229 lines
25 KiB
XML
229 lines
25 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="EA555BE6F44699103C4B0CB1FCA357B2">Black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) found in association with cultivated plants and mushrooms in Australia, with notes on cosmopolitan pest species and biosecurity interceptions</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="460AAE066E83F62B922B5C16258ED00D">Kauschke, Ellen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7BF043115644CFDC901755B0459386A4">Mohrig, Werner</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4F2EBA6CCBD10A595C972BBC8568F47C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="052D20CF3951A628CB74927399583463">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="DA1B8F1BE71CFFD1FF51FCC8FDD008C4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5986301" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143811275" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5986301" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA1B8F1BE71CFFD1FF51FCC8FDD008C4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA1B8F1BE71CFFD1FF51FCC8FDD008C4" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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<subSubSection id="1AA86D86E71CFFD1FF51FCC8FEB40C6C" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="520D3E0DE71CFFD1FF51FCC8FD830C0E" blockId="23.[151,515,782,842]" box="[151,515,782,808]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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<heading id="09458961E71CFFD1FF51FCC8FD830C0E" bold="true" box="[151,515,782,808]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE71CFFD1FF51FCC8FD830C0E" ID-CoL="N5Z4" authority="(Loew, 1850)" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[151,515,782,808]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tilicola">
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<emphasis id="60C6E21FE71CFFD1FF51FCC8FD830C0E" bold="true" box="[151,515,782,808]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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<emphasis id="60C6E21FE71CFFD1FF51FCC8FEDD0C0E" bold="true" box="[151,349,782,808]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Bradysia tilicola</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="362343FCE71CFFD1FEAAFCC8FE7B0C0E" box="[364,507,782,808]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" refId="ref23902" refString="Loew, H. (1850) Dipterologische Beitrage. Vol. 4. J. J. Heine, Posen [Poznan], 44 pp." type="book">Loew, 1850</bibRefCitation>
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)
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="520D3E0DE71CFFD1FF51FCF7FEB40C6C" blockId="23.[151,515,782,842]" box="[151,308,817,842]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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(
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<figureCitation id="CA892288E71CFFD1FF59FCF7FEAB0C6C" box="[159,299,817,842]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1959,1981]" captionTargetBox="[171,1435,217,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,215,1919]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 10. Bradysia tilicola (Loew, 1850); (specimen from Europe). A. Hypopygium. B. Flagellomeres 4–5. C. Palpus. D. Fore tibia.E. wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1241936/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Fig. 10 A–E</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1AA86D86E71CFFD1FF51FCBCFE890CEA" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="520D3E0DE71CFFD1FF51FCBCFDEC0CA9" blockId="23.[151,1437,889,1157]" box="[151,620,889,911]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="72A21923E71CFFD1FF51FCBCFDEC0CA9" box="[151,620,889,911]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE71CFFD1FF51FCBCFE250CA9" ID-CoL="8DV37" authority="Loew, 1850" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,421,889,911]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tilicola">
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<emphasis id="60C6E21FE71CFFD1FF51FCBCFEA70CA9" box="[151,295,889,911]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Sciara tilicola</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="362343FCE71CFFD1FEEBFCBCFE250CA9" box="[301,421,889,911]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" refId="ref23902" refString="Loew, H. (1850) Dipterologische Beitrage. Vol. 4. J. J. Heine, Posen [Poznan], 44 pp." type="book">Loew, 1850</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
[
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<treatmentCitation id="D313181CE71CFFD1FE76FCBCFDE10CA9" author="" box="[432,609,889,911]" page="18" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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<bibRefCitation id="362343FCE71CFFD1FE76FCBCFDBA0CA9" box="[432,570,889,911]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" refId="ref23902" refString="Loew, H. (1850) Dipterologische Beitrage. Vol. 4. J. J. Heine, Posen [Poznan], 44 pp." type="book">Loew (1850)</bibRefCitation>
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: 18
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</treatmentCitation>
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].
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="520D3E0DE71CFFD1FF51FC5EFE890CEA" blockId="23.[151,1437,889,1157]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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<emphasis id="60C6E21FE71CFFD1FF51FC5EFEEE0C88" bold="true" box="[151,366,920,942]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Common synonyms</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE71CFFD1FEB8FC5EFDB20C88" ID-CoL="4VHQW" baseAuthorityName="Winnertz" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[382,562,920,942]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoena">
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<emphasis id="60C6E21FE71CFFD1FEB8FC5EFDB20C88" box="[382,562,920,942]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Bradysia amoena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(winnertz, 1867);
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<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE71CFFD1FD3CFC5EFBDC0C88" ID-CoL="894RH" authority="(Lintner, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Lintner" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[762,1116,920,942]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caldaria">
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||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE71CFFD1FD3CFC5EFC340C88" box="[762,948,920,942]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Bradysia caldaria</emphasis>
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(Lintner, 1895)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE71CFFD1FBAFFC5EFE850CEA" ID-CoL="4VHT3" authority="(Lintner, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Lintner" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coprophila">
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||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE71CFFD1FBAFFC5EFABB0C88" box="[1129,1339,920,942]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Bradysia coprophila</emphasis>
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||
(Lintner, 1895)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="1AA86D86E71CFFD1FF51FC13FC110BA2" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="520D3E0DE71CFFD1FF51FC13FC110BA2" blockId="23.[151,1437,889,1157]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE71CFFD1FF51FC13FE870CCD" bold="true" box="[151,263,981,1003]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Literature</emphasis>
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||
: winnertz (1867): 114–115 (as
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<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE71CFFD1FD8AFC10FD660CCD" authorityName="Winnertz" authorityYear="1867" box="[588,742,982,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoena">
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<emphasis id="60C6E21FE71CFFD1FD8AFC10FD660CCD" box="[588,742,982,1003]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Sciara amoena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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);
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<bibRefCitation id="362343FCE71CFFD1FD3AFC13FC200CCD" box="[764,928,981,1003]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" refId="ref23801" refString="Lintner, J. A. (1895 a) Sciara coprophila n. sp. The Manure fly (Ord. Diptera: Fam. Mycetophilidae). Annual Report of the New York State Museum, 48 (66), 391 - 397. [1894]" type="journal article">Lintner (1895a)</bibRefCitation>
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: 394–396, figs 4, 5 a–e, plate I, figs 1–4, 8, 9, 11, 11 a (as
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||
<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE71CFFD1FED8FC32FE560B2C" authorityName="Lintner. Genetics" authorityYear="1895" box="[286,470,1012,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coprophila">
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||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE71CFFD1FED8FC32FE560B2C" box="[286,470,1012,1034]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Sciara coprophila</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
);
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<bibRefCitation id="362343FCE71CFFD1FE2BFC32FD130B2C" box="[493,659,1012,1034]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" refId="ref23851" refString="Lintner, J. A. (1895 b) Sciara caldaria nov. sp. The Greenhouse Sciara. (Ord. Diptera: Fam. Mycetophilidae). Annual Report of the New York State Museum, 48 (66), 397 - 399. [1894]" type="journal article">Lintner (1895b)</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 397–399 (as
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<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE71CFFD1FCE5FC32FC430B2C" authorityName="Lintner" authorityYear="1895" box="[803,963,1012,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caldaria">
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<emphasis id="60C6E21FE71CFFD1FCE5FC32FC430B2C" box="[803,963,1012,1034]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Sciara caldaria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
);
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||
<bibRefCitation id="362343FCE71CFFD1FC1CFC32FB120B2C" box="[986,1170,1012,1034]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" refId="ref23276" refString="Johannsen, O. A. (1912) The fungus gnats of North America, Part IV. Bulletin of the Maine Agricultural Experimental Station, 200, 57 - 146. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 86614" type="journal article">Johannsen (1912)</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 120, 123, 136–137, plate III, figs 133, 144; Smith-Stocking (1936): 421-443, figs 1–3 (both as
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||
<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE71CFFD1FC55FBD5FBCB0B0E" authorityName="Lintner. Genetics" authorityYear="1895" box="[915,1099,1042,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coprophila">
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||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE71CFFD1FC55FBD5FBCB0B0E" box="[915,1099,1042,1064]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Sciara coprophila</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
);
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||
<bibRefCitation id="362343FCE71CFFD1FBA4FBD4FAAD0B0E" box="[1122,1325,1042,1064]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" refId="ref23634" refString="Lengersdorf, F. (1925) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Sciara Mgn. Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens, 81, 203 - 214." type="journal article">Lengersdorf (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 211, plate VII, fig. 29 (as
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||
<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE71CFFD1FEAEFBF4FD820B61" authorityName="Winnertz" authorityYear="1867" box="[360,514,1074,1095]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoena">
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||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE71CFFD1FEAEFBF4FD820B61" box="[360,514,1074,1095]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Sciara amoena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); Tuomikoski (1960): 129–132;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="362343FCE71CFFD1FC92FBF4FC7B0B61" box="[852,1019,1073,1095]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" refId="ref22290" refString="Freeman, P. (1987) British Sciaridae (Diptera): New species and records with notes on the Tuomikoski collection. Entomologist´s Monthly Magazine, 126, 51 - 55." type="journal article">Freeman (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 202, fig. 10;
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<bibRefCitation id="362343FCE71CFFD1FB4AFBF7FA190B61" box="[1164,1433,1073,1095]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" refId="ref21101" refString="Blaschke-Berthold, U. (1988) Larval taxonomy in Sciaridae. Verhandlungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg, Neue Folge, 30, 345 - 351." type="journal article">Blaschke-Berthold (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 347–350, figs 3, 8, 11; Menzel & Mohrig (2000): 147–151, figs 132–133 (all as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE71CFFD1FC3AFB96FB2E0B40" baseAuthorityName="Winnertz" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1020,1198,1104,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoena">
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE71CFFD1FC3AFB96FB2E0B40" box="[1020,1198,1104,1126]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Bradysia amoena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); Menzel
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||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE71CFFD1FAD1FB97FAC40B40" box="[1303,1348,1104,1126]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (2006): 63–64; Menzel
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||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE71CFFD1FEA0FBB6FE190BA2" box="[358,409,1134,1157]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(2013): 286–287; Mohrig
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||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE71CFFD1FD6EFBB6FD540BA2" box="[680,724,1134,1157]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (2013): 171–172.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1AA86D86E71CFFD1FF51FB6AFE4A0976" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="520D3E0DE71CFFD1FF51FB6AFDAA0ABB" blockId="23.[151,1437,1196,2018]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE71CFFD1FF51FB6AFEDD0BE3" bold="true" box="[151,349,1196,1221]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Material studied</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCount id="44B4F584E71CFFD1FEADFB6AFE430BE3" box="[363,451,1196,1221]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1980, Melbourne, ex lab. colony,
|
||
<collectionCode id="34A3A6C8E71CFFD1FC81FB6AFC0E0BE3" box="[839,910,1196,1221]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">ASCT</collectionCode>
|
||
00053385 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="34A3A6C8E71CFFD1FBCBFB6AFBDD0BE3" box="[1037,1117,1196,1221]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">PABM</collectionCode>
|
||
)/53386/53387 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="34A3A6C8E71CFFD1FAC9FB6AFADF0BE2" box="[1295,1375,1196,1220]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r09q-tgas" name="Agricultural Scientific Collections Unit" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">ASCU</collectionCode>
|
||
), leg. A.J. Stocker. The determination is not certain, since males were embedded in an artificial resin which deformed the specimens by shrinking. The wings show a slight aberrant venation in all three specimens which might be caused by artificial rearing in the laboratory culture. The typical macrotrichia on y are present in the specimens. The specimens that we examined were part of a lab colony originally sourced from a laboratory in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE71CFFD1FB1EFAFAFA900A72" box="[1240,1296,1340,1364]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(A. Stocker, personal communication). We have not seen any collected from the ‘wild’ yet. Until we do we must regard
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE71CFFD1FA42FAA7FF660ABB" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1850" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tilicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE71CFFD1FA42FAA7FF660ABB" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">B. tilicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as not recorded in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE71CFFD1FE7AFA42FDA60ABB" box="[444,550,1412,1437]" name="Australia" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="520D3E0DE71CFFD1FF01FA6FFE4A0976" blockId="23.[151,1437,1196,2018]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E2DA3450E71CFFD1FF01FA6FFE4A0976" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1841140144" country="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" location="Holarctic region" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE71CFFD1FF01FA6FFEB80AE6" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1850" box="[199,312,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tilicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE71CFFD1FF01FA6FFEB80AE6" box="[199,312,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">B. tilicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widespread in the
|
||
<location id="576D68D6E71CFFD1FDF5FA61FD700AE6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA1B8F1BE71CFFD1FF51FCC8FDD008C4:576D68D6E71CFFD1FDF5FA61FD700AE6" box="[563,752,1447,1472]" country="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" name="Holarctic region" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Holarctic region</location>
|
||
. It is common in flower pots, in glasshouses, and has been reared from fungi, tulip and lily bulbs, decaying onions, and young ling seedlings. In open landscapes, it has been found in gardens, farmland, alder carr woodland, moorland, and wetlands including fens, bogs, and sedge beds (Menzel
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE71CFFD1FF3AF9D3FEB4090B" box="[252,308,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006). In the southern hemisphere it has been reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE71CFFD1FC21F9D2FB27090B" box="[999,1191,1556,1581]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Tristan da Cunha</collectingCountry>
|
||
archipelago, where it was introduced by humans.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1AA86D86E71CFFD1FF01F99AFA920850" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="520D3E0DE71CFFD1FF01F99AFDE90808" blockId="23.[151,1437,1196,2018]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE71CFFD1FF01F99AFE370953" bold="true" box="[199,439,1628,1653]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Diagnostic remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The species can easily be identified as belonging to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE71CFFD1FBB5F99AFB580953" authorityName="Winnertz" authorityYear="1867" box="[1139,1240,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE71CFFD1FBB5F99AFB580953" box="[1139,1240,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Bradysia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the comb-like row of bristles at the apex of the fore tibia, a rather long R1 and more than 2 bristles on the basal palp segment. It is characterized by the 4th flagellomere with l/w index of 2.5, a deep sensory pit on the basal segment of the palpus, macrotrichia on the x and y wing veins, hypopygium without a basal lobe, gonostylus with a short tooth located dorsally and a dense group of longer apical/subapical spines and a trapezoid tegmen. The macrotrichia on x and y are especially good diagnostic characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="520D3E0DE71CFFD1FF01F8FFFA920850" blockId="23.[151,1437,1196,2018]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE71CFFD1FF01F8FFFE540874" bold="true" box="[199,468,1849,1874]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Economic importance</emphasis>
|
||
. The species is common in houses with plant pots but rare in greenhouses and mushroom cultures. It is usually a harmless cohabitant and does not cause economic damage to plants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1AA86D86E71CFFD1FF01F847FDD008C4" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="520D3E0DE71CFFD1FF01F847FDD008C4" blockId="23.[151,1437,1196,2018]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE71CFFD1FF01F847FED908BC" bold="true" box="[199,345,1921,1946]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Holarctic. For the southern hemisphere there is only one verified report, from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9076F0EFE71CFFD1FAEFF847FF600898" country="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" name="Tristan da Cunha" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE71CFFD1FAEFF847FF600898" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Tristan da Cunha</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
archipelago (Menzel
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE71CFFD1FE27F861FD950898" box="[481,533,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2013) [the report from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE71CFFD1FC84F860FC5C0898" box="[834,988,1957,1982]" name="New Zealand" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
|
||
New
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9076F0EFE71CFFD1FC44F863FC5C0898" box="[898,988,1957,1982]" country="Netherlands" name="Zeeland" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Zealand</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE71CFFD1FC37F860FAC70898" authority="Hutton, 1902" authorityName="Hutton" authorityYear="1902" box="[1009,1351,1957,1982]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE71CFFD1FC37F860FB230898" box="[1009,1187,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Sciara marcilla</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="362343FCE71CFFD1FB68F860FAC70898" box="[1198,1351,1958,1982]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" refId="ref23137" refString="Hutton, F. w. (1902) Additions to the Diptera Fauna of New Zealand. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 34 (1901), 179 - 196." type="journal article">Hutton, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is not certain (Mohrig & Jaschhof 1999: 96)].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |