490 lines
60 KiB
XML
490 lines
60 KiB
XML
<document id="3C29B20A4EEEC56165854E671A6BDBB6" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3949.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="696a43f0-f70b-42bb-b019-5e42122a774d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="231937" ID-ZooBank="7A1F8673-3EBC-4F8F-B26F-FE8EEF9C8D01" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461045301019" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Namin, Saeed Mohamadzade & Korneyev, Severyn V." docDate="2015" docId="F17F87A6FF86FFF6FF50FB8EFE3137BD" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03949p122.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3949 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Heringina Aczel 1940" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="114" masterDocId="0D46FFDEFF87FFF5FFC7FFD0FFAF3515" masterDocTitle="Revision of Heringina Aczél, 1940 (Diptera: Tephritidae), with description of a new species from Iran and Turkey" masterLastPageNumber="122" masterPageNumber="111" pageNumber="112" updateTime="1698576607624" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1DE46E6149AF8DB0B7BC4DEAF1DB60D7">
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<mods:title id="2665C863610AD194873FEC10F296CE3A">Revision of Heringina Aczél, 1940 (Diptera: Tephritidae), with description of a new species from Iran and Turkey</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="16DE58CFE0E256AEEA1549B0CC310189" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="7B7CEC60BE51C333F88BD697650890E0">Namin, Saeed Mohamadzade</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="FFDB2BFE48ACCE5735D38696E042E59E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A794E3813A5A61A75A91FFE34E20CA05">Korneyev, Severyn V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EE927BAEBD5298AE60F7824342131279">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A422F042748FF130125047AECA51D56E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5AEC45FF31DF1B1B4D1BF1B16BCAD196">
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<mods:date id="83037738967D5A45A9315D2C7C4E8EBC">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C48A9F2EEBEE28777EB017871A8E681B">3949</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="1AF67B6E7B1C3741356CBE251D2C786A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3949.1.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="ECE97F82358E2E48360A7375D723B1CC" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="215E69F0089A5F00D0DF9B6196707E20" type="Zenodo-Dep">231937</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F17F87A6FF86FFF6FF50FB8EFE3137BD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6100415" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119610464" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6100415" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F17F87A6FF86FFF6FF50FB8EFE3137BD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F17F87A6FF86FFF6FF50FB8EFE3137BD" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="1" pageNumber="112">
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<subSubSection id="31CC653BFF86FFF4FF50FB8EFE0D316D" box="[151,418,1118,1144]" pageId="1" pageNumber="112" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="796936B0FF86FFF4FF50FB8EFE0D316D" blockId="1.[151,418,1118,1144]" box="[151,418,1118,1144]" pageId="1" pageNumber="112">
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<heading id="222181DCFF86FFF4FF50FB8EFE0D316D" bold="true" box="[151,418,1118,1144]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="112" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF86FFF4FF50FB8EFE0D316D" ID-CoL="4VTC" ID-ENA="474824" authority="Aczel 1940" authorityName="Aczel" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,418,1118,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Heringina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF86FFF4FF50FB8EFE0D316D" bold="true" box="[151,418,1118,1144]" pageId="1" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF86FFF4FF50FB8EFEBB316D" bold="true" box="[151,276,1118,1144]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="112">Heringina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="1D474B41FF86FFF4FEDBFB8EFE0D316D" author="Aczel" box="[284,418,1118,1144]" pageId="1" pageNumber="112" refString="Aczel, M. L. (1940) Neue Beitrage zur Systematik und Okologie der palaarktischen Trypetiden. Bohrfliegen-Studien II. Zoologisches Anzeiger, 130, 234 - 242." type="journal article" year="1940">Aczél 1940</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="31CC653BFF86FFF4FF50FB76FC8831ED" pageId="1" pageNumber="112" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="796936B0FF86FFF4FF50FB76FCE631AE" blockId="1.[151,1436,1189,1272]" box="[151,841,1189,1211]" pageId="1" pageNumber="112">
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<typeStatus id="A66D8812FF86FFF4FF50FB76FF6631AE" box="[151,201,1190,1211]" pageId="1" pageNumber="112">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF86FFF4FEE1FB75FDE131AE" authority="Fallen 1814" authorityName="Fallen" authorityYear="1814" box="[294,590,1189,1211]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">
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<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF86FFF4FEE1FB75FE6231AE" box="[294,461,1189,1211]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="112">Tephritis guttata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="1D474B41FF86FFF4FE14FB75FDE131AE" author="Fallen" box="[467,590,1189,1211]" pageId="1" pageNumber="112" refString="Fallen, C. F. (1814) Beskrifning ofver de i sverige funna tistel-flugor, horande till dipter-slagtet Tephritis. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapakademiens Handlingar, 35, 156 - 177." type="journal article" year="1814">Fallén 1814</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="796936B0FF86FFF4FF50FB14FC8831ED" blockId="1.[151,1436,1189,1272]" pageId="1" pageNumber="112">
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<bibRefCitation id="1D474B41FF86FFF4FF50FB14FEBE31CF" author="Aczel" box="[151,273,1220,1242]" pageId="1" pageNumber="112" refString="Aczel, M. L. (1940) Neue Beitrage zur Systematik und Okologie der palaarktischen Trypetiden. Bohrfliegen-Studien II. Zoologisches Anzeiger, 130, 234 - 242." type="journal article" year="1940">Aczél 1940</bibRefCitation>
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: 234;
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<bibRefCitation id="1D474B41FF86FFF4FE93FB14FE7131CF" author="Richter" box="[340,478,1220,1242]" pageId="1" pageNumber="112" refString="Richter, V. A. (1965) A review of the fauna of fruit-flies (Diptera, Trypetidae) of Kazakhstan. Entomologicheskoe obozrenie, 44 (1), 141 - 150. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1965">Richter 1965</bibRefCitation>
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: 148; 1970: 163;
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<bibRefCitation id="1D474B41FF86FFF4FD5DFB15FCA031CF" author="Merz" box="[666,783,1220,1242]" pageId="1" pageNumber="112" refString="Merz, B. (1994) Diptera: Tephritidae. Insecta Helvetica Fauna, 10, 1 - 198. [HGE press, Geneva]" type="journal article" year="1994">Merz 1994</bibRefCitation>
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: 52; Norrbom
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<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF86FFF4FC6BFB15FC7431CF" box="[940,987,1220,1242]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="112">et al</emphasis>
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. 1999: 158; Korneyev 2004: 627;
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<bibRefCitation id="1D474B41FF86FFF4FA8DFB15FEC831ED" author="Merz" pageId="1" pageNumber="112" refString="Merz, B. & Korneyev, V. A. (2004) Fauna Europaea: Tephritidae. In: Pape, T. (Ed.), Fauna Europaea: Diptera, Brachycera. Fauna Europaea. Version 2.6. 2. Available from: http: // www. faunaeur. org (accessed 29 August 2013)" type="journal article" year="2004">Merz & Korneyev 2004</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="1D474B41FF86FFF4FEB6FB32FE7131ED" author="Smit" box="[369,478,1250,1272]" pageId="1" pageNumber="112" refString="Smit, J. T. (2010) De Nederlandse boorvliegen (Tephritidae). Entomologische Tabellen. Supplement bij Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen, 5, 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="2010">Smit 2010</bibRefCitation>
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: 104;
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<bibRefCitation id="1D474B41FF86FFF4FDDDFB32FD5231ED" author="Kocak" box="[538,765,1250,1272]" pageId="1" pageNumber="112" refString="Kocak, A. & Kemal, M. (2013) Tephritidae in Turkey. An evaluation of its status from various standpoints (Diptera). Cesa News, 86, 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="2013">Koçak & Kemal 2013</bibRefCitation>
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: 34.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="31CC653BFF86FFF7FF50FAF5FD993728" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="1" pageNumber="112" type="description">
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<paragraph id="796936B0FF86FFF4FF50FAF5FCFA3397" blockId="1.[151,1436,1317,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF86FFF4FF50FAF5FE8E302B" bold="true" box="[151,289,1317,1342]" pageId="1" pageNumber="112">Description</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF86FFF4FEF6FAF5FEDE302B" bold="true" box="[305,369,1317,1342]" pageId="1" pageNumber="112">Head</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="E1ED2A35FF86FFF4FE44FAF5FE7B302B" box="[387,468,1317,1342]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[215,1367,203,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1378,195,1879]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. Heringina guttata, 1. Habitus, ♂. 2. Wing. 3. Head in profile. 4. Mesonotum. 5. Ejaculatory apodeme. 6. Spermatheca. 7. Aculeus apex. 8. Aculeus. 9. Apex of oviscape and eversible membrane. 10. Glans of phallus, lateral. 11. Epandrium and hypandrium, lateral left view. 12. Epandrium, posterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/231938/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="112">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="E1ED2A35FF86FFF4FE25FAF5FE50302B" box="[482,511,1317,1342]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[209,1408,217,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[178,1409,193,1933]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 18. Heringina arezoana sp. nov., 13. Habitus, Holotype, ♂. 14. Mesonotum. 15. Wing. 16. Head in profile. 17. Male abdomen. 18. Female abdomen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/231939/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="112">16</figureCitation>
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) in profile slightly higher than long. Frons flat or slightly convex. Frontal stripe matt, longitudinally striate, with conspicuously microtrichose vitta narrowing from ocellar triangle to lunule and fine yellowish hairs in anterior half. Eye bare, oval, 1.2–1.3 times as high as long. Gena narrower than length of antenna. Face concave, entirely microtrichose. Antenna somewhat shorter than face, third segment rounded apically, less than twice as long as wide, arista with short pubescence. Proboscis capitate, palp unmodified. Two pairs of dark frontal and two orbital setae present; ocellar, median vertical, anterior orbital, genal and frontal setae yellowish brown and acuminate; ocellar seta normally developed, posterior orbital, postocellar, lateral vertical and paravertical setae whitish and acuminate; 3–4 postocular setae whitish and lanceolate, and 7–10 postocular setulae black and acuminate. Setulae on anterior part of gena, on distal part of palp and on pedicel brownish; remaining setulae whitish; ocellar triangle without any additional setulae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="796936B0FF86FFF4FF00F95DFBF63204" blockId="1.[151,1436,1317,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF86FFF4FF00F95DFE8F33B3" bold="true" box="[199,288,1677,1702]" pageId="1" pageNumber="112">Thorax</emphasis>
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. Ground color dark brown to yellowish brown with notopleural area yellow and scutellum yellowish at least in lateral part. Chatotaxy as in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF86FFF4FD1BF961FC9033DF" box="[732,831,1713,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF86FFF4FD1BF961FC9033DF" box="[732,831,1713,1738]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="112">Tephritis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; dorsocentral setae on transverse suture; posterior notopleural seta white and lanceolate; remaining setae brownish yellow, acuminate. Scutellum flat and microtrichose, with two pairs of setae; apical setae 0.4–0.6 times as long as basal one.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="796936B0FF86FFF7FF00F8CDFC1F35C0" blockId="1.[151,1436,1317,2031]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,2024]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="1" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF86FFF4FF00F8CDFEA73223" bold="true" box="[199,264,1821,1846]" pageId="1" pageNumber="112">Wing</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="E1ED2A35FF86FFF4FEDEF8CDFECD3223" box="[281,354,1821,1846]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[215,1367,203,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1378,195,1879]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. Heringina guttata, 1. Habitus, ♂. 2. Wing. 3. Head in profile. 4. Mesonotum. 5. Ejaculatory apodeme. 6. Spermatheca. 7. Aculeus apex. 8. Aculeus. 9. Apex of oviscape and eversible membrane. 10. Glans of phallus, lateral. 11. Epandrium and hypandrium, lateral left view. 12. Epandrium, posterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/231938/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="112">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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&
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<figureCitation id="E1ED2A35FF86FFF4FE4BF8CDFE063223" box="[396,425,1821,1846]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[209,1408,217,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[178,1409,193,1933]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 18. Heringina arezoana sp. nov., 13. Habitus, Holotype, ♂. 14. Mesonotum. 15. Wing. 16. Head in profile. 17. Male abdomen. 18. Female abdomen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/231939/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="112">15</figureCitation>
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) dark brown to yellowish brown, with round, entirely isolated hyaline spots in the disk (four of them forming a tetragon at the sides of r-m crossvein), and dark apical and marginal rays. Costal vein with 2 strong setae before costal break, each 0.8–0.9 times as long as width of costal cell. Pterostigma 2–2.5 times as long as wide. Vein R1 dorsally with a gap in row of setulae at level of Sc apex, and ventrally with few setulae in apical part. Cell r1 usually with 4 (rarely 5, very rarely 3) isolated hyaline spots. Vein R4+5 dorsally with 3–5 setulae dorsally at node, sometimes to crossvein r-m, and with 5–12 setulae between its base and r-m on ventral side, sometimes beyond the latter, to the level of crossvein dm-cu. Distance between crossveins r-m and dm-cu slightly longer than r-m crossvein. Cell bcu with short posteroapical extension.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="796936B0FF85FFF7FF00FF0FFB153455" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
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<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FF00FF0FFE9335ED" bold="true" box="[199,316,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Abdomen</emphasis>
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with densely microtrichose syntergite 1+2, sparsely microtrichose tergites 3–4 of male and 3–5 of female, tergite 5 of male and tergite 6 of female shining; tergites 3–5 (-6) black setulose over disk, with white and lanceolate marginal setae; tergite 5 of male also with long brown marginal setae (
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<figureCitation id="E1ED2A35FF85FFF7FBE3FEF7FB023455" box="[1060,1197,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[209,1408,217,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[178,1409,193,1933]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 18. Heringina arezoana sp. nov., 13. Habitus, Holotype, ♂. 14. Mesonotum. 15. Wing. 16. Head in profile. 17. Male abdomen. 18. Female abdomen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/231939/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Figs. 17–18</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="796936B0FF85FFF7FF00FE9CFAF434B9" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
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<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FF00FE9CFE273470" bold="true" box="[199,392,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Male terminalia</emphasis>
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. Epandrium oval with non-modified surstyli, as in
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<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FC15FE9CFB9B3470" box="[978,1076,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FC15FE9CFB9B3470" box="[978,1076,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Tephritis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; two pairs of prensisetae (
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<figureCitation id="E1ED2A35FF85FFF7FAA3FE9CFF1C349D" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[215,1367,203,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1378,195,1879]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. Heringina guttata, 1. Habitus, ♂. 2. Wing. 3. Head in profile. 4. Mesonotum. 5. Ejaculatory apodeme. 6. Spermatheca. 7. Aculeus apex. 8. Aculeus. 9. Apex of oviscape and eversible membrane. 10. Glans of phallus, lateral. 11. Epandrium and hypandrium, lateral left view. 12. Epandrium, posterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/231938/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Figs. 12</figureCitation>
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&
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<figureCitation id="E1ED2A35FF85FFF7FF21FEA0FEA9349D" box="[230,262,368,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 26" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1920,1943]" captionTargetBox="[162,1415,204,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,193,1899]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 26. Heringina arezoana sp. nov., 19. Aculeus apex. 20. Aculeus. 21. Apex of oviscape and eversible membrane. 22. Epandrium, posterior view. 23. Epandrium and hypandrium, lateral right view. 24. Glans of phallus, lateral. 25. Spermatheca. 26. Ejaculatory apodeme." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/231940/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">22</figureCitation>
|
||
); phallus with bare stipe bearing neither spines nor microtrichia; glans long, with conspicuously sclerotized basal part; no acrophallus; apical membranous lobes (“vesica”) longer than basal sclerotized part.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="796936B0FF85FFF7FF00FE67FD993728" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FF00FE67FE0834C5" bold="true" box="[199,423,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Female terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
. Oviscape about as long as last two tergites combined (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1ED2A35FF85FFF7FB92FE67FB0034C5" box="[1109,1199,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[209,1408,217,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[178,1409,193,1933]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 18. Heringina arezoana sp. nov., 13. Habitus, Holotype, ♂. 14. Mesonotum. 15. Wing. 16. Head in profile. 17. Male abdomen. 18. Female abdomen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/231939/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
). Aculeus gradually narrowing towards its tip and truncated apically: bluntly rounded without notch, but with one pair of small preapical steps (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1ED2A35FF85FFF7FE89FE2FFE33370D" box="[334,412,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 12" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[215,1367,203,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1378,195,1879]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 12. Heringina guttata, 1. Habitus, ♂. 2. Wing. 3. Head in profile. 4. Mesonotum. 5. Ejaculatory apodeme. 6. Spermatheca. 7. Aculeus apex. 8. Aculeus. 9. Apex of oviscape and eversible membrane. 10. Glans of phallus, lateral. 11. Epandrium and hypandrium, lateral left view. 12. Epandrium, posterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/231938/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
&
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1ED2A35FF85FFF7FE04FDD0FE4C370D" box="[451,483,512,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 26" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1920,1943]" captionTargetBox="[162,1415,204,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,193,1899]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 26. Heringina arezoana sp. nov., 19. Aculeus apex. 20. Aculeus. 21. Apex of oviscape and eversible membrane. 22. Epandrium, posterior view. 23. Epandrium and hypandrium, lateral right view. 24. Glans of phallus, lateral. 25. Spermatheca. 26. Ejaculatory apodeme." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/231940/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">20</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eversible membrane uniformly covered with short and blunt scales. Spermathecae teardrop shaped with narrowed neck.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="31CC653BFF85FFF7FF00FD97FE57302E" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="796936B0FF85FFF7FF00FD97FAE33176" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FF00FD97FEEE3775" bold="true" box="[199,321,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FE8DFD99FE123775" box="[330,445,585,608]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Heringina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FE8DFD99FE123775" box="[330,445,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Heringina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FD90FD97FD153775" box="[599,698,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FD90FD97FD153775" box="[599,698,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Tephritis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having two pairs of uncolored frontal setae, two orbital setae (posterior white, except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FE0DFDBCFD513790" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[458,766,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arnicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FE0DFDBCFD253791" box="[458,650,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Tephritis arnicae</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), short and white lateral vertical seta, no additional setulae on ocellar triangle, only one pair of postocellar setae, dorsocentral setae on transverse suture, apical scutellar seta present, at least 0.4 as long as basal one, posterior notopleural seta white (except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FB9EFD64FAB637D9" box="[1113,1305,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arnicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FB9EFD64FAB637D9" box="[1113,1305,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Tephritis arnicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FA40FD65FE9D37E5" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conura">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FA40FD65FF4937E5" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">T. conura</emphasis>
|
||
Loew
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), wing with strong seta on costa proximally of subcostal break, vein R1 dorsally with gap in row of setulae, vein R4+5 setulose ventrally to r-m, phallus without spines (except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FBC8FD2EFAE43602" authority="Merz" authorityName="Merz" box="[1039,1355,766,791]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conyzifoliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FBC8FD2EFAAC3602" box="[1039,1283,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Tephritis conyzifoliae</emphasis>
|
||
Merz
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), glans without spines or other sclerotized projections in basal part, moderately short and flattened, non-serrate aculeus and two spermathecae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FEB1FC9AFE463674" box="[374,489,842,865]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Heringina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FEB1FC9AFE463674" box="[374,489,842,865]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Heringina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from most species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FC80FC99FC053677" box="[839,938,841,866]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FC80FC99FC053677" box="[839,938,841,866]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Tephritis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having dark wing with widely isolated hyaline spots, including cell cua and anal lobe (pattern in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FCE2FCBDFBD63693" authority="Hering 1937" authorityName="Hering" authorityYear="1937" box="[805,1145,877,902]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carmen">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FCE2FCBDFC4C3690" box="[805,995,877,902]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Tephritis carmen</emphasis>
|
||
Hering 1937
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FB40FCBEFA3A3693" authority="Loew 1844" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1844" box="[1159,1429,877,902]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FB40FCBEFB543693" box="[1159,1275,877,902]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">T. pulchra</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D474B41FF85FFF7FACDFCBEFA223693" author="Loew" box="[1290,1421,878,902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Loew, H. (1844) Kritische Untersuchung der europaischen Arten des Genus Trypeta. Germar's Zeitschrift fur die Loew, H. (1862) Die europaische Bohrfliegen (Trypetidae). Wien, 128 pp." type="book" year="1844">Loew 1844</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FF01FC42FE7E36BF" authority="Loew 1844" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1844" box="[198,465,913,938]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FF01FC42FE9736BF" box="[198,312,913,938]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">T. simplex</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D474B41FF85FFF7FE80FC42FE6636BF" author="Loew" box="[327,457,914,938]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Loew, H. (1844) Kritische Untersuchung der europaischen Arten des Genus Trypeta. Germar's Zeitschrift fur die Loew, H. (1862) Die europaische Bohrfliegen (Trypetidae). Wien, 128 pp." type="book" year="1844">Loew 1844</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is similar but cua and anal lobe with partly fused spots), cell r2+3 with four rather than two or three hyaline spots, vein R4+5 setulose also dorsally, at least at base, cell r4+5 with anterobasal thickening (“bulla”), tergites 3–4 of male and 3–5 of female very sparsely microtrichose, tergite 5 of male and 6 of female shining (similarly, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FE42FBD3FD373109" authority="Richter" authorityName="Richter" box="[389,664,1027,1052]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corolla">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FE42FBD3FD913109" box="[389,574,1027,1052]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Tephritis corolla</emphasis>
|
||
Richter
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FD0AFBD4FC38310E" authority="Merz" authorityName="Merz" box="[717,919,1028,1051]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sauterina">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FD0AFBD4FCFF310E" box="[717,848,1028,1051]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">T. sauterina</emphasis>
|
||
Merz
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and occasionally within some other genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FF50FBF7FEB63155" box="[151,281,1063,1088]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tephritinae">Tephritinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but those species clearly differ at least by different wing patterns), as well as by blunt aculeus (aculeus conspicuously tapered towards its apex in all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FD13FB9BFC983171" box="[724,823,1099,1124]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FD13FB9BFC983171" box="[724,823,1099,1124]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Tephritis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and most related genera, except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FB60FB9BFA943171" box="[1191,1339,1099,1124]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FB60FB9BFA943171" box="[1191,1339,1099,1124]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Tephritomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="796936B0FF85FFF7FF00FBA0FE57302E" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
|
||
A monotypic Afrotropical genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FDFCFBBFFCE03192" authority="Merz 1999" authorityName="Merz" authorityYear="1999" box="[571,847,1135,1160]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Multireticula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FDFCFBBFFD61319D" box="[571,718,1135,1160]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Multireticula</emphasis>
|
||
Merz 1999
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its
|
||
<typeStatus id="A66D8812FF85FFF7FC60FBA0FC78319D" box="[935,983,1136,1160]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FBF1FBA0FA2D3192" authority="Bezzi 1924" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityYear="1924" box="[1078,1410,1135,1160]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Multireticula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perspicillata">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FBF1FBA0FB45319D" box="[1078,1258,1135,1160]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">M. perspicillata</emphasis>
|
||
(Bezzi 1924)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FE83FB44FE1831BE" box="[324,439,1172,1195]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Heringina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FE83FB44FE1831BE" box="[324,439,1172,1195]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Heringina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FE37FB43FDFF31B9" box="[496,592,1171,1196]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FE37FB43FDFF31B9" box="[496,592,1171,1196]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Tephritis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having similar set of setae on the head and thorax (including 2 pairs of frontal and scutellar setae), similar shape of the head, unmodified antennae, palpi, and epandrium, and the phallus lacking inner sclerotized structures of the glans, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FD35FB0BFCFB31E1" box="[754,852,1243,1268]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FD35FB0BFCFB31E1" box="[754,852,1243,1268]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Tephritis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FC4CFB0CFC5131E6" box="[907,1022,1244,1267]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Heringina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FC4CFB0CFC5131E6" box="[907,1022,1244,1267]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Heringina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FB75FB0CFA8A31E6" box="[1202,1317,1244,1267]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Heringina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FB75FB0CFA8A31E6" box="[1202,1317,1244,1267]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Heringina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mostly by having microtrichose abdominal tergites 3–6 (shining in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FCF4FAD0FC093002" box="[819,934,1280,1303]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Heringina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FCF4FAD0FC093002" box="[819,934,1280,1303]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Heringina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and a very acute, pointed aculeus (blunt, almost truncated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FEB3FAF4FE48302E" box="[372,487,1316,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Heringina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FEB3FAF4FE48302E" box="[372,487,1316,1339]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Heringina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="31CC653BFF85FFF6FF00FA97FE3137BD" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="796936B0FF85FFF7FF00FA97FE013301" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FF00FA97FE883075" bold="true" box="[199,295,1351,1376]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
The life history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FE3BFA98FDC0304A" box="[508,623,1352,1375]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Heringina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FE3BFA98FDC0304A" box="[508,623,1352,1375]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Heringina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains almost unknown. After mentioning “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FBABFA97FA9B304A" box="[1132,1332,1351,1375]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Trypeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmata">Trypeta gemmata</taxonomicName>
|
||
” on a list of fruit-fly species,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D474B41FF85FFF7FE41FABBFDBC3096" author="Boie" box="[390,531,1387,1412]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Boie, F. (1847) Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte mehrer Trypeta - Arten. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 8, 326 - 331." type="journal article" year="1847">Boie (1847)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
enumerated plants, in which he found larvae of the tephritids: “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FAE3FABCFEA530BD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hieracium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sabaudum">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FAE3FABCFEA530BD" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Hieracium sabaudum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FEDCFA5FFDD030BD" box="[283,639,1423,1448]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Chrysanthemum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leucanthemum">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FEDCFA5FFDD030BD" box="[283,639,1423,1448]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Chrysanthemum leucanthemum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FD57FA40FCE530BD" box="[656,842,1423,1448]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cnicus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palustris">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FD57FA40FCE530BD" box="[656,842,1423,1448]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Cnicus palustris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
und
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FC40FA5FFBF930B2" box="[903,1110,1423,1448]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Anthemis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arvensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FC40FA5FFBF930B2" box="[903,1110,1423,1448]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Anthemis arvensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”. It is however not obvious whether these data correspond to “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FDEEFA63FD1C30DE" box="[553,691,1459,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Trypeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmata">T. gemmata</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FCBFFA64FC4330DE" box="[888,1004,1460,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FCBFFA64FC4330DE" box="[888,1004,1460,1483]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">H. guttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or any other fruit fly species. Loew (1862) cited these data; later, they were repeated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D474B41FF85FFF7FD1BFA07FC2F30FA" author="Hendel" box="[732,896,1495,1520]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Hendel, F. (1927) 49. Trypetidae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region. Vol. 5. Stuttgart, 221 pp. + 17 pls." type="book" year="1927">Hendel (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D474B41FF85FFF7FC4CFA07FB8A30FA" author="Seguy" box="[907,1061,1495,1519]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Seguy, E. (1934) Dipteres (Brachyceres) (Muscidae Acalypterae et Scatophagidae). Faune de France, 28, 1 - 832, pls. I - XXVII pls. [Paris]" type="journal article" year="1934">Séguy (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D474B41FF85FFF7FBF7FA07FB7930FA" author="Richter" box="[1072,1238,1495,1520]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Richter, V. A. (1970) Family Tephritidae (Trypetidae) - fruit flies. In: Bei-Bienko, G. Ya. (Ed.), Keys to the insects of the European part of the USSR. Vol. V. Diptera. Siphonaptera. Part 2. Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 132 - 172. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1970">Richter (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D474B41FF85FFF7FAD7FA08FA3330FA" author="Merz" box="[1296,1436,1495,1519]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Merz, B. (1994) Diptera: Tephritidae. Insecta Helvetica Fauna, 10, 1 - 198. [HGE press, Geneva]" type="journal article" year="1994">Merz (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
without a critical review.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="796936B0FF85FFF7FF00F9F0FCCF3349" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">However, we were unable either to rear this species from any flower heads in the areas, where it occurs, or find any reliable records on rearing of this species in the collections.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="796936B0FF85FFF7FF00F9B8FD763205" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
|
||
From our personal field observations, the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FD2DF9B8FCF2336A" box="[746,861,1640,1663]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Heringina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FD2DF9B8FCF2336A" box="[746,861,1640,1663]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Heringina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in moderately dry grasslands and is always swept in connection with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FE71F95BFD6E33B6" box="[438,705,1675,1700]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helichrysum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arenarium">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FE71F95BFD6E33B6" box="[438,705,1675,1700]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Helichrysum arenarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Moench or other species of that genus, usually together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FF50F960FE7333DD" authority="Fallen" authorityName="Fallen" box="[151,476,1711,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Actinoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discoidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FF50F960FE2233DD" box="[151,397,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Actinoptera discoidea</emphasis>
|
||
Fallén
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which infests flower heads of that plant. As we have never reared
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FB02F960FA9933D2" box="[1221,1334,1712,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FB02F960FA9933D2" box="[1221,1334,1712,1735]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">H. guttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the flower heads, we suppose that its larvae possibly live in shoots. Once that host plant was mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D474B41FF85FFF7FA8DF903FF4C321A" author="Richter" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Richter, V. A. (1970) Family Tephritidae (Trypetidae) - fruit flies. In: Bei-Bienko, G. Ya. (Ed.), Keys to the insects of the European part of the USSR. Vol. V. Diptera. Siphonaptera. Part 2. Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 132 - 172. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1970">Richter (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but without reference to the original record.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="796936B0FF85FFF7FF00F8CCFA2032D6" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
|
||
We consider that the data of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D474B41FF85FFF7FDC4F8CBFD263226" author="Boie" box="[515,649,1819,1844]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Boie, F. (1847) Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte mehrer Trypeta - Arten. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 8, 326 - 331." type="journal article" year="1847">Boie (1847)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
actually could belong to species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FBD1F8CBFBD73221" box="[1046,1144,1819,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FBD1F8CBFBD73221" box="[1046,1144,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Tephritis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which also possess black wing patterns:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FE80F890FDF93242" authority="Loew 1844" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1844" box="[327,598,1855,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FE80F890FE1C324D" box="[327,435,1855,1880]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">T. ruralis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D474B41FF85FFF7FE00F8EFFDE13242" author="Loew" box="[455,590,1855,1879]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Loew, H. (1844) Kritische Untersuchung der europaischen Arten des Genus Trypeta. Germar's Zeitschrift fur die Loew, H. (1862) Die europaische Bohrfliegen (Trypetidae). Wien, 128 pp." type="book" year="1844">Loew 1844</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(infesting
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FD1EF890FCFE3242" box="[729,849,1856,1879]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hieracium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FD1EF890FCFE3242" box="[729,849,1856,1879]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Hieracium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.: see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D474B41FF85FFF7FC09F8EFFB21324D" author="Frauenfeld" box="[974,1166,1855,1880]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Frauenfeld, G. R. von (1861) Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Insekten-Metamorphose aus dem Jahre 1860. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 11, 163 - 174." type="journal article" year="1861">Frauenfeld 1861</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D474B41FF85FFF7FB58F890FA8D3242" author="Merz" box="[1183,1314,1855,1879]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Merz, B. (1994) Diptera: Tephritidae. Insecta Helvetica Fauna, 10, 1 - 198. [HGE press, Geneva]" type="journal article" year="1994">Merz 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FAFDF890FEE7326E" authority="Meigen 1830" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1830" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FAFDF890FA353242" box="[1338,1434,1856,1879]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">T. neesii</emphasis>
|
||
(Meigen 1830)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(infesting
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FE11F8B3FD483269" box="[470,743,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FE11F8B3FD2E3269" box="[470,641,1891,1916]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Chrysanthemum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leucanthemum">Leucanthemum</taxonomicName>
|
||
vulgare
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D474B41FF85FFF7FCF1F8B4FC12326E" author="Merz" box="[822,957,1891,1915]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Merz, B. (1994) Diptera: Tephritidae. Insecta Helvetica Fauna, 10, 1 - 198. [HGE press, Geneva]" type="journal article" year="1994">Merz 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Boie’s references to “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FB23F8B3FE9532B5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Chrysanthemum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leucanthemum">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FB23F8B3FE9532B5" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Chrysanthemum leucanthemum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FE4CF857FDF7328A" box="[395,600,1927,1952]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Anthemis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arvensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FE4CF857FDF7328A" box="[395,600,1927,1952]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Anthemis arvensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” might belong here), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FC44F858FB26328A" authority="Loew 1844" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1844" box="[899,1161,1927,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conura">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FC44F858FC41328A" box="[899,1006,1928,1951]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">T. conura</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D474B41FF85FFF7FC39F857FB2E328A" author="Loew" box="[1022,1153,1927,1951]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Loew, H. (1844) Kritische Untersuchung der europaischen Arten des Genus Trypeta. Germar's Zeitschrift fur die Loew, H. (1862) Die europaische Bohrfliegen (Trypetidae). Wien, 128 pp." type="book" year="1844">Loew 1844</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(infesting
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FAC3F858FAF1328A" box="[1284,1374,1928,1951]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FAC3F858FAF1328A" box="[1284,1374,1928,1951]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Cirsium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.: see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D474B41FF85FFF7FF05F87CFEEF32D1" author="Merz" box="[194,320,1964,1988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Merz, B. (1994) Diptera: Tephritidae. Insecta Helvetica Fauna, 10, 1 - 198. [HGE press, Geneva]" type="journal article" year="1994">Merz 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D474B41FF85FFF7FE8DF87BFD9A32D1" author="Diegisser" box="[330,565,1963,1988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Diegisser, T., Seitz, A. & Johannesen J. (2006) Phylogeographic patterns of host-race evolution in Tephritis conura (Diptera: Tephritidae). Molecular Ecology, 15 (3), 681 - 694. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 X. 2006.02792. x" type="journal article" year="2006">Diegisser et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which are now known to infest these plants, but certainly not to
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FAD2F87CFA2032D6" box="[1301,1423,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FAD2F87CFA2432D6" box="[1301,1419,1964,1987]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">H. guttata</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="796936B0FF85FFF6FF00F81FFEF335C1" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2024]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,680]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
|
||
According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D474B41FF85FFF7FEA5F800FE5032FD" author="Merz" box="[354,511,1999,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Merz, B. (1999 b) Phylogeny of the Palearctic and Afrotropical genera of the Tephritis Group (Tephritinae: Tephritini). In: Aluja, M. & Norrbom, A. L. (Eds.), Fruit Flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and Evolution of Behavior. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 629 - 669." type="book chapter" year="1999" yearSuffix="b">Merz (1999b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF85FFF7FDB2F81FFC4A32FD" authority="Bezzi" authorityName="Bezzi" box="[629,997,1999,2024]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Multireticula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perspicillata">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF85FFF7FDB2F81FFC3132FD" box="[629,926,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Multireticula perspicillata</emphasis>
|
||
Bezzi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(which is superficially similar to some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF84FFF6FF50FF49FEA535A5" box="[151,266,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Heringina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF84FFF6FF50FF49FEA535A5" box="[151,266,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Heringina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) induce stem galls on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF84FFF6FDCDFF47FD3635A5" box="[522,665,151,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helichrysum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF84FFF6FDCDFF47FD3635A5" box="[522,665,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Helichrysum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="01C17620FF84FFF6FD79FF48FCA835A5" box="[702,775,152,176]" name="Kenya" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Gall induction occasionally occurs also in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF84FFF6FAFEFF47FEF735C1" authority="Friedberg 1984" authorityName="Friedberg" authorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF84FFF6FAFEFF47FA3635A5" box="[1337,1433,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Tephritis</emphasis>
|
||
(Friedberg 1984)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="796936B0FF84FFF6FF00FF0FFD5B34C5" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF84FFF6FF00FF0FFE1D35ED" bold="true" box="[199,434,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Taxonomic position</emphasis>
|
||
. Most diagnostic characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF84FFF6FCDEFF31FC2335ED" box="[793,908,225,248]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Heringina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF84FFF6FCDEFF31FC2335ED" box="[793,908,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Heringina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
support its placement into
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF84FFF6FB03FF0FFA3435ED" box="[1220,1435,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Tephritis-Trupanea</emphasis>
|
||
group of genera (sensu Merz 1999) of the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF84FFF6FD28FED4FCCE3408" box="[751,865,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Tephritini">Tephritini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The combination of two dark frontal setae in combination with the presence of two pairs of scutellar setae and glans without acrophallus place
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF84FFF6FB25FEF9FAFA3455" box="[1250,1365,297,320]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Heringina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF84FFF6FB25FEF9FAFA3455" box="[1250,1365,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Heringina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into a common lineage with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF84FFF6FE5DFE9CFCD33471" authority="Latreille, Australotephritis Drew" authorityName="Latreille, Australotephritis Drew" box="[410,892,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF84FFF6FE5DFE9CFE523470" box="[410,509,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Tephritis</emphasis>
|
||
Latreille,
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF84FFF6FDB1FE9CFC9B3470" box="[630,820,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Australotephritis</emphasis>
|
||
Drew
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF84FFF6FC7EFE9CFB3C3471" authority="Merz" authorityName="Merz" box="[953,1171,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Multireticula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF84FFF6FC7EFE9CFBE33470" box="[953,1100,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Multireticula</emphasis>
|
||
Merz
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but their relationships remain unsolved. Distribution of morphological characters among them does not contradict the hypotheses that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF84FFF6FF50FE45FEA534B9" box="[151,266,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Heringina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF84FFF6FF50FE45FEA534B9" box="[151,266,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Heringina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
either is one of the basal groups in this complex or an ingroup of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF84FFF6FC29FE44FBFE34B8" box="[1006,1105,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF84FFF6FC29FE44FBFE34B8" box="[1006,1105,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Tephritis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Existing morphological data are insufficient for determination of its exact position.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="796936B0FF84FFF6FF00FE0DFE54374A" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">
|
||
In the Neighbour-joining analysis based only on COI sequences (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D474B41FF84FFF6FC59FE0CFBF934E1" author="Smit" box="[926,1110,476,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" refString="Smit, J. T., Reijnen, B. & Stokvis, F. (2013) Half of the European fruit fly species barcoded (Diptera, Tephritidae); a feasibility test for molecular identification. ZooKeys, 365, 279 - 305. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 365.5819" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Smit
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF84FFF6FC1BFE0DFBA434E0" box="[988,1035,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF84FFF6FBAEFE0DFA9D34E1" box="[1129,1330,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Heringina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF84FFF6FBAEFE0DFA9D34E1" box="[1129,1330,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Heringina guttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is placed within a monophyletic lineage together with other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF84FFF6FD17FE2FFC9C370D" box="[720,819,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF84FFF6FD17FE2FFC9C370D" box="[720,819,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Tephritis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, but as the basal branching is not supported by bootstraps higher than 50, it is impossible to say, whether it is actually an ingroup, or possibly a basal outgroup concerning the rest of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF84FFF6FE56FD97FE5C3775" box="[401,499,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF84FFF6FE56FD97FE5C3775" box="[401,499,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Tephritis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="796936B0FF84FFF6FF00FDBDFE3137BD" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">
|
||
We therefore do not consider possible synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF84FFF6FCD6FDBDFC2B3791" box="[785,900,621,644]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Heringina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF84FFF6FCD6FDBDFC2B3791" box="[785,900,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Heringina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF84FFF6FC55FDBCFC5A3790" box="[914,1013,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF84FFF6FC55FDBCFC5A3790" box="[914,1013,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Tephritis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BED64D33FF84FFF6FBF4FDBCFB693790" box="[1075,1222,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Multireticula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BA2EAA2FF84FFF6FBF4FDBCFB693790" box="[1075,1222,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Multireticula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
until more reliable evidences are obtained.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |