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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297056" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="57b8b4bd-5d41-457f-9201-f4a0de0367c7" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905223902" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. &amp; Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="F1AF3C939CD1F0BC8757F3FCBA58E137" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Phyllostomidae.395-426.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Artibeus (Artibeus) lituratus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="0DE5F2F887EEE913B0D59311D5EEEDFD" lastPageNumber="419" masterDocId="0DE5F2F887EEE913B0D59311D5EEEDFD" masterDocTitle="Order Chiroptera - Family Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="426" masterPageNumber="395" pageNumber="419" updateTime="1716773540486" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="2F3D7796835BE02C870069B342C215CB">Order Chiroptera - Family Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DF79E94BC5C97087DE189B3C07B6E9B0">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="ED30A5F5601A04C51789816FC480AA15">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
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<treatment id="F1AF3C939CD1F0BC8757F3FCBA58E137" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11326824" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231520946" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11326824" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F1AF3C939CD1F0BC8757F3FCBA58E137" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F1AF3C939CD1F0BC8757F3FCBA58E137" lastPageNumber="419" pageNumber="419" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13801382">
<subSubSection id="40B119A2B023D0E7DA030113AC39A37B" pageNumber="419" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="BD096BFD969B00840ADB342F43F191EB" pageNumber="419">
<taxonomicName id="99E06D55932EF1CB1AC724E71C18A808" ID-CoL="7R5ZG" authority="(Olfers 1818)" baseAuthorityName="Olfers" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lituratus" subGenus="Artibeus">
<emphasis id="361C930775AFBF29D742D847529644FF" italics="true" pageNumber="419">Artibeus (Artibeus) lituratus</emphasis>
(Olfers 1818)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83D1545B2839AD651F9E305A48090D72" pageNumber="419" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F0D05BA2645972A4257864CF2D3FE50F" pageNumber="419">
<treatmentCitation id="9A2EDE1C932E5CDA4336E482BBFED663" author="Olfers" authority="Olfers 1818" authorityName="Olfers" authorityYear="1818" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Phyllostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" page="224" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lituratus" title="Phyllostomus lituratus" volumeTitle="in: Eschwege, J. Brasilien, Neue Bibliothek. Reisenb., Vol. 15" year="1818">
<taxonomicName id="27E4EF4ABB927EAC3B7CEDE3EC200648" ID-CoL="4HCX5" authority="Olfers 1818" authorityName="Olfers" authorityYear="1818" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Phyllostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lituratus">
<emphasis id="E0FB9E1E19D3EC941F70773B5CA56864" italics="true" pageNumber="419">[Phyllostomus] lituratus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="982E3F467C8569CD2A187DBDA7745BB7" author="Olfers, I. von" refId="ref266201" refString="Olfers, I. von. 1818. Bemerkungen zu Illiger's Ueberblick der Saugthiere nach ihrer Vertheilung uber die Welttheile, rucksichtich der Sudamericanischen Arten (Species). Abhandlung X in W. L. von Eschwege, Journal von Brasilien, odor vermischte Nachrichten aus Brasilien, auf wissenschaftlichen Reisen gesammelt. Heft 2 in F. Bertuch (ed.), Neue Bibliothek der wichtigsten Reisebeschreibungen zur Erweiterung der Erd- und Volkerkunde, Band 15: 192 - 237. Weimar." year="1818">Olfers 1818</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="F0B407196BBED844BB10985C8378724C" author="Olfers" pageNumber="419" pagination="224" title="Phyllostomus lituratus" volumeTitle="in: Eschwege, J. Brasilien, Neue Bibliothek. Reisenb., Vol. 15" year="1818">
in: Eschwege, J.
<collectingCountry id="A45D1BF360F7C4254A78DC2E5FF05FF0" name="Brazil">Brasilien</collectingCountry>
, Neue Bibliothek. Reisenb., Vol. 15: 224
</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3E96FA6849A4F1F2D2B3079CF6FB92BB" pageNumber="419" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FF6C4AEED82F4C1A88C1798E6703DAD5" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="3F1871410ED49BCB83FC46B6728B795A" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="419">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="26A69B59CDFF74B20460D76EC8EF0074" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867283373" country="Paraguay" pageNumber="419" stateProvince="Asuncion">
<collectingCountry id="88D4B3BE9783AE6155BD0176425CC50A" name="Paraguay">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="22DF957C09B2FBEC7D7882F7A9BE25B7" country="Paraguay" name="Asuncion">Asunción</collectingRegion>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="35DF1E8EDFCC1FA2C8887196E5254BC7" pageNumber="419" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="596AB4A32FBE9D58EBCB7141D36ABA0C" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="16DD97A4EFFB2476F97715014035BED3" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="419">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="203663ECD5098EE3CDEBCD90655C0A4A" language="eng" pageNumber="419">Great Fruit-eating Bat</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="80ABA2910B19B82282796FDD48C5A624" pageNumber="419" type="synonym_list">
<paragraph id="3CCF020A0A55C33B8D40BFD326136FF5" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="B0608DD5F9C49C4E727D8954CB1A4A9C" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="419">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B367E372B7F750D57E365941E4E8B917" authority="Andersen 1908" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dominicanus" subGenus="Artibeus">
<emphasis id="58292D95908AF7F8D7644FA43B005A87" italics="true" pageNumber="419">Artibeus (Artibeus) dominicanus</emphasis>
Andersen 1908
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A0CACBAB9C2FAE0C7D6506F8573359A0" pageNumber="419" type="child_taxa">
<paragraph id="91ABC33CCA4DBA92ADBD54AD31AE90AB" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="4A590CB598B0E09FCD59AB14816C776B" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="419">Subspecies:</emphasis>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="652154918F123DAE6D7AFD297A5B6F1D" pageNumber="419">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="459C294BF1871BBC3998F83A29CD4F7D" authority="Olfers 1818" authorityName="Olfers" authorityYear="1818" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lituratus" subGenus="Artibeus" subSpecies="lituratus">
<emphasis id="9E4A37460834F2457CB3379F9E67AAF8" italics="true" pageNumber="419">Artibeus (Artibeus) lituratus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="E973DFBABA0EDAB394A90C9331BD10E7" italics="true" pageNumber="419">lituratus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="912DBDE86C0F87A1D691B08F93F1C72C" author="Olfers, I. von" refId="ref266201" refString="Olfers, I. von. 1818. Bemerkungen zu Illiger's Ueberblick der Saugthiere nach ihrer Vertheilung uber die Welttheile, rucksichtich der Sudamericanischen Arten (Species). Abhandlung X in W. L. von Eschwege, Journal von Brasilien, odor vermischte Nachrichten aus Brasilien, auf wissenschaftlichen Reisen gesammelt. Heft 2 in F. Bertuch (ed.), Neue Bibliothek der wichtigsten Reisebeschreibungen zur Erweiterung der Erd- und Volkerkunde, Band 15: 192 - 237. Weimar." year="1818">Olfers 1818</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E80BD5F4A2F6268C116B1006223B25DF" pageNumber="419">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="FC712CF0B33B0C8CDCFB71C6D2830125" authority="Wilson 1991" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1991" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lituratus" subGenus="Artibeus" subSpecies="koopmani">
<emphasis id="67E3F38F227D31634B54B51CE3BB9258" italics="true" pageNumber="419">Artibeus (Artibeus) lituratus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="F9D9FA8244F7EB92B5F7D07085E471A8" italics="true" pageNumber="419">koopmani</emphasis>
Wilson 1991
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="521BF24E623090518E9CC4764B6A1FF5" pageNumber="419">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="52DB88B6797F1E7D9C26EE9AE9ADDFC2" authority="J. A. Allen 1897" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lituratus" subGenus="Artibeus" subSpecies="palmarum">
<emphasis id="2FC0E309A972C51D68BFF23B4127CC57" italics="true" pageNumber="419">Artibeus (Artibeus) lituratus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="CE708DCD4609CAAC1ADAEA7A0964F2B6" italics="true" pageNumber="419">palmarum</emphasis>
J. A. Allen 1897
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CF5A6200B1D0FFF18858619F15973605" pageNumber="419" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="273B6A88D08330897623E294E2C4CDA0" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="196B8629C083E31690F84306D12C0E12" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="419">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="0F8BEABCA16F559D77F5034785F92208" country="Mexico" name="Michoacan de Ocampo">Michoacan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="30BF2AEF2E55F2DE1E072D284B7D556B" country="Mexico" name="Sinaloa">Sinaloa</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion id="46670D1C7C7725441F96DE014C2E967B" country="Mexico" name="Tamaulipas">Tamaulipas</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="43E4CF76BF8ECEB92E85D0D44809096F" name="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
) south to S
<collectingCountry id="D78314418F7AB707F083048F00DEC956" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, N
<collectingCountry id="64B5866B34099B355EC482D3DB356DA1" name="Argentina">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="45D7235AA8AEE02059A40F21DB060759" name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="48CB69422C3FC10DF20B71BFA4482B67" name="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
; S Lesser Antilles; Trés Marías Isls.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FA2726CE4686EF5655B16ACEFAE3EAA" pageNumber="419" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="41B267E07461ED49D4028CE199D78597" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="ED507B8052BADA1FB1E93CE4B82A10E7" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="419">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="29C7531949E81FD6C5E6C1D62A12A63D">IUCN</collectionCode>
2003 and
<collectionCode id="F6BBC60820E09D1DAB9262B1CA2BF663">IUCN</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="A7919CF45CAE37CDADB28BED2B63146D" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9wqd-8bvt" name="Sacramento State University" type="">SSC</collectionCode>
Action Plan (2001) Lower Risk (lc) as
<taxonomicName id="DF944C434FF781830E549537E78B19E1" baseAuthorityName="Olfers" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lituratus">
<emphasis id="0E350413292D5798378DE4412056540D" italics="true" pageNumber="419">A. lituratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="63997434C7BF645FA1D61E82590282F7" authorityName="J. A. Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1893" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Choeroniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
<emphasis id="FF3175B026E48A611EE94237C966CAC6" italics="true" pageNumber="419">A. intermedius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2D0480E4114A73E0D4450A19462B3368" pageNumber="419" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFEC606BC0603E6E9ED5DFB3E5D9C0C" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="D1D118BC66D7D8D2135362376D39EF16" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="419">Discussion:</emphasis>
Subgenus
<taxonomicName id="F3B733584236ADB14998AF9D9D633D24" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4D0E22D5F2194A5D484B418D02A2E50E" italics="true" pageNumber="419">Artibeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Includes
<emphasis id="143830D1552BE89A554A68F021FE62C8" italics="true" pageNumber="419">palmarum</emphasis>
but not
<emphasis id="EE6915DE44068DC709E9D93FA054544E" italics="true" pageNumber="419">fallax</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="C7E1601F7BB77F0D6B132C8111770616" italics="true" pageNumber="419">hercules</emphasis>
, or
<emphasis id="BD238965BF92DD4DCA90536AAA2DD763" italics="true" pageNumber="419">praeceps</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D6890720F0F8DBF31603E27960E9EFB7" author="Koopman, K. F." refId="ref193262" refString="Koopman, K. F. 1968. Taxonomic and distributional notes on Lesser Antillean bats. American Museum Novitates, 2333: 1 - 13." year="1968">Koopman, 1968</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="77A9DFDC632736504FE354B286718963" author="Koopman, K. F." refId="ref193459" refString="Koopman, K. F. 1978 b. Zoogeography of Peruvian bats with special emphasis on the role of the Andes. American Museum Novitates, 2651: 1 - 33." year="1978">
1978
<emphasis id="C7506BDD2B48D47769E61F237BA7E1F1" italics="true" pageNumber="419">b</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
), Handley (1987), and
<bibRefCitation id="DDFE9474CE7979ADBE0A9698ADE028F2" author="Marques-Aguiar, S. A." refId="ref225848" refString="Marques-Aguiar, S. A. 1994. A systematic review of the large species of Artibeus Leach, 1821 (Mammalia: Chiroptera) with some phylogeographic inferences. Boletin Museo Emilio Goeldi, serie Zoologia, 10: 3 - 83." year="1994">Marques-Aguiar (1994)</bibRefCitation>
. Includes
<taxonomicName id="1AAFF6F652116EF406815E1DF91469BF" authorityName="J. A. Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1893" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Choeroniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
<emphasis id="DCF70538203A8D3A5ABE62C312BDDC38" italics="true" pageNumber="419">intermedius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; see
<bibRefCitation id="2C8B886A1ADFE6F16602C6DDCA5434D6" author="Jones, J. K., Jr. &amp; D. C. Carter" refId="ref176028" refString="Jones, J. K., Jr., and D. C. Carter. 1976. Annotated checklist, with keys to subfamilies and genera. Part I. Pp. 7 - 38, in Biology of bats of the New World family Phyllostomatidae. Part I (R. J. Baker, J. K. Jones, Jr., and D. C. Carter, eds.). Special Publications, The Museum, Texas Tech University Press, 10: 1 - 218." year="1976">Jones and Carter (1976)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="81461A838F9C826B991E82C5F691C830" author="Marques-Aguiar, S. A." refId="ref225848" refString="Marques-Aguiar, S. A. 1994. A systematic review of the large species of Artibeus Leach, 1821 (Mammalia: Chiroptera) with some phylogeographic inferences. Boletin Museo Emilio Goeldi, serie Zoologia, 10: 3 - 83." year="1994">Marques-Aguiar (1994)</bibRefCitation>
, but see also
<bibRefCitation id="2F35409A41C77EC86D3373A648995FF9" author="Davis, W. B." refId="ref75314" refString="Davis, W. B. 1984. Review of the large fruit-eating bats of the Artibeus &quot; lituratus &quot; complex (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in Middle America. Occasional Papers, The Museum, Texas Tech University, 93: 1 - 16." year="1984">Davis (1984)</bibRefCitation>
and Wilson (1991). It is not appropriate to treat
<taxonomicName id="88B36804CE95BEF481567D53D86FA5AF" authorityName="J. A. Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1893" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Choeroniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
<emphasis id="EA8B7E5CBEB3E1EEA33CD6D493BF0CEE" italics="true" pageNumber="419">intermedius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="A6D1D62E94FA59636ECEAEF36C9A4476" baseAuthorityName="Olfers" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lituratus">
<emphasis id="5E2A80AC8DEA3CFE4903F0DB01C89F9E" italics="true" pageNumber="419">lituratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because it supposedly co-occurs with other populations of
<taxonomicName id="7C4F81351B06C5B7226EE1E3684B5353" baseAuthorityName="Olfers" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lituratus">
<emphasis id="22791D5FAFE3D44BC9CF8FCF7EEE0B63" italics="true" pageNumber="419">lituratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(referred to
<emphasis id="CCABEE91C0A1AA45B4DEB5D4F8BF8636" italics="true" pageNumber="419">palmarum</emphasis>
, which has priority) at several Central American localities (
<bibRefCitation id="504481F3206AAD202C48A1D5D16153A7" author="Davis, W. B." refId="ref75314" refString="Davis, W. B. 1984. Review of the large fruit-eating bats of the Artibeus &quot; lituratus &quot; complex (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in Middle America. Occasional Papers, The Museum, Texas Tech University, 93: 1 - 16." year="1984">Davis, 1984</bibRefCitation>
). Because there are no characters that unambiguously separate
<emphasis id="7208A4EA4A455AA88C9786C4E2D2B055" italics="true" pageNumber="419">palmarum</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="A53A791E4B4E96AD88F01986FD9A3DC8" authorityName="J. A. Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1893" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Choeroniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
<emphasis id="117FE81889F0BE29D41D6A4E576DBCA9" italics="true" pageNumber="419">intermedius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1E3A61D47AE66F3B8D8B93A58D782BEF" author="Davis, W. B." refId="ref75314" refString="Davis, W. B. 1984. Review of the large fruit-eating bats of the Artibeus &quot; lituratus &quot; complex (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in Middle America. Occasional Papers, The Museum, Texas Tech University, 93: 1 - 16." year="1984">Davis, 1984</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5A49DFAA107F8E25A65DC62821A0E372" author="Marques-Aguiar, S. A." refId="ref225848" refString="Marques-Aguiar, S. A. 1994. A systematic review of the large species of Artibeus Leach, 1821 (Mammalia: Chiroptera) with some phylogeographic inferences. Boletin Museo Emilio Goeldi, serie Zoologia, 10: 3 - 83." year="1994">Marques-Aguiar, 1994</bibRefCitation>
; Rodrigo Medellin, pers. comm.), it seems most likely that
<taxonomicName id="83E34225BAEEC0D5FB38483F9A26A004" authorityName="J. A. Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1893" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Choeroniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
<emphasis id="BE1C4B791BA2DD7A30CD7FB7348D5C40" italics="true" pageNumber="419">intermedius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
simply represents individuals of
<emphasis id="BF6F1BA605618171D3C3888391B99C36" italics="true" pageNumber="419">palmarum</emphasis>
that fall at the lower end of the normal range of size variation. Accordingly, I treat
<taxonomicName id="3A36D099C950C00D0377BC22C5B7DDA0" authorityName="J. A. Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1893" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Choeroniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
<emphasis id="AD39F4BE8457EB3BF3F50E983981B6AC" italics="true" pageNumber="419">intermedius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="AD8AA84C48535382D4D567132B21F58D" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lituratus" subSpecies="palmarum">
<emphasis id="23F264AAF0C5E4E7FD75D199A7939099" italics="true" pageNumber="419">A. lituratus palmarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Phylogeography discussed by
<bibRefCitation id="AB256D19F22AA4A3E64D3CD3DC90FE85" author="Phillips, C. J. &amp; D. E. Pumo &amp; H. H. Genoways &amp; P. E. Ray &amp; C. A. Briskey" refId="ref285574" refString="Phillips, C. J., D. E. Pumo, H. H. Genoways, P. E. Ray, and C. A. Briskey. 1991. Mitochondrial DNA evolution and phylogeography in two Neotropical fruit bats, Artibeus jamaicensis and Aritbeus lituratus. Pp. 97 - 123, in Latin American mammalogy: History, biodiversity, and conservation (M. A. Mares and D. J. Schmidly, eds.). University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, 468 pp." year="1991">Phillips et al. (1991)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="41999D9EC20B82371D41BC409D6B3052" author="Ditchfield, A. D." refId="ref85770" refString="Ditchfield, A. D. 2000. The comparative phylogeography of Neotropical mammals: Patterns of intraspecific mitochondrial DNA variation among bats contrasted to nonvolant small mammals. Molecular Ecology, 9: 1307 - 1318." year="2000">Ditchfield (2000)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>