treatments-xml/data/6E/6B/0B/6E6B0B38AD33062EFF76C29669ABFD0C.xml

<document id="4D020A11AE0B9D97F950CDD32400D2FA" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.181173" ID-GBIF-Dataset="02fb0673-0e2f-4023-a87b-4c5eed1dffc8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="181173" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459827966969" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="An, Old Ř Ich Ř Í Č &amp; Kullander, Sven O." docDate="2008" docId="6E6B0B38AD33062EFF76C29669ABFD0C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01724p051.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1724" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Australoheros forquilha An &amp; Kullander, 2008, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="92527340AD3E0638FFE1C4466D78FF8A" masterDocTitle="The Australoheros (Teleostei: Cichlidae) species of the Uruguay and Paraná River drainages" masterLastPageNumber="51" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1698222550092" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="5DBA090817CAEEAC9504B55C1A8E7B8E">The Australoheros (Teleostei: Cichlidae) species of the Uruguay and Paraná River drainages</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="164405A74A18EAF1A0AC8540735DD6D2">An, Old Ř Ich Ř Í Č</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C3CF98151833EA9583A3CBE46D6E43C8">Kullander, Sven O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C8828CD4458A0BE9F3D2CC041F4E49A0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C9E7F45D98A03069E4009FFBF9BE51E0">2008</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="308D038B2B003844EBE834B02BF42C56" type="volume">
<mods:number id="9186549E9E8B6DF90916CA7DE7A330A6">1724</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="29DD1126D8080D40D14E9E0DB51AF171" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.181173</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6E6B0B38AD33062EFF76C29669ABFD0C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5669030" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119357290" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5669030" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E6B0B38AD33062EFF76C29669ABFD0C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E6B0B38AD33062EFF76C29669ABFD0C" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection id="AED8E9A5AD330635FF76C2966D97F887" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD330635FF76C2966F5FF960" blockId="13.[151,551,1744,1805]" box="[151,551,1744,1770]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="BD350D42AD330635FF76C2966F5FF960" bold="true" box="[151,551,1744,1770]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD330635FF76C2966F5FF960" bold="true" box="[151,551,1744,1770]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD330635FF76C2966CC3F960" ID-CoL="689CB" box="[151,443,1744,1770]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD330635FF76C2966CC3F960" bold="true" box="[151,443,1744,1770]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Australoheros forquilha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CF85DB47AD330635FE2BC2966F5FF960" box="[458,551,1744,1770]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD330635FF76C2B56D97F887" blockId="13.[151,551,1744,1805]" box="[151,239,1779,1805]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
(
<figureCitation id="7EF9A6ABAD330635FF7EC2B56D9EF887" box="[159,230,1779,1805]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,255,1071,1095]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,454,1063]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,454,1065]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. Australoheros forquilha. Holotype, MCP 13936, male, 110.4 mm SL, Rio Forquilha, Rio Uruguai drainage, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181177/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AED8E9A5AD330635FF76C3056E7CF8D0" box="[151,772,1853,1882]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD330635FF76C3056E7CF8D0" blockId="13.[151,772,1853,1882]" box="[151,772,1853,1882]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD330635FF76C3056C55F8D0" box="[151,301,1859,1882]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD330635FF76C3056C55F8D0" box="[151,301,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Australoheros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. ” 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD330635FE83C3056CB6F8D0" box="[354,462,1859,1882]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">Forquilha</taxonomicName>
” (Ř íċan &amp; Kullander, 2006).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AED8E9A5AD330637FF76C3CD6D8BFEF0" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD330635FF76C3CD6C2FF87F" blockId="13.[151,1436,1931,2037]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<typeStatus id="3979048CAD330635FF76C3CD6C7BF82E" box="[151,259,1931,1956]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD330635FF76C3CD6C7BF82E" box="[151,259,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
. 
<collectionCode id="80D322EBAD330635FEF0C3CD6C37F82F" box="[273,335,1931,1957]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MCP</collectionCode>
13936, male, 
<quantity id="213A17CBAD330635FE17C3CD6F14F82F" box="[502,620,1931,1957]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.104" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="110.4">110.4 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="80D322EBAD330635FD95C3CD6FE1F82F" box="[628,665,1931,1957]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">SL</collectionCode>
, 
<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD330635FD45C3CD6F96F82F" box="[676,750,1931,1957]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Rio Grande do Sul. Rio 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD330635FBF7C3CD69F3F82F" box="[1046,1163,1931,1957]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">Forquilha</taxonomicName>
, Rio 
<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD330635FB29C3CD6850F82F" box="[1224,1320,1931,1957]" name="Uruguay" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Uruguai</collectingCountry>
drainage, road from Maximiliano de Almeida to Machadinho. 
<date id="927C9CEEAD330635FCEEC3F56EB5F847" box="[783,973,1971,1997]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1988-10-04">4 October 1988</date>
. E. Pereira, L. Bergmann, P. Azevedo, and A. Ramírez.
</paragraph>
<caption id="B2BDEAA6AD300636FF76C19A6CAAF99C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181176/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[245,1341,192,1476]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD300636FF76C19A6CAAF99C" blockId="14.[151,1436,1500,1558]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD300636FF76C19A6C63FA7E" bold="true" box="[151,283,1500,1524]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Collecting localities of 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD300636FDC2C19B6E5CFA7E" box="[547,804,1501,1524]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD300636FDC2C19B6E5CFA7E" box="[547,804,1501,1524]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Australoheros forquilha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD300636FCBDC19B6EC3FA7E" box="[860,955,1501,1524]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tembe">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD300636FCBDC19B6EC3FA7E" box="[860,955,1501,1524]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. tembe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(the 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD300636FC17C19B6920FA7E" box="[1014,1112,1501,1524]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD300636FC17C19B6920FA7E" box="[1014,1112,1501,1524]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">forquilha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group). A symbol may cover more than one collecting site.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD300636FF27C20C68E4F87E" blockId="14.[151,1436,1610,2036]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<typeStatus id="3979048CAD300636FF27C20C6C45F9E9" box="[198,317,1610,1635]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD300636FF27C20C6C45F9E9" box="[198,317,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Paratypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
. 
<specimenCount id="F0C471A7AD300636FEACC20C6C89F9EE" box="[333,497,1610,1636]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">18 specimens</specimenCount>
, 
<quantity id="213A17CBAD300636FE1EC20C6FC1F9EE" box="[511,697,1610,1636]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.264999999999999" metricValueMax="12.969999999999999" metricValueMin="1.56" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="72.64999999999999" valueMax="129.7" valueMin="15.6">15.6–129.7 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="80D322EBAD300636FD23C20C6F90F9EE" box="[706,744,1610,1636]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">SL</collectionCode>
. 
<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD300636FD14C20C6E38F9EE" box="[757,832,1610,1636]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Rio Grande do Sul: 
<collectionCode id="80D322EBAD300636FBDEC20C6905F9EE" box="[1087,1149,1610,1636]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MCP</collectionCode>
12123, 1, 
<quantity id="213A17CBAD300636FB1EC20C6811F9EE" box="[1279,1385,1610,1636]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.21" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="42.1">42.1 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="80D322EBAD300636FA93C20C68EFF9EE" box="[1394,1431,1610,1636]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">SL</collectionCode>
, Rio 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD300636FF2BC2346C47F906" box="[202,319,1650,1676]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">Forquilha</taxonomicName>
, Rio 
<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD300636FE9FC2346CA6F906" box="[382,478,1650,1676]" name="Uruguay" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Uruguai</collectingCountry>
drainage, road from Maximiliano de Almeida to Machadinho, 
<quantity id="213A17CBAD300636FB2CC2346872F906" box="[1229,1290,1650,1676]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
from Maximiliano de Almeida, 
<date id="927C9CEEAD300636FE74C2DC6F41F93E" box="[405,569,1690,1716]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1988-05-25">25 May 1988</date>
. E. P. Lerner; 
<collectionCode id="80D322EBAD300636FD09C2DC6E5EF93E" box="[744,806,1690,1716]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MCP</collectionCode>
13389, 1, 
<quantity id="213A17CBAD300636FC48C2DC696CF93E" box="[937,1044,1690,1716]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="15.6">15.6 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="80D322EBAD300636FBFFC2DC693BF93E" box="[1054,1091,1690,1716]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">SL</collectionCode>
, Rio 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD300636FB64C2DC6982F93E" box="[1157,1274,1690,1716]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">Forquilha</taxonomicName>
, Rio 
<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD300636FADDC2DC68E4F93E" box="[1340,1436,1690,1716]" name="Uruguay" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Uruguai</collectingCountry>
drainage, road from Maximiliano de Almeida to Machadinho. 
<date id="927C9CEEAD300636FC99C2846936F956" box="[888,1102,1730,1756]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1989-02-27">27 February 1989</date>
. E. Pereira, L. Bergmann, P. Azevedo, and A. Ramírez; 
<collectionCode id="80D322EBAD300636FE02C2AC6F5EF88E" box="[483,550,1770,1796]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4m0z-xq14" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History - Zoological Collections" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">NRM</collectionCode>
13389, 1, 
<quantity id="213A17CBAD300636FD4DC2AC6E60F88E" box="[684,792,1770,1796]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.23" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="92.3">92.3 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="80D322EBAD300636FCC3C2AC6E3FF88E" box="[802,839,1770,1796]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">SL</collectionCode>
, Rio 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD300636FC6AC2AC6978F88E" box="[907,1024,1770,1796]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">Forquilha</taxonomicName>
, Rio 
<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD300636FBA2C2AC69DBF88E" box="[1091,1187,1770,1796]" name="Uruguay" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Uruguai</collectingCountry>
drainage, road from Maximiliano de Almeida to Machadinho. 
<date id="927C9CEEAD300636FD72C3546E15F8A6" box="[659,877,1810,1836]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1989-02-27">27 February 1989</date>
. E. Pereira, L. Bergmann, P. Azevedo, and A. Ramírez; 
<collectionCode id="80D322EBAD300636FEEBC37C6C30F8DE" box="[266,328,1850,1876]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MCP</collectionCode>
12525, 
<quantity id="213A17CBAD300636FE46C37C6F44F8DE" box="[423,572,1850,1876]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1074" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="1107.4">1, 107.4 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="80D322EBAD300636FDA2C37C6F10F8DE" box="[579,616,1850,1876]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">SL</collectionCode>
, collected with the 
<typeStatus id="3979048CAD300636FCADC37C6ECEF8DE" box="[844,950,1850,1876]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; 
<collectionCode id="80D322EBAD300636FC23C37C6978F8DE" box="[962,1024,1850,1876]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MCP</collectionCode>
6262, 9/35, C, D, N, P, Q, R, T, U, V, S, Sanga das Aguas Frias, Rio 
<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD300636FDCDC3246FF4F8F6" box="[556,652,1890,1916]" name="Uruguay" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Uruguai</collectingCountry>
drainage, Irai. 1985. L. R. Malabarba, R. E. Reis, and S. B. Malman. 
<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD300636FF36C3CC6C5AF82E" box="[215,290,1930,1956]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Santa Catarina: 
<collectionCode id="80D322EBAD300636FE09C3CC6F5EF82E" box="[488,550,1930,1956]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MCP</collectionCode>
12777, 1, 
<quantity id="213A17CBAD300636FD40C3CC6E71F82E" box="[673,777,1930,1956]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.52" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="85.2">85.2 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="80D322EBAD300636FCF1C3CC6E4DF82E" box="[784,821,1930,1956]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">SL</collectionCode>
, Rio Canoas, Rio 
<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD300636FBE6C3CC691FF82E" box="[1031,1127,1930,1956]" name="Uruguay" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Uruguai</collectingCountry>
drainage, road from Tupitinga to Celso Ramos. 
<date id="927C9CEEAD300636FE41C3F46FFDF846" box="[416,645,1970,1996]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1988-11-10">10 November 1988</date>
. C. Lucena, E. Pereira, and P. Azevedo; 
<collectionCode id="80D322EBAD300636FBBFC3F469E4F846" box="[1118,1180,1970,1996]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MCP</collectionCode>
18743, 4, 
<quantity id="213A17CBAD300636FAF9C3F46DBDF87E" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.555" metricValueMax="12.969999999999999" metricValueMin="6.14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="95.55" valueMax="129.7" valueMin="61.4">61.4–129.7 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="80D322EBAD300636FF2DC39C6D89F87E" box="[204,241,2010,2036]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">SL</collectionCode>
, Rio Rancho Grande where crossing road BR-153 to Piritiba, Rio 
<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD300636FC18C39C6921F87E" box="[1017,1113,2010,2036]" name="Uruguay" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Uruguai</collectingCountry>
drainage, 
<date id="927C9CEEAD300636FB35C39C68E0F87E" box="[1236,1432,2010,2036]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1996-01-11">11 January 1996</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD310637FF76C4DE6FBCFF38" blockId="15.[151,1436,152,378]" box="[151,708,152,178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. Filho, V. Schulz, S. Meurer, and P. Iaczinski.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD310637FF27C4866D8BFEF0" blockId="15.[151,1436,152,378]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Additional non-type material: 
<specimenCount id="F0C471A7AD310637FDC8C4866FB3FF50" box="[553,715,192,218]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="generic">21 specimens</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD310637FD36C4866E37FF50" box="[727,847,192,218]" name="Argentina" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, Misiones: 
<collectionCode id="80D322EBAD310637FC34C4866969FF50" box="[981,1041,192,218]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ZSM</collectionCode>
23482, 15/16, A, B, C, D (C&amp;S), E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, 
<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD310637FE0EC4AE6F7FFE88" box="[495,519,232,258]" name="Iceland" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">O</collectingCountry>
, 
<quantity id="213A17CBAD310637FDF4C4AE6FB9FE88" box="[533,705,232,258]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.265" metricValueMax="9.95" metricValueMin="6.58" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="82.65" valueMax="99.5" valueMin="65.8">65.8–99.5 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="80D322EBAD310637FD2BC4AE6F97FE88" box="[714,751,232,258]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">SL</collectionCode>
, Río Soberbio, Río 
<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD310637FC3FC4AE693CFE88" box="[990,1092,232,258]" name="Uruguay" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
drainage, Soberbio. 1966. J. Foerster; 
<collectionCode id="80D322EBAD310637FEE6C5566C3CFEA0" box="[263,324,272,298]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ZSM</collectionCode>
23060, 6/12, D (C&amp;S), I, J, L, C, G, 47.1–77.0 mm 
<collectionCode id="80D322EBAD310637FC50C5566EAEFEA0" box="[945,982,272,298]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">SL</collectionCode>
, Rio Soberbio, Río 
<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD310637FB20C556685FFEA0" box="[1217,1319,272,298]" name="Uruguay" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
drainage, Soberbio. 1966. J. Foerster. Fractions denote numbers of specimens in mixed lots including more than one species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="B2BDEAA6AD310637FF76C0696D98FBE3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181177/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[151,1435,454,1063]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD310637FF76C0696D98FBE3" blockId="15.[151,1436,1071,1129]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD310637FF76C0696C61FBCD" bold="true" box="[151,281,1071,1095]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD310637FEC1C0766F67FBCD" box="[288,543,1072,1095]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD310637FEC1C0766F67FBCD" box="[288,543,1072,1095]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Australoheros forquilha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Holotype, MCP 13936, male, 110.4 mm SL, Rio 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD310637FBD8C06969DCFBCC" box="[1081,1188,1071,1094]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">Forquilha</taxonomicName>
, Rio Uruguai drainage, Brazil.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B2BDEAA6AD310637FF76C2DC6E80F93B" box="[151,1016,1690,1714]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181178/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[166,1417,1181,1665]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD310637FF76C2DC6E80F93B" blockId="15.[151,1016,1690,1714]" box="[151,1016,1690,1714]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD310637FF76C2DC6C61F938" bold="true" box="[151,281,1690,1714]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Diagnostic head markings of 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD310637FDBBC2DC6FB0F93B" box="[602,712,1690,1713]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD310637FDBBC2DC6FB0F93B" box="[602,712,1690,1713]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. scitulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A) and 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD310637FCC9C2DC6ED0F93B" box="[808,936,1690,1713]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD310637FCC9C2DC6ED0F93B" box="[808,936,1690,1713]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. forquilha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(B, C).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="AED8E9A5AD310637FF27C2A36C29F865" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD310637FF27C2A36C29F865" blockId="15.[151,1436,1765,2031]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD310637FF27C2A36C45F974" box="[198,317,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD310637FEAFC2A36F11F974" box="[334,617,1765,1790]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD310637FEAFC2A36F11F974" box="[334,617,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Australoheros forquilha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unique among all 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD310637FC8BC2A36977F974" box="[874,1039,1765,1790]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD310637FC8BC2A36977F974" box="[874,1039,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Australoheros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in having dark markings below the orbit along the postero-lateral border of the suborbital series (
<figureCitation id="7EF9A6ABAD310637FC02C34B6951F8AD" box="[995,1065,1805,1831]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="15.[151,255,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[166,1417,1181,1665]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,1177,1692]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 5. Diagnostic head markings of A. scitulus (A) and A. forquilha (B, C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181178/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B, C), in having checkerboardspotted dorsal, anal and caudal fins and in having more than 14 caudal vertebrae in some specimens, in having 25–26 E0 scales (vs. 24–25), a downward pointing subterminal mouth (all other 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD310637FBB7C31B6983F8FC" box="[1110,1275,1885,1910]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD310637FBB7C31B6983F8FC" box="[1110,1275,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Australoheros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species), and in having the shortest interorbital and longest preorbital distances (
<figureCitation id="7EF9A6ABAD310637FC48C3C36E82F815" box="[937,1018,1925,1951]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,255,783,807]" captionTargetBox="[385,1207,201,749]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[374,1215,190,758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Interorbital distance plotted against standard length, showing clear separation of A. forquilha from the remaining species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181179/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="7EF9A6ABAD310637FBD5C3C3693DF815" box="[1076,1093,1925,1951]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1500,1524]" captionTargetBox="[375,1209,907,1464]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[367,1218,898,1474]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Preorbital distance plotted against standard length, showing clear separation of A. forquilha from the remaining species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181180/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">7</figureCitation>
). Also distinguished from all species in the unique scale cover of the base of dorsal fin with two cover scales corresponding to one transverse scale row.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="B2BDEAA6AD2E0628FF76C7496C26FCC0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181179/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[385,1207,201,749]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2E0628FF76C7496C26FCC0" blockId="16.[151,1435,783,842]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2E0628FF76C7496C65FCAD" bold="true" box="[151,285,783,807]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Interorbital distance plotted against standard length, showing clear separation of 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2E0628FB4FC756684AFCAD" box="[1198,1330,784,807]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2E0628FB4FC756684AFCAD" box="[1198,1330,784,807]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. forquilha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the remaining species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B2BDEAA6AD2E0628FF76C19A6C26F99C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181180/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[375,1209,907,1464]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2E0628FF76C19A6C26F99C" blockId="16.[151,1435,1500,1558]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2E0628FF76C19A6C66FA7E" bold="true" box="[151,286,1500,1524]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Preorbital distance plotted against standard length, showing clear separation of 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2E0628FB4AC19B6848FA7E" box="[1195,1328,1501,1524]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2E0628FB4AC19B6848FA7E" box="[1195,1328,1501,1524]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. forquilha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the remaining species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="AED8E9A5AD2E062AFF27C20C6E20FF50" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2E0628FF27C20C6EDEF906" blockId="16.[151,1436,1610,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2E0628FF27C20C6C29F9E9" box="[198,337,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Description</emphasis>
. Based on specimens over 
<quantity id="213A17CBAD2E0628FD6CC20C6FA7F9EE" box="[653,735,1610,1636]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
SL with notes on smaller specimens. Meristic data are summarized in 
<tableCitation id="AB408F95AD2E0628FEFBC2346C0AF906" box="[282,370,1650,1676]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,159,183]" captionText="TABLE 1. Meristics of Australoheros." pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Morphometric data are summarized in 
<tableCitation id="AB408F95AD2E0628FCA9C2346EDAF906" box="[840,930,1650,1676]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,239,559,583]" captionTargetBox="[159,1366,658,1193]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometry of Australoheros." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B2BDEAA6AD39063FFF76C6696F1DFDCC" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="B2BDEAA6AD39063FFF76C6696F1DFDCC">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2E0628FF24C2DC6CACF8A6" blockId="16.[151,1436,1610,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2E0628FF24C2DC6CA6F939" box="[197,478,1690,1715]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2E0628FF24C2DC6CA6F939" box="[197,478,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Australoheros forquilha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2E0628FD9BC2DC6F99F939" box="[634,737,1690,1715]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tembe">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2E0628FD9BC2DC6F99F939" box="[634,737,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. tembe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a more slender body with a narrower interorbital region of the head, shorter pectoral and ventral fins and a long caudal peduncle including two or more vertebrae, in having slightly thickened lips and a proportionally large mouth. It is hypothesized to have affinities with 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2E0628FF33C3546C41F8A1" box="[210,313,1810,1835]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tembe">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2E0628FF33C3546C41F8A1" box="[210,313,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. tembe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see results).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2E0628FF24C37C6CE5F82E" blockId="16.[151,1436,1610,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">The head profile is more round than in the other species and the mouth is subterminal. Lachrymal bone deeper than wide. Lips comparatively thick. Caudal peduncle considerably deeper than long (depth 45–70% of length; mean 56%).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2E0629FF24C3F46C26FD95" blockId="16.[151,1436,1610,2036]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,152,2024]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Scales on chest about half the size than the biggest scales in the E0 row above the pectoral fin (thus smaller than in 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2E0628FEAAC39C6CC6F879" box="[331,446,2010,2035]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="facetus">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2E0628FEAAC39C6CC6F879" box="[331,446,2010,2035]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. facetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the largest chest scales). About 8 scale rows between the opercular flap and the anterior insertion of the pelvic fin in the 
<typeStatus id="3979048CAD2F0629FD9AC4DE6F9DFF38" box="[635,741,152,178]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Scales in E0 row 24(1), 25(16), 26(11). Upper lateral line scales 16(1), 17(10), 18(12), 19 (4). Lower lateral line scales 8(6), 9(17), 10(4), 11(1). Scales between upper lateral line and dorsal fin scale cover 3 posteriorly, 4 plus two small parallel scales anteriorly, forming a sheath of smaller scales arranged in pairs per scale row, along the insertion of the dorsal fin (
<figureCitation id="7EF9A6ABAD2F0629FB44C5566994FEA0" box="[1189,1260,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="18.[151,255,1811,1835]" captionTargetBox="[329,1221,522,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[328,1258,514,1821]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Differences in squamation among Australoheros species, showing two extreme situations. A, A. forquilha, B, A. facetus. Note the shorter basal scale row at the base of the dorsal fin, less scaled dorsal and anal fins, and less scale rows between the upper lateral line and the dorsal fin (both anteriorly and posteriorly) in A. facetus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181181/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
A, 9A). Scales between lateral lines 2. Cheek scale rows 3 (1), 4(15), 5(4). Interradial scales appear from 15th (rarely 14th) spine membrane, in single rows. Two or three last interradial membranes without scales. Anal fin with one basal scale row; interradial scales in single rows, from the 6th membrane (i.e. between the last spine and the first branched ray), lacking on two last interradial membranes. Caudal fin densely scaled, scales ctenoid; interradial scales in single rows; posterior margin of scaly area concave, extending to between one-third and middle of caudal fin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2F0629FF24C66B6C90FCD5" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2024]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Soft dorsal fin pointed, extending to the middle of the caudal fin (up to the end of caudal fin in the 
<typeStatus id="3979048CAD2F0629FABFC66B6DB6FDE5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
). D. XV, 10 (2), XV, 11 (4), XVI, 9 (3), XVI, 10 (16), XVI, 11 (6). Soft anal fin pointed, of about the same length as dorsal fin. A. V,8 (1), VI, 7 (12), VI, 8 (15), VI, 9 (1), VII, 8 (2). Anal fin pterygiophores 11 (13), 12 (16), 13 (2). Pelvic fin base slightly posterior of pectoral fin base; first ray longest. Pelvic fin comparatively short, not extending to the genital papilla in most specimens (reaching to the first anal spine in the 
<typeStatus id="3979048CAD2F0629FF76C6B36C7BFC85" box="[151,259,757,783]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
). Pectoral fin comparatively short, with a rounded tip, posteriorly reaching to the same level as the pelvic fin. P. 13(19), 14(9). Caudal fin with rounded corners, subtruncate with a smooth indentation due to slightly shorter midline rays.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2F0629FF24C72B6986FC25" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2024]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">All teeth caniniform, slightly curved. Outer row teeth increasing in size symphysiad, upper jaw anterior teeth longest and more robust, lower jaw anterior teeth subequal, midline two pairs more robust.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2F0629FF24C7FB68EDFB2A" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2024]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Lower pharyngeal tooth plate in a dissected specimen about one quarter wider than long (length 75% of width) and very shallow compared to other 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2F0629FD41C7A06E3DFC75" box="[672,837,998,1023]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2F0629FD41C7A06E3DFC75" box="[672,837,998,1023]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Australoheros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (
<figureCitation id="7EF9A6ABAD2F0629FC52C7A36973FC75" box="[947,1035,997,1023]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,255,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[176,1404,207,1778]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,194,1786]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Lower pharyngeal jaw of a dissected specimen of Australoheros cf. forquilha, ZSM 23060 G, in (top to bottom) occlusal, caudal and left lateral aspect." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181183/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
; cf. 
<figureCitation id="7EF9A6ABAD2F0629FBA1C7A369ECFC75" box="[1088,1172,997,1023]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="40.[151,255,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[199,1365,188,1947]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[188,1398,172,1954]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 17. Lower pharyngeal jaw of a dissected specimen of Australoheros guarani, NRM 33498, in (top to bottom) occlusal, caudal and left lateral aspect." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181190/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
and fig. 
<quantity id="213A17CBAD2F0629FAE0C7A36857FC75" box="[1281,1327,997,1023]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
Ř íčan &amp; Kullander, 2006). Dentigerous area wider than long. 8–9 teeth along midline, 26 teeth along posterior margin. Posterior teeth tend to be progressively more compressed, except for medial teeth. Larger teeth medially and posteriorly, gradually smaller anteriad and laterad. Posterior teeth with forwards curved posterior cusp and subapical anterior shelf. Large laterally compressed teeth with a second cusp projecting anteriorly from shelf.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2F0629FF24C0E86821FB42" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2024]" box="[197,1369,1198,1224]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Gill rakers externally on first gill arch: 2 epibranchial, 
<quantity id="213A17CBAD2F0629FCA7C0E86E0BFB42" box="[838,883,1198,1224]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
angle, 7(7), 8 (15), 9 (4) ceratobranchial.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2F0629FF24C0906C9FFA92" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2024]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Vertebrae 13+13=26(1), 13+14=27(23), 13+15=28(6), 14+13=27(1). Caudal peduncle contains 1.5(6), 2(13), 2.5(6), 3(6) vertebrae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2F0629FF24C1606ED0F922" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2024]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2F0629FF24C1606C90FAB5" box="[197,488,1318,1343]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Color pattern in alcohol</emphasis>
. Six or seven vertical flank bars, a midlateral blotch in the third flank bar from posterior, an inconspicuous caudal fin base spot and the caudal peduncle bar make up the principal markings. Vertical bars are relatively wide, faint, indistinct in their ventral parts. The posteriormost bar bears the caudal spot, which is very faint or even absent in some specimens. The caudal peduncle bar covers the posterior less than half of the peduncle. The third bar, being the first flank bar, runs between the ends of dorsal and anal fins. The third flank bar, bearing the midlateral blotch is centered above the anteriormost portion of the anal fin. There are three or four abdominal bars. The number varies in adults, whereas all juveniles have four bars: compared to the situation in 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2F0629FE02C2786F24F9DD" box="[483,604,1598,1623]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2F0629FE02C2786F24F9DD" box="[483,604,1598,1623]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. scitulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the bar anterior from the midlateral blotch bar is divided into two. The last flank bar runs from anterior of the dorsal fin insertion, along the posterodorsal edge of the opercular cleft down to the insertion of the pectoral fin or slightly anterior from it.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2F0629FF24C2F06EA1F8AA" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2024]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">There are only weak traces of a midlateral stripe in adult specimens. Dorsal, anal and caudal fins with dark spots in a checker-board spotting pattern on interradial membranes. A line of black longitudinal blotches below the orbit along the postero-lateral border of the suborbital series.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2F062AFF24C3686E20FF50" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2024]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1436,152,458]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2F0629FF24C3686C2CF8CD" box="[197,340,1838,1863]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Color in life</emphasis>
. Only one photograph of a life 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2F0629FD25C3686E28F8CD" box="[708,848,1838,1863]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2F0629FD25C3686E28F8CD" box="[708,848,1838,1863]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. forquilha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known to us and it was presented in the Appendix to 
<bibRefCitation id="8253C7DFAD2F0629FF03C3106FCEF8FA" author="Stawikowski" box="[226,694,1878,1904]" pageId="17" pageNumber="51" refString="Stawikowski, R. &amp; Werner, U. (2004) Die Buntbarsche Amerikas. Band 3: Erdfresser, Hecht- und Kammbuntbarsche. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 478 pp." type="book" year="2004" yearSuffix="p">Stawikowski and Werner (2004: p. 455)</bibRefCitation>
as 
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2F0629FD3FC3106EF3F8E5" box="[734,907,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
“ 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2F0629FD08C3106EF8F8E5" box="[745,896,1878,1903]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cichlasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cichlasoma</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2F0629FC73C310697AF8E5" box="[914,1026,1878,1904]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tembe">
cf. 
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2F0629FC59C310697AF8E5" box="[952,1026,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">tembe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The fish in the photograph clearly shows characters distinctive for 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2F0629FDF0C3386FE5F81D" box="[529,669,1918,1943]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2F0629FDF0C3386FE5F81D" box="[529,669,1918,1943]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. forquilha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(checkerboard spotting on unpaired fins, opalescent markings on head and also on body scales, head shape with a low position of mouth). It was collected in an unspecified tributary of the Upper 
<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD2F0629FE43C3886F71F862" box="[418,521,1998,2024]" name="Uruguay" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
in 
<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD2F0629FDD0C3886F04F862" box="[561,636,1998,2024]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, and it thus also in distribution agrees with 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2F0629FB62C3886868F86D" box="[1155,1296,1998,2023]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2F0629FB62C3886868F86D" box="[1155,1296,1998,2023]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. forquilha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The specimen is photographed in a field aquarium and is very colorful, with a red lower portion of body and head and green scales on body. The green color is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2C062AFD0AC4866E2AFF53" box="[747,850,192,217]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tembe">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2C062AFD0AC4866E2AFF53" box="[747,850,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. tembe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AED8E9A5AD2C062AFF24C4AE6FE5FEF0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2C062AFF24C4AE6FE5FEF0" blockId="18.[151,1436,152,458]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2C062AFF24C4AE6F05FE8B" box="[197,637,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Distribution. 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2C062AFE85C4AE6F05FE8B" box="[356,637,232,257]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">Australoheros forquilha</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is endemic to the tributaries of the Upper 
<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD2C062AFB93C4AE69A1FE88" box="[1138,1241,232,258]" name="Uruguay" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
in 
<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD2C062AFB1FC4AE683EFE88" box="[1278,1350,232,258]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and its southernmost locality is in the Río Soberbio, an Argentinian tributary of the Middle Río 
<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD2C062AFB52C5566862FEA0" box="[1203,1306,272,298]" name="Uruguay" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
just below the Moconá falls separating the Middle and Upper Rio 
<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD2C062AFCDDC57E6EDBFED8" box="[828,931,312,338]" name="Uruguay" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="7EF9A6ABAD2C062AFC56C57E6979FED8" box="[951,1025,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1500,1524]" captionTargetBox="[245,1341,192,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[245,1341,192,1476]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Collecting localities of Australoheros forquilha and A. tembe (the forquilha group). A symbol may cover more than one collecting site." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181176/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). It shares its distribution with 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2C062AFA62C57E6D82FEF3" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaaygua">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2C062AFA62C57E6D82FEF3" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. kaaygua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Río 
<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD2C062AFE9DC5266C9BFEF0" box="[380,483,352,378]" name="Uruguay" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
basin (
<figureCitation id="7EF9A6ABAD2C062AFDD9C5266FF7FEF0" box="[568,655,352,378]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="30.[151,255,1543,1567]" captionTargetBox="[230,1356,197,1518]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[230,1356,197,1519]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 14. Collecting localities of Australoheros kaaygua and A. minuano (the kaaygua group). A symbol may cover more than one collecting site." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181187/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AED8E9A5AD2C062EFF24C5CE69ABFD0C" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2C062AFF24C5CE6C27FE40" blockId="18.[151,1436,152,458]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2C062AFF24C5CE6C39FE2B" box="[197,321,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Etymology</emphasis>
. The species is named after the Rio 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2C062AFD0CC5CE6E1AFE28" box="[749,866,392,418]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">Forquilha</taxonomicName>
, Rio Grande do Sul, 
<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD2C062AFBB8C5CE69DBFE28" box="[1113,1187,392,418]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, from where the species is described.
</paragraph>
<caption id="B2BDEAA6AD2C062AFF76C35569C4F8E5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181181/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" targetBox="[329,1221,522,1810]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2C062AFF76C35569C4F8E5" blockId="18.[151,1436,1811,1904]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2C062AFF76C3556C63F8A1" bold="true" box="[151,283,1811,1835]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Differences in squamation among 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2C062AFD74C3556E53F8A0" box="[661,811,1811,1834]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2C062AFD74C3556E53F8A0" box="[661,811,1811,1834]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Australoheros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, showing two extreme situations. A, 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2C062AFAF5C35568EDF8A0" box="[1300,1429,1811,1834]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2C062AFAF5C35568EDF8A0" box="[1300,1429,1811,1834]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. forquilha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, B, 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2C062AFF57C3706C66F8C7" box="[182,286,1846,1869]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="facetus">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2C062AFF57C3706C66F8C7" box="[182,286,1846,1869]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. facetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Note the shorter basal scale row at the base of the dorsal fin, less scaled dorsal and anal fins, and less scale rows between the upper lateral line and the dorsal fin (both anteriorly and posteriorly) in 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2C062AFBADC31F69CDF8FA" box="[1100,1205,1881,1904]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="facetus">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2C062AFBADC31F69CDF8FA" box="[1100,1205,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. facetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B2BDEAA6AD2D062BFF76C3ED6965F86F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181182/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" targetBox="[219,1365,184,1931]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2D062BFF76C3ED6965F86F" blockId="19.[151,1435,1963,2021]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2D062BFF76C3ED6C62F849" bold="true" box="[151,282,1963,1987]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
Differences in squamation among 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2D062BFD70C3EA6E5FF849" box="[657,807,1964,1987]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2D062BFD70C3EA6E5FF849" box="[657,807,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Australoheros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. A, 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2D062BFC4BC3EA6952F849" box="[938,1066,1964,1987]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2D062BFC4BC3EA6952F849" box="[938,1066,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. forquilha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, B, 
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2D062BFBB6C3EA6917F849" box="[1111,1135,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A.</emphasis>
sp. “Jacui”, C, 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2D062BFAF7C3EA680CF849" box="[1302,1396,1964,1987]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tembe">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2D062BFAF7C3EA680CF849" box="[1302,1396,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. tembe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, D, 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2D062BFF76C3886C77F86F" box="[151,271,1998,2021]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaaygua">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2D062BFF76C3886C77F86F" box="[151,271,1998,2021]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. kaaygua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, E, 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2D062BFEDBC3886CD5F86F" box="[314,429,1998,2021]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="charrua">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2D062BFEDBC3886CD5F86F" box="[314,429,1998,2021]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. charrua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, F, 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2D062BFE35C3886F3CF86F" box="[468,580,1998,2021]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2D062BFE35C3886F3CF86F" box="[468,580,1998,2021]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. scitulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, G, 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2D062BFD8FC3886F98F86F" box="[622,736,1998,2021]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guarani">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2D062BFD8FC3886F98F86F" box="[622,736,1998,2021]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. guarani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, H, 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2D062BFCEFC3886EF1F86F" box="[782,905,1998,2021]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minuano">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2D062BFCEFC3886EF1F86F" box="[782,905,1998,2021]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. minuano</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, I, 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2D062BFC4DC3886961F86F" box="[940,1049,1998,2021]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="facetus">A. facetus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B2BDEAA6AD2A062CFF76C3546FF6F8C6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181183/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[176,1404,207,1778]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2A062CFF76C3546FF6F8C6" blockId="20.[151,1436,1810,1868]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2A062CFF76C3546C50F8A0" bold="true" box="[151,296,1810,1834]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
Lower pharyngeal jaw of a dissected specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2A062CFCB9C3556904F8A0" box="[856,1148,1811,1834]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2A062CFCB9C3556E96F8A0" box="[856,1006,1811,1834]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Australoheros</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2A062CFBFBC3556904F8A0" box="[1050,1148,1811,1834]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">forquilha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ZSM 23060 G, in (top to bottom) occlusal, caudal and left lateral aspect.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2A062DFF24C33D6DCFFF50" blockId="20.[151,1436,1915,2021]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,152,1178]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2A062CFF24C33D6F4EF81E" box="[197,566,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Notes. 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2A062CFEFBC33D6F4EF81E" box="[282,566,1915,1940]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">Australoheros forquilha</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
can be easily distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2A062CFC37C33D6938F81E" box="[982,1088,1915,1940]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tembe">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2A062CFC37C33D6938F81E" box="[982,1088,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. tembe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the diagnostic coloration markings lacking altogether in 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2A062CFDE0C3E56F1EF836" box="[513,614,1955,1980]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tembe">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2A062CFDE0C3E56F1EF836" box="[513,614,1955,1980]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. tembe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above), a subterminal mouth and a more rounded head profile, 10 or 11 dorsal fin rays (vs. 
<quantity id="213A17CBAD2A062CFE25C38D6C8BF86F" box="[452,499,1995,2021]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2A062CFE1AC38D6F1BF86E" box="[507,611,1995,2020]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tembe">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2A062CFE1AC38D6F1BF86E" box="[507,611,1995,2020]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. tembe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 8 anal fin rays (vs. 7), and also by the mentioned shorter preorbital and interorbital distance and a shorter caudal peduncle (including 2 vs. 3 vertebrae; modal values) (see 
<tableCitation id="AB408F95AD2B062DFABAC4DE6DDFFF50" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,239,1223,1247]" captionText="TABLE 8. Significantly different values in characters in A. forquilha and A. tembe (P &lt;0.05; decreasing order of significance; mean values ± SD, proportional measurements in percent) .." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Table 8</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2B062DFF24C4AE6F3AFE40" blockId="21.[151,1437,152,1178]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Distinguished from the 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2B062DFE01C4AE6F24FE8B" box="[480,604,232,257]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFE01C4AE6F24FE8B" box="[480,604,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. scitulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2B062DFD5AC4AE6E4FFE8B" box="[699,823,232,257]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFD5AC4AE6E4FFE8B" box="[699,823,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. scitulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2B062DFCA6C4AE6EBFFE8B" box="[839,967,232,257]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="charrua">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFCA6C4AE6EBFFE8B" box="[839,967,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. charrua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2B062DFBECC4AE69EBFE8B" box="[1037,1171,232,257]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaaygua">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFBECC4AE69EBFE8B" box="[1037,1171,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. kaaygua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by body shape (being more elongated with shorter pectoral and ventral fins), larger mouth, higher C1 gill raker counts (7–8 vs. 6), longer caudal peduncle (modally containing 2–3 vertebrae vs. 1 or none) and coloration. It lacks the longitudinal stripe dominant in these three species and also has the bar in front of the midlateral blotch (in about half of the adult specimens and all juveniles) divided into two bars contrary to a single bar present in both juveniles and adults of the three latter species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2B062DFF24C59E694FFD18" blockId="21.[151,1437,152,1178]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Distinguished additionally from 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2B062DFDAAC59E6FB0FE7B" box="[587,712,472,497]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFDAAC59E6FB0FE7B" box="[587,712,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. scitulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(and juvenile 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2B062DFC99C59E6E87FE7B" box="[888,1023,472,497]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaaygua">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFC99C59E6E87FE7B" box="[888,1023,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. kaaygua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in lacking any dominant rows of spots on flank scales (above anterior part of upper lateral line), in lacking the opercular and head spots of 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2B062DFA62C6466D89FDCB" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFA62C6466D89FDCB" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. scitulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, also no prominent black spot in the axil of pectoral fin. Also distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2B062DFB46C66E6859FDCB" box="[1191,1313,552,577]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFB46C66E6859FDCB" box="[1191,1313,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. scitulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having 16 dorsal fin spines (vs. 17), 6 to 7 anal fin spines (vs. 8–9), and narrower interorbital distance (23.3–35.3% HL, mean 27.6% vs. 29.7–40.0%, mean 35.2% in specimens above 
<quantity id="213A17CBAD2B062DFC53C63E6E84FD18" box="[946,1020,632,658]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="50.0">50mm</quantity>
SL).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2B062DFF24C6E66D89FCD0" blockId="21.[151,1437,152,1178]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Additionally distinguished from both 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2B062DFD66C6E66E74FD33" box="[647,780,672,697]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaaygua">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFD66C6E66E74FD33" box="[647,780,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. kaaygua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2B062DFCA9C6E66EB1FD33" box="[840,969,672,697]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="charrua">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFCA9C6E66EB1FD33" box="[840,969,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. charrua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having spotted unpaired fins, 6 anal fin spines (vs. 7), 4–5 cheek scale rows (vs. 3), and narrower interorbital distance (23.3–35.3% HL, mean 27.6% vs. 31.7–38.5%, mean 35.5% vs. 34.5–37.7%, mean 36.2% in specimens above 
<quantity id="213A17CBAD2B062DFB7DC6B6699EFC80" box="[1180,1254,752,778]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="50.0">50mm</quantity>
SL). Additionally distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2B062DFE4FC75E6F4AFCBB" box="[430,562,792,817]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaaygua">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFE4FC75E6F4AFCBB" box="[430,562,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. kaaygua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having 14–15 caudal vertebrae (vs. 13) and 13–14 pectoral fin rays (vs. 12–13).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2B062DFF24C72E6F8FFC70" blockId="21.[151,1437,152,1178]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
In addition, distinguished from the 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2B062DFD81C72E6FABFC0B" box="[608,723,872,897]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="facetus">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFD81C72E6FABFC0B" box="[608,723,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. facetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFCCFC72E6EB0FC0B" box="[814,968,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2B062DFCCFC72E6EDCFC0B" box="[814,932,872,897]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="facetus">A. facetus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2B062DFC4EC72E6EB0FC0B" box="[943,968,872,897]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="facetus">A.</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFC15C72E693FFC0B" box="[1012,1095,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">facetus</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2B062DFB9FC72E687CFC0B" box="[1150,1284,872,897]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minuano">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFB9FC72E687CFC0B" box="[1150,1284,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. minuano</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2B062DFAA7C72E6DB0FC23" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guarani">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFAA7C72E6DB0FC23" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. guarani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by higher meristics, especially caudal vertebrae (14 to 15 vs. 13), caudal peduncle vertebrae (more than 2 vs. fewer than 2), E0 scale row count (25 or more vs. 24), and from 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2B062DFC58C7FE6939FC5B" box="[953,1089,952,977]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minuano">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFC58C7FE6939FC5B" box="[953,1089,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. minuano</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
additionally by fewer C1 gill rakers (7 to 8 vs. 6) and pectoral fin rays (13 vs.12).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2B062DFF24C04E6968FB10" blockId="21.[151,1437,152,1178]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Additionally distinguished from the 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2B062DFD90C04E6F9DFBAB" box="[625,741,1032,1057]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="facetus">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFD90C04E6F9DFBAB" box="[625,741,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. facetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group species in mouth shape and position (inferior mouth vs. slightly up-turned mouth in 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2B062DFDF5C0766FF1FBC3" box="[532,649,1072,1097]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="facetus">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFDF5C0766FF1FBC3" box="[532,649,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. facetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2B062DFD26C0766E1DFBC3" box="[711,869,1072,1098]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="facetus">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFD26C0766F98FBC3" box="[711,736,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A.</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFCF3C0766E1DFBC3" box="[786,869,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">facetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, terminal in 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2B062DFBEAC07669EDFBC3" box="[1035,1173,1072,1097]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minuano">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFBEAC07669EDFBC3" box="[1035,1173,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. minuano</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), in coloration by not having a well-circumscribed midlateral stripe and a prominent caudal fin spot. The 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2B062DFB9DC01E6989FBFB" box="[1148,1265,1112,1137]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="facetus">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFB9DC01E6989FBFB" box="[1148,1265,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. facetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group species also have a much higher percentage of four well-developed abdominal bars.
</paragraph>
<caption id="B2BDEAA6AD2B062DFF76C0816E2DFB75" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2B062DFF76C0816E2DFB75" blockId="21.[151,1436,1223,1279]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFF76C0816C70FB55" bold="true" box="[151,264,1223,1247]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">TABLE 8.</emphasis>
Significantly different values in characters in 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2B062DFD19C08E6E01FB55" box="[760,889,1224,1247]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFD19C08E6E01FB55" box="[760,889,1224,1247]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. forquilha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2B062DFC4DC08E6972FB55" box="[940,1034,1224,1247]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tembe">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFC4DC08E6972FB55" box="[940,1034,1224,1247]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. tembe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(P &lt;0.05; decreasing order of significance; mean values±SD, proportional measurements in percent)..
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2B062DFCA3C16669CCFABD" blockId="21.[159,1243,1312,1591]" box="[834,1204,1312,1335]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFCA3C16669CCFABD" box="[834,1204,1312,1335]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2B062DFCA3C1666EDCFABD" box="[834,932,1312,1335]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">forquilha</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2B062DFB95C16669CCFABD" box="[1140,1204,1312,1335]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tembe">tembe</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD2B062EFF7EC10C6C32FF50" blockId="21.[159,1243,1312,1591]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1437,152,218]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Caudal peduncle depth 57.2±4.8 67.7±4.8 Caudal peduncle vertebrae 2.16±0.5 3.04±0.2) Dorsal fin rays 10.2±0.6 9.0±0.0 Ventral fin length 28.7±2.6 26.1±1.6 Interorbital width in head length 27.6±2.9 30.2±1.5 Preorbital distance in head length 25.0±3.5 22.1±3.1 The material from Soberbio (Misiones, 
<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD2B062DFD4DC23B6E5BF91D" box="[684,803,1661,1687]" name="Argentina" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Argentina</collectingCountry>
) is in bad condition. This excludes most coloration characters, including the diagnostic suborbital markings and the checkerboard-spotting of unpaired fins from being studied. Soberbio specimens have slightly lower counts of caudal vertebrae (13–14 vs. 14–15), slightly less caudal peduncle vertebrae (modally 2 vs. modally 3), 5–6 anal fin spines (vs. 6–7), slightly lower total dorsal fin counts (25–26 vs. 26–27), 25 vs. 26 E0 scales and 3–4 vs. 4–5 cheek scale rows. Soberbio populations possess the diagnostic shortest interorbital and longest preorbital distances. The inclusion of the Soberbio populations into 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD2B062DFE6EC32B6F66F80C" box="[399,542,1901,1926]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD2B062DFE6EC32B6F66F80C" box="[399,542,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. forquilha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is in agreement with the RDA analysis (Ř íčan &amp; Kullander, 2006), but in conflict with the populations as terminal taxa phylogenetic analyses (which include all informative characters including the above mentioned proportions; op. cit.). Untill better-preserved specimens from the area are studied, or until a phylogeographic study sheds more light on the matter, we prefer to treat the Soberbio population as 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD28062EFF57C4866C3BFF53" box="[182,323,192,217]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD28062EFF57C4866C3BFF53" box="[182,323,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. forquilha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="B2BDEAA6AD28062EFF76C5496E37FEC4" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD28062EFF76C5496E37FEC4" blockId="22.[151,1435,271,334]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD28062EFF76C5496C70FEAD" bold="true" box="[151,264,271,295]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">TABLE 9.</emphasis>
Significantly different values in characters in 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD28062EFD17C5566E1CFEAD" box="[758,868,272,295]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD28062EFD17C5566E1CFEAD" box="[758,868,272,295]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. scitulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD28062EFC79C5566974FEAD" box="[920,1036,272,295]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="charrua">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD28062EFC79C5566974FEAD" box="[920,1036,272,295]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. charrua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(P &lt;0.05; decreasing order of significance; mean values±SD, proportional measurements in percent).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD28062EFCA3C53669ABFD0C" blockId="22.[159,1235,368,646]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD28062EFCA3C53669B1FE0D" box="[834,1225,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD28062EFCA3C5366EEBFE0D" box="[834,915,368,391]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">scitulus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD28062EFB92C53669B1FE0D" box="[1139,1225,368,391]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="charrua">charrua</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
Dorsal fin spines 16.9±0.4 16.3±0.5 Head length 34.6±1.4 32.4±1.0 Anal fin spines 8.5±0.5 7.1±0.3 Dorsal fin rays 9.0±0.6 9.8± 
<geoCoordinate id="83F6DCE9AD28062EFB42C65C6DC8FDD6" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="5555" value="0.5">0.5 E</geoCoordinate>
0 scales 24.9±0.5 25.3±0.5 Interorbital width in head length 32.1±3.2 35.3±2.6
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>