treatments-xml/data/D1/7D/B4/D17DB4C36AF55B5BB4DA63EC336AA5E9.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828" ID-PMC="PMC6023953" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-100-9" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF85B4031C7BFFDBFFFC3642FFC5FFA4" ID-PubMed="29962890" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1300060" ModsDocID="1314-2003-100-9" checkinTime="1529641997768" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ortiz, Rosa del C." docDate="2018" docId="D17DB4C36AF55B5BB4DA63EC336AA5E9" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 100: 9-89" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 100" docPubDate="2018-06-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828" docTitle="Curarea gentryana R. Ortiz 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FF85B4031C7BFFDBFFFC3642FFC5FFA4" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="FF85B4031C7BFFDBFFFC3642FFC5FFA4" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of Curarea Barneby &amp; Krukoff (Menispermaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="89" masterPageNumber="9" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1668138919646" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of Curarea Barneby &amp; Krukoff (Menispermaceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ortiz, Rosa del C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4673-4347</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rosa.ortiz-gentry@mobot.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2018-06-21</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>100</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start>9</mods:start>
<mods:end>89</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-100-9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1300060</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225081" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D17DB4C36AF55B5BB4DA63EC336AA5E9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D17DB4C36AF55B5BB4DA63EC336AA5E9" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="36">
5. 
<taxonomicName LSID="D17DB4C3-6AF5-5B5B-B4DA-63EC336AA5E9" authority="R. Ortiz" authorityName="R. Ortiz" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Curarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Curarea gentryana" order="Ranunculales" pageId="27" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gentryana" status="sp. nov.">Curarea gentryana R.Ortiz</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="27" pageNumber="36">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Curarea gentryana staminate plant: A flowering branch B detail of inflorescence C flower bud D inner sepal, adaxial surface E-F outer and inner petals, abaxial and latero-adaxial surfaces G-H outer stamens, abaxial and lateral views I pistillate plant, infructescence (A-H based on Rubio &amp; Quelal 1503 I based on Aulestia et al. 9)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211316" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="36" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="36">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="36">The species is distinguished from its congeners by its staminate flowers with the lateral margins of inner petals adaxially connate or connivent, also by its large broadly obovoid or ellipsoid drupelet that has a silvery tomentellous indumentum.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="36">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1991-04-15" collectingDateMax="1991-04-29" collectingDateMin="1991-04-15" collectorName="Rubio, Quelal" country="Ecuador" county="San Lorenzo Canton" elevation="100" latitude="1.15" location="Parroquia Ricaurte" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-78.51667" municipality="Reserva Indigena Awa" specimenCount="♂" stateProvince="Esmeraldas" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Esmeraldas">Esmeraldas</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty>San Lorenzo Canton</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>
Reserva 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Indígena">Indigena</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Awá">Awa</normalizedToken>
</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D17DB4C36AF55B5BB4DA63EC336AA5E9:17AEACC2AC78AB9766281AFCEA828C2D" country="Ecuador" county="San Lorenzo Canton" latitude="1.15" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-78.51667" municipality="Reserva Indigena Awa" name="Parroquia Ricaurte" stateProvince="Esmeraldas">Parroquia Ricaurte</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D17DB4C36AF55B5BB4DA63EC336AA5E9:514065A1EE0D688E93E5F925E2A241E1" country="Ecuador" county="San Lorenzo Canton" latitude="1.15" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-78.51667" municipality="Reserva Indigena Awa" name="Comunidad Balsareno" stateProvince="Esmeraldas">
Comunidad 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Balsareño">Balsareno</normalizedToken>
</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D17DB4C36AF55B5BB4DA63EC336AA5E9:5AB403600822EFFE422C5A176A0BEE76" country="Ecuador" county="San Lorenzo Canton" latitude="1.15" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-78.51667" municipality="Reserva Indigena Awa" name="Rio Palabi" stateProvince="Esmeraldas">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Palabí">Palabi</normalizedToken>
</location>
, bosque muy 
<normalizedToken originalValue="húmedo">humedo</normalizedToken>
tropical, bosque primario, disturbado, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="01" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="1.15">01°09'N</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="078" direction="west" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.51667">078°31'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1991-04-15" valueMax="1991-04-29" valueMin="1991-04-15">15-29 Apr 1991</collectingDate>
, (
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">
<collectorName>Rubio</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Quelal</collectorName>
1503
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
: MO!; isotypes: NY!, QCNE!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="36" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="36">Note.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="36">
The earlier listing of the name in 
<bibRefCitation author="Ortiz-Gentry, R" journalOrPublisher="Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 63" pageId="49" pageNumber="58" refId="B47" refString="Ortiz-Gentry, R, 2000. Systematic revision of Curarea Barneby &amp; Krukoff (Menispermaceae). MS Thesis, University of Missouri, St. Louis." title="Systematic revision of Curarea Barneby &amp; Krukoff (Menispermaceae). MS Thesis, University of Missouri, St. Louis." year="2000">Ortiz-Gentry (2000)</bibRefCitation>
does not constitute effective publication as per article 30.8 of the Melbourne Code (
<bibRefCitation author="MacNeill, J" journalOrPublisher="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" publicationUrl="http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main" refId="B40" refString="MacNeill, J, Barrie, FR, Buck, WR, Demoulin, V, Greuter, W, Hawksworth, DL, Herendeen, PS, Knapp, S, Marhold, K, Prado, J, Prud'homme van Reine, WF, Smith, JF, Wiersema, JH, Turland, NJ, 2012. International Code of Nomenclature for Agae, Fungi, and Plants (Melbourne Code): adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011. Regnum Vegetabile 154. Koeltz Scientific Books. http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main" title="International Code of Nomenclature for Agae, Fungi, and Plants (Melbourne Code): adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011. Regnum Vegetabile 154. Koeltz Scientific Books." url="http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main" year="2012">MacNeill et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
), and is therefore here being validated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="36">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="36">
Medium-sized understory 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">lianas</emphasis>
ca. 8 m tall, older stems more or less terete, 0.5-1 cm diameter, bark dark brown, with shallow lengthwise fissures and conspicuously tuberculate-lenticellate; branchlets brownish strigillose-tomentellous to glabrate. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">Leaves</emphasis>
: blades 17-22 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
14-23 cm; broadly ovate, base truncate or weakly cordate, apex acuminate, cuspidate when juvenile; chartaceous when mature or when exposed to direct sunlight, otherwise membranous; surfaces discolorous, lustrous and glabrous adaxially, finely silvery web-like abaxially, indumentum concealing the surface, persistent at all stages; 5-palmatinerved, innermost pair of main veins acrodromous imperfect at all stages, midrib and lateral nerves slightly raised to weakly sunken adaxially, conspicuously raised abaxially, secondary veins 2(3) pairs, arising above the middle of the blade, veinlets raised on both surfaces; petioles 11.3-16.9 cm long, ridged, silvery or brownish strigillose-tomentellous to glabrate, weakly pulvinate at both ends, apical one conspicuous, rugulose. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">Staminate inflorescences</emphasis>
fascicled, axillary or cauliflorous, lax thyrsi (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Curarea gentryana staminate plant: A flowering branch B detail of inflorescence C flower bud D inner sepal, adaxial surface E-F outer and inner petals, abaxial and latero-adaxial surfaces G-H outer stamens, abaxial and lateral views I pistillate plant, infructescence (A-H based on Rubio &amp; Quelal 1503 I based on Aulestia et al. 9)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211316" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">19A-B</figureCitation>
), silvery or brownish strigillose-tomentellous to glabrate; axes ca. 7.6 cm long; primary branches ca. 4 cm long, with several (2-5) orders of cymose branching, less frequently the higher branch orders are reduced on alternating sides, appearing racemiform; bracts ca. 1.1 mm long, lanceolate, concave, fleshy, indumentum as on inflorescence. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">Pistillate inflorescences</emphasis>
unknown. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">Staminate flowers</emphasis>
ca. 1.3 mm long, cream; pedicels ca. 0.7 mm long, terete, indumentum as on inflorescence; bracteoles 1-2, ca. 0.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.2 mm, ovate or oblong, fleshy, glabrous adaxially, silvery tomentellous abaxially; sepals 6, glabrous adaxially, silvery tomentellous abaxially; outer sepals ca. 1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.6 mm, narrowly ovate or ovate-rhombic, base obtuse to truncate, apex acute or obtuse; inner sepals ca. 1.6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.9 mm, obovate or weakly rhombic, base obtuse to cuneate, apex acute to obtuse, tip of inner sepals erect to strongly reflexed at anthesis; petals 6, ca.0.8- 0.9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.4-0.5 mm, narrowly obovate-trilobed to strongly spatulate, the latter the more so when there are only three stamens, moderately concave, membranous, glabrous adaxially, glabrous or sparsely silvery tomentellous abaxially, base cuneate or strongly clawed, lateral margins strongly inflexed, partially clasping the filaments and sometimes the inner ones are adaxially connate or coherent, when 3 stamens are present, apex rounded to slightly retuse or truncate; stamens 3(-6), 1(2)-whorled, filaments ca. 0.6 mm long, clavate, free (or variously connate when 4-6), glabrous; anthers ca. 0.3 mm long, erect, connective adaxially thicker, sometimes forming a keel at the base of the anthers, apically overgrowing thecae and forming a hump when older (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Curarea gentryana staminate plant: A flowering branch B detail of inflorescence C flower bud D inner sepal, adaxial surface E-F outer and inner petals, abaxial and latero-adaxial surfaces G-H outer stamens, abaxial and lateral views I pistillate plant, infructescence (A-H based on Rubio &amp; Quelal 1503 I based on Aulestia et al. 9)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211316" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">19H</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">Pistillate flowers</emphasis>
unknown. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">Infructescences</emphasis>
axes ca. (1.3)3.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.3-0.4 cm, conspicuously lenticellate, strigillose-tomentellous or glabrate; fruiting pedicels (in immature fruits) 4.7-6.3 mm long, terete; carpophores 2.5-3.1 mm long, terete in immature fruits, not seen in mature fruits, truncate at apex, velutinous. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">Drupelets</emphasis>
3.6-4.6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.1-2.8 cm, (colour when ripe unknown), weakly obovoid or ellipsoid (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Curarea gentryana staminate plant: A flowering branch B detail of inflorescence C flower bud D inner sepal, adaxial surface E-F outer and inner petals, abaxial and latero-adaxial surfaces G-H outer stamens, abaxial and lateral views I pistillate plant, infructescence (A-H based on Rubio &amp; Quelal 1503 I based on Aulestia et al. 9)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211316" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">19I</figureCitation>
), weakly eccentrically attached, base obtuse, stylar scar not apparent; exocarp ca. 2.6 mm thick, surface rugose, sparsely brownish velutinous tomentellous or glabrate, granular when dried; mesocarp thin and mucilaginous; endocarp ca. 3.7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.2 cm, papyraceous, surface smooth. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">Seeds</emphasis>
with embryo ca. 8 cm long, cotyledons unequal.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1300096" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211316" pageId="27" pageNumber="36" start="Figure 19" startId="F19">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">Figure 19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. Ortiz" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Curarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Curarea gentryana" order="Ranunculales" pageId="27" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gentryana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">Curarea gentryana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
staminate plant: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">A</emphasis>
flowering branch 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">B</emphasis>
detail of inflorescence 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">C</emphasis>
flower bud 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">D</emphasis>
inner sepal, adaxial surface 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">E-F</emphasis>
outer and inner petals, abaxial and latero-adaxial surfaces 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">G-H</emphasis>
outer stamens, abaxial and lateral views 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">I</emphasis>
pistillate plant, infructescence (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">A-H</emphasis>
based on 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">Rubio &amp; Quelal 1503</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">I</emphasis>
based on 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="36">Aulestia et al. 9</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="37">
<pageBreakToken pageId="28" pageNumber="37" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
and ecology.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. Ortiz" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Curarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Curarea gentryana" order="Ranunculales" pageId="28" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gentryana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="37">Curarea gentryana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from northwestern Ecuador (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Geographic distribution of Curarea barnebyana, C. candicans, C. crassa, C. cuatrecasasii and C. gentryana." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211306" pageId="28" pageNumber="37">9</figureCitation>
), at elevations of 80-225 m. It is found along creek margins in lowland tropical wet forest. Flowering specimens were collected in April and fruiting specimens were found in February, April and July.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="38" type="common names and uses. ecuador">
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="38">
<pageBreakToken pageId="29" pageNumber="38" start="start">Common</pageBreakToken>
names and uses. Ecuador.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="38">
<normalizedToken originalValue="“granadilla”">&quot;granadilla&quot;</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="38">Rubio &amp; Quelal 1434</emphasis>
, imm fr).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="38" type="eponymy">
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="38">Eponymy.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="38">The specific epithet honours the late Dr. Alwyn H. Gentry, a dedicated and extraordinary botanist and inspiring mentor, who died tragically in a plane crash in August 1993 while surveying a dry forest reserve in western Ecuador.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="38" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="38">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="38">
The species is known only from four collections from three localities from northwestern Ecuador. Assessment based on these collections resulted in an Extent of Occurrence (EOO) of 92.6 km2 and an Area of Occupancy (AOO) of 12 km2. The three localities represent three subpopulations, each found in a small communal protected area (Reserva Etnica 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Awá">Awa</normalizedToken>
), the surrounding area of which has been subject to increased land conversion. Therefore, it is expected that the species will in the future be negatively affected by loss of its habitat quality that may lead to reduction in the population and potentially threatening its survival. Thus, 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. gentryana" order="Ranunculales" pageId="29" pageNumber="38" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="gentryana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="38">C. gentryana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is assigned a preliminary status of Endangered [EN, B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v) + B2ab(ii,iii,iv,v)].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="38">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="38">
The velutinous tomentellous indumentum covering the large obovoid or ellipsoid drupelets and the web-like indumentum on the abaxial surface of the broadly ovate leaves are unique to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. Ortiz" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Curarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Curarea gentryana" order="Ranunculales" pageId="29" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gentryana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="38">Curarea gentryana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The staminate inflorescences of 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. gentryana" order="Ranunculales" pageId="29" pageNumber="38" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="gentryana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="38">C. gentryana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
somewhat resemble those of 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. cuatrecasasii" order="Ranunculales" pageId="29" pageNumber="38" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="cuatrecasasii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="38">C. cuatrecasasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. gentryana" order="Ranunculales" pageId="29" pageNumber="38" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="gentryana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="38">C. gentryana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the spatulate inner petals with the lateral margins adaxially connate; spatulate inner petals may also be found in 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. cuatrecasasii" order="Ranunculales" pageId="29" pageNumber="38" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="cuatrecasasii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="38">C. cuatrecasasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the lateral margins are not adaxially connate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="38" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="38">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="38">ECUADOR. Esmeraldas</emphasis>
: San Lorenzo Canton, Reserva 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Indígena">Indigena</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Awá">Awa</normalizedToken>
, Parroquia Ricaurte, Centro Guadualito, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="01" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="1.25">01°15'N</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="078" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.666664">078°40W</geoCoordinate>
, 80 m, 20-29 Apr 1992, (fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="38">Aulestia et al. 9</emphasis>
(MO!, QCNE!); Creek on left side of Rio 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Palaví">Palavi</normalizedToken>
, going up river, 2 bends up from 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Awá">Awa</normalizedToken>
encampment past first island, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="01" direction="north" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="1.1166667">01°07N</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="078" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.61667">078°37'W</geoCoordinate>
, 225 m, 14 Feb 1988, (imm fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="38">Hoover et al. 4530</emphasis>
(MO!); Comunidad 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Balsareño">Balsareno</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Palabí">Palabi</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="01" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="1.15">01°09'N</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="078" direction="west" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.51667">078°31W</geoCoordinate>
, 100 m, 15-29 Apr 1991, (fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="38">Rubio &amp; Quelal 1434</emphasis>
(MO!, QCNE!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>