432 lines
55 KiB
XML
432 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="9396EC07DB904677F90FF8908344ADCE" ID-CLB-Dataset="4900" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3859.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d866af6f-cbcd-47f4-a4f3-1499c1789ae3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4930112" ID-ZooBank="24FCAAE1-AB7C-4FAD-8698-D0C9F12400EC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623442093486" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Hryniewicz, Krzysztof, Little, Crispin T. S. & Nakrem, Hans Arne" docDate="2014" docId="A2311D4D9F12E32904E6FBC5FE5A2E56" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03859p066.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3859 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Nucinella svalbardensis Hryniewicz & Little & Nakrem 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="5E0865359F19E3250471FFA5FFA82955" masterDocTitle="Bivalves from the latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous hydrocarbon seep carbonates from central Spitsbergen, Svalbard" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1699013068164" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BBC9DA5A7937EF5FC80CA353AA68CB16">
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<mods:title id="D9A1B3DFA6864CD569A82CAFD618272D">Bivalves from the latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous hydrocarbon seep carbonates from central Spitsbergen, Svalbard</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="DFBB11DD027E4ABDC5A1EDCE386BBD4C" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="4A918BA5D1A7F012DAAEC6C24C3BE67E">
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<mods:roleTerm id="771985DA74ADFABEE646DD1B55077765">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CAAD9948CCCAB6536A6CD8AF7B75E05E">Hryniewicz, Krzysztof</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="247BF3DF217CAFC89AB89203FFA5E545" type="email">krzysztof.hryniewicz@nhm.uio.no</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="D2CA014E53C12481859A95ED792E1E45" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9F75D5966D6DD5798451EA22D774E8E8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D4556FCF4AE5313C42FB19048E990E33">Little, Crispin T. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3E280DEBA2E0611079CD292D7D3A568B" type="email">earctsl@leeds.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="ED4211BEB0CC4B58B3FCE4709552D57E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="91202775DC12BBA8B2DAA93D1FB421FE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5992C7293D5A6481E56C104D2FE8B9E3">Nakrem, Hans Arne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F5DA1E9486BCB2CAD514C542FD54D0F3" type="email">krzysztof.hryniewicz@nhm.uio.no</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2D3FCEA6282084745DEABD0437531D43">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9FD61AC0A634DAEDD6DA98F9447B6E1A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="ACA381197D6AD92CDEA0B45B5E5BED29">
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<mods:date id="744D933F4528AD520A9F7ED982B21694">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="481851265B3EDCC05A67D356C62F5F2D">2014-09-02</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="F59E5B5314BCB87650D1B6B632C6ADFB" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="3EA6F3ABBCE086457F90D9CA4804924C">3859</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="A139A44A2AEE83F9D5B90F5E5BAA2E82" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="F8BB5C5ABCFFCFB3C3B119CDE9661E40">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="9F70CC6689ADF9421D0B09504B4D92A2">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="E6DF319D298F617889F3BCA2401EF034">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="49D3152BF931A3C998B8A488B28211AC" type="CLB-Dataset">4900</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5D89D3FCF72294585026DD57446DF449" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3859.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0DF67F5F53EDE0CD709676919E294B98" type="GBIF-Dataset">d866af6f-cbcd-47f4-a4f3-1499c1789ae3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9D6FD4E7B6D2BED1051B6911EBD648AA" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="250FED2FB047B9108F6B68EE9E9C92A0" type="Zenodo-Dep">4930112</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A2311D4D9F12E32904E6FBC5FE5A2E56" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4929756" ID-GBIF-Taxon="184646037" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4929756" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A2311D4D9F12E32904E6FBC5FE5A2E56" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A2311D4D9F12E32904E6FBC5FE5A2E56" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="6282FFD09F12E32E04E6FBC5FDB42D2F" box="[151,540,1120,1146]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F12E32E04E6FBC5FDB42D2F" blockId="11.[151,540,1120,1179]" box="[151,540,1120,1146]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<heading id="716F1B379F12E32E04E6FBC5FDB42D2F" bold="true" box="[151,540,1120,1146]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F12E32E04E6FBC5FDB42D2F" bold="true" box="[151,540,1120,1146]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F12E32E04E6FBC5FE102D2F" authority="Hryniewicz & Little & Nakrem, 2014" authorityName="Hryniewicz & Little & Nakrem" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,440,1120,1146]" class="Bivalvia" family="Manzanellidae" genus="Nucinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Solemyoida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="svalbardensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F12E32E04E6FBC5FE102D2F" bold="true" box="[151,440,1120,1146]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nucinella svalbardensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="03DFCD329F12E32E05CEFBC5FDB42D2F" box="[447,540,1120,1146]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6282FFD09F12E32E04E6FB27FD072DB5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F12E32E04E6FB27FEED2DCE" blockId="11.[151,540,1120,1179]" box="[151,325,1154,1179]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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(
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<figureCitation id="B2A3B0DE9F12E32E04EFFB27FE962DCE" box="[158,318,1154,1179]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1494,1516]" captionTargetId="figure-22@13.[171,1409,195,1969]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. (A–N) Nucinella svalbardensis sp. nov. (A–D) Lateral views of holotype showing shape of the articulated internal mould, anterior adductor muscle scar and possible anterior pedal retractor scar, rounded posterior margin and fine radial striations on internal mould surface. (E) Dorsal view showing weakly opisthogyrate umbo and deep ligament pit on the posterodorsal margin. (F) Anterior view showing anterior adductor muscle scar projecting weakly beyond pallial line. (G) Lateral view showing commarginal ornament on external shell surface. (H–I) Dorsal view of partially articulated specimen showing length of the cardinal teeth and relation of the possible ligament to the cardinal dentition. (J–K) Lateral view of the cardinal part of the hinge plate showing arrangement and shape of the cardinal teeth. (L) Ventral view of silicone rubber cast of the dorsal margin of articulated internal mould showing sabre-shaped lateral teeth and interlocked cardinal teeth. (M–N) Silicone rubber casts of right valve internal moulds showing two lateral teeth. (O–Q) Dacromya chetaensis Sanin, 1976. (O–P) Lateral and dorsal views showing shape of internal mould, taxodont dentition, anterior and posterior adductor muscle scars. (Q) Posterodorsal shell margin showing weak growth lines. (R–T) Mesosaccella rogovi sp. nov. (R) Lateral view of holotype left valve shell surface showing characteristic growth-line deflections around the posterior margin and carina subparallel to the dorsal margin. (S–T) Lateral view of left valve internal mould showing anterior adductor muscle scar, weak posterior adductor muscle scar and pallial line. (A–F) PMO 217.171, (G) PMO 224.978, (H–I) PMO 225.042, (J–K) PMO 224.981, (L–M) PMO 217.217, (N) PMO 225.020, (O–P) PMO 217.581, (Q) PMO 226.600, (R) PMO 224.971, (S–T) PMO 217.229. Scale bars 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5228091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5228091/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 5 A–N</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F12E32E04E6FB6FFD072DB5" blockId="11.[151,687,1226,1248]" box="[151,687,1226,1248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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2011
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<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F12E32E04BEFB6FFEF92DB5" box="[207,337,1226,1248]" class="Bivalvia" family="Manzanellidae" genus="Nucinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Solemyoida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F12E32E04BEFB6FFE9A2DB5" box="[207,306,1226,1248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nucinella</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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—Hammer
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F12E32E05BDFB6EFE512DB5" box="[460,505,1226,1248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
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., fig. 7f–g, tab. 2.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6282FFD09F12E32E04E6FAA8FD0B2C73" box="[151,675,1293,1318]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F12E32E04E6FAA8FD0B2C73" blockId="11.[151,1437,1293,2038]" box="[151,675,1293,1318]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F12E32E04E6FAA8FEB62C73" bold="true" box="[151,286,1293,1318]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Etymology.</emphasis>
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After the archipelago of
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<collectingCountry id="528FECCB9F12E32E0649FAA8FD372C73" box="[568,671,1293,1318]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Svalbard</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6282FFD09F12E32E04B4FA94FEF32FDB" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F12E32E04B4FA94FBF32C1F" blockId="11.[151,1437,1293,2038]" box="[197,1115,1329,1354]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F12E32E04B4FA94FECB2C1F" bold="true" box="[197,355,1329,1354]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<typeStatus id="F52312F99F12E32E04B4FA94FEA82C1F" box="[197,256,1329,1354]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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Seep 9, Knorringfjellet, Spitsbergen,
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<geoCoordinate id="4FACCA9C9F12E32E077AFA94FC062C1F" box="[779,942,1329,1354]" degrees="78" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" seconds="49.9" value="78.313866">78°18’49.9’’N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="4FACCA9C9F12E32E07C5FA94FBFF2C1F" box="[948,1111,1329,1354]" degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" seconds="58.9" value="16.183027">16°10’58.9’’E</geoCoordinate>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F12E32E04B4FAF0FBA02F13" blockId="11.[151,1437,1293,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F12E32E04B4FAF0FEDC2C3B" bold="true" box="[197,372,1365,1390]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="9AF0A6069F12E32E050DFAF0FDEA2CC7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3336546319" collectionCode="PMO" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCode="PMO 217.171" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="F52312F99F12E32E050DFAF0FE412C3B" box="[380,489,1365,1390]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode id="7A3E04209F12E32E0585FAF0FD3F2C3B" box="[500,663,1365,1390]" collectionCode="PMO" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">PMO 217.171</specimenCode>
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; a well preserved articulated internal mould showing external shape and anterior muscle scar arrangement
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="9AF0A6069F12E32E063DFADFFDE72CE3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3336546325" collectionCode="PMO" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCode="PMO 217.217" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="F52312F99F12E32E063DFADFFD152CC7" box="[588,701,1402,1426]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode id="7A3E04209F12E32E06B8FADCFCC42CC7" box="[713,876,1401,1426]" collectionCode="PMO" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">PMO 217.217</specimenCode>
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; an articulated internal mould and silicone rubber casts showing lateral teeth morphology
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="9AF0A6069F12E32E0628FA38FCBD2C8F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3336546321" collectionCode="PMO" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCode="PMO 224.978" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCode id="7A3E04209F12E32E0628FA38FD542CE3" box="[601,764,1437,1462]" collectionCode="PMO" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">PMO 224.978</specimenCode>
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; an articulated internal mould with shell partially preserved, showing external ornament of commarginal growth lines
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="9AF0A6069F12E32E076EFA64FC402CAB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3336546312" collectionCode="PMO" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCode="PMO 224.981" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCode id="7A3E04209F12E32E076EFA64FC692C8F" box="[799,961,1473,1498]" collectionCode="PMO" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">PMO 224.981</specimenCode>
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; an articulated internal mould and silicone rubber cast showing shape of cardinal teeth, as well as lateral teeth length
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="9AF0A6069F12E32E0782FA40FCFC2F77" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3336546320" collectionCode="PMO" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCode="PMO 225.020" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCode id="7A3E04209F12E32E0782FA40FB302CAB" box="[1011,1176,1509,1534]" collectionCode="PMO" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">PMO 225.020</specimenCode>
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; an articulated internal mould and silicone rubber casts showing lateral teeth length
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="9AF0A6069F12E32E0710F9ACFBAC2F13" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3336546317" collectionCode="PMO" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCode="PMO 225.042" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<specimenCode id="7A3E04209F12E32E0710F9ACFBAE2F77" box="[865,1030,1545,1570]" collectionCode="PMO" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">PMO 225.042</specimenCode>
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; an articulated internal mould with shell partially preserved showing the shape of the posteriormost cardinal teeth
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F12E32E04B4F9F4FEF32FDB" blockId="11.[151,1437,1293,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F12E32E04B4F9F4FE062F3F" bold="true" box="[197,430,1617,1642]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="3C9E67D29F12E32E05C4F9F4FDF82F3F" box="[437,592,1617,1642]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="generic">98 specimens</specimenCount>
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; mostly articulated or semiarticulated shells or moulds. See Appendix 1 for list of specimens.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="6282FFD09F12E32E04B4F93CFE9F2F83" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F12E32E04B4F93CFE9F2F83" blockId="11.[151,1437,1293,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F12E32E04B4F93CFEFF2FE7" bold="true" box="[197,343,1689,1714]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Dimensions.</emphasis>
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<quantity id="ED6001BE9F12E32E052CF93CFE752FE4" box="[349,477,1689,1714]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.325" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="0.35" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="13.25" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5–23 mm</quantity>
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in length,
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<quantity id="ED6001BE9F12E32E0625F93CFD732FE4" box="[596,731,1689,1714]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1499999999999995" metricValueMax="9.1" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="5.1499999999999995" valueMax="9.1" valueMin="1.2">1.2–9.1 mm</quantity>
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in height,
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||
<quantity id="ED6001BE9F12E32E0723F93CFC6C2FE4" box="[850,964,1689,1714]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" metricValueMax="8.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="4.6" valueMax="8.2" valueMin="1.0">1–8.2 mm</quantity>
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in width. See
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<figureCitation id="B2A3B0DE9F12E32E0015F93CFB5F2FE7" box="[1124,1271,1689,1714]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[231,1347,884,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-328@16.[229,1347,884,1934]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Measurements of Nucinella svalbardensis sp. nov. (in mm). (A) Height to length. (B) Width to length. (C) Width to height." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4930122" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4930122/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 6A–C</figureCitation>
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and Appendix 2B for details.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6282FFD09F12E32E04B4F944FDD32E4B" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F12E32E04B4F944FDD32E4B" blockId="11.[151,1437,1293,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F12E32E04B4F944FE972FAF" bold="true" box="[197,319,1761,1786]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A very large species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F12E32E0612F944FD782FAF" authorityName="Wood" authorityYear="1851" box="[611,720,1761,1786]" class="Bivalvia" family="Manzanellidae" genus="Nucinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Solemyoida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F12E32E0612F944FD782FAF" box="[611,720,1761,1786]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nucinella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with rounded posteroventral margin, and sabre-shaped lateral teeth, two in the right valve, one in the left.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6282FFD09F12E32904B4F88CFD692B4D" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F12E32904B4F88CFD692B4D" blockId="11.[151,1437,1293,2038]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,1688]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F12E32E04B4F88CFEFF2E17" bold="true" box="[197,343,1833,1858]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Shell very large, moderately inflated, equivalve, inequilateral, covered with commarginal growth lines. Umbo opisthogyrate, weakly projecting above dorsal margin, situated around ¼ of shell length. Anterodorsal margin weakly and evenly convex, passing smoothly into broadly arched anterior margin. Curvature of anterior margin even and symmetrical, with extremity around half distance from dorsal to ventral sides. Ventral margin weakly convex, roughly parallel to dorsal margin. Posterior extremity asymmetrically rounded, with ventral part of arch smoother than dorsal. Posterodorsal margin weakly concave, hosting deep ligament pit. Anterior adductor muscle scar elongated, attached to, and slightly projecting over, pallial line. Ventral part of anterior adductor muscle scar convex. Dorsal part of anterior adductor muscle scar narrow and long, connected with anterior part of lateral tooth; elongation possibly representing anterior pedal retractor scar, merged with anterior adductor muscle scar. Entire surface of anterior adductor muscle scar covered with commarginal lines. Surface of internal moulds covered with fine radial striae. Pallial line entire. Cardinal teeth diverse in shape; specimen measuring
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E3290152FE8CFAED2815" box="[1315,1349,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="ED6001BE9F15E329013DFE82FA33286A" box="[1356,1435,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length has eight teeth in left valve and seven in the right valve. Innermost cardinal teeth of right valve strong and long. Teeth get progressively smaller towards anterior and posterior extremities of hinge plate. Anteriormost cardinal tooth small, button-shaped. Lateral teeth long, thickest close to their anterior extremities, giving them characteristic sabre-like shape. In all specimens with investigated lateral teeth two laterals of right valve form a socket hosting single lateral of left valve. The socket is deepest close to anteriormost margin. Ligament external, dorsal to cardinal teeth. Detailed shape unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6282FFD09F15E32904B4FD81FE5A2E56" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F15E32904B4FD81FE8F2D45" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E32904B4FD81FE912B68" bold="true" box="[197,313,548,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F15E3290530FD81FDE72B68" authority="Hryniewicz & Little & Nakrem, 2014" authorityName="Hryniewicz & Little & Nakrem" authorityYear="2014" box="[321,591,548,573]" class="Bivalvia" family="Manzanellidae" genus="Nucinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Solemyoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="svalbardensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E3290530FD81FDE72B68" box="[321,591,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nucinella svalbardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E3290626FD81FD1A2B68" bold="true" box="[599,690,548,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="03DFCD329F15E3290626FD81FD1A2B68" box="[599,690,548,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F15E3290798FD81FE842B35" authority="Amano, Jenkins & Hikida, 2007" authorityName="Amano, Jenkins & Hikida" authorityYear="2007" class="Bivalvia" family="Manzanellidae" genus="Nucinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Solemyoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E3290798FD81FB682B69" box="[1001,1216,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nucinella gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E32900B9FD81FE842B35" author="Amano, K. & Jenkins, R. G. & Hikida, Y." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="84 - 90" refId="ref29386" refString="Amano, K., Jenkins, R. G. & Hikida, Y. (2007) A new gigantic Nucinella (Bivalvia: Solemyoida) from the Cretaceous cold-seep deposit in Hokkaido, Northern Japan. The Veliger, 49, 84 - 90." type="journal article" year="2007">Amano, Jenkins & Hikida, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the Cenomanian to Campanian hydrocarbon seeps of Hokkaido (Amano
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E32900D7FDECFB772B35" box="[1190,1247,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E329015DFDE2FF752BD0" author="Kiel, S. & Amano, K. & Jenkins, R. G." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="525 - 537" refId="ref35693" refString="Kiel, S., Amano, K. & Jenkins, R. G. (2008 a) Bivalves from Cretaceous cold seep deposits on Hokkaido, Japan. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 53, 525 - 537. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4202 / app. 2008.0310" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Kiel
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E3290115FDECFA342B35" box="[1380,1436,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) by its rounded posteroventral margin, less projecting beaks and greater shell inflation. The cardinal dentition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F15E329055EFD34FE592BFD" authorityName="Hryniewicz & Little & Nakrem" authorityYear="2014" box="[303,497,655,680]" class="Bivalvia" family="Manzanellidae" genus="Nucinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Solemyoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="svalbardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E329055EFD34FE592BFD" box="[303,497,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">N. svalbardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F15E3290770FD34FC242BF2" authorityName="Amano, Jenkins & Hikida" authorityYear="2007" box="[769,908,656,680]" class="Bivalvia" family="Manzanellidae" genus="Nucinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Solemyoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E3290770FD34FC242BF2" box="[769,908,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">N. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The slightly larger number of teeth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F15E32901F3FD34FE982B98" authorityName="Hryniewicz & Little & Nakrem" authorityYear="2014" class="Bivalvia" family="Manzanellidae" genus="Nucinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Solemyoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="svalbardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E32901F3FD34FA3D2BFD" box="[1410,1429,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E32904E6FD11FE982B98" box="[151,304,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">svalbardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F15E32905BBFD10FDE52B99" authorityName="Amano, Jenkins & Hikida" authorityYear="2007" box="[458,589,692,716]" class="Bivalvia" family="Manzanellidae" genus="Nucinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Solemyoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E32905BBFD10FE752B99" box="[458,477,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E329059AFD10FDE52B99" box="[491,589,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be explained by the larger size of the former species, since the number of cardinal teeth is a function of specimen size, as shown by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E3290706FD7DFB9E2BA5" author="La Perna, R." box="[887,1078,727,752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="571 - 577" refId="ref36332" refString="La Perna, R. (2004) Nucinella alibrandi (Conti, 1864) and N. seguenzae (Dall, 1898): the last European nucinellids (Bivalvia: Protobranchia). Rivista Italiana di Palaeontologia e Stratigrafia, 110, 571 - 577." type="journal article" year="2004">La Perna (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F15E3290159FD72FA3D2BA5" authorityName="Wood" authorityYear="1851" box="[1320,1429,727,752]" class="Bivalvia" family="Manzanellidae" genus="Nucinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Solemyoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E3290159FD72FA3D2BA5" box="[1320,1429,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nucinella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. According to Amano
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E32905F8FD58FE692A40" box="[393,449,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007) a single lateral is present in the both left and right valve of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F15E32900D8FD58FA842A41" authorityName="Amano, Jenkins & Hikida" authorityYear="2007" box="[1193,1324,764,788]" class="Bivalvia" family="Manzanellidae" genus="Nucinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Solemyoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E32900D8FD58FB142A41" box="[1193,1212,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E32900BBFD58FA842A41" box="[1226,1324,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, unlike in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F15E32904E6FC84FEFA2A6D" authorityName="Hryniewicz & Little & Nakrem" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,338,799,824]" class="Bivalvia" family="Manzanellidae" genus="Nucinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Solemyoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="svalbardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E32904E6FC84FEFA2A6D" box="[151,338,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">N. svalbardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A possible fossil nucinellid from the Triassic (Norian) seeps in Oregon (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E32900EAFCBAFA3D2A6D" author="Peckmann, J. & Kiel, S. & Sandy, M. R. & Taylor, D. G. & Goedert, J. L." box="[1179,1429,799,824]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="207 - 220" refId="ref38632" refString="Peckmann, J., Kiel, S., Sandy, M. R., Taylor, D. G. & Goedert, J. L. (2011) Mass occurrences of the brachiopod Halorella in Late Triassic methane-seep deposits, eastern Oregon. The Journal of Geology, 119, 207 - 220. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1086 / 658199" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Peckmann
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E329016BFC84FAFC2A6D" box="[1306,1364,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) has been only tentatively identified and comparison with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F15E329076FFCE0FC712A08" authorityName="Hryniewicz & Little & Nakrem" authorityYear="2014" box="[798,985,836,861]" class="Bivalvia" family="Manzanellidae" genus="Nucinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Solemyoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="svalbardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E329076FFCE0FC992A09" box="[798,817,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E3290731FCE1FC712A08" box="[832,985,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">svalbardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is at the present not possible.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F15E329015EFCE1FE982AD5" authorityName="Hryniewicz & Little & Nakrem" authorityYear="2014" class="Bivalvia" family="Manzanellidae" genus="Nucinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Solemyoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="svalbardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E329015EFCE1FE982AD5" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nucinella svalbardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from non-seep Mesozoic species by its much larger size. The Hettangian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F15E32904E6FC29FE522AF0" authority="Bistram, 1903" authorityName="Bistram" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,506,908,933]" class="Bivalvia" family="Nucinellidae" genus="Nuculina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Solemyida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liasina">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E32904E6FC29FEF92AF0" box="[151,337,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nuculina liasina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E3290529FC29FE522AF0" author="Bistram, A." box="[344,506,908,933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="116 - 214" refId="ref30048" refString="Bistram, A. Freiherr von (1903) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Fauna des unteren Lias in der Val Solda. Geologischpalaontologische Studien in den ComaskerAlpen, I. Berichte der naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Freiburg, 13, 116 - 214, pls. 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1903">Bistram, 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, of Val Solda (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E32906EEFC29FC922AF0" author="Bistram, A." box="[671,826,908,933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="116 - 214" refId="ref30048" refString="Bistram, A. Freiherr von (1903) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Fauna des unteren Lias in der Val Solda. Geologischpalaontologische Studien in den ComaskerAlpen, I. Berichte der naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Freiburg, 13, 116 - 214, pls. 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1903">Bistram 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is much smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F15E329004BFC28FB5C2AF0" authorityName="Hryniewicz & Little & Nakrem" authorityYear="2014" box="[1082,1268,908,933]" class="Bivalvia" family="Manzanellidae" genus="Nucinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Solemyoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="svalbardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E329004BFC28FBE52AF1" box="[1082,1101,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E329002AFC29FB5C2AF0" box="[1115,1268,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">svalbardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, reaching only a couple of millimetres in length.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F15E329065EFC0AFBFD2A9D" authority="Clausen & Wignall, 1990" authorityName="Clausen & Wignall" authorityYear="1990" box="[559,1109,943,968]" class="Bivalvia" family="Manzanellidae" genus="Nucinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Solemyoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="birkelundi">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E329065EFC0AFCB22A9D" box="[559,794,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nucinella birkelundi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E3290757FC0AFBFD2A9D" author="Clausen, C. K. & Wignall, P. B." box="[806,1109,943,968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="97 - 149" refId="ref30639" refString="Clausen, C. K. & Wignall, P. B. (1990) Early Kimmeridgian bivalves of southern England. Mesozoic Research, 2, 97 - 149." type="journal article" year="1990">Clausen & Wignall, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the Kimmeridgian of Southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="528FECCB9F15E3290575FC71FEC92AB8" box="[260,353,980,1005]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E3290503FC71FD3A2AB8" author="Clausen, C. K. & Wignall, P. B." box="[370,658,980,1005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="97 - 149" refId="ref30639" refString="Clausen, C. K. & Wignall, P. B. (1990) Early Kimmeridgian bivalves of southern England. Mesozoic Research, 2, 97 - 149." type="journal article" year="1990">Clausen & Wignall 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), is much smaller, in addition to being much higher, being 1.5 times high as long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F15E32904B4FBB9FE642D0D" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E32904B4FBB9FEFF2D60" bold="true" box="[197,343,1052,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Occurrence.</emphasis>
|
||
Seeps 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 12, 13, 14 and 15 (Upper Volgian–uppermost Ryazanian), Slottsmøya Member,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="528FECCB9F15E3290572FB9AFECF2D0D" box="[259,359,1087,1112]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Svalbard</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="671A99E09F15E3290504FB9AFE132D0D" box="[373,443,1087,1112]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,798,821]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Distribution of discussed species in the Svalbard seeps." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7EE7FCD39F1CE32004E6FCBBFCF62A60" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" tableUuid="7EE7FCD39F1CE32004E6FCBBFCF62A60">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F15E32904B6FBC1FD0C2CB0" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E32904B6FBC1FEDC2D28" bold="true" box="[199,372,1124,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Palaeoecology.</emphasis>
|
||
There are a number of reasons to suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F15E32907F7FBC1FB3C2D28" authorityName="Hryniewicz & Little & Nakrem" authorityYear="2014" box="[902,1172,1124,1149]" class="Bivalvia" family="Manzanellidae" genus="Nucinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Solemyoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="svalbardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E32907F7FBC1FB3C2D28" box="[902,1172,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nucinella svalbardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was a chemosymbiotic shallow burrower. First, chemosymbiosis was suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E3290748FB22FB812DF5" author="McLeod, R. J. & Wing, S. R. & Skilton, J. E." box="[825,1065,1159,1184]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="2097 - 2106" refId="ref37147" refString="McLeod, R. J., Wing, S. R. & Skilton, J. E. (2010) High incidence of invertebrate-chemoautotroph symbioses in benthic communities of the New Zealand fjords. Limnology and Oceanography, 55, 2097 - 2106. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4319 / lo. 2010.55.5.2097" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
McLeod
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E32907EFFB2CFC7F2DF5" box="[926,983,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the Recent species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F15E329015EFB22FE1F2D90" authority="(Hedley, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Hedley" baseAuthorityYear="1904" class="Bivalvia" family="Manzanellidae" genus="Nucinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Solemyoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E329015EFB22FEAC2D91" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nucinella maoriana</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E3290564FB09FE072D90" author="Hedley, C. F. L." box="[277,431,1196,1221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="182 - 212" refId="ref33901" refString="Hedley, C. F. L. S (1904) Notes on Australian Mollusca. Part VIII. The Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 29, 182 - 212, pls. 8 - 10." type="journal article" year="1904">Hedley, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because of the presence of light organic carbon in its tissues. Second, the presence of bacterial structures in the gills of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F15E3290665FB6AFBAA2DBD" authority="Oliver & Taylor, 2012" authorityName="Oliver & Taylor" authorityYear="2012" box="[532,1026,1231,1256]" class="Bivalvia" family="Manzanellidae" genus="Nucinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Solemyoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="owenensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E3290665FB6AFD532DB2" box="[532,763,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nucinella owenensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E3290775FB6AFBAA2DBD" author="Oliver, G. P. & Taylor, J. D." box="[772,1026,1231,1256]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="81 - 91" refId="ref38222" refString="Oliver, G. P. & Taylor, J. D. (2012) Bacterial symbiosis in the Nucinellidae (Bivalvia: Solemyida) with descriptions of two new species. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 78, 81 - 91. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / mollus / eyr 045" type="journal article" year="2012">Oliver & Taylor, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, led
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E3290048FB6AFAEA2DBD" author="Oliver, G. P. & Taylor, J. D." box="[1081,1346,1231,1256]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="81 - 91" refId="ref38222" refString="Oliver, G. P. & Taylor, J. D. (2012) Bacterial symbiosis in the Nucinellidae (Bivalvia: Solemyida) with descriptions of two new species. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 78, 81 - 91. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / mollus / eyr 045" type="journal article" year="2012">Oliver & Taylor (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to infer that chemosymbiosis may be common within the family, although some species are known to be active deposit feeders (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E329048AFAB2FDAA2C65" author="Oliver, G. P. & Taylor, J. D." box="[251,514,1303,1328]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="81 - 91" refId="ref38222" refString="Oliver, G. P. & Taylor, J. D. (2012) Bacterial symbiosis in the Nucinellidae (Bivalvia: Solemyida) with descriptions of two new species. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 78, 81 - 91. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / mollus / eyr 045" type="journal article" year="2012">Oliver & Taylor 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Third, large species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F15E3290746FAB2FC012C65" authorityName="Wood" authorityYear="1851" box="[823,937,1303,1328]" class="Bivalvia" family="Manzanellidae" genus="Nucinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Solemyoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E3290746FAB2FC012C65" box="[823,937,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nucinella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are common in fossil hydrocarbon seep deposits, suggesting a chemosymbiotic relationship (Amano
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E3290710FA98FC322C00" box="[865,922,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E3290799FA99FB002C00" author="Kiel, S. & Amano, K. & Jenkins, R. G." box="[1000,1192,1340,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="525 - 537" refId="ref35693" refString="Kiel, S., Amano, K. & Jenkins, R. G. (2008 a) Bivalves from Cretaceous cold seep deposits on Hokkaido, Japan. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 53, 525 - 537. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4202 / app. 2008.0310" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Kiel
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E3290051FA98FBF12C00" box="[1056,1113,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E32900C5FA99FA302C00" author="Hammer, O. & Nakrem, H. A. & Little, C. T. S. & Hryniewicz, K. & Sandy, M. & Hurum, J. H. & Druckenmiller, P. & Knutsen, E. M. & Hoyberget, M." box="[1204,1432,1340,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="15 - 26" refId="ref33604" refString="Hammer, O., Nakrem, H. A., Little, C. T. S., Hryniewicz, K., Sandy, M., Hurum, J. H., Druckenmiller, P., Knutsen, E. M. & Hoyberget, M. (2011) Hydrocarbon seeps from close to the Jurassic - Cretaceous boundary, Svalbard. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 306, 15 - 26. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2011.03.019" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Hammer
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E329016CFA98FAFE2C00" box="[1309,1366,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E32904E6FAFAFE252C2D" author="Peckmann, J. & Kiel, S. & Sandy, M. R. & Taylor, D. G. & Goedert, J. L." box="[151,397,1375,1400]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="207 - 220" refId="ref38632" refString="Peckmann, J., Kiel, S., Sandy, M. R., Taylor, D. G. & Goedert, J. L. (2011) Mass occurrences of the brachiopod Halorella in Late Triassic methane-seep deposits, eastern Oregon. The Journal of Geology, 119, 207 - 220. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1086 / 658199" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Peckmann
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E3290562FAC4FEE32C2D" box="[275,331,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F15E32905D3FAC4FDF42C2D" authorityName="Hryniewicz & Little & Nakrem" authorityYear="2014" box="[418,604,1375,1400]" class="Bivalvia" family="Manzanellidae" genus="Nucinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Solemyoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="svalbardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E32905D3FAC4FE1C2C2D" box="[418,436,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E32905B2FAFAFDF42C2D" box="[451,604,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">svalbardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, being up to
|
||
<quantity id="ED6001BE9F15E3290681FAFAFC972C22" box="[752,831,1375,1400]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, is the largest species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F15E32900B2FAFAFA982C2D" authorityName="Wood" authorityYear="1851" box="[1219,1328,1375,1400]" class="Bivalvia" family="Manzanellidae" genus="Nucinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Solemyoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E32900B2FAFAFA982C2D" box="[1219,1328,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nucinella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
currently known. However, some of the non-seep deep marine
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F15E3290696FA21FC042CC8" box="[743,940,1412,1437]" class="Bivalvia" family="Manzanellidae" genus="Nucinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Solemyoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E3290696FA21FCFC2CC8" box="[743,852,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nucinella</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also quite large, being up to
|
||
<quantity id="ED6001BE9F15E3290167FA21FACC2CCE" box="[1302,1380,1412,1437]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E32904EFFA02FE002C95" author="Thiele, J. & Jaeckel, S." box="[158,424,1447,1472]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="159 - 268" refId="ref41421" refString="Thiele, J. & Jaeckel, S. (1931) Muscheln der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia " 1898 - 1899, 21, 159 - 268." type="journal article" year="1931">Thiele & Jaeckel 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E32905C6FA02FD6C2C95" author="Matsukuma, A. & Okutani, T. & Tsuchi, R." box="[439,708,1447,1472]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="177 - 186" refId="ref37079" refString="Matsukuma, A., Okutani, T. & Tsuchi, R. (1982) Three new species of Nucinellidae (Bivalvia: Protobranchia) from the Pacific coast of Japan. Venus, 40, 177 - 186." type="journal article" year="1982">
|
||
Matsukuma
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E3290635FA0CFDD72C95" box="[580,639,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1982
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E32906A2FA0DFC292C95" author="La Perna, R." box="[723,897,1447,1472]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref36380" refString="La Perna, R. (2005) A gigantic deep-sea Nucinellidae from the tropical West Pacific (Bivalvia: Protobranchia). Zootaxa, 881, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2005">La Perna 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Hence, a relationship between size and seepassociation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F15E3290546FA69FE0C2CB0" authorityName="Wood" authorityYear="1851" box="[311,420,1484,1509]" class="Bivalvia" family="Manzanellidae" genus="Nucinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Solemyoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E3290546FA69FE0C2CB0" box="[311,420,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nucinella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not straightforward.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F15E32904B4FA55FC372FCD" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
In addition to seeps,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F15E32905C1FA4AFDB52F5D" authorityName="Wood" authorityYear="1851" box="[432,541,1519,1544]" class="Bivalvia" family="Manzanellidae" genus="Nucinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Solemyoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E32905C1FA4AFDB52F5D" box="[432,541,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nucinella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be found in a range of other shallow to deep marine modern environments (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E32904EFF9B1FE082F78" author="Allen, J. A. & Sanders, H. L." box="[158,416,1556,1581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="381 - 396" refId="ref29310" refString="Allen, J. A. & Sanders, H. L. (1969) Nucinella serrei Lamy (Bivalvia: Protobranchia), a monomyarian solemyid and possible living actinodont. Malacologia, 7, 381 - 396." type="journal article" year="1969">Allen & Sanders 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E32905DDF9B1FD1B2F78" author="Matsukuma, A. & Okutani, T. & Tsuchi, R." box="[428,691,1556,1581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="177 - 186" refId="ref37079" refString="Matsukuma, A., Okutani, T. & Tsuchi, R. (1982) Three new species of Nucinellidae (Bivalvia: Protobranchia) from the Pacific coast of Japan. Venus, 40, 177 - 186." type="journal article" year="1982">
|
||
Matsukuma
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E3290646F9B0FDD92F78" box="[567,625,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1982
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E32906CEF9B1FC712F78" author="Okutani, T. & Iwasaki, N." box="[703,985,1556,1581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref37864" refString="Okutani, T. & Iwasaki, N. (2003) Noteworthy abyssal mollusks (excluding vesicomyid bivalves) collected from the Nankai Trough off Shikoku by ROV Kaiko of the Japan marine Science & Technology Center. Venus, 62, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2003">Okutani & Iwasaki 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E3290794F9B1FB262F78" author="La Perna, R." box="[997,1166,1556,1581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="571 - 577" refId="ref36332" refString="La Perna, R. (2004) Nucinella alibrandi (Conti, 1864) and N. seguenzae (Dall, 1898): the last European nucinellids (Bivalvia: Protobranchia). Rivista Italiana di Palaeontologia e Stratigrafia, 110, 571 - 577." type="journal article" year="2004">La Perna 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), including organic-rich sediments in fjords (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E32905F0F992FDC32F05" author="McLeod, R. J. & Wing, S. R. & Skilton, J. E." box="[385,619,1591,1616]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="2097 - 2106" refId="ref37147" refString="McLeod, R. J., Wing, S. R. & Skilton, J. E. (2010) High incidence of invertebrate-chemoautotroph symbioses in benthic communities of the New Zealand fjords. Limnology and Oceanography, 55, 2097 - 2106. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4319 / lo. 2010.55.5.2097" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
McLeod
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E329059AF99CFD8E2F05" box="[491,550,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and at oxygen-minimum zones (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E3290782F992FB5C2F05" author="Oliver, G. P. & Taylor, J. D." box="[1011,1268,1591,1616]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="81 - 91" refId="ref38222" refString="Oliver, G. P. & Taylor, J. D. (2012) Bacterial symbiosis in the Nucinellidae (Bivalvia: Solemyida) with descriptions of two new species. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 78, 81 - 91. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / mollus / eyr 045" type="journal article" year="2012">Oliver & Taylor 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As a fossil it occurs in a range of post-Triassic marine deposits (i.e.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E329068DF9F9FC282F20" author="Wood, S. V." box="[764,896,1628,1653]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref42640" refString="Wood, S. V. (1851) Monograph of the Crag Mollusca with descriptions of shells from the Upper Tertiaries of the British Isles. Part 2. Bivalves. Palaeontographical Society Monographs, 4, 1 - 150, pls. 1 - 12. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 25879" type="journal article" year="1851">Wood 1851</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E32907FDF9F9FB8F2F20" author="Bistram, A." box="[908,1063,1628,1653]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="116 - 214" refId="ref30048" refString="Bistram, A. Freiherr von (1903) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Fauna des unteren Lias in der Val Solda. Geologischpalaontologische Studien in den ComaskerAlpen, I. Berichte der naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Freiburg, 13, 116 - 214, pls. 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1903">Bistram 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E3290042F9F9FB112F20" author="Vokes, H. E." box="[1075,1209,1628,1653]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="652 - 671" refId="ref41968" refString="Vokes, H. E. (1956) Notes on Nucinellidae (Pelecypoda) with description of a new species from the Eocene of Oregon. Journal of Paleontology, 30, 652 - 671." type="journal article" year="1956">Vokes 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E32900B4F9F9FF7B2FCD" author="Clausen, C. K. & Wignall, P. B." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="97 - 149" refId="ref30639" refString="Clausen, C. K. & Wignall, P. B. (1990) Early Kimmeridgian bivalves of southern England. Mesozoic Research, 2, 97 - 149." type="journal article" year="1990">Clausen & Wignall 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E32904ACF9DAFE7B2FCD" author="Studencka, B. & Gontsharova, I. A. & Popov, S. Y." box="[221,467,1663,1688]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="285 - 342" refId="ref40853" refString="Studencka, B., Gontsharova, I. A. & Popov, S. Y. (1998) The bivalve faunas as a basis for reconstruction of the Middle Miocene history of Paratethys. Acta Geologica Polonica, 48, 285 - 342." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Studencka
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E3290528F924FE392FCD" box="[345,401,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E32905AFF9DAFD7B2FCD" author="Harries, P. J. & Little, C. T. S." box="[478,723,1663,1688]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="39 - 66" refId="ref33827" refString="Harries, P. J. & Little, C. T. S. (1999) The early Toarcian (Early Jurassic) and the Cenomanian - Turonian (Late Cretaceous) mass extinctions: similarities and contrasts. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 154, 39 - 66. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / s 0031 - 0182 (99) 00086 - 3" type="journal article" year="1999">Harries & Little 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E32906AEF9DAFC3B2FCD" author="Schneider, S." box="[735,915,1663,1688]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="402 - 417" refId="ref39831" refString="Schneider, S. (2008) The bivalve fauna from the Ortenburg Marine Sands in the well-core " Strass " (Early Miocene, SE Germany) - taxonomy, stratigraphy, paleoecology and paleogeography. Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 82, 402 - 417. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 03184430" type="journal article" year="2008">Schneider 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F15E32904E6F94CFE5A2E56" blockId="12.[151,498,1769,1795]" box="[151,498,1769,1795]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F15E32904E6F94CFE5A2E56" bold="true" box="[151,498,1769,1795]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F15E329049DF94CFE5A2E56" authority="Dall, 1889" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1889" box="[236,498,1769,1795]" order="Nuculoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="order">
|
||
Nuculoida
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F15E3290505F94CFE5A2E56" author="Dall, W. H." box="[372,498,1769,1795]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="445 - 461" refId="ref31127" refString="Dall, W. H. (1889) On the hinge of pelecypods and its development, with an attempt toward a better subdivision of the group. American Journal of Science, 38, 445 - 461. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2475 / ajs. s 3 - 38.228.445" type="journal article" year="1889">Dall, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |