>
|
||
) and in late summer to early fall (late August to early October), with later dates farther south. The larvae were described and illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="ED83E137EABEF3BC1C2ABC6A658FBC73" author="Godfrey, GL" journalOrPublisher="United States department of Agriculture" pageId="15" pageNumber="118" title="A review and reclassification of larvae of the subfamily Hadeninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) of America north of Mexico." year="1972">Godfrey (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(reared vouchers examined; CUIC), and are probably polyphagous ground dwellers like other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01D633CF0E40DC843C25583104A77480" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lacinipolia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="87C3E376F7F7130FFE5E6BCD6988726B" author="Wagner, DL" journalOrPublisher="Princeton University Press, New Jersey" pageId="16" pageNumber="119" title="Owlet Caterpillars of Eastern North America" year="2011">Wagner et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D2D634847DF6ACDB06F9C5823D1265B7" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="C2E3D756CED9F59EE5902E111104E16E" pageId="4" pageNumber="107">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C88137C30A16E423963F9C818C737D26" pageId="4" pageNumber="107">
|
||
As defined here,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02C80F067F18E9B54C2DB6488CE4CD72" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia vicina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">Lacinipolia vicina</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the same species later described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A1D6067A308992CBC67D84878AF700F" author="Smith, JB" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="16" pageNumber="119" pagination="188 - 211" title="New species of Noctuidae for 1905." volume="13" year="1905 a">Smith (1905a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAAE62740935BC9EDB3EF71873BC5C5D" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Mamestra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mamestra imbuna" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imbuna">Mamestra imbuna</taxonomicName>
|
||
, differing considerably in morphology from both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C8730E72EEAD3D66672F76850F26E6C" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia sareta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sareta">Lacinipolia sareta</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BA1214B1968AF47999B8242B0493FA4D" lsidName="vicina" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="vicina">vicina</taxonomicName>
|
||
of authors) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFDA183D733E3CEAF7D0230B7A6C28DF" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia pensilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensilis">Lacinipolia pensilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although more closely related to the latter.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="106DB0D06362744686CA0BC25A95FD3A" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia imbuna" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imbuna">Lacinipolia imbuna</taxonomicName>
|
||
was previously treated as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="442C109FE3DA904B788BC4DE0F4A42D1" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia teligera" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="teligera">Lacinipolia teligera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9BE7F0140788D8CC817436CF9AF72DA2" author="Franclemont, JG" editor="Hodges, RW" journalOrPublisher="E. W. Classey Ltd., London" pageId="15" pageNumber="118" pagination="120 - 159" title="Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico" year="1983">Franclemont and Todd 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |