226 lines
18 KiB
XML
226 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.492.9246" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0daa0577-21b2-46c7-85ea-dbbc14e8bd90" ID-PMC="PMC4389216" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-492-107" ID-PubMed="25878543" ID-ZBK="8C3C5DD3742449EC9444E07917D82DBE" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-492-107" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 492" ModsDocTitle="Assembly of a micro-hotspot of caenogastropod endemism in the southern Nevada desert, with a description of a new species of Tryonia (Truncatelloidea, Cochliopidae)" checkinTime="1451244496674" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hershler, Robert, Liu, Hsiu-Ping & Simpson, Jeffrey S." docDate="2015" docId="F15C8BAD56D043A0B21BCBAA9BD77B37" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 492: 107-122" docOrigin="ZooKeys 492" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.492.9246" docTitle="Tryonia infernalis Hershler, Liu, & Simpson, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="F7DD4C5E-E128-48AC-BAAE-866B6980C869" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="114" masterDocId="FFDCCB3FF031FFAAFFEB4A43875EFF92" masterDocTitle="Assembly of a micro-hotspot of caenogastropod endemism in the southern Nevada desert, with a description of a new species of Tryonia (Truncatelloidea, Cochliopidae)" masterLastPageNumber="122" masterPageNumber="107" pageNumber="112" updateTime="1668160145823" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Assembly of a micro-hotspot of caenogastropod endemism in the southern Nevada desert, with a description of a new species of Tryonia (Truncatelloidea, Cochliopidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hershler, Robert</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liu, Hsiu-Ping</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Simpson, Jeffrey S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>492</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>107</mods:start>
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<mods:end>122</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.492.9246</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.492.9246</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-492-107</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">8C3C5DD3742449EC9444E07917D82DBE</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">8C3C5DD3742449EC9444E07917D82DBE</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152059143" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F7DD4C5E-E128-48AC-BAAE-866B6980C869" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F15C8BAD56D043A0B21BCBAA9BD77B37" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="112" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Taxon classification Animalia Littorinimorpha Cochliopidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="112" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/F7DD4C5E-E128-48AC-BAAE-866B6980C869" authority="Hershler, Liu, & Simpson" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tryonia infernalis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="infernalis">Tryonia infernalis Hershler, Liu, & Simpson</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="5" pageNumber="112">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="112" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tryonia infernalis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="infernalis">Tryonia infernalis</taxonomicName>
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Undescribed [
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Fontelicella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fontelicella" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Fontelicella</taxonomicName>
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and]
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tryonia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Tryonia</taxonomicName>
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species.-
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<bibRefCitation author="Williams, JE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science" pageId="13" pageNumber="120" pagination="1 - 62" title="Endangered aquatic ecosystems in North American deserts with a list of vanishing fishes of the region." volume="20" year="1985">Williams et al. 1985</bibRefCitation>
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: 32.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tryonia porrecta" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="porrecta">Tryonia porrecta</taxonomicName>
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.-
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<bibRefCitation author="Hershler, R" journalOrPublisher="Veliger" pageId="11" pageNumber="118" pagination="306 - 337" title="A systematic review of the hydrobiid snails (Gastropoda: Rissooidea) of the Great Basin, western United States. Part II. Genera Colligyrus, Eremopyrgus, Fluminicola, Pristinicola, and Tryonia." volume="42" year="1999">Hershler 1999</bibRefCitation>
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: 335.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="112" type="types">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Types.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
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USNM 883884 (a dry shell), Blue Point Spring, just below source, Clark County, Nevada,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="36.3894">36.3894°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-114.4329">114.4329°W</geoCoordinate>
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, 24 July 1988, R. Hershler. Paratypes (ca. 200 dry shell and alcohol preserved specimens), USNM 1266143 (from same lot).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="112" type="referred material">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Referred material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
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NEVADA. Clark County: USNM 883248 (coll. James J. Landye, 17-XII-1992), USNM 1098627 (coll. Donald W. Sada, 6-XII-2006), USNM 1146345 (coll. Andrew K. Schwaneflugel, 29-V-2008), USNM 1146420 (coll. DWS, 11-XII-2009), USNM 1248362 (coll. RH, 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–15–">-15-</normalizedToken>
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2014), USNM 854844 (coll. Saxon Sharpe, no date), Blue Point Spring.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="112" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
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Shell medium-sized, conic to turriform; penis having two distal papillae on the inner edge and a single basal papilla both on the inner and outer edges. Readily distinguished from geographically proximal and closely related
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tryonia clathrata" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clathrata">Tryonia clathrata</taxonomicName>
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by its smaller size, weaker shell sculpture, and smaller number of papillae on the inner edge of the penis. Differentiated from
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tryonia gilae" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gilae">Tryonia gilae</taxonomicName>
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(also distributed in the lower Colorado River basin) by its more convex teleoconch whorls, lateral expansion of distal bulb of penis, and in having a basal papilla on the inner edge of the penis. Differs from
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tryonia porrecta" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="porrecta">Tryonia porrecta</taxonomicName>
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, with which it was previously confused, by its smaller size, consistently weak shell sculpture, and much greater frequency of males.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
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Shell (Fig. 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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) up to 2.8 mm tall, large females having 5.00-5.75 whorls, spire height 100-133% width of shell, male shells smaller than those of females. Teleoconch whorls highly convex, evenly rounded. Aperture ovate, weakly angled adapically. Parietal lip complete, adnate, umbilicus narrow. Outer lip orthocline or prosocline, sometimes weakly sinuate. Sculpture of strong growth lines and a few weak spiral threads. Periostracum light brown. Shell parameters for a series of paratypes are given in Table 1.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
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Figure 4. Shells, opercula and radula,
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tryonia infernalis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="infernalis">Tryonia infernalis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. A Holotype, USNM 883884 B Male shell, USNM 1266143 C, D Opercula (outer, inner sides), USNM 1266143 E Portion of radular ribbon, USNM 1266143 F Central teeth, USNM 1266143 G Lateral and inner marginal teeth, USNM 1266143. Scale bars
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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: 1.0 mm; C, D: 200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–G">E-G</normalizedToken>
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: 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
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Table 1. Shell parameters for
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tryonia infernalis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="infernalis">Tryonia infernalis</taxonomicName>
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. Measurements are in mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
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<table pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" rowspan="1">WH</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" rowspan="1">SH</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" rowspan="1">SW</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" rowspan="1">HBW</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" rowspan="1">WBW</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" rowspan="1">AH</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" rowspan="1">AW</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" rowspan="1">SW/SH</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" rowspan="1">HBW/SH</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" rowspan="1">AH/SH</th>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
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<td colspan="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" rowspan="1">n</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
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Inner and outer sides of operculum smooth (Fig. 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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). Radula (Fig. 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–G">E-G</normalizedToken>
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): dorsal edge of central teeth concave, basal tongue V-shaped, median cusps elongate, distally pointed, lateral cusps
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<normalizedToken originalValue="four–six">four-six</normalizedToken>
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, basal cusps
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<normalizedToken originalValue="one–two">one-two</normalizedToken>
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, usually two (innermost larger; Fig. 4F). Lateral teeth having
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<normalizedToken originalValue="three–five">three-five</normalizedToken>
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cusps on inner and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="five–seven">five-seven</normalizedToken>
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cusps on outer side, length of outer wing about 200% width of cutting edge, central cusp pointed (Fig. 4G). Inner marginal teeth with 24-34 cusps, outer marginal teeth with 27-38 cusps. Radula data are from USNM 1266143.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="113">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="113" start="start">Animal</pageBreakToken>
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darkly pigmented. Penis (Fig. 5) having two distal and one basal papillae on inner edge and one basal papilla on outer edge (29 of 30 specimens); one specimen differed in having a single distal papilla along the inner edge. Distal bulb of penis expanded laterally on inner side, black; stylet small. Penial duct weakly undulating along most of length. Penial data are from USNM 1248362.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="113">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="113">
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Figure 5. Penis (dorsal surface),
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tryonia infernalis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="infernalis">Tryonia infernalis</taxonomicName>
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, USNM 1248362. Scale bar: 500
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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. Db distal bulb Pa distal papilla Pd penial duct.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="113" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="113">The specific epithet (infernalis) is a Latin adjective meaning hellish, and refers to the Valley of Fire, which is closely proximal to the type locality.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="114" type="distribution and habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="114">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="114" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
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and habitat.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="114">
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tryonia infernalis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="infernalis">Tryonia infernalis</taxonomicName>
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is known only from its type locality, a thermal (ca. 30 °C) rheocrene (discharging ca. 0.55 l/s;
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<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, DW" journalOrPublisher="Blue Point Spring near Valley of Fire State Park, NV" pageId="13" pageNumber="120" title="Water-data Report 2007. 09419547" url="http://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2007/pdfs/09419547.2007.pdf" year="2007">USGS 2007</bibRefCitation>
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) whose outflow forms a narrow (ca. 0.3 m) stream (Fig. 6A).
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tryonia infernalis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="infernalis">Tryonia infernalis</taxonomicName>
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is restricted to the upper 10 m of the spring run where it lives on silt and rocks. This species was considered to be extinct in 2002 following a series of unsuccessful searches, however it was subsequently
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“rediscovered”">"rediscovered"</normalizedToken>
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in a small, ponded reach above a weir plate associated with a USGS gaging station (Fig. 6B) in 2007 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Sada, DW" journalOrPublisher="Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas, NV" pageId="12" pageNumber="119" title="Environmental and biological characteristics of springs in Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Nevada and Arizona." url="http://irmafiles.nps.gov/reference/holding/146687?accessType=DOWNLOAD" volumeTitle="Report to Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Unietd States Park Service, Boulder City, Nevada and Great Basin Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit" year="2008">Sada and Jacobs 2008</bibRefCitation>
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; also see
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<bibRefCitation author="Bucklin, A" journalOrPublisher="Newsletter of Crustacean Molecular Techniques" pageId="10" pageNumber="117" title="Biennium report for the 1999 - 2001 Biennium" url="http://www.clarkcountynv.gov/Depts/dcp/Documents/Library/dcp%20reports/2002/99-01BiennRptwpicturesMDH.pdf" year="2002">CCDCP 2002</bibRefCitation>
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) and currently is abundant at this site (RH, personal observation).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="114">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="114">
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Figure 6. Photographs of Blue Point Spring. A Outflow channel; spring originates below one of the mesquite trees in the upper right (photograph taken on 24/III/2009) B Ponded area where
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tryonia infernalis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="infernalis">Tryonia infernalis</taxonomicName>
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occurs abundantly; the USGS gage house is in the lower left (15/V/2014).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="114" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="114">
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The reproductive anatomy of several females was studied to confirm that this species belongs to
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tryonia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Tryonia</taxonomicName>
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as currently defined (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hershler, R" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="11" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 53" title="Systematics of the North and Central American aquatic snail genus Tryonia (Rissooidea: Hydrobiidae)." url="10.5479/si.00810282.612" volume="612" year="2001">Hershler 2001</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |