307 lines
32 KiB
XML
307 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="848EA296E5D3C92B905C4FB4B1D7ED5F" ID-CLB-Dataset="30153" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4415.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f1f5d7f4-d946-4b3e-913c-48054bd05d37" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1241916" ID-ZooBank="41DE1572-F169-4177-B375-D806682534F6" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1525599462196" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Broadley, Adam, Kauschke, Ellen & Mohrig, Werner" docDate="2018" docId="DA1B8F1BE717FFDBFF51FA1FFD3C0B59" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4415.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4415 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bradysia strenua" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="230" masterDocId="2622F763E70BFFC6FFC6FFC6FF800F26" masterDocTitle="Black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) found in association with cultivated plants and mushrooms in Australia, with notes on cosmopolitan pest species and biosecurity interceptions" masterLastPageNumber="242" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="229" updateTime="1698541617955" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="81A5CB9841D1B3314ABAA576E644C597">Black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) found in association with cultivated plants and mushrooms in Australia, with notes on cosmopolitan pest species and biosecurity interceptions</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="09CC2F88BF407DBE356259284DAC361F">Broadley, Adam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CEC0D68BB5517C1D27A31FBC7A239046">Kauschke, Ellen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="22AD762EFFF4EE0359838B3B046474D3">Mohrig, Werner</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F28DE08487BA6EBBC0044BCD6FABB890">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="FA43628A686C474E4E1E6C7AD0B7029F">
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<mods:date id="6E4666FF07F0BB499207B9CD6AD31782">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6D52ED0276044DDFBCF384C12787561D">2018-04-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B5AFF0445807F675A75B4460A080BD35">4415</mods:number>
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<treatment id="DA1B8F1BE717FFDBFF51FA1FFD3C0B59" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5986309" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143811274" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5986309" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA1B8F1BE717FFDBFF51FA1FFD3C0B59" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA1B8F1BE717FFDBFF51FA1FFD3C0B59" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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<subSubSection id="1AA86D86E717FFDAFF51FA1FFEB60932" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="520D3E0DE717FFDAFF51FA1FFDBF0AD5" blockId="28.[151,575,1497,1557]" box="[151,575,1497,1523]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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<heading id="09458961E717FFDAFF51FA1FFDBF0AD5" bold="true" box="[151,575,1497,1523]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE717FFDAFF51FA1FFDBF0AD5" ID-CoL="N5XW" authority="(Winnertz, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Winnertz" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[151,575,1497,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenua">
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<emphasis id="60C6E21FE717FFDAFF51FA1FFDBF0AD5" bold="true" box="[151,575,1497,1523]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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<emphasis id="60C6E21FE717FFDAFF51FA1FFEE50AD5" bold="true" box="[151,357,1497,1523]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Bradysia strenua</emphasis>
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(Winnertz, 1867)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="520D3E0DE717FFDAFF51FA3AFEB60932" blockId="28.[151,575,1497,1557]" box="[151,310,1532,1557]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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(
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<figureCitation id="CA892288E717FFDAFF59FA3AFEAE0932" box="[159,302,1532,1557]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[173,1419,611,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,586,1963]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 16. Bradysia strenua (winnertz, 1867). A. Left side of the hypopygium in ventral view. B. Gonostylus. C. 4th flagellomere.D. Scutellum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1241948/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Fig. 16 A–D</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1AA86D86E717FFDAFF51F982FD3E097C" box="[151,702,1604,1626]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" type="description">
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<paragraph id="520D3E0DE717FFDAFF51F982FD3E097C" blockId="28.[151,954,1604,1656]" box="[151,702,1604,1626]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE717FFDAFF51F982FEAA097C" authorityName="Winnertz" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,298,1604,1626]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenua">
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<emphasis id="60C6E21FE717FFDAFF51F982FEAA097C" box="[151,298,1604,1626]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Sciara strenua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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winnertz, 1867 [winnertz (1867): 100]
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1AA86D86E717FFDAFF51F9A5FDDD09D5" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="520D3E0DE717FFDAFF51F9A5FC3A095E" blockId="28.[151,954,1604,1656]" box="[151,954,1634,1656]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="72A21923E717FFDAFF51F9A5FC3A095E" box="[151,954,1634,1656]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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=
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<emphasis id="60C6E21FE717FFDAFF6DF9A4FDBC095E" bold="true" box="[171,572,1634,1656]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE717FFDAFF6DF9A4FE70095E" ID-CoL="883DV" authority="Colless, 1962" authorityName="Colless" authorityYear="1962" box="[171,496,1634,1656]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="watsoni">
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||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE717FFDAFF6DF9A4FEDE095E" bold="true" box="[171,350,1634,1656]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Bradysia watsoni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="362343FCE717FFDAFEA3F9A4FE70095E" box="[357,496,1634,1656]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" refId="ref21515" refString="Colless, D. H. (1962) Insects of Macquarie Island. Diptera: Sciaridae. Pacific Insects, 4 (4), 955 - 957." type="journal article">Colless, 1962</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="7BF55F64E717FFDAFE30F9A4FDBC095E" box="[502,572,1634,1656]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">syn. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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[
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||
<treatmentCitation id="D313181CE717FFDAFD8EF9A4FC93095E" author="" box="[584,787,1634,1656]" page="955" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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<bibRefCitation id="362343FCE717FFDAFD8EF9A4FD63095E" box="[584,739,1634,1656]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" refId="ref21515" refString="Colless, D. H. (1962) Insects of Macquarie Island. Diptera: Sciaridae. Pacific Insects, 4 (4), 955 - 957." type="journal article">Colless (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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: 955
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
–957, fig. 1 a–g]
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="520D3E0DE717FFDAFF51F966FDDD09D5" blockId="28.[151,1436,1696,1779]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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<emphasis id="60C6E21FE717FFDAFF51F966FE870990" bold="true" box="[151,263,1696,1718]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Literature</emphasis>
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||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="362343FCE717FFDAFED3F966FE3D0990" box="[277,445,1696,1718]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" refId="ref21768" refString="Edwards, F. w. (1925) XXII. British fungus-gnats (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). with a revised generic classification of the family. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1925 (3 - 4), 505 - 670. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1925. tb 03369. x" type="journal article">Edwards (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 540;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="362343FCE717FFDAFE3AF966FD240990" box="[508,676,1696,1718]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" refId="ref21834" refString="Edwards, F. w. (1938) Notes on the Mycetophilidae (Dipt.) obtained by Dr C. B. williams in a light-trap at Harpenden, Herts. Journal of the Society for British Entomology, 1, 199 - 202." type="journal article">Edwards (1938)</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 201 (both as
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||
<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE717FFDAFCF3F967FC4B0990" ID-CoL="894TN" authorityName="Johannsen" authorityYear="1912" box="[821,971,1697,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varians">
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||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE717FFDAFCF3F967FC4B0990" box="[821,971,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Sciara varians</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
);
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||
<bibRefCitation id="362343FCE717FFDAFC27F967FB0F0990" box="[993,1167,1696,1718]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" refId="ref23540" refString="Laurence, B. R. (1994) Sciaridae (Dipt.) from East Anglian wetlands, with descriptions of new species. The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 130, 105 - 119." type="journal article">Laurence (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 118; weber
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||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE717FFDAFAD0F967FACB0990" box="[1302,1355,1696,1718]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(1995): 94–96;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="362343FCE717FFDAFED2F979FE4009F2" box="[276,448,1726,1748]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" refId="ref23576" refString="Laurence, B. R. (1996) Beyond the Red Data Book. Dipterists Digest, Second Series, 2, 85 - 89." type="journal article">Laurence (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 87 (all as
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||
<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE717FFDAFDE8F978FD7609F2" ID-CoL="8DTPJ" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[558,758,1726,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnipes">
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||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE717FFDAFDE8F978FD7609F2" box="[558,758,1726,1748]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Bradysia brunnipes</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
); Mohrig & Menzel (1993): 283–285, fig. 17 a–d;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="362343FCE717FFDAFB38F978FA1909F2" box="[1278,1433,1726,1748]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" refId="ref24068" refString="Menzel, F. (1998) Sciaridae. In: Chandler, P. (Ed.), Checklists of Insects of the British Isles. New Series. Part 1. Diptera (incorporating a list of Irish Diptera). Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, 12, pp. i - xix & 1 - 234, 20 - 24." type="journal article">Menzel (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 20; Menzel & Mohrig (2000): 142–143.
|
||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1AA86D86E717FFDBFF51F8D9FDC10FDE" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="520D3E0DE717FFDAFF51F8D9FDE1087A" blockId="28.[151,1437,1823,2029]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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<emphasis id="60C6E21FE717FFDAFF51F8D9FEEB081E" bold="true" box="[151,363,1823,1848]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Material studied</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9076F0EFE717FFDAFE4EF8D9FD39081E" box="[392,697,1823,1848]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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<emphasis id="60C6E21FE717FFDAFE4EF8D9FD39081E" bold="true" box="[392,697,1823,1848]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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<collectionCode id="34A3A6C8E717FFDAFE4EF8D9FE4B081E" box="[392,459,1823,1848]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93c9-w2q7" name="University of Newcastle" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">NEW</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="34A3A6C8E717FFDAFE26F8D9FD39081E" box="[480,697,1823,1848]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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SOUTH
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<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE717FFDAFD91F8D9FD39081E" box="[599,697,1823,1848]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">WALES</collectingCountry>
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</collectionCode>
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</emphasis>
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</collectingRegion>
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:
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<specimenCount id="44B4F584E717FFDAFD10F8E6FCB2081E" box="[726,818,1823,1848]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
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,
|
||
<date id="260C18CDE717FFDAFC8AF8D9FB92081E" box="[844,1042,1823,1848]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" value="1978-11">November 1978</date>
|
||
, Armidale, in soil and bulbs,
|
||
<collectionCode id="34A3A6C8E717FFDAFF51F882FF60087B" box="[151,224,1860,1885]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">ASCT</collectionCode>
|
||
00054275, leg. unknown (
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||
<collectionCode id="34A3A6C8E717FFDAFDC2F882FDD5087A" box="[516,597,1860,1884]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r09q-tgas" name="Agricultural Scientific Collections Unit" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">ASCU</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="520D3E0DE717FFDAFF01F8A1FA1D08CA" blockId="28.[151,1437,1823,2029]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E2DA3450E717FFDAFF01F8A1FD010882" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1841140162" collectingDate="1961-03-23" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="Langdon Point & K. Watson & In & Database No" country="Australia" location="TASMANIA" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="TASMANIA" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE717FFDAFF01F8A1FD2808A6" bold="true" box="[199,680,1895,1920]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9076F0EFE717FFDAFF01F8A1FEDD08A6" box="[199,349,1895,1920]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">TASMANIA</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE717FFDAFEB4F8A1FD2108A6" box="[370,673,1895,1920]" name="Australia" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">MACQUARIE ISLAND</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="44B4F584E717FFDAFD7BF8AEFC9A08A6" box="[701,794,1895,1920]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
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(
|
||
<typeStatus id="8D0980AFE717FFDAFCF6F8AEFC2108A6" box="[816,929,1896,1920]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingDate id="3648E125E717FFDAFC7DF8AEFBF608A6" box="[955,1142,1895,1920]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" value="1961-03-23">
|
||
<date id="260C18CDE717FFDAFC7DF8AEFBF608A6" box="[955,1142,1895,1920]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" value="1961-03-23">23 March 1961</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="FF475BDBE717FFDAFB4EF8A1FAB808A6" box="[1160,1336,1895,1920]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Langdon Point</collectorName>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="FF475BDBE717FFDAFA47F8AEFF6D0882" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">K. Watson</collectorName>
|
||
, M/61/
|
||
<collectorName id="FF475BDBE717FFDAFE86F84AFED80883" box="[320,344,1932,1957]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">In</collectorName>
|
||
/242,
|
||
<collectionCode id="34A3A6C8E717FFDAFE5DF84AFE600882" box="[411,480,1932,1956]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectorName id="FF475BDBE717FFDAFE2CF84AFD010882" box="[490,641,1932,1957]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Database No</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. 29, 0 0 6589 (PABM) and 0 0 6590 (PWMP). 2 males (paratypes),
|
||
<date id="260C18CDE717FFDAFA46F84AFEB108EF" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" value="1961-01-19">19 January 1961</date>
|
||
, Langdon Point, leg. K. Watson, M/61/In/48, ANIC Database No. 29, 0 0 6592 (ANIC) and 0 0 6593 (PABM).
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E2DA3450E717FFDAFEC0F812FA1D08CA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1841140161" box="[262,1437,2004,2029]" collectingDate="2009-10-27" collectionCode="SCBT" collectorName="Razorback Ridge, M" country="Australia" location="Macquarie Island" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="44B4F584E717FFDAFEC0F812FED708CB" box="[262,343,2004,2029]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="3648E125E717FFDAFEA3F812FDA908CA" box="[357,553,2004,2029]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" value="2009-10-27">
|
||
<date id="260C18CDE717FFDAFEA3F812FDA908CA" box="[357,553,2004,2029]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" value="2009-10-27">27 October 2009</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE717FFDAFDF0F812FD1F08CB" box="[566,671,2004,2029]" name="Australia" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, TAS,
|
||
<location id="576D68D6E717FFDAFD36F812FC3808CB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA1B8F1BE717FFDBFF51FA1FFD3C0B59:576D68D6E717FFDAFD36F812FC3808CB" box="[752,952,2004,2029]" country="Australia" name="Macquarie Island" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Macquarie Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="FF475BDBE717FFDAFC03F812FB3308CA" box="[965,1203,2004,2029]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Razorback Ridge, M</collectorName>
|
||
&P004
|
||
<collectionCode id="34A3A6C8E717FFDAFAC4F812FAC908CA" box="[1282,1353,2004,2028]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">SCBT</collectionCode>
|
||
, leg. P.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="520D3E0DE716FFDBFF51FF51FDC10FDE" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1151]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
|
||
Hudson & M. Potter,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE716FFDBFE5DFF51FD9D0F96" authorityName="Decaisne & Planchon" authorityYear="1854" box="[411,541,151,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Stilbocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE716FFDBFE5DFF51FD9D0F96" box="[411,541,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Stilbocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
beating (SAMA).
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E2DA3450E716FFDBFD3AFF5EFDBD0FDE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1841140155" collectionCode="PABM" collectorName="M. Houghton" location="Barcode of Life" municipality="GenBank" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="44B4F584E716FFDBFD3AFF5EFCE50F96" box="[764,869,151,176]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
, 2015, (
|
||
<location id="576D68D6E716FFDBFC01FF51FB030F96" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA1B8F1BE717FFDBFF51FA1FFD3C0B59:576D68D6E716FFDBFC01FF51FB030F96" box="[967,1155,151,176]" municipality="GenBank" name="Barcode of Life" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Barcode of Life</location>
|
||
MACQSCI; dx.doi.org/ 10.5883/DS-SCIAMACQ;
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="B269A477E716FFDBFE13FF7AFDBF0FF3" box="[469,575,188,213]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">GenBank</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
accession
|
||
<accessionNumber id="4DE1A3EEE716FFDBFD08FF7AFCD10FF3" box="[718,849,188,213]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MG647919" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">MG647919</accessionNumber>
|
||
) 54.49384 158.94148,
|
||
<collectingMethod id="8BF3461AE716FFDBFBB1FF7AFB7A0FF2" box="[1143,1274,188,213]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">pitfall trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE716FFDBFAD6FF7BFA1C0FF3" box="[1296,1436,188,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foliosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE716FFDBFAD6FF7BFA1C0FF3" box="[1296,1436,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Poa foliosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(tussock), leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="FF475BDBE716FFDBFEFAFF26FE530FDE" box="[316,467,223,248]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">M. Houghton</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="34A3A6C8E716FFDBFE27FF26FDB50FDE" box="[481,565,224,248]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">PABM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1AA86D86E716FFDBFF01FEC2FA9D0B35" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="520D3E0DE716FFDBFF01FEC2FBE50C81" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1151]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE716FFDBFF01FEC2FED20E3B" bold="true" box="[199,338,260,285]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Comments:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="362343FCE716FFDBFE9CFEC2FE7F0E3B" box="[346,511,260,285]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" refId="ref21515" refString="Colless, D. H. (1962) Insects of Macquarie Island. Diptera: Sciaridae. Pacific Insects, 4 (4), 955 - 957." type="journal article">Colless (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE716FFDBFDBAFEC3FD740E3A" authorityName="Colless" authorityYear="1962" box="[636,756,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="watsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE716FFDBFDBAFEC3FD740E3A" box="[636,756,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">B. watsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Macquarie Island, a subantarctic island located in the southwest Pacific Ocean about half way between New Zealand and Antarctica. In his paper, Colless noted that “the possibility cannot be entirely excluded, that the Macquarie I. species is an immigrant, already described in another country. However, in the literature available to me, I can find no definite evidence that this is so.” The type and a series of paratypes are deposited in the Australian National Insect Collection in Canberra. The male holotype is mounted in a card stub so detailed microscopic examination of it was difficult. However, we were able to select 3 male paratypes from the pinned material and slide mount them in Canada balsam. All 3 paratypes and a male specimen collected from the island in 2009 are identical to the figures given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="362343FCE716FFDBFB8EFE39FB730D3E" box="[1096,1267,511,536]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" refId="ref21515" refString="Colless, D. H. (1962) Insects of Macquarie Island. Diptera: Sciaridae. Pacific Insects, 4 (4), 955 - 957." type="journal article">Colless (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In the ASCU material we found one male specimen that was collected in 1978 from "soil and bulbs" in Armidale, New South Wales. This is the first Australian mainland record. All of these specimens are morphologically identical to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE716FFDBFF51FDAAFED80DA2" baseAuthorityName="Winnertz" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[151,344,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenua">
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE716FFDBFF51FDAAFED80DA2" box="[151,344,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Bradysia strenua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Europe. We also examined a female specimen collected from a pitfall trap on Macquarie Island in 2015 and found a 99–100% match for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE716FFDBFD6DFD57FC9D0D8E" baseAuthorityName="Winnertz" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[683,797,657,680]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenua">
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE716FFDBFD6DFD57FC9D0D8E" box="[683,797,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">B. strenua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
via sequencing and analysis of the cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) gene. The species may have been introduced to Macquarie Island in the 19th or early 20th century, when seal harvesting gangs were exploiting the island. Adults have been recorded on the island throughout the year; most commonly walking or flying under Macquarie Island cabbage (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE716FFDBFC9AFD38FBB40C31" box="[860,1076,766,791]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Stilbocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE716FFDBFC9AFD38FBB40C31" box="[860,1076,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Stilbocarpa polaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but they have also been found in tall grasslands, and on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE716FFDBFE7EFCE2FDB30C1D" box="[440,563,804,827]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="annua">
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE716FFDBFE7EFCE2FDB30C1D" box="[440,563,804,827]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Poa annua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE716FFDBFD84FCE4FC990C1D" authorityName="Hook fil" authorityYear="1844" box="[578,793,802,827]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Leptinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="plumosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE716FFDBFD84FCE4FC990C1D" box="[578,793,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Leptinella plumosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE716FFDBFC94FCE4FBDC0C1D" box="[850,1116,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Pleurophyllium hookeri</emphasis>
|
||
(van Klinken & Greenslade 2006). In Europe,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE716FFDBFEAAFC8EFE600C79" baseAuthorityName="Winnertz" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[364,480,840,863]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenua">
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE716FFDBFEAAFC8EFE600C79" box="[364,480,840,863]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">B. strenua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is free living and rather common in open fields. It is seldomly found in forests or caves. The larvae are herbivorous, perhaps mining in leaves, and they have been reared from decaying narcissus bulbs, potatoes, a mole nest, angelica root, and old ragwort stems (Menzel
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE716FFDBFC1BFC56FB8D0C81" box="[989,1037,910,935]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="520D3E0DE716FFDBFF01FC74FA9D0B35" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1151]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE716FFDBFF01FC74FE320CED" bold="true" box="[199,434,946,971]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Diagnostic remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The species is characterised by an elongate gonostylus with a rounded apex, a strong apical tooth and apically rounded tegmen with a small longer than wide area of teeth and short hairs on the inner ventral margin of the gonocoxites (in this latter character it differs from the similar species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95B2458EE716FFDBFB52FC3AFA8C0B35" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[1172,1292,1018,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE716FFDBFB52FC3AFA8C0B35" box="[1172,1292,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">B. pallipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1AA86D86E716FFDBFF01FBD8FAFD0B11" box="[199,1405,1054,1079]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="520D3E0DE716FFDBFF01FBD8FAFD0B11" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1151]" box="[199,1405,1054,1079]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE716FFDBFF01FBD8FE4D0B11" bold="true" box="[199,461,1054,1079]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Economic importance</emphasis>
|
||
. Not known to mass breed or to be a pest so unlikely to be of economic importance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1AA86D86E716FFDBFF01FB84FD3C0B59" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="520D3E0DE716FFDBFF01FB84FD3C0B59" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1151]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<emphasis id="60C6E21FE716FFDBFF01FB84FEE00B7D" bold="true" box="[199,352,1090,1115]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Holarctic:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE716FFDBFE19FB84FDB60B7D" box="[479,566,1090,1115]" name="Canada" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE716FFDBFD84FB85FD2B0B7D" box="[578,683,1091,1115]" name="Germany" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE716FFDBFD71FB85FC920B7D" box="[695,786,1091,1115]" name="Norway" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE716FFDBFCD8FB84FCEF0B7D" box="[798,879,1090,1115]" name="Poland" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE716FFDBFCBCFB84FC3D0B7D" box="[890,957,1090,1115]" name="Spain" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE716FFDBFC0EFB84FB090B7D" box="[968,1161,1090,1115]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE716FFDBFB50FB84FB7D0B7D" box="[1174,1277,1090,1115]" name="Australia" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(new record):
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9076F0EFE716FFDBFF51FBAEFEE20B59" box="[151,354,1126,1151]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
|
||
New South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE716FFDBFEDDFBA0FEE20B59" box="[283,354,1126,1151]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Wales</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9076F0EFE716FFDBFEABFBA0FE580B59" box="[365,472,1126,1151]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2AA57E9DE716FFDBFE20FBA0FD300B59" box="[486,688,1126,1151]" name="Australia" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Macquarie Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |