479 lines
57 KiB
XML
479 lines
57 KiB
XML
<document id="F47833A892588841F08072D389557B47" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.181173" ID-GBIF-Dataset="02fb0673-0e2f-4023-a87b-4c5eed1dffc8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="181173" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459827966969" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="An, Old Ř Ich Ř Í Č & Kullander, Sven O." docDate="2008" docId="6E6B0B38AD280621FF76C6936C86FAC8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01724p051.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1724" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Australoheros charrua An & Kullander, 2008, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="92527340AD3E0638FFE1C4466D78FF8A" masterDocTitle="The Australoheros (Teleostei: Cichlidae) species of the Uruguay and Paraná River drainages" masterLastPageNumber="51" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1698222550092" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F670459EAC9B8EB3D1311603CDA61C22">
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<mods:title id="BFAD7B7CFEF0258AA2B67A2FD32254C4">The Australoheros (Teleostei: Cichlidae) species of the Uruguay and Paraná River drainages</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="B6DAEFE0ED706F43768685F13405EA82" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="669204EDCCFF1CAAB7808DEB909DBC65">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="02A0936BAFD6AEA3E20E4561878D871A">An, Old Ř Ich Ř Í Č</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="9837437369B519F78AD39839918F3574">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0D316B58393A9A504B622BC6C69BFC4A">Kullander, Sven O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="468ACE954AE7D58F64A8D3297728E47E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5C3F4322036D1981CD5E5B72353D5E71">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="0A0E289FCAE179A6720EE99BFA877477">
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<mods:date id="7B76F26BD5A94441F0C0A4EF7AA08A37">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="3103F3C2185C5FB6A7999624186A8D53" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="6680E7520ACE4D1109B80EE9C4825993">1724</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="9935D2C3749D156A001E658D33C45CD2">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="991C9D26E973D9FC77197DF5E17A40DE">51</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="4024B5B5FDF2D9A3586808D4485C4B9F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="229BD3E741B78E9373CD15A52C069C8B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.181173</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DE4EDE9A47FC2381C0A90073DAE7732B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="136952E2B8CE148CEFE5D0AD3B6E1D6F" type="Zenodo-Dep">181173</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6E6B0B38AD280621FF76C6936C86FAC8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5669032" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119357292" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5669032" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E6B0B38AD280621FF76C6936C86FAC8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E6B0B38AD280621FF76C6936C86FAC8" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection id="AED8E9A5AD28062EFF76C6936D84FC98" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD28062EFF76C6936F6EFD64" blockId="22.[151,534,724,786]" box="[151,534,724,751]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<heading id="BD350D42AD28062EFF76C6936F6EFD64" bold="true" box="[151,534,724,751]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD28062EFF76C6936F6EFD64" bold="true" box="[151,534,724,751]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD28062EFF76C6936CD3FD65" ID-CoL="5VXCB" box="[151,427,725,751]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="charrua" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD28062EFF76C6936CD3FD65" bold="true" box="[151,427,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Australoheros charrua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="CF85DB47AD28062EFE58C6926F6EFD64" box="[441,534,724,750]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD28062EFF76C6BE6D84FC98" blockId="22.[151,534,724,786]" box="[151,252,760,786]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="7EF9A6ABAD28062EFF7EC6BE6D8BFC98" box="[159,243,760,786]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,255,916,940]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,302,908]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,302,912]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Australoheros charrua. Holotype, MCP 13938, 77.9 mm SL, Arroyo Canoin, Rio Uruguai drainage, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181184/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AED8E9A5AD28062EFF76C70E6F9AFCD4" box="[151,738,834,863]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD28062EFF76C70E6F9AFCD4" blockId="22.[151,738,834,863]" box="[151,738,834,863]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD28062EFF76C70E6C55FCD5" box="[151,301,840,863]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD28062EFF76C70E6C55FCD5" box="[151,301,840,863]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Australoheros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. ”Pirapo” (Ř íċan & Kullander, 2006).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AED8E9A5AD28062EFF76C7D66968FBA8" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD28062EFF76C7D66841FC58" blockId="22.[151,1437,912,2020]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<typeStatus id="3979048CAD28062EFF76C7D66C7BFC23" box="[151,259,912,937]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">
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<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD28062EFF76C7D66C7BFC23" box="[151,259,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Holotype</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectionCode id="80D322EBAD28062EFEF3C7D66C28FC20" box="[274,336,912,938]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">MCP</collectionCode>
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13938,
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<quantity id="213A17CBAD28062EFE50C7D66F62FC20" box="[433,538,912,938]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.79" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="77.9">77.9 mm</quantity>
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<collectionCode id="80D322EBAD28062EFDC3C7D66F3FFC20" box="[546,583,912,938]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">SL</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD28062EFDB5C7D66FE7FC20" box="[596,671,912,938]" name="Brazil" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, Rio Grande do Sul, Arroyo Canoin, Rio
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<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD28062EFB6AC7D66993FC20" box="[1163,1259,912,938]" name="Uruguay" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Uruguai</collectingCountry>
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drainage, road from Pirapo to São Nicolau.
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<date id="927C9CEEAD28062EFE06C7FE6FC6FC58" box="[487,702,952,978]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1988-11-02">2 November 1988</date>
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. C. Lucena, L. Bergmann, E. Pereira, and P. Azevedo.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD28062EFF27C7A66968FBA8" blockId="22.[151,1437,912,2020]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<typeStatus id="3979048CAD28062EFF27C7A66C45FC73" box="[198,317,992,1017]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="paratype">
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<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD28062EFF27C7A66C45FC73" box="[198,317,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Paratypes</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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.
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<specimenCount id="F0C471A7AD28062EFEACC7A66C99FC70" box="[333,481,992,1018]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="generic">7 specimens</specimenCount>
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,
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<quantity id="213A17CBAD28062EFE0FC7A66FE2FC70" box="[494,666,992,1018]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.335" metricValueMax="7.05" metricValueMin="3.62" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="53.35" valueMax="70.5" valueMin="36.2">36.2–70.5 mm</quantity>
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<collectionCode id="80D322EBAD28062EFD42C7A66FB0FC70" box="[675,712,992,1018]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">SL</collectionCode>
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, all from
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<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD28062EFCDCC7A66EFFFC70" box="[829,903,992,1018]" name="Brazil" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, Rio Grande do Sul, collected with the
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<typeStatus id="3979048CAD28062EFABFC7A66DB5FBA8" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectionCode id="80D322EBAD28062EFF39C04E6C6EFBA8" box="[216,278,1032,1058]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">MCP</collectionCode>
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12667, 5,
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<quantity id="213A17CBAD28062EFE73C04E6F44FBA8" box="[402,572,1032,1058]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.295" metricValueMax="6.97" metricValueMin="3.62" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="52.95" valueMax="69.7" valueMin="36.2">36.2–69.7 mm</quantity>
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<collectionCode id="80D322EBAD28062EFDA5C04E6F11FBA8" box="[580,617,1032,1058]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">SL</collectionCode>
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;
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<collectionCode id="80D322EBAD28062EFD94C04E6FC0FBA8" box="[629,696,1032,1058]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4m0z-xq14" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History - Zoological Collections" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">NRM</collectionCode>
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12667, 2, 61.0–
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<quantity id="213A17CBAD28062EFC96C04E6EA7FBA8" box="[887,991,1032,1058]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.05" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="70.5">70.5 mm</quantity>
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<collectionCode id="80D322EBAD28062EFC07C04E6974FBA8" box="[998,1036,1032,1058]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">SL</collectionCode>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="AED8E9A5AD28062EFF27C0766CEAFB48" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD28062EFF27C0766CEAFB48" blockId="22.[151,1437,912,2020]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD28062EFF27C0766C45FBC3" box="[198,317,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Most similar to
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<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD28062EFDEDC0766FFFFBC3" box="[524,647,1072,1097]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
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<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD28062EFDEDC0766FFFFBC3" box="[524,647,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. scitulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, from which it is readily distinguished in lower dorsal (16 vs. 17) and anal (7 vs. 8–9) fin spine counts, in higher dorsal ray counts (10 vs. 9), and shorter head and larger interorbital distance (refer to
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<tableCitation id="AB408F95AD28062EFE5FC0C66F6DFB10" box="[446,533,1152,1178]" captionStart="TABLE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,239,271,295]" captionText="TABLE 9. Significantly different values in characters in A. scitulus and A. charrua (P <0.05; decreasing order of significance; mean values ± SD, proportional measurements in percent)." pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Table 9</tableCitation>
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for exact values). It lacks the diagnostic blotches on head and body usually present in
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<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD28062EFEF0C0EE6CF3FB4B" box="[273,395,1192,1217]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
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<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD28062EFEF0C0EE6CF3FB4B" box="[273,395,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. scitulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AED8E9A5AD28062FFF24C09668EDF89E" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD28062EFF24C0966EDEFA98" blockId="22.[151,1437,912,2020]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD28062EFF24C0966C37FB63" box="[197,335,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Description</emphasis>
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. Based on specimens over
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<quantity id="213A17CBAD28062EFD6DC0966FA6FB60" box="[652,734,1232,1258]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
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SL with notes on smaller specimens. Meristic data are summarized in
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<tableCitation id="AB408F95AD28062EFEFAC0BE6C0AFA98" box="[283,370,1272,1298]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,159,183]" captionText="TABLE 1. Meristics of Australoheros." pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Table 1</tableCitation>
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. Morphometric data are summarized in
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<tableCitation id="AB408F95AD28062EFCA9C0BE6EDAFA98" box="[840,930,1272,1298]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,239,559,583]" captionTargetBox="[159,1366,658,1193]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometry of Australoheros." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B2BDEAA6AD39063FFF76C6696F1DFDCC" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" tableUuid="B2BDEAA6AD39063FFF76C6696F1DFDCC">Table 2</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD28062EFF24C1666E87FA00" blockId="22.[151,1437,912,2020]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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In body form, proportions and most other features this species is very similar to
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<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD28062EFB90C1666993FAB3" box="[1137,1259,1312,1337]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
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<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD28062EFB90C1666993FAB3" box="[1137,1259,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. scitulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Ř íčan & Kullander, 2003). Mouth also small, but lower on the head with jaws of equal length. Lips narrow. Caudal peduncle considerably deeper than long (depth 30–49% of length; mean 40.5%).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD28062EFF24C1DE6C38F9D8" blockId="22.[151,1437,912,2020]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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Scales on head and chest not distinctly smaller than on flanks. Scales in E0 row 25(6), 26(2). Upper lateral line scales 17(6), 18(1), 19(1). Lower lateral line scales 7(1), 8(3), 9(3), 10 (1). Scales between upper lateral line and dorsal fin: 4 large anteriorly (or 3 large and one small), 2 large and one small posteriorly. Cheek scale rows 3(3), 4(5). About 8 scale rows between the opercular flap and the anterior insertion of the pelvic fin (as in
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<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD28062EFF54C27E6C57F9DB" box="[181,303,1592,1617]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
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<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD28062EFF54C27E6C57F9DB" box="[181,303,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. scitulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD28062EFF24C226681EF896" blockId="22.[151,1437,912,2020]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Dorsal fin with one basal scale row, starting from the seventh or eighth spine and running posteriad; interradial scales appear from 14th or 15th spine membrane, in single rows. Two or three last interradial membranes without scales. Anal fin with one basal scale row; interradial scales in single rows, starting between penultimate spine membrane and first ray membrane. Caudal fin densely scaled, scales ctenoid; interradial scales in single rows; hind margin of scaly area concave, extending to between one-third and middle of caudal fin.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD28062EFF24C36C6FBAF86E" blockId="22.[151,1437,912,2020]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Soft dorsal fin pointed, extending to middle or three quarters of caudal fin. D. XVI,9 (1), XVI,10 (4), XVII,9 (1), XVII,10 (2). Soft anal fin pointed, of about the same length as dorsal fin. A. VII,7 (2), VII,8 (5), VIII,7 (1). Anal fin pterygiophores 12(4), 13(4). Pelvic fin extending to second or third anal spine. Pectoral fin with third and fourth rays longest, extending to about the level of anus and just to the midlateral blotch. P. 12(1), 13(7) Caudal fin rounded to subtruncate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD29062FFF24C4DE6FB1FF50" blockId="23.[151,1435,152,258]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">All teeth caniniform, slightly curved. Outer row teeth increasing in size symphysiad, upper jaw anterior teeth longest, lower jaw anterior teeth subequal.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD29062FFF24C4AE6FD7FE88" blockId="23.[151,1435,152,258]" box="[197,687,232,258]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Lower pharyngeal tooth plate not studied.</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="B2BDEAA6AD29062FFF76C7D26DC1FC44" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181184/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" targetBox="[151,1435,302,908]" targetPageId="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD29062FFF76C7D26DC1FC44" blockId="23.[151,1435,916,974]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD29062FFF76C7D26C5EFC26" bold="true" box="[151,294,916,940]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD29062FFECCC7D36F59FC26" box="[301,545,917,940]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="charrua">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD29062FFECCC7D36F59FC26" box="[301,545,917,940]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Australoheros charrua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Holotype, MCP 13938, 77.9 mm SL, Arroyo Canoin, Rio Uruguai drainage, Brazil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD29062FFF24C0446843FB96" blockId="23.[151,1437,1026,2012]" box="[197,1339,1026,1052]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Gill rakers externally on first gill arch, 2 epibranchial,
|
||
<quantity id="213A17CBAD29062FFCA4C0446E0AFB96" box="[837,882,1026,1052]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
angle, 5(1), 6(5), 7(2) ceratobranchial.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD29062FFF24C06C6C74FBE6" blockId="23.[151,1437,1026,2012]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Vertebrae 13+13=26(1), 13+14=27(6), 14+14=28(1). Caudal peduncle containing 2(1), 0(3), 0.5(2), 1(2) vertebrae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD29062FFF24C03C6C27F9AE" blockId="23.[151,1437,1026,2012]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD29062FFF24C03C6C9DFB19" box="[197,485,1146,1171]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Color pattern in alcohol</emphasis>
|
||
. Basic coloration markings include six flank bars, i.e. three abdominal bars. The caudal spot bar is very narrow, with only a very small or completely missing caudal spot. The caudal peduncle bar is due to the very short caudal peduncle confluent with the darker caudal spot bar. Juvenile and subadult specimens do have a clearly developed caudal base spot above the lateral line. Vertical bars are relatively wide, faint, indistinct in their ventral parts. Other general aspects of the coloration are given above in the comparison of coloration patterns of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD29062FFDFCC1046FE5FAD1" box="[541,669,1346,1371]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="charrua">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD29062FFDFCC1046FE5FAD1" box="[541,669,1346,1371]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. charrua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD29062FFD4CC1046E51FAD1" box="[685,809,1346,1371]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD29062FFD4CC1046E51FAD1" box="[685,809,1346,1371]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. scitulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD29062FFC85C1046E89FAD1" box="[868,1009,1346,1371]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD29062FFC85C1046E95FAD1" box="[868,1005,1346,1371]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaaygua">A. kaaygua</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The arrangement of the bars on the body is essentially the same as described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD29062FFD58C12C6E4FFA09" box="[697,823,1386,1411]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD29062FFD58C12C6E4FFA09" box="[697,823,1386,1411]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. scitulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ř íčan & Kullander, 2003). Slight differences are found in the midlateral stripe. Compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD29062FFD74C1D46E76FA21" box="[661,782,1426,1451]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD29062FFD74C1D46E76FA21" box="[661,782,1426,1451]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. scitulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the midlateral stripe is even better developed and more continuous anteriorly from the midlateral blotch. Posterior from the midlateral blotch, the stripe is better described as a series of two blotches, the anterior one being centered in the E2 scale row, the posterior one in the E3 scale row.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD29062FFF24C2746E83F9C6" blockId="23.[151,1437,1026,2012]" box="[197,1019,1586,1612]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Unpaired fins without spots. Flank and head scales also without spots.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD29062FFF24C21C68EDF89E" blockId="23.[151,1437,1026,2012]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD29062FFF24C21C6C2DF9F9" box="[197,341,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Color in life</emphasis>
|
||
. No photographs of live specimens are known to us. Live fish probably look very similar to a fish photographed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8253C7DFAD29062FFE7BC2C46E7FF916" author="Staeck" box="[410,775,1666,1692]" pageId="23" pageNumber="51" refString="Staeck, W. (2003) " Cichlasoma " facetum Komplex: Ein Ruckblick auf die Anfange der Aquaristik. Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift, 9, 60 - 65." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="p">Staeck (2003: p. 63 upper left)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This photograph shows
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD29062FFBCFC2C469D1F911" box="[1070,1193,1666,1691]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD29062FFBCFC2C469D1F911" box="[1070,1193,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. scitulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the form referred to as
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD29062FFF3EC2EC6C75F949" box="[223,269,1706,1731]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">`C.`</emphasis>
|
||
sp. ”Quarai” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8253C7DFAD29062FFE26C2EC6E6DF94E" author="Lucena" box="[455,789,1706,1732]" pageId="23" pageNumber="51" refString="Lucena, C. A. S., & Kullander, S. O. (1992) The Crenicichla (Teleostei: Cichlidae) species of the Uruguai River drainage in Brazil. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 3, 97 - 160." type="journal article" year="1992">Lucena & Kullander, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), where some northern populations do not distinctly develop the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD29062FFEC6C2946CDAF961" box="[295,418,1746,1771]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD29062FFEC6C2946CDAF961" box="[295,418,1746,1771]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. scitulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
apomorphic spotting patterns, but are still distinguishable as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD29062FFB95C2946997F961" box="[1140,1263,1746,1771]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD29062FFB95C2946997F961" box="[1140,1263,1746,1771]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. scitulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
using meristic characters and some coloration characters as the posterior part of the midlateral stripe and mouth/head shape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AED8E9A5AD29062FFF24C3646C3EF806" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD29062FFF24C3646C3EF806" blockId="23.[151,1437,1026,2012]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD29062FFF24C3646C2CF8B1" box="[197,340,1826,1851]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="3979048CAD29062FFD87C3646FE0F8B6" box="[614,664,1826,1852]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD29062FFCFDC3646E1FF8B6" box="[796,871,1826,1852]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Rio Grande do Sul, Río
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD29062FFB6AC3646989F8B6" box="[1163,1265,1826,1852]" name="Uruguay" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
drainage (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7EF9A6ABAD29062FFA8CC3646DD0F8EE" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[248,1338,310,1587]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[248,1339,310,1587]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 2. Collecting localities of Australoheros charrua and A. scitulus (the scitulus group). A symbol may cover more than one collecting site." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181175/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), overlapping in distribution with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD29062FFDDDC30C6FBDF8E9" box="[572,709,1866,1891]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minuano">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD29062FFDDDC30C6FBDF8E9" box="[572,709,1866,1891]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. minuano</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="7EF9A6ABAD29062FFD35C30C6E55F8EE" box="[724,813,1866,1892]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="30.[151,255,1543,1567]" captionTargetBox="[230,1356,197,1518]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[230,1356,197,1519]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 14. Collecting localities of Australoheros kaaygua and A. minuano (the kaaygua group). A symbol may cover more than one collecting site." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181187/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
). Also
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD29062FFC63C30C6911F8E9" box="[898,1129,1866,1891]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Crenicichla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaucho">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD29062FFC63C30C6911F8E9" box="[898,1129,1866,1891]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Crenicichla gaucho</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the same limited area of distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AED8E9A5AD290621FF24C3DC6C86FAC8" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD29062FFF24C3DC6FC6F856" blockId="23.[151,1437,1026,2012]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD29062FFF24C3DC6C39F839" box="[197,321,1946,1971]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The species is named after the indigenous people of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD29062FFBE8C3DC6913F83E" box="[1033,1131,1946,1972]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="charrua">Charrua</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which inhabited an area including the Rio Grande do Sul State (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9ED5FABEAD29062FFD85C3846FCAF856" box="[612,690,1986,2012]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B2BDEAA6AD260620FF76C4D16E37FF56" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD260620FF76C4D16E37FF56" blockId="24.[151,1435,151,220]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FF76C4D16C6DFF25" bold="true" box="[151,277,151,175]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">TABLE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Significantly different values in characters in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FCE1C4DE6E0BFF25" box="[768,883,152,175]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="charrua">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FCE1C4DE6E0BFF25" box="[768,883,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. charrua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FC47C4DE6976FF25" box="[934,1038,152,175]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="facetus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FC47C4DE6976FF25" box="[934,1038,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. facetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(P <0.05; decreasing order of significance; mean values±SD, proportional measurements in percent).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD260620FCA3C4BB69B8FE9E" blockId="24.[159,1235,253,660]" box="[834,1216,253,276]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FCA3C4BB69B8FE9E" box="[834,1216,253,276]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FCA3C4BB6EE0FE9E" box="[834,920,253,276]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="charrua">charrua</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FB95C4BB69B8FE9E" box="[1140,1216,253,276]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="facetus">facetus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD260620FF7EC5616F5FFB30" blockId="24.[159,1235,253,660]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1437,744,2010]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Obrit diameter in head length 36.8±1.5 30.3±2.4 Ceratobranchial 1 gill rakers 6.1±0.6 7.9±0.7 Anal fin spines 7.1±0.3 6.1±0.3 Head length 32.4±1.0 34.5±1.5 caudal vertebrae 13.9±0.4 13.2±0.4 Snout length in head length 26.3±2.0 30.6±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="83F6DCE9AD260620FB53C5BB6DC8FDB4" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="5555" value="3.1">3.1 E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
0 scales 25.3±0.5 24.5±0.6 Pectoral fin rays 12.9±0.4 13.5±0.7 Body depth 46.9±1.5 49.1±2.1
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FF24C6AE6F5BFC8B" box="[197,547,744,769]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Notes.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FEF9C6AE6F5BFC8B" box="[280,547,744,769]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="charrua">Australoheros charrua</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FCE0C6AE6E05FC8B" box="[769,893,744,769]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FCE0C6AE6E05FC8B" box="[769,893,744,769]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. scitulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and also
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FC0EC6AE690BFC8B" box="[1007,1139,744,769]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaaygua">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FC0EC6AE690BFC8B" box="[1007,1139,744,769]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. kaaygua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see phylogenetic analyses) in general appearance, body shape (relatively deep-bodied), small isognathous snout, few C1 gill rakers (6), short caudal peduncle and coloration. Similarities in coloration (in preserved specimens) to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FB13C77E6813FCDB" box="[1266,1387,824,849]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FB13C77E6813FCDB" box="[1266,1387,824,849]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. scitulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FF76C7266C66FCF3" box="[151,286,864,889]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaaygua">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FF76C7266C66FCF3" box="[151,286,864,889]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. kaaygua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include a dominant longitudinal stripe and a prominent midlateral blotch and are described in more detail below. In general,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FE1DC7CE6F03FC2B" box="[508,635,904,929]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="charrua">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FE1DC7CE6F03FC2B" box="[508,635,904,929]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. charrua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FCB8C7CE6EABFC2B" box="[857,979,904,929]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FCB8C7CE6EABFC2B" box="[857,979,904,929]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. scitulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both in higher meristic counts, details of coloration patterns and head shape (mouth positioned low on head with the anterior upper margin of premaxilla well below the horizontal from the ventral margin of the eye). The mouth is positioned even lower on the head in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FEC5C0466CDCFB93" box="[292,420,1024,1049]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="charrua">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FEC5C0466CDCFB93" box="[292,420,1024,1049]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. charrua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FDE8C0466FFDFB93" box="[521,645,1024,1049]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FDE8C0466FFDFB93" box="[521,645,1024,1049]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. scitulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
making the straight ventral outline of the head aligned even more horizontally;
|
||
<figureCitation id="7EF9A6ABAD260620FED9C06E6CEBFBC8" box="[312,403,1064,1090]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="26.[151,255,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[166,1398,188,1634]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,176,1645]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 12. Head and snout shape differences among species of Australoheros The mouth has to be completely closed in the preserved fish to observe the sometimes slight differences." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181185/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FE4DC06E6F4CFBCB" box="[428,564,1064,1089]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaaygua">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FE4DC06E6F4CFBCB" box="[428,564,1064,1089]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. kaaygua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the other hand has similarities with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FBC4C06E69DBFBCB" box="[1061,1187,1064,1089]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FBC4C06E69DBFBCB" box="[1061,1187,1064,1089]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. scitulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in being spotted on unpaired fins and flank scales, but it can be easily distinguished from both,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FBE6C01669F9FBE3" box="[1031,1153,1104,1129]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FBE6C01669F9FBE3" box="[1031,1153,1104,1129]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. scitulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FB5BC0166840FBE3" box="[1210,1336,1104,1129]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="charrua">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FB5BC0166840FBE3" box="[1210,1336,1104,1129]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. charrua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in meristic counts. Both,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FE95C03E6C8BFB1B" box="[372,499,1144,1169]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="charrua">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FE95C03E6C8BFB1B" box="[372,499,1144,1169]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. charrua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FDCFC03E6FCAFB1B" box="[558,690,1144,1169]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaaygua">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FDCFC03E6FCAFB1B" box="[558,690,1144,1169]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. kaaygua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lack spots on the operculum, suboperculum and posterior part of head, diagnostic for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FE47C0E66F67FB33" box="[422,543,1184,1209]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FE47C0E66F67FB33" box="[422,543,1184,1209]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. scitulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD260620FF24C08E6C45FA80" blockId="24.[151,1437,744,2010]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
The similarities in coloration between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FD67C08E6E78FB6B" box="[646,768,1224,1249]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FD67C08E6E78FB6B" box="[646,768,1224,1249]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. scitulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FCEFC08E6EF4FB6B" box="[782,908,1224,1249]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="charrua">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FCEFC08E6EF4FB6B" box="[782,908,1224,1249]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. charrua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the below described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FB5DC08E6847FB6B" box="[1212,1343,1224,1249]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaaygua">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FB5DC08E6847FB6B" box="[1212,1343,1224,1249]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. kaaygua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include the following:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD260620FF24C15E6CA8FAD0" blockId="24.[151,1437,744,2010]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">1.The midlateral stripe is more distinctly developed anterior from the midlateral blotch than posterior from it in adult specimens.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD260620FF24C12E6C8DF960" blockId="24.[151,1437,744,2010]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
2.The midlateral stripe turns upwards posterior from the midlateral spot, whereas it follows the body axis in all the other species (except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FDE3C1D66FF1FA23" box="[514,649,1424,1449]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minuano">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FDE3C1D66FF1FA23" box="[514,649,1424,1449]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. minuano</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see below; i.e. it goes all the way along the body in scale rows E0 and E1). This bending is most pronounced in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FD22C1FE6E3CFA5B" box="[707,836,1464,1489]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="charrua">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FD22C1FE6E3CFA5B" box="[707,836,1464,1489]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. charrua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
where the midlateral blotch is centered in the E1 scale row, while the next posterior blotch is centered in the E2 scale row and the blotch in the last body bar is centered in the E3 scale row. This successive shift in the position of the body bars one scale row up per blotch makes the midlateral stripe look like turning up dorsally posteriad from the midlateral stripe. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FAF7C27668E4F9C3" box="[1302,1436,1584,1609]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaaygua">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FAF7C27668E4F9C3" box="[1302,1436,1584,1609]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. kaaygua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FF28C21E6C3AF9FB" box="[201,322,1624,1649]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scitulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FF28C21E6C3AF9FB" box="[201,322,1624,1649]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. scitulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the blotch posterior to the midlateral blotch is centered in the same scale row as the midlateral blotch (i.e. E1 scale row), and only the last blotch is very high on the body. However, all three share the feature that the midlateral stripe does not continue in the E0 scale row posterior to the midlateral blotch (which is also shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD260620FEBDC2966C9BF963" box="[348,483,1744,1769]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minuano">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD260620FEBDC2966C9BF963" box="[348,483,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. minuano</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD260620FF24C2BE6F10F8B0" blockId="24.[151,1437,744,2010]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">3.The midlateral blotch is very large, spanning from the E0 scales to the E3 scale row scales or at least into the dorsal half of the E2 row scales</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD260620FF24C30E6F99F800" blockId="24.[151,1437,744,2010]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">4.There is no clearly visible caudal base spot, mostly only a more pigmented narrow bar at the caudal base, which is fused with the caudal peduncle bar.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD260620FF24C3DE6C93F850" blockId="24.[151,1437,744,2010]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">5.All species develop always only three abdominal bars and there are also no traces of four developing bars in developmental series.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD270621FF24C4DE6F34FE88" blockId="25.[151,1436,152,258]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Additionally distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD270621FDA4C4DE6FB1FF3B" box="[581,713,152,177]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaaygua">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD270621FDA4C4DE6FB1FF3B" box="[581,713,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A. kaaygua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having more vertebrae (14 vs. 13), more E0 scales (25 vs. 24), more cheek scale rows (3–4 vs. 3) and pectoral fin rays (13 vs. 12), and in being less deep-bodied and with a shorter snout (see
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD270621FE5DC4AE6F43FE8B" box="[444,571,232,257]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="charrua">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD270621FE5DC4AE6F43FE8B" box="[444,571,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A. charrua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B2BDEAA6AD270621FF76C5096EF4FE04" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD270621FF76C5096EF4FE04" blockId="25.[151,1435,335,398]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD270621FF76C5096C6DFEED" bold="true" box="[151,277,335,359]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">TABLE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Significantly different values in characters in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD270621FCEFC5166EFBFEED" box="[782,899,336,359]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="charrua">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD270621FCEFC5166EFBFEED" box="[782,899,336,359]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A. charrua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD270621FC5BC516693FFEED" box="[954,1095,336,359]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="facetus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD270621FC5BC516693FFEED" box="[954,1095,336,359]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A. cf. facetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(P <0.05; decreasing order of significance; mean values±SD, proportional measurements in percent).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD270621FCA3C5F669BCFD4C" blockId="25.[159,1249,431,881]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD270621FCA3C5F66EE0FE4D" box="[834,920,432,455]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="charrua">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD270621FCA3C5F66EE0FE4D" box="[834,920,432,455]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">charrua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD270621FB95C5E96999FE4D" box="[1140,1249,431,455]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="facetus">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD270621FB74C5F66999FE4D" box="[1173,1249,432,455]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">facetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Head length 32.4±1.0 35.8±1.0 caudal vertebrae 13.9±0.4 13.1±0.3 Preorbital distance in head length 22.6±3.2 16.0±2.5 Caudal peduncle vertebrae 0.1±0.9 1.16±0.4 Caudal peduncle depth 40.2±6.5 48.1±3.5 Ceratobranchial 1 gill rakers 6.1±0.6 7.5±0.5
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD270621FF7EC69C6931FB40" blockId="25.[159,1249,431,881]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1437,1000,1346]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
E0 scales 25.3±0.5 24.4±0.6 Interorbital width in head length 35.3±2.6 31.1±2.5 Body depth 46.9±1.5 44.5±1.5 Pectoral fin length 30.3± 1.4 28.7± 1.0 Except for the coloration characters, distinguished from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD270621FC60C7AE6E8CFB8B" box="[897,1012,1000,1025]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="facetus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD270621FC60C7AE6E8CFB8B" box="[897,1012,1000,1025]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A. facetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like species also by a different head shape, with the mouth very low on the head, small terminal isognathous mouth and except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD270621FB29C056683EFBA3" box="[1224,1350,1040,1065]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guarani">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD270621FB29C056683EFBA3" box="[1224,1350,1040,1065]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A. guarani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also in having only three (indistinct) abdominal bars (vs. 4). Additionally distinguished from all in having more caudal vertebrae (14 vs. 13) and more E0 scales (25 vs. 24), from all except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD270621FC04C0266915FBF3" box="[997,1133,1120,1145]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minuano">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD270621FC04C0266915FBF3" box="[997,1133,1120,1145]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A. minuano</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having 6 C1 gill rakers (vs. 7–8), and from all except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD270621FE18C0CE6FEBFB2B" box="[505,659,1160,1186]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="facetus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD270621FE18C0CE6F6BFB2B" box="[505,531,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD270621FDA1C0CE6FEBFB2B" box="[576,659,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">facetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having 7 anal spines (vs. 6). For all meristic and morphometric differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD270621FE68C0F66F7FFB43" box="[393,519,1200,1225]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="charrua">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD270621FE68C0F66F7FFB43" box="[393,519,1200,1225]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A. charrua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD270621FD8DC0F66FA7FB43" box="[620,735,1200,1225]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="facetus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD270621FD8DC0F66FA7FB43" box="[620,735,1200,1225]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A. facetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like species see
|
||
<tableCitation id="AB408F95AD270621FC44C0F6693DFB40" box="[933,1093,1200,1226]" captionStart-0="TABLE 10" captionStart-1="TABLE 11" captionStart-2="TABLE 12" captionStart-3="TABLE 13" captionStartId-0="24.[151,239,151,175]" captionStartId-1="25.[151,239,335,359]" captionStartId-2="27.[151,239,151,175]" captionStartId-3="27.[151,239,687,711]" captionText-0="TABLE 10. Significantly different values in characters in A. charrua and A. facetus (P <0.05; decreasing order of significance; mean values ± SD, proportional measurements in percent)." captionText-1="TABLE 11. Significantly different values in characters in A. charrua and A. cf. facetus (P <0.05; decreasing order of significance; mean values ± SD, proportional measurements in percent)." captionText-2="TABLE 12. Significantly different values in characters in A. charrua and A. guarani (P <0.05; decreasing order of significance; mean values ± SD, proportional measurements in percent)." captionText-3="TABLE 13. Significantly different values in characters in A. charrua and A. minuano (P <0.05; decreasing order of significance; mean values ± SD, proportional measurements in percent)." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tables 10–13</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E67DBA2EAD270621FF24C09E6C86FAC8" blockId="25.[151,1437,1000,1346]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Also distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD270621FE0CC09E6F03FB7B" box="[493,635,1240,1265]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD270621FE0CC09E6F03FB7B" box="[493,635,1240,1265]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A. forquilha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD270621FD56C09E6E67FB7B" box="[695,799,1240,1265]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tembe">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD270621FD56C09E6E67FB7B" box="[695,799,1240,1265]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A. tembe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having fewer caudal peduncle vertebrae (none, or up to one vs. modally 2), and 7 anal fin spines (vs.
|
||
<quantity id="213A17CBAD270621FD04C1466E6AFA90" box="[741,786,1280,1306]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD270621FCF9C1466EDCFA93" box="[792,932,1280,1305]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD270621FCF9C1466EDCFA93" box="[792,932,1280,1305]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A. forquilha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD270621FC3DC146693AFA93" box="[988,1090,1280,1305]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tembe">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD270621FC3DC146693AFA93" box="[988,1090,1280,1305]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A. tembe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). From
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21C2C1ADAD270621FB7EC1466854FA93" box="[1183,1324,1280,1305]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Australoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forquilha">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B6663CAD270621FB7EC1466854FA93" box="[1183,1324,1280,1305]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A. forquilha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
additionally by 6 C1 gill rakers (vs. 8).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |