184 lines
18 KiB
XML
184 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="AC3129D501850A4CD68410E97A92C893" ID-CLB-Dataset="30153" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4415.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f1f5d7f4-d946-4b3e-913c-48054bd05d37" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1241916" ID-ZooBank="41DE1572-F169-4177-B375-D806682534F6" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1525599462196" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Broadley, Adam, Kauschke, Ellen & Mohrig, Werner" docDate="2018" docId="DA1B8F1BE72AFFE7FF51FE54FC6B0A3E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4415.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4415 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bradysia spatitergum" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="234" masterDocId="2622F763E70BFFC6FFC6FFC6FF800F26" masterDocTitle="Black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) found in association with cultivated plants and mushrooms in Australia, with notes on cosmopolitan pest species and biosecurity interceptions" masterLastPageNumber="242" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="234" updateTime="1698541617955" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5A9922EECE9A25906699DEE4EF6D1FA4">Black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) found in association with cultivated plants and mushrooms in Australia, with notes on cosmopolitan pest species and biosecurity interceptions</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="90FA87C6BECE4F2E42C38398613EFD7B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="EF7DED060215F379CCA3878F0BC471F7">Broadley, Adam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9DF3CECAA840046C4884CA13B87B37F6">Kauschke, Ellen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6BAE90F82CDC9529CF30C80EE4B2F93C">Mohrig, Werner</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C2573BA8147BB4FC16B6CFAA55F079AE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="40C2854A58810BF64C71536365BEC685">
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<mods:date id="EE39B5D65C2266685BD6EDF9AD4B1C5A">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="407845E6D078232A4BCCA35E81BEBC09">2018-04-30</mods:number>
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<treatment id="DA1B8F1BE72AFFE7FF51FE54FC6B0A3E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5986315" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143811273" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5986315" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA1B8F1BE72AFFE7FF51FE54FC6B0A3E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA1B8F1BE72AFFE7FF51FE54FC6B0A3E" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
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<subSubSection id="1AA86D86E72AFFE7FF51FE54FEB50EE8" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="520D3E0DE72AFFE7FF51FE54FDCC0E8A" blockId="33.[151,588,402,462]" box="[151,588,402,428]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
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<heading id="09458961E72AFFE7FF51FE54FDCC0E8A" bold="true" box="[151,588,402,428]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE72AFFE7FF51FE54FDCC0E8A" ID-CoL="92CR3" authority="(Hardy, 1956)" baseAuthorityName="Hardy" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[151,588,402,428]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatitergum">
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<emphasis id="60C6E21FE72AFFE7FF51FE54FDCC0E8A" bold="true" box="[151,588,402,428]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
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<emphasis id="60C6E21FE72AFFE7FF51FE54FE1A0E8A" bold="true" box="[151,410,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Bradysia spatitergum</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="362343FCE72AFFE7FE6EFE54FDC40E8A" box="[424,580,402,428]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" refId="ref22669" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1956) New Hawaiian Sciaridae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 16 (1), 72 - 90." type="journal article">Hardy, 1956</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="520D3E0DE72AFFE7FF51FE73FEB50EE8" blockId="33.[151,588,402,462]" box="[151,309,437,462]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
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(
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<figureCitation id="CA892288E72AFFE7FF59FE73FEAC0EE8" box="[159,300,437,462]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox="[238,1365,195,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[225,1367,195,1951]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 14. Bradysia spatitergum (Hardy, 1956). A. Hypopygium, ventral side. B. Hypopygium, dorsal side. C. Flagellomeres 3–5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1241944/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Fig. 14 A–C</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1AA86D86E72AFFE7FF51FE38FEB90D49" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="520D3E0DE72AFFE7FF51FE38FC1F0D35" blockId="33.[151,927,509,531]" box="[151,927,509,531]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="72A21923E72AFFE7FF51FE38FC1F0D35" box="[151,927,509,531]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
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<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE72AFFE7FF51FE38FDD90D35" ID-CoL="8DV2G" authority="Hardy, 1956" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,601,509,531]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatitergum" subGenus="Lycoriella">
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<emphasis id="60C6E21FE72AFFE7FF51FE38FF590D35" box="[151,217,510,531]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Sciara</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="60C6E21FE72AFFE7FF2EFE3BFECF0D35" box="[232,335,509,531]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Lycoriella</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="60C6E21FE72AFFE7FE98FE38FE560D35" box="[350,470,510,531]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">spatitergum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="362343FCE72AFFE7FE1AFE3BFDD90D35" box="[476,601,509,531]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" refId="ref22669" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1956) New Hawaiian Sciaridae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 16 (1), 72 - 90." type="journal article">Hardy, 1956</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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[
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<treatmentCitation id="D313181CE72AFFE7FDA3FE3BFC990D35" author="" box="[613,793,509,531]" page="85" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
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<bibRefCitation id="362343FCE72AFFE7FDA3FE3BFD750D35" box="[613,757,509,531]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" refId="ref22669" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1956) New Hawaiian Sciaridae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 16 (1), 72 - 90." type="journal article">Hardy (1956)</bibRefCitation>
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: 85
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 10 a–c].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="520D3E0DE72AFFE7FF51FDFCFEB90D49" blockId="33.[151,1436,570,623]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
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<emphasis id="60C6E21FE72AFFE7FF51FDFCFE870D76" bold="true" box="[151,263,570,592]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Literature</emphasis>
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: Steffan (1968): 515; Steffan (1973a): 356; Menzel & Smith (2009): 28–29, figs 1.11–13; Mohrig (2016): 24–25, fig. 28 a–e.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="1AA86D86E72AFFE7FF51FD5AFE1B0B3B" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="520D3E0DE72AFFE7FF51FD5AFD7D0DFE" blockId="33.[151,1437,668,1305]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
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<emphasis id="60C6E21FE72AFFE7FF51FD5AFEE30D93" bold="true" box="[151,355,668,693]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Material studied</emphasis>
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:
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<specimenCount id="44B4F584E72AFFE7FEBFFD5AFE4D0D93" box="[377,461,668,693]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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,
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<date id="260C18CDE72AFFE7FE19FD5AFDD00D92" box="[479,592,668,692]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" value="2014-05-13">13.v.2014</date>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE72AFFE7FDA4FD5AFD4B0D93" box="[610,715,668,693]" name="Australia" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Australia</collectingCountry>
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, Melbourne, biosecurity intercept (Bottle 223993), on
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<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE72AFFE7FA98FD5BFE990DFE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpa">
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<emphasis id="60C6E21FE72AFFE7FA98FD5BFE990DFE" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Ficus microcarpa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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plants ex
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<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE72AFFE7FE4DFD79FE510DFE" box="[395,465,703,728]" name="China" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">China</collectingCountry>
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, leg. A. Czelusta (
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<collectionCode id="34A3A6C8E72AFFE7FD5BFD06FD710DFE" box="[669,753,704,728]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">PABM</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="520D3E0DE72AFFE7FF01FD22FD410C4E" blockId="33.[151,1437,668,1305]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
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The species was described from the Hawaiian Islands.
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<bibRefCitation id="362343FCE72AFFE7FCFBFD22FC570DDB" box="[829,983,740,765]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" refId="ref22701" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1960) Family Sciaridae. In: Zimmerman, E. C. (Ed.), Insects of Hawaii. A Manual of the Insects of the Hawaiian Islands, including on Enumeration of the Species and Notes on their Origin, Distribution, Hosts, Parasites etc. Vol. 10. University Hawaii Press, Honolulu. pp. 208 - 235." type="book">Hardy (1960)</bibRefCitation>
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reported the species from rotting sugar cane, rotting sweet potatoes and coffee grounds. Steffan (1968) collected this species in a banana plantation and on flowers in
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<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE72AFFE7FEC8FCEAFED20C63" box="[270,338,812,837]" name="Brazil" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingRegion id="9076F0EFE72AFFE7FE4FFCEBFE640C62" box="[393,484,813,836]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
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<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE72AFFE7FE4FFCEBFE640C62" box="[393,484,813,836]" name="Panama" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Panama</collectingCountry>
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</collectingRegion>
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, Menzel & Smith (2009) from the
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<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE72AFFE7FCAFFCEAFC610C63" box="[873,993,812,837]" name="Seychelles" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
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Islands and Mohrig (2016) from
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<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE72AFFE7FA91FCEBFEA40C4E" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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(Malaise trap) in an open landscape.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="520D3E0DE72AFFE7FF01FCB2FE1B0B3B" blockId="33.[151,1437,668,1305]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
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<emphasis id="60C6E21FE72AFFE7FF01FCB2FE330CAB" bold="true" box="[199,435,884,909]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Diagnostic remarks</emphasis>
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. The species is characterized by extraordinarily large gonocoxites and a very large IX tergite, both uniformly short haired. The gonostyli are small in comparison to the large gonocoxites. It is closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE72AFFE7FECBFC7BFD220CF3" authority="Mohrig, 2016" authorityName="Mohrig" authorityYear="2016" box="[269,674,956,981]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megahypopygialis">
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<emphasis id="60C6E21FE72AFFE7FECBFC7BFE7B0CF3" box="[269,507,956,981]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">B. megahypopygialis</emphasis>
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Mohrig, 2016
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE72AFFE7FD18FC7BFC7D0CF3" authority="Mohrig, 2016" authorityName="Mohrig" authorityYear="2016" box="[734,1021,956,981]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venusta">
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<emphasis id="60C6E21FE72AFFE7FD18FC7BFCD60CF2" box="[734,854,957,980]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">B. venusta</emphasis>
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Mohrig, 2016
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE72AFFE7FB81FC7BFAAA0CF3" box="[1095,1322,956,981]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE72AFFE7FAF1FC7AFE9C0CDE" baseAuthorityName="Hardy" baseAuthorityYear="1956" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatitergum">
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<emphasis id="60C6E21FE72AFFE7FAF1FC7AFE9C0CDE" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Bradysia spatitergum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from those two species by the presence of a distinct, dorsally inserted claw-like tooth on the apex of the gonostylus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1AA86D86E72AFFE7FF01FBE1FBD00BAE" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="520D3E0DE72AFFE7FF01FBE1FBD00BAE" blockId="33.[151,1437,668,1305]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
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||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE72AFFE7FF01FBE1FE510B66" bold="true" box="[199,465,1063,1088]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Economic importance</emphasis>
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. According to the literature it is not of any economic importance. It has not been detected in greenhouses or mushroom farms and is not known to breed en masse, but it is found in association with rotting plant material in the vicinity of farmland and has been distributed by humans.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1AA86D86E72AFFE7FF01FB52FC6B0A3E" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="520D3E0DE72AFFE7FF01FB52FC6B0A3E" blockId="33.[151,1437,668,1305]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
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||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE72AFFE7FF01FB52FED90B8B" bold="true" box="[199,345,1172,1197]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Widely distributed within the southern hemisphere from
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<collectingRegion id="9076F0EFE72AFFE7FC2CFB52FBBE0B8B" box="[1002,1086,1172,1197]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="9076F0EFE72AFFE7FB8CFB52FB1C0B8B" box="[1098,1180,1172,1197]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Central" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Central</collectingRegion>
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and South America to
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<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE72AFFE7FF51FB7FFEF90BF6" box="[151,377,1207,1232]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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. Also recorded from
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<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE72AFFE7FDB4FB71FD6D0BF6" box="[626,749,1207,1232]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE72AFFE7FD3DFB71FC040BF6" box="[763,900,1207,1232]" name="Madagascar" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE72AFFE7FC54FB71FC4C0BF6" box="[914,972,1207,1232]" name="India" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">India</collectingCountry>
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and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE72AFFE7FBF3FB71FB2D0BF6" box="[1077,1197,1207,1232]" name="Seychelles" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Mohrig 2016). The detection of this species during the on-arrival biosecurity inspection of a consignment of plants imported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE72AFFE7FF51FB39FF5A0A3E" box="[151,218,1279,1304]" name="China" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
suggests that it is present in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE72AFFE7FDDBFB39FDE00A3E" box="[541,608,1279,1304]" name="China" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
too but this needs to be confirmed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |