treatments-xml/data/37/45/63/37456317A049769AEF67FD3B37F370A3.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1599" ID-GBIF-Dataset="101e6920-3a47-47b8-b13f-09e665a76df7" ID-PMC="PMC3174444" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-4-95" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFD8E7279D12FFDD4360FFCDFFABE44B" ID-PubMed="22171183" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576074" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1314-2003-4-95" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 4" ModsDocTitle="A reassessment of Marquesan Ochrosia and Rauvolfia (Apocynaceae) with two new combinations" checkinTime="1555332277582" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lorence, David H. &amp; Butaud, Jean-Francois" docDate="2011" docId="37456317A049769AEF67FD3B37F370A3" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 4: 95-107" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1599" docTitle="Ochrosia brownii Lorence &amp; Butaud 2011, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFD8E7279D12FFDD4360FFCDFFABE44B" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="FFD8E7279D12FFDD4360FFCDFFABE44B" masterDocTitle="A reassessment of Marquesan Ochrosia and Rauvolfia (Apocynaceae) with two new combinations" masterLastPageNumber="107" masterPageNumber="95" pageNumber="97" updateTime="1668141354137" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A reassessment of Marquesan Ochrosia and Rauvolfia (Apocynaceae) with two new combinations</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lorence, David H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Butaud, Jean-Francois</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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<mods:start>95</mods:start>
<mods:end>107</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1599</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1599</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-4-95</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576074</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201658" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:37456317A049769AEF67FD3B37F370A3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/37456317A049769AEF67FD3B37F370A3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="2" pageNumber="97">
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="97" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName LSID="D6E607FB-E166-5C04-B318-68ACC52C31AE" authority="(Fosberg &amp; Sachet) Lorence &amp; Butaud" authorityName="Lorence &amp; Butaud" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Fosberg &amp; Sachet" baseAuthorityYear="2011" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ochrosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ochrosia brownii" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="brownii" status="comb. nov.">Ochrosia brownii (Fosberg &amp; Sachet) Lorence &amp; Butaud</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="97">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A, B Ochrosia brownii. A inflorescence and open flower and buds showing right-contorted corolla lobes (Vaipupui, Nuku Hiva, Feb. 2003, Butaud unvouchered) B branchlet with apocarpous fruit composed of paired mericarps (Vaipupui, Nuku Hiva, Butaud 8); C, D Ochrosia fatuhivensis. C inflorescence with open flower and buds, Hanativa (Fatu Hiva, Nov. 2009, Butaud 2458) D ripe mericarps, seed showing fibers and germinating seed (Hanativa, Fatu Hiva, Nov. 2009, Butaud 2458)." pageId="2" pageNumber="97">Figs 1A, B</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="97" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fosberg &amp; Sachet" authorityYear="1972" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Neisosperma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brownii">Neisosperma brownii</taxonomicName>
Fosberg &amp; Sachet, Micronesica 8: 49, 1972 [as 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Neiosperma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="97">Neiosperma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]). [Basionym]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="97" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="97">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="97">Marquesas Islands:</emphasis>
Nuku Hiva: without precise locality, 15 July 1921, F. B. H. Brown 541 (Holotype BISH-500905!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ochrosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="parviflora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="97">Ochrosia parviflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sensu F. Br., non (G. Forst.) Henslow
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="2" pageNumber="97" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="97">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="2" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="97">Tree</emphasis>
to 13 m tall, trunk to 24 cm diam., branchlets glabrous, leafy twigs 4-4.5 mm in diam, terete, drying wrinkled, older leafless twigs 6-7 mm in diam., latex white. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="97">Leaves</emphasis>
opposite on smaller branchlets, ternate on larger branchlets, petiolate, leaf axils with dark brown, linear-digitate colleters 1-1.5 mm long secreting pale yellow resin; blades obovate-elliptic, 9.4-16.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.2-6.4 cm, base narrowly cuneate, attenuate, apex shortly acuminate, glabrous, discolorous, drying brown above, yellowish-brown below, when fresh green to yellow green above, pale green below, both surfaces glossy, secondary veins 15-20 on each side, secondary and tertiary veins visible above, prominulous beneath, margins conspicuously and tightly revolute; petioles 
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="98" start="start">17</pageBreakToken>
-33 mm long, 1.7-2 mm in diam. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Inflorescence</emphasis>
terminal, 7-12 cm long, trichotomous, branching to the third degree, with 2 primary branches at apex of peduncle, each with 12-18 flowers, glabrous, axes with small, scale-like bracts; flowers on pedicels 1.5-4 mm long, 5-merous; calyx lobes obtuse to rounded, 2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5 mm; corolla in bud to 10 mm long; corolla at anthesis white, fragrant, corolla tube 6-7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3 mm, corolla lobes 5, contorted to the right, 6-7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-25 mm, rounded at apex; ovary conical, 0.7-0.8 mm long, bicarpellate, style 0.8 mm long, stigmatic head ovoid, 0.7-0.8 mm long with tuft of hairs at apex and green ring (but no collar) at base, nectary 0.3 mm, 2-lobed, the lobes alternating with and partly covering the carpels. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Infructescence</emphasis>
with peduncle c. 17 cm long; fruits composed of two fleshy mericarps, when fresh orange at maturity, ellipsoid, 37-53 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
27-37 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
25-36 mm, mesocarp orange, 5 mm thick; endocarp externally fibrous, internally woody, 31-48 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
23-33 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
19-27 mm, the fibers to 1.5 mm in diam. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Seed</emphasis>
2 per fruit, ellipsoid, 25 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
23-26 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
c. 4 mm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="98" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="98">
Nuku Hiva, Marquesas Islands, originally known only from the type collected in the vicinity of the Toovii plateau at about 900 m (
<bibRefCitation author="Brown, FBH" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum Bulletin" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 386" refId="B1" refString="Brown, FBH, 1935. Flora of Southeastern Polynesia. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 130: 1 - 386" title="Flora of Southeastern Polynesia. Bernice P." volume="130" year="1935">Brown 1935</bibRefCitation>
). The species was rediscovered by 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jean-François">Jean-Francois</normalizedToken>
Butaud in 2003 on Nuku Hiva where a single tree and some juveniles were located on the Vaioa plateau (at Matahamo, also called Vaipupui) SE of Toovii.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="98" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="98">
This species occurs in evergreen wet forest between 730 and 900 m elevation, with species of 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="98" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Hibiscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Ixora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="98" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Ixora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="98" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Metrosideros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pandanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="98" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Pandanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Leiothrichidae" genus="Phyllanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Phyllanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1771" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Premna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Premna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Wikstroemia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Thymelaeales" pageId="3" pageNumber="98" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Wikstroemia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Flacourtiaceae" genus="Xylosma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Violales" pageId="3" pageNumber="98" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Xylosma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and ferns including 
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Aspleniaceae" genus="Asplenium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="98" phylum="Polypodiopsida" rank="species" species="australasicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Asplenium australasicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(J. Sm.) Hook., 
<taxonomicName class="Filicopsida" family="Dennstaedtiaceae" genus="Histiopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="98" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="species" species="incisa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Histiopteris incisa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Thunb.) J. Sm., and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. B. Andrews" authorityYear="1990" baseAuthorityName="Langsd. &amp; Fisch." class="Filicopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" genus="Microsorum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="98" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="species" species="grossum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Microsorum grossum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Langsd. &amp; Fisch.) Brownlie.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="98" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="98">
When evaluated using the IUCN criteria for endangerment (IUCN 
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN," journalOrPublisher="Chromosome Botany" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" publicationUrl="www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001" refId="B8" refString="IUCN, , 2001. IUCN Red List categories v.3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. Gland, Switzerland (Ed.)., www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001" title="IUCN Red List categories v. 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. Gland, Switzerland (Ed.)." url="www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
) 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lorence &amp; Butaud" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Fosberg &amp; Sachet" baseAuthorityYear="2011" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ochrosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="98" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="brownii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Ochrosia brownii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
falls into the Critically Endangered (CR) category, which designates species facing the highest risk of extinction in the wild. IUCN Red List Category: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Critically Endangered</emphasis>
(CR) B1a, b; B2a, B2b (
<normalizedToken originalValue="i–iii">i-iii</normalizedToken>
): B1, extent of occurrence estimated to be less than 100 km2, and B1a, known to exist at only a single location; B1b (i-iii), continuing projected decline in (i) extent of occurrence, (ii) area of occupancy, and (iii) area, extent and quality of habitat; B2, area of occupancy estimated to be less than 10 km2, and B2a, a single population known. B2b (
<normalizedToken originalValue="i–iii">i-iii</normalizedToken>
), habitat continuing decline inferred. The suitable habitat for 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lorence &amp; Butaud" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Fosberg &amp; Sachet" baseAuthorityYear="2011" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ochrosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="98" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="brownii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Ochrosia brownii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on Nuku Hiva (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">c.</emphasis>
340 km2) is indicated as an endangered environment, threatened by human activity (deforestation and fire), feral animals, and invasive plants, reducing the extent of the forest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="98" type="specimens examined">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="98">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Marquesas Islands:</emphasis>
Nuku Hiva: Matahamo, Vaioa, fin de la piste 
<normalizedToken originalValue="forestière">forestiere</normalizedToken>
, 758 m, 2 Jan. 2003, Butaud 8 (PAP); Matahamo, Vaioa, 758 m, 9 Feb. 2003, Butaud 10 (PAP); Vaipupui, amont de la piste 
<normalizedToken originalValue="forestière">forestiere</normalizedToken>
menant 
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
la 
<normalizedToken originalValue="dernière">derniere</normalizedToken>
parcelle de pins, 737 m, 27 Jan. 2010, Butaud &amp; Benne 2586 (PAP).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="3" pageNumber="98" type="discusison">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="98">Discusison.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">
Since 2006, a conservation plan proposed by the Environment Direction of French Polynesia has been implemented, with conservation 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">ex situ</emphasis>
(seed collection and conservatory plantings) and 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="98">in situ</emphasis>
(fencing enclosure of the population and enrichment planting of seedlings inside)
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="99" start="start">.</pageBreakToken>
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">A, B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lorence &amp; Butaud" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Fosberg &amp; Sachet" baseAuthorityYear="2011" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ochrosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="brownii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Ochrosia brownii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
inflorescence and open flower and buds showing right-contorted corolla lobes (Vaipupui, Nuku Hiva, Feb. 2003, Butaud unvouchered) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
branchlet with apocarpous fruit composed of paired mericarps (Vaipupui, Nuku Hiva, Butaud 8); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">C, D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fosberg &amp; Sachet, Micronesica 8: 48" authorityYear="1972" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ochrosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="99" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="fatuhivensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">Ochrosia fatuhivensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
inflorescence with open flower and buds, Hanativa (Fatu Hiva, Nov. 2009, Butaud 2458) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
ripe mericarps, seed showing fibers and germinating seed (Hanativa, Fatu Hiva, Nov. 2009, Butaud 2458).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>