treatments-xml/data/C0/07/09/C0070973D217E07FFF58F96EFE3FFEFC.xml

<document id="273EB82D6C139C12EA6B0E3A8BA95DF7" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.178199" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9fbcb7c4-f093-485a-806e-532e93fff8ac" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="178199" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459886151241" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Grant, Taran" docDate="2007" docId="C0070973D217E07FFF58F96EFE3FFEFC" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01555p051.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1555" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Colostethus ucumari Grant, 2007, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="3C3E710BD216E075FFCFFFA3FFE5FFD6" masterDocTitle="A new, toxic species of Colostethus (Anura: Dendrobatidae: Colostethinae) from the Cordillera Central of Colombia" masterLastPageNumber="51" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1698227808342" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="B840F7139F0F7E26292189E5D2E79F3D">A new, toxic species of Colostethus (Anura: Dendrobatidae: Colostethinae) from the Cordillera Central of Colombia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DE9980029481231114B4899B384D4DF2">Grant, Taran</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="387C09FA5B1905B381E1B232279EF946">2007</mods:date>
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<treatment id="C0070973D217E07FFF58F96EFE3FFEFC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6250585" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119371535" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6250585" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C0070973D217E07FFF58F96EFE3FFEFC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C0070973D217E07FFF58F96EFE3FFEFC" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
<subSubSection id="00B4EBEED217E074FF58F96EFEE1F8DC" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4811B865D217E074FF58F96EFDD4F931" blockId="1.[151,561,1741,1802]" box="[151,561,1741,1767]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
<heading id="13590F09D217E074FF58F96EFDD4F931" bold="true" box="[151,561,1741,1767]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" reason="1">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D217E074FF58F96EFDD4F931" bold="true" box="[151,561,1741,1767]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D217E074FF58F96EFE7FF931" bold="true" box="[151,410,1741,1767]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D217E074FF58F96EFE71F931" ID-CoL="X8HF" box="[151,404,1741,1767]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari" status="sp. nov.">Colostethus ucumari</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="61E9D90CD217E074FE6EF96EFDD4F931" box="[417,561,1741,1767]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="4811B865D217E074FF58F953FEE1F8DC" blockId="1.[151,561,1741,1802]" box="[151,260,1776,1802]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
<figureCitation id="D095A4E0D217E074FF58F953FEE1F8DC" box="[151,260,1776,1802]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="2.[151,255,1382,1406]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,255,1011,1035]" captionStartId-2="3.[151,255,1971,1995]" captionStartId-3="4.[151,255,983,1007]" captionStartId-4="5.[151,255,1974,1998]" captionStartId-5="6.[151,255,611,635]" captionStartId-6="6.[151,255,1462,1486]" captionStartId-7="7.[151,255,1962,1986]" captionTargetBox-0="[183,1403,217,1338]" captionTargetBox-1="[152,1434,354,987]" captionTargetBox-2="[174,1417,1124,1952]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1434,194,957]" captionTargetBox-4="[188,1399,178,1949]" captionTargetBox-5="[164,1422,167,590]" captionTargetBox-6="[155,1431,718,1437]" captionTargetBox-7="[413,1189,211,1917]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[156,1432,197,1355]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[152,1435,354,988]" captionTargetId-2="figure@3.[174,1418,1124,1953]" captionTargetId-3="figure@4.[151,1435,194,959]" captionTargetId-4="figure@5.[188,1400,136,1950]" captionTargetId-5="figure@6.[164,1424,167,590]" captionTargetId-6="figure@6.[155,1432,718,1438]" captionTargetId-7="figure@7.[399,1189,194,1931]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionTargetPageId-3="4" captionTargetPageId-4="5" captionTargetPageId-5="6" captionTargetPageId-6="6" captionTargetPageId-7="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Colostethus ucumari new species adult male AMNH 104369 in life, SVL = 24.0 mm. Photograph by Charles W. Myers." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Colostethus ucumari new species adult male holotype ICN 28598, SVL = 22.1 mm. (A) Ventral view. (B) Dorsal view. (C) Lateral view." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Cloacal tubercles of Colostethus ucumari new species (ICN 28600)." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Hand morphology of Colostethus ucumari new species. (A) Left hand of adult male holotype ICN 28598. Hand length = 6.5 mm. Note the swelling along the preaxial side of Finger III. (B) Left hand of adult female paratype ICN 38766. Hand length = 7.7 mm. Finger III is not swollen." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Foot morphology of Colostethus ucumari new species (ICN 38769). Foot length = 10.6 mm." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Variation in ventral coloration of male Colostethus ucumari new species. Left to right: ICN 38769 (SVL = 27.0 mm), ICN 28556 (SVL = 22.5 mm), ICN 28575 (SVL = 22.1 mm), ICN 38768 (SVL = 22.6 mm)." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Variation in ventral coloration of female Colostethus ucumari new species. Left to right: ICN 15636 (SVL = 30.0 mm), ICN 38767 (SVL = 29.8 mm), ICN 28600 (SVL = 30.0 mm)." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Ventral coloration of Colostethus ucumari new species in life. (A) Adult male AMNH 104369 (SVL = 24.0 mm). (B) Adult female AMNH 104371 (SVL = 25.4 mm). Photographs by Charles W. Myers." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/178200/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/178201/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/178202/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/178203/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/178204/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/178205/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/178206/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/178207/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Figs. 1–8</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00B4EBEED217E077FF58F89CFDA0FA3B" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4811B865D217E074FF58F89CFD92F804" blockId="1.[151,1436,1855,2002]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
<typeStatus id="971506C7D217E074FF58F89CFEE1F88F" box="[151,260,1855,1881]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D217E074FF58F89CFEE1F88F" bold="true" box="[151,260,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode id="2EBF20A0D217E074FEDCF8E3FEA0F88C" box="[275,325,1856,1882]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/xsgz-nxkh" name="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">ICN</collectionCode>
28598 (field number JHR 2404), an adult male collected by Javier Bustos, Erika Nadachos K., Michael Alberico, and Jorge Humberto Restrepo at 
<collectingCountry id="30B9F8F5D217E074FCCEF8CBFC9DF854" box="[769,888,1896,1922]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Departamento de Risaralda, Parque Regional Natural 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D217E074FF35F833FE81F87C" box="[250,356,1936,1962]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari">Ucumarí</taxonomicName>
, Campamento La Pastora, Quebrada La Pastora, 
<quantity id="8F561580D217E074FC71F833FBFEF87C" box="[958,1051,1936,1962]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="2500.0">2500 m</quantity>
above sea level, approximately 
<geoCoordinate id="2D9ADEA2D217E074FF58F81BFF15F804" box="[151,240,1976,2002]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" precision="925" value="4.7">4°42’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="2D9ADEA2D217E074FF33F81BFE82F804" box="[252,359,1976,2002]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" precision="925" value="-75.48333">75°29’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="3C109EA5D217E074FEBBF81BFD96F804" box="[372,627,1976,2002]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" value="1991-02-15" valueMax="1991-02-17" valueMin="1991-02-15">15–17 February 1991</date>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="1CD1E8EDD214E077FF58FAC5FEBAFA76" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178200/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" targetBox="[183,1403,217,1338]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="4811B865D214E077FF58FAC5FEBAFA76" blockId="2.[151,1436,1382,1440]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D214E077FF58FAC5FEF8FAA8" bold="true" box="[151,285,1382,1406]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D214E077FEE7FAC5FDEFFAAB" box="[296,522,1382,1405]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D214E077FEE7FAC5FDEFFAAB" box="[296,522,1382,1405]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Colostethus ucumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="61E9D90CD214E077FDDAFAC5FD7CFAAB" box="[533,665,1382,1405]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
adult male AMNH 104369 in life, SVL = 24.0 mm. Photograph by Charles W. Myers.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<emphasis id="7ADA6477D214E077FF0AFA70FE95FA3B" bold="true" box="[197,368,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Paratopotypes</emphasis>
: 
<collectionCode id="2EBF20A0D214E077FEB0FA70FE57FA3B" box="[383,434,1491,1517]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/xsgz-nxkh" name="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">ICN</collectionCode>
28599–600.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00B4EBEED214E077FF0AFA58FA91F90B" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="description">
<paragraph id="4811B865D214E077FF0AFA58FA91F90B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1491,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
<typeStatus id="971506C7D214E077FF0AFA58FED9F9C3" box="[197,316,1531,1557]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D214E077FF0AFA58FED9F9C3" bold="true" box="[197,316,1531,1557]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Paratypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
: All from 
<collectingCountry id="30B9F8F5D214E077FE0CFA58FDDEF9C3" box="[451,571,1531,1557]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Colombia</collectingCountry>
. ICN 28551–52, 28556, 28575–76: Departamento de Risaralda, Parque Regional Natural 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D214E077FEA1F980FE3DF9EB" box="[366,472,1571,1597]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari">Ucumarí</taxonomicName>
, Campamento La Pastora, Quebrada La Pastora, 
<quantity id="8F561580D214E077FBE1F980FB68F9EB" box="[1070,1165,1571,1597]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4899999999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="2490.0">2490 m</quantity>
. ICN 15636: Departamento de Quindío, Hacienda El Carelia, ca. 
<quantity id="8F561580D214E077FD6FF9E8FD39F9B3" box="[672,732,1611,1637]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
E Salento, 
<quantity id="8F561580D214E077FCAAF9E8FC27F9B3" box="[869,962,1611,1637]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.41" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="2410.0">2410 m</quantity>
. ICN 38766–69: Departamento de Risaralda, Pijao, Vereda Guamal, Finca La Cristalina, 
<quantity id="8F561580D214E077FCDFF9D0FC59F95B" box="[784,956,1651,1677]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2009999999999996" metricValueMax="2.25" metricValueMin="2.152" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="2201.0" valueMax="2250.0" valueMin="2152.0">2152–2250 m</quantity>
. UTACV 39728–29: Departamento de Tolima, 
<quantity id="8F561580D214E077FF37F938FEB4F963" box="[248,337,1691,1717]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.26696832" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="mi" value="20.3">20.3 mi</quantity>
WNW Cajamarca. KU 133306–13: Departamento de Caldas, 
<quantity id="8F561580D214E077FBE5F938FB83F963" box="[1066,1126,1691,1717]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
ESE Villa María, 
<quantity id="8F561580D214E077FAF3F938FA7DF963" box="[1340,1432,1691,1717]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.13" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="2130.0">2130 m</quantity>
. AMNH 104369–74: Departamento de Caldas, 
<quantity id="8F561580D214E077FD75F960FCCCF90B" box="[698,809,1731,1757]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="km" value="5.75" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.5">5.5–6 km</quantity>
by road southeastward from Villa María, 
<quantity id="8F561580D214E077FADCF960FA95F90B" box="[1299,1392,1731,1757]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.32" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="2320.0">2320 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00B4EBEED214E077FF0AF948FCABF883" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="etymology">
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<emphasis id="7ADA6477D214E077FF0AF948FEA3F8D3" bold="true" box="[197,326,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Etymology</emphasis>
: The specific epithet, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D214E077FDADF94FFD21F8D3" box="[610,708,1772,1797]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D214E077FDADF94FFD21F8D3" box="[610,708,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">ucumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is used as a noun in apposition and refers to the Parque Regional Natural 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D214E077FEA8F8B0FE34F8FB" box="[359,465,1811,1837]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari">Ucumarí</taxonomicName>
, where the 
<typeStatus id="971506C7D214E077FD99F8B0FD6CF8FB" box="[598,649,1811,1837]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus>
locality of 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D214E077FCC1F8B7FBE4F8FB" box="[782,1025,1812,1837]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D214E077FCC1F8B7FBE4F8FB" box="[782,1025,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Colostethus ucumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is situated. 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D214E077FB42F8B0FB12F8FB" box="[1165,1271,1811,1837]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari">Ucumarí</taxonomicName>
, in turn, is the Quechua name for the spectacled bear, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D214E077FDACF89FFCA2F883" box="[611,839,1852,1877]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Tremarctos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatus">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D214E077FDACF89FFCA2F883" box="[611,839,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Tremarctos ornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00B4EBEED214E071FF0AF8C0FD3EFB2F" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="4811B865D214E076FF0AF8C0FAAEFEFC" blockId="2.[151,1437,1491,2037]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,152,298]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D214E077FF0AF8C0FED8F8AB" bold="true" box="[197,317,1891,1917]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: A medium to large species of 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D214E077FD0EF8C7FCA9F8AB" box="[705,844,1892,1917]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D214E077FD0EF8C7FCA9F8AB" box="[705,844,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Colostethus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(maximum SVL approximately 
<quantity id="8F561580D214E077FB19F8C0FACEF8AB" box="[1238,1323,1891,1917]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
for adult males, approximately 
<quantity id="8F561580D214E077FE6DF828FE1DF873" box="[418,504,1931,1957]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
for adult females); dorsal skin texture posteriorly granular; cloacal tubercles present; Finger I and Finger II subequal in length; adpressed Finger IV reaching beyond distal subarticular tubercle of Finger III, longer than Finger II; Finger III swollen in adult males; throat, chest, and anterior belly pale with dark marbling or reticulation in both sexes; throat darker in males than in females, ranging from gray to black; black arm band of adult males absent; testes white; toes conspicuously fringed, free of webbing or with at most basal webbing between Toes III–IV; pale dorsolateral stripe present; pale ventrolateral stripe absent; pale oblique lateral stripe absent; pale paracloacal marks absent; medial lingual process absent.
</paragraph>
<caption id="1CD1E8EDD215E076FF58FC50FE3FFBFB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178201/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" targetBox="[152,1434,354,987]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="4811B865D215E076FF58FC50FE3FFBFB" blockId="3.[151,1435,1011,1069]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D215E076FF58FC50FEFFFBDD" bold="true" box="[151,282,1011,1035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D215E076FEEDFC57FDE4FBDD" box="[290,513,1012,1035]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D215E076FEEDFC57FDE4FBDD" box="[290,513,1012,1035]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Colostethus ucumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="61E9D90CD215E076FDC6FC57FD6FFBDD" box="[521,650,1012,1035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
adult male holotype ICN 28598, SVL = 22.1 mm. (A) Ventral view. (B) Dorsal view. (C) Lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="1CD1E8EDD215E076FF58F810FC12F81C" box="[151,1015,1971,1995]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178202/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" targetBox="[174,1417,1124,1952]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="4811B865D215E076FF58F810FC12F81C" blockId="3.[151,1015,1971,1995]" box="[151,1015,1971,1995]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D215E076FF58F810FEFCF81D" bold="true" box="[151,281,1971,1995]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Cloacal tubercles of 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D215E076FE33F810FD3CF81C" box="[508,729,1971,1994]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D215E076FE33F810FD3CF81C" box="[508,729,1971,1994]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Colostethus ucumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="61E9D90CD215E076FD2FF810FC85F81C" box="[736,864,1971,1994]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
(ICN 28600).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="1CD1E8EDD212E071FF58FC74FCC6FBE5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178203/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[151,1434,194,957]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="4811B865D212E071FF58FC74FCC6FBE5" blockId="4.[151,1437,983,1075]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FF58FC74FEFFFC39" bold="true" box="[151,282,983,1007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Hand morphology of 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FDC3FC74FD0EFC38" box="[524,747,983,1006]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FDC3FC74FD0EFC38" box="[524,747,983,1006]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Colostethus ucumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="61E9D90CD212E071FD3CFC74FC9DFC38" box="[755,888,983,1006]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
. (A) Left hand of adult male holotype ICN 28598. Hand length = 6.5 mm. Note the swelling along the preaxial side of Finger III. (B) Left hand of adult female paratype ICN 38766. Hand length = 7.7 mm. Finger III is not swollen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="4811B865D212E071FF0AFBCBFD3EFB2F" blockId="4.[151,1436,1127,2033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FF0AFBCBFE58FB57" box="[197,445,1128,1153]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FF0AFBCBFE58FB57" box="[197,445,1128,1153]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Colostethus ucumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares with 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FD93FBCBFD1AFB57" box="[604,767,1128,1153]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imbricolus">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FD93FBCBFD1AFB57" box="[604,767,1128,1153]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. imbricolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FC8EFBCBFC14FB57" box="[833,1009,1128,1153]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FC8EFBCBFC14FB57" box="[833,1009,1128,1153]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. panamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the swelling of Finger III in adult males and the occurrence of conspicuous bright flash marks on the axilla, groin, belly, and concealed surfaces of the thigh and shank. It differs from both of those species in lacking a partial pale oblique lateral stripe and possessing a conspicuous pale dorsolateral stripe.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00B4EBEED212E073FF0AFAABFB1CF960" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="4811B865D212E071FF0AFAABFDF5F8FF" blockId="4.[151,1436,1127,2033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FF0AFAABFE5FFAF7" ID-CoL="X8HF" box="[197,442,1288,1313]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FF0AFAABFE5FFAF7" box="[197,442,1288,1313]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Colostethus ucumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from all other species of 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FC8DFAABFC28FAF7" ID-CoL="3SK6" box="[834,973,1288,1313]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FC8DFAABFC28FAF7" box="[834,973,1288,1313]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Colostethus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
except 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FBE4FAABFB55FAF7" ID-CoL="X8GM" box="[1067,1200,1288,1313]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruthveni">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FBE4FAABFB55FAF7" box="[1067,1200,1288,1313]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. ruthveni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FB23FAABFA98FAF7" ID-CoL="X8H9" box="[1260,1405,1288,1313]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thorntoni">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FB23FAABFA98FAF7" box="[1260,1405,1288,1313]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. thorntoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in lacking a pale oblique lateral stripe (extending from groin to eye in 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FC67FA93FBEEFA9F" ID-CoL="X8C4" box="[936,1035,1328,1353]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FC67FA93FBEEFA9F" box="[936,1035,1328,1353]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. agilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FBD6FA93FB3AFA9F" ID-CoL="X8CN" box="[1049,1247,1328,1353]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachistriatus">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FBD6FA93FB3AFA9F" box="[1049,1247,1328,1353]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. brachistriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FB22FA93FA71FA9F" ID-CoL="X8DF" box="[1261,1428,1328,1353]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dysprosium">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FB22FA93FA71FA9F" box="[1261,1428,1328,1353]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. dysprosium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FF58FAFBFEAAFAA7" ID-CoL="5ZMJ6" box="[151,335,1368,1393]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fraterdanieli">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FF58FAFBFEAAFAA7" box="[151,335,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. fraterdanieli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FEAFFAFBFE23FAA7" ID-CoL="X8DW" box="[352,454,1368,1393]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fugax">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FEAFFAFBFE23FAA7" box="[352,454,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. fugax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FE18FAFBFD42FAA7" ID-CoL="5ZMJT" box="[471,679,1368,1393]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jacobuspetersi">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FE18FAFBFD42FAA7" box="[471,679,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. jacobuspetersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FD77FAFBFCC0FAA7" ID-CoL="5ZMJP" box="[696,805,1368,1393]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lynchi">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FD77FAFBFCC0FAA7" box="[696,805,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. lynchi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FCF9FAFBFC25FAA7" ID-CoL="X8FC" box="[822,960,1368,1393]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mertensi">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FCF9FAFBFC25FAA7" box="[822,960,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. mertensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FBCAFAFBFB6EFAA7" ID-CoL="X8HS" box="[1029,1163,1368,1393]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yaguara">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FBCAFAFBFB6EFAA7" box="[1029,1163,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. yaguara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; extending from groin midway along flank in 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FE76FA23FD82FA4F" ID-CoL="X8DY" box="[441,615,1408,1433]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furviventris">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FE76FA23FD82FA4F" box="[441,615,1408,1433]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. furviventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FDB4FA23FCFAFA4F" ID-CoL="5ZMJX" box="[635,799,1408,1433]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imbricolus">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FDB4FA23FCFAFA4F" box="[635,799,1408,1433]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. imbricolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FCFDFA23FC2BFA4F" ID-CoL="5ZMJR" box="[818,974,1408,1433]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inguinalis">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FCFDFA23FC2BFA4F" box="[818,974,1408,1433]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. inguinalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FC2DFA23FB96FA4F" ID-CoL="5ZMJG" box="[994,1139,1408,1433]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latinasus">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FC2DFA23FB96FA4F" box="[994,1139,1408,1433]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. latinasus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FB49FA23FAD2FA4F" ID-CoL="5ZMJK" box="[1158,1335,1408,1433]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FB49FA23FAD2FA4F" box="[1158,1335,1408,1433]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. panamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FA4EFA23FF3DFA17" ID-CoL="X8G9" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pratti">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FA4EFA23FF3DFA17" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. pratti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FF3BFA0BFE08FA17" ID-CoL="X8HF" box="[244,493,1448,1473]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FF3BFA0BFE08FA17" box="[244,493,1448,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Colostethus ucumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FD5BFA0BFCF8FA17" ID-CoL="X8GM" box="[660,797,1448,1473]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruthveni">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FD5BFA0BFCF8FA17" box="[660,797,1448,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. ruthveni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in ventral coloration (marbled or reticulated ventral color pattern in 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FE9EFA73FE33FA3F" ID-CoL="X8HF" box="[337,470,1488,1513]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FE9EFA73FE33FA3F" box="[337,470,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. ucumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, immaculate in 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FD5CFA73FCF3FA3F" ID-CoL="X8GM" box="[659,790,1488,1513]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruthveni">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FD5CFA73FCF3FA3F" box="[659,790,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. ruthveni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and from 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FC6EFA73FBD5FA3F" ID-CoL="X8H9" box="[929,1072,1488,1513]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thorntoni">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FC6EFA73FBD5FA3F" box="[929,1072,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. thorntoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the degree of webbing (toes free or with at most rudimentary webbing between Toes III–IV in 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FC68FA5BFBCEF9C7" ID-CoL="X8HF" box="[935,1067,1528,1553]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FC68FA5BFBCEF9C7" box="[935,1067,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. ucumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; toes moderately webbed in 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FA4EFA5BFEE1F9EF" ID-CoL="X8H9" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thorntoni">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FA4EFA5BFEE1F9EF" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. thorntoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and the possession of a pale dorsolateral stripe (absent in 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FC08F983FBBDF9EF" ID-CoL="X8H9" box="[967,1112,1568,1593]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thorntoni">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FC08F983FBBDF9EF" box="[967,1112,1568,1593]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. thorntoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FBBDF983FA82F9EF" ID-CoL="X8HF" box="[1138,1383,1568,1593]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FBBDF983FA82F9EF" box="[1138,1383,1568,1593]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Colostethus ucumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
further differs from 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FE90F9EBFE27F9B7" ID-CoL="X8C4" box="[351,450,1608,1633]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FE90F9EBFE27F9B7" box="[351,450,1608,1633]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. agilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FE1EF9EBFDA1F9B7" ID-CoL="X8C5" box="[465,580,1608,1633]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alacris">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FE1EF9EBFDA1F9B7" box="[465,580,1608,1633]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. alacris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FD9CF9EBFCFFF9B7" ID-CoL="X8CN" box="[595,794,1608,1633]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachistriatus">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FD9CF9EBFCFFF9B7" box="[595,794,1608,1633]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. brachistriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FCE7F9EBFC34F9B7" ID-CoL="X8DF" box="[808,977,1608,1633]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dysprosium">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FCE7F9EBFC34F9B7" box="[808,977,1608,1633]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. dysprosium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FC10F9EBFB71F9B7" ID-CoL="5ZMJ6" box="[991,1172,1608,1633]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fraterdanieli">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FC10F9EBFB71F9B7" box="[991,1172,1608,1633]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. fraterdanieli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FB6CF9EBFAE3F9B7" ID-CoL="X8DW" box="[1187,1286,1608,1633]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fugax">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FB6CF9EBFAE3F9B7" box="[1187,1286,1608,1633]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. fugax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FADAF9EBFF5CF95F" ID-CoL="5ZMJX" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imbricolus">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FADAF9EBFF5CF95F" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. imbricolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FF07F9D3FEBAF95F" ID-CoL="5ZMJR" box="[200,351,1648,1673]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inguinalis">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FF07F9D3FEBAF95F" box="[200,351,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. inguinalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FEA1F9D3FDD9F95F" ID-CoL="5ZMJT" box="[366,572,1648,1673]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jacobuspetersi">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FEA1F9D3FDD9F95F" box="[366,572,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. jacobuspetersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FD84F9D3FD32F95F" ID-CoL="5ZMJG" box="[587,727,1648,1673]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latinasus">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FD84F9D3FD32F95F" box="[587,727,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. latinasus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FD29F9D3FCAAF95F" ID-CoL="5ZMJP" box="[742,847,1648,1673]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lynchi">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FD29F9D3FCAAF95F" box="[742,847,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. lynchi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FC90F9D3FC03F95F" ID-CoL="X8FC" box="[863,998,1648,1673]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mertensi">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FC90F9D3FC03F95F" box="[863,998,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. mertensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FC3AF9D3FB44F95F" ID-CoL="5ZMJK" box="[1013,1185,1648,1673]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FC3AF9D3FB44F95F" box="[1013,1185,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. panamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FB7EF9D3FAA5F95F" ID-CoL="X8H9" box="[1201,1344,1648,1673]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thorntoni">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FB7EF9D3FAA5F95F" box="[1201,1344,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. thorntoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FA4EF9D3FF1CF967" ID-CoL="X8HS" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yaguara">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FA4EF9D3FF1CF967" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. yaguara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in possessing a pale dorsolateral stripe (absent in those species; present in 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FBB9F93BFAC5F967" ID-CoL="X8DY" box="[1142,1312,1688,1713]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furviventris">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FBB9F93BFAC5F967" box="[1142,1312,1688,1713]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. furviventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FAFFF93BFA70F967" ID-CoL="X8G9" box="[1328,1429,1688,1713]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pratti">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FAFFF93BFA70F967" box="[1328,1429,1688,1713]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. pratti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FF06F963FEA8F90F" ID-CoL="X8GM" box="[201,333,1728,1753]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruthveni">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FF06F963FEA8F90F" box="[201,333,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. ruthveni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FEAAF963FDBCF90F" ID-CoL="X8HF" box="[357,601,1728,1753]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FEAAF963FDBCF90F" box="[357,601,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Colostethus ucumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also the only species of 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FC5AF963FBFAF90F" ID-CoL="3SK6" box="[917,1055,1728,1753]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FC5AF963FBFAF90F" box="[917,1055,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Colostethus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
known to possess cloacal tubercles (
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FF1AF94BFE02F8D7" authority="Grant et al. 1997" authorityName="Grant et al." authorityYear="1997" box="[213,487,1767,1793]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sensu">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FF1AF94BFEF3F8D7" box="[213,278,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C3FC594D212E071FED2F944FE02F8D7" author="Grant" box="[285,487,1767,1793]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" refString="Grant, T., Humphrey, E. C. &amp; Myers, C. W. (1997) The median lingual process of frogs: a bizarre character of Old World ranoids discovered in South American dendrobatids. American Museum Novitates, 3212, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1997">
Grant 
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FEA8F94BFE47F8D7" box="[359,418,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
1997
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), although these structures are not always scored and may be lost as an artifact of preservation (Grant 
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FE4CF8B3FE58F8FF" box="[387,445,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
2006).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4811B865D212E073FF0AF894FB1CF960" blockId="4.[151,1436,1127,2033]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,1572,2038]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
Among other dendrobatoids formerly placed in 
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FCE1F89BFBAFF887" box="[814,1098,1848,1873]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FCE1F89BFBEEF887" box="[814,1035,1848,1873]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sensu">
Colostethus 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="61E9D90CD212E071FC05F89BFBEEF887" box="[970,1035,1848,1873]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" sensu="lato">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
lato
</emphasis>
in the Colombian Andes, 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FF58F8C3FE6FF8AF" ID-CoL="X8HF" box="[151,394,1888,1913]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FF58F8C3FE6FF8AF" box="[151,394,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Colostethus ucumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
most resembles 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FD82F8C3FC9DF8AF" ID-CoL="3NGWD" box="[589,888,1888,1913]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Hyloxalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abditaurantius">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FD82F8C3FC9DF8AF" box="[589,888,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Hyloxalus abditaurantius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, another robust frog of similar size with which it shares conspicuous bright flash marks in life (yellow in 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FC88F82BFC2EF877" ID-CoL="X8HF" box="[839,971,1928,1953]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FC88F82BFC2EF877" box="[839,971,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. ucumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, orange in 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FB9DF82BFAC7F877" ID-CoL="3NGWD" box="[1106,1314,1928,1953]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Hyloxalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abditaurantius">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FB9DF82BFAC7F877" box="[1106,1314,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">H. abditaurantius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), marbled or reticulated ventral coloration, a dark throat in adult males (due to presence of melanophores in 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FAD8F813FA79F81F" ID-CoL="X8HF" box="[1303,1436,1968,1993]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FAD8F813FA79F81F" box="[1303,1436,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. ucumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and absence of iridophores in 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D212E071FE38F87BFD22F827" ID-CoL="3NGWD" box="[503,711,2008,2033]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Hyloxalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abditaurantius">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D212E071FE38F87BFD22F827" box="[503,711,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">H. abditaurantius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), cloacal tubercles, and the absence of a pale oblique lateral stripe (both possess small, irregular, pale dots scattered over the flanks). 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D210E073FBC3F987FAE6F9EB" ID-CoL="X8HF" box="[1036,1283,1572,1597]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D210E073FBC3F987FAE6F9EB" box="[1036,1283,1572,1597]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Colostethus ucumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs most conspicuously from 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D210E073FE45F9EFFDB8F9B3" ID-CoL="3NGWD" box="[394,605,1612,1637]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Hyloxalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abditaurantius">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D210E073FE45F9EFFDB8F9B3" box="[394,605,1612,1637]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">H. abditaurantius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in possessing a pale dorsolateral stripe (absent in 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D210E073FB77F9EFFA6EF9B3" ID-CoL="3NGWD" box="[1208,1419,1612,1637]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Hyloxalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abditaurantius">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D210E073FB77F9EFFA6EF9B3" box="[1208,1419,1612,1637]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">H. abditaurantius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), having Finger III swollen in adult males (not swollen in 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D210E073FCFCF9D7FBE1F95B" ID-CoL="3NGWD" box="[819,1028,1652,1677]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Hyloxalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abditaurantius">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D210E073FCFCF9D7FBE1F95B" box="[819,1028,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">H. abditaurantius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and lacking toe webbing or having at most basal webbing between Toes III–IV (toes extensively webbed in 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D210E073FBD8F93FFB02F963" ID-CoL="3NGWD" box="[1047,1255,1692,1717]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Hyloxalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abditaurantius">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D210E073FBD8F93FFB02F963" box="[1047,1255,1692,1717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">H. abditaurantius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="1CD1E8EDD213E070FF58F815FB1EF818" box="[151,1275,1974,1998]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178204/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" targetBox="[188,1399,178,1949]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="4811B865D213E070FF58F815FB1EF818" blockId="5.[151,1275,1974,1998]" box="[151,1275,1974,1998]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D213E070FF58F815FEFFF818" bold="true" box="[151,282,1974,1998]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Foot morphology of 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D213E070FE32F814FD3EF818" box="[509,731,1975,1998]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D213E070FE32F814FD3EF818" box="[509,731,1975,1998]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Colostethus ucumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="61E9D90CD213E070FD2EF814FC84F818" box="[737,865,1975,1998]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
(ICN 38769). Foot length = 10.6 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="1CD1E8EDD210E073FF58FDC0FAE2FD4D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[164,1422,167,590]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="4811B865D210E073FF58FDC0FAE2FD4D" blockId="6.[151,1435,611,667]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D210E073FF58FDC0FEC5FDAD" bold="true" box="[151,288,611,635]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Variation in ventral coloration of male 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D210E073FD3EFDC7FC30FDAD" box="[753,981,612,635]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D210E073FD3EFDC7FC30FDAD" box="[753,981,612,635]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Colostethus ucumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="61E9D90CD210E073FC2DFDC7FB88FDAD" box="[994,1133,612,635]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
. Left to right: ICN 38769 (SVL=27.0 mm), ICN 28556 (SVL=22.5 mm), ICN 28575 (SVL=22.1 mm), ICN 38768 (SVL=22.6 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="1CD1E8EDD210E073FF58FA15FC7FFA26" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178206/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[155,1431,718,1437]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="4811B865D210E073FF58FA15FC7FFA26" blockId="6.[151,1435,1462,1520]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D210E073FF58FA15FEFCFA18" bold="true" box="[151,281,1462,1486]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Variation in ventral coloration of female 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D210E073FD1FFA14FC48FA18" box="[720,941,1463,1486]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D210E073FD1FFA14FC48FA18" box="[720,941,1463,1486]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Colostethus ucumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="61E9D90CD210E073FC7CFA14FBD3FA18" box="[947,1078,1463,1486]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
. Left to right: ICN 15636 (SVL = 30.0 mm), ICN 38767 (SVL = 29.8 mm), ICN 28600 (SVL = 30.0 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="00B4EBEED210E07CFF0AF967FBBEF89E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph id="4811B865D210E073FF0AF967FE26F820" blockId="6.[151,1436,1572,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D210E073FF0AF967FD8FF908" bold="true" box="[197,618,1732,1758]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
Measurements of 
<typeStatus id="971506C7D210E073FE50F967FDE0F908" box="[415,517,1732,1758]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="D095A4E0D210E073FDD8F967FD85F908" box="[535,608,1732,1758]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1011,1035]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,354,987]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[152,1435,354,988]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Colostethus ucumari new species adult male holotype ICN 28598, SVL = 22.1 mm. (A) Ventral view. (B) Dorsal view. (C) Lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178201/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
: SVL 
<quantity id="8F561580D210E073FD76F967FCC3F908" box="[697,806,1732,1758]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.21" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="22.1">22.1 mm</quantity>
; forearm length from proximal edge of palmar tubercle to outer edge of flexed elbow 
<quantity id="8F561580D210E073FDEEF94FFD9BF8D0" box="[545,638,1772,1798]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="5.1">5.1 mm</quantity>
; hand length from proximal edge of palmar tubercle to tip of Finger III 
<quantity id="8F561580D210E073FF74F8B7FEFDF8F8" box="[187,280,1812,1838]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
; shank length from outer edges of flexed knee to heel 10.0 mm; foot length from proximal edge of outer metatarsal tubercle to tip of Toe IV 
<quantity id="8F561580D210E073FD44F89FFD1DF880" box="[651,760,1852,1878]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="10.4">10.4 mm</quantity>
; head width between angle of jaws 8.0 mm; head length diagonally from corner of mouth to tip of snout 
<quantity id="8F561580D210E073FD04F8C7FCCCF8A8" box="[715,809,1892,1918]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="7.3">7.3 mm</quantity>
; eye length from posterior to anterior corner 
<quantity id="8F561580D210E073FAF5F8C7FA7DF8A8" box="[1338,1432,1892,1918]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
; eye to naris distance from anterior corner of eye to center of naris 
<quantity id="8F561580D210E073FC68F82FFBE1F870" box="[935,1028,1932,1958]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
; distance between centers of nares 
<quantity id="8F561580D210E073FF58F817FF11F818" box="[151,244,1972,1998]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
; snout length from anterior corner of eye to tip of snout 
<quantity id="8F561580D210E073FC48F817FC01F818" box="[903,996,1972,1998]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
; interorbital distance 
<quantity id="8F561580D210E073FB2EF817FADBF818" box="[1249,1342,1972,1998]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
; diameter of tympanum 
<quantity id="8F561580D210E073FEAEF87FFE5BF820" box="[353,446,2012,2038]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="1CD1E8EDD211E072FF58F809FB66F832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178207/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[413,1189,211,1917]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="4811B865D211E072FF58F809FB66F832" blockId="7.[151,1436,1962,2020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D211E072FF58F809FEFCF814" bold="true" box="[151,281,1962,1986]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Ventral coloration of 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D211E072FDCBF809FD07F817" box="[516,738,1962,1985]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D211E072FDCBF809FD07F817" box="[516,738,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Colostethus ucumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="61E9D90CD211E072FD27F809FC8CF817" box="[744,873,1962,1985]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
in life. (A) Adult male AMNH 104369 (SVL = 24.0 mm). (B) Adult female AMNH 104371 (SVL = 25.4 mm). Photographs by Charles W. Myers.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="4811B865D21EE07DFF09FF38FAD9FED3" blockId="8.[151,1437,155,2021]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D21EE07DFF09FF38FEBFFF63" bold="true" box="[198,346,155,181]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Morphology</emphasis>
: Adult males 22.1–27.0 mm SVL (
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D21EE07DFD38FF3FFCE0FF63" box="[759,773,156,181]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 8; = 24.06±2.06); testes unpigmented (white), testis length approximately 1/3–1/2 eye length. Adult females 24.4–30.0 mm SVL (
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D21EE07DFBEEFF67FBD5FF0B" box="[1057,1072,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
= 12; = 27.27±2.08); mature oviducts unpigmented (white); mature ova approximately 
<quantity id="8F561580D21EE07DFC8FFF48FC61FED3" box="[832,900,235,261]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
in diameter, animal pole dark brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4811B865D21EE07DFF0AFEB0FEACFDBB" blockId="8.[151,1437,155,2021]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
Ventral and lateral surfaces smooth. Dorsal surfaces with granules scattered irregularly in sacral region and (to a lesser degree) on thigh and shank. Well defined cloacal tubercles present (
<figureCitation id="D095A4E0D21EE07DFBA8FE98FB4BFE83" box="[1127,1198,315,341]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1971,1995]" captionTargetBox="[174,1417,1124,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[174,1418,1124,1953]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cloacal tubercles of Colostethus ucumari new species (ICN 28600)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178202/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Postrictal and preaxillary tubercles (one each) elongate. Head width between angle of jaws 31–39% SVL, 1.0–1.3 times head length. Interorbital distance 30–37% of head width. Canthus rostralis gently rounded. Loreal region flat or weakly concave, not sloping to lips. Eye length 39–48% of diagonal head length. Eye-naris distance 55–66% snout length and 55–74% eye length. Nares slightly protuberant, directed posterodorsad. Tympanum well defined in well preserved specimens, concealed posterodorsally by low supratympanic bulge formed by superficial slip of m. depressor mandibulae. Diameter of tympanum 28–53% eye length. Teeth present on maxillary arch.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4811B865D21EE07DFF0AFDD8FA91FC53" blockId="8.[151,1437,155,2021]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
Hand length 26–31% of SVL and 1.2–1.3 times forearm length. Finger discs weakly to moderately expanded. Finger III of adult males swollen along preaxial side; postaxial swelling not detected (
<figureCitation id="D095A4E0D21EE07DFAE2FD00FA93FD6B" box="[1325,1398,675,701]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,255,983,1007]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,194,957]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,194,959]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Hand morphology of Colostethus ucumari new species. (A) Left hand of adult male holotype ICN 28598. Hand length = 6.5 mm. Note the swelling along the preaxial side of Finger III. (B) Left hand of adult female paratype ICN 38766. Hand length = 7.7 mm. Finger III is not swollen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178203/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A); Finger III not swollen in adult females (
<figureCitation id="D095A4E0D21EE07DFDA6FD68FD55FD33" box="[617,688,715,741]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,255,983,1007]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,194,957]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,194,959]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Hand morphology of Colostethus ucumari new species. (A) Left hand of adult male holotype ICN 28598. Hand length = 6.5 mm. Note the swelling along the preaxial side of Finger III. (B) Left hand of adult female paratype ICN 38766. Hand length = 7.7 mm. Finger III is not swollen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178203/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B) or juveniles. Fingers lacking fringes. Metacarpal fold absent, although lateral edge of palm lacking melanophores. Finger I longer than finger II; Finger II extended to midlevel of distal subarticular tubercle of Finger III; finger IV extended midway between proximal and distal subarticular tubercles of Finger III. Relative finger lengths IV &lt;II &lt;I &lt;III. Subarticular tubercles 1–1–2–2. All tubercles strongly protuberant; subarticular and thenar tubercles elliptical; palmar tubercle subcircular.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4811B865D21EE07DFF0AFC30FC46FAEB" blockId="8.[151,1437,155,2021]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
Shank and foot length 40–47% and 40–51% of SVL, respectively. Relative lengths of appressed toes I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV (
<figureCitation id="D095A4E0D21EE07DFE9EFC18FE7CFC03" box="[337,409,955,981]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1974,1998]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,178,1949]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1400,136,1950]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Foot morphology of Colostethus ucumari new species (ICN 38769). Foot length = 10.6 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178204/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Toe III extended approximately midway between penultimate and ultimate subarticular tubercles of Toe IV; Toe V extended to distal edge of penultimate subarticular tubercle of Toe IV. Webbing absent or basal between Toes II–IV, lacking between others (formula 
<date id="3C109EA5D21EE07DFC01FBA8FC1EFBF3" box="[974,1019,1035,1061]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D21EE07DFC01FBA8FC00FBF3" bold="true" box="[974,997,1035,1061]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">II</emphasis>
2
</date>
–3.5 
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D21EE07DFBF7FBA8FBBFFBF3" bold="true" box="[1080,1114,1035,1061]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">III</emphasis>
2.5– 
<date id="3C109EA5D21EE07DFB59FBA8FB41FBF3" box="[1174,1188,1035,1061]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">4</date>
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D21EE07DFB62FBA8FB2BFBF3" bold="true" box="[1197,1230,1035,1061]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">IV</emphasis>
). Fringes present on pre- and postaxial surfaces of all toes except Toe V, which lacks fringes. Discs weakly to moderately expanded. Tubercles strongly protuberant. Subarticular tubercles 1–1–2–3–2. Inner metatarsal tubercle elongate. Outer metatarsal tubercle subcircular, diameter roughly one half length of inner metatarsal tubercle. Medial metatarsal tubercle absent, but thickening of skin notable in most specimens (for discussion of relevance see 
<bibRefCitation id="2C3FC594D21EE07DFEC0FB70FE3AFB3B" author="Myers" box="[271,479,1235,1261]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" refString="Myers, C. W., Paolillo O., A. &amp; Daly, J. W. (1991) Discovery of a defensively malodorous and nocturnal frog in the family Dendrobatidae: Phylogenetic significance of a new genus and species from the Venezuelan Andes. American Museum Novitates, 3002, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1991">Myers et al. 1991</bibRefCitation>
:23–24). Outer metatarsal fold absent. Tarsal keel well defined, straight or weakly curved (weakly curved in 
<typeStatus id="971506C7D21EE07DFE07FB58FDD6FAC3" box="[456,563,1275,1301]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), not enlarged proximally to form tubercle-like structure, extending diagonally from inner metatarsal tubercle along distal one half of tarsus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4811B865D21EE07DFF0AFAE8FB10F9FB" blockId="8.[151,1437,155,2021]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D21EE07DFF0AFAE8FE2EFAB3" box="[197,459,1355,1381]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D21EE07DFF0AFAE8FE24FAB3" bold="true" box="[197,449,1355,1381]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Color in preservative</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Dorsum (
<figureCitation id="D095A4E0D21EE07DFD8FFAE8FD63FAB3" box="[576,646,1355,1381]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1011,1035]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,354,987]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[152,1435,354,988]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Colostethus ucumari new species adult male holotype ICN 28598, SVL = 22.1 mm. (A) Ventral view. (B) Dorsal view. (C) Lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178201/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A) dark brown or brown with dark brown blotches (as in 
<typeStatus id="971506C7D21EE07DFAECFAE8FA6AFAB3" box="[1315,1423,1355,1381]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
); granules dark brown. Pale dorsolateral stripe varying from pale brown to conspicuous cream or whitish gray, extending from tip of snout along canthus rostralis, outer edge of upper eyelid, and lateral edge of dorsum toward (but not reaching) tip of urostyle, not dropping toward base of thighs. Flank (
<figureCitation id="D095A4E0D21EE07DFBBEFA60FB52FA0B" box="[1137,1207,1475,1501]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1011,1035]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,354,987]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[152,1435,354,988]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Colostethus ucumari new species adult male holotype ICN 28598, SVL = 22.1 mm. (A) Ventral view. (B) Dorsal view. (C) Lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178201/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C) dark brown with scattered pale (white or gray) flecks and dots. Pale ventrolateral and oblique lateral stripes absent. Otic region dark brown. Loreal region and snout dark brown; upper lip dark brown with white or gray dots.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4811B865D21EE07DFF0AF998FDAEF973" blockId="8.[151,1437,155,2021]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
Ventral coloration sexually dimorphic (
<figureCitation id="D095A4E0D21EE07DFD40F998FCE4F983" box="[655,769,1595,1621]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="6.[151,255,611,635]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,255,1462,1486]" captionTargetBox-0="[164,1422,167,590]" captionTargetBox-1="[155,1431,718,1437]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[164,1424,167,590]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[155,1432,718,1438]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Variation in ventral coloration of male Colostethus ucumari new species. Left to right: ICN 38769 (SVL = 27.0 mm), ICN 28556 (SVL = 22.5 mm), ICN 28575 (SVL = 22.1 mm), ICN 38768 (SVL = 22.6 mm)." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Variation in ventral coloration of female Colostethus ucumari new species. Left to right: ICN 15636 (SVL = 30.0 mm), ICN 38767 (SVL = 29.8 mm), ICN 28600 (SVL = 30.0 mm)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/178205/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/178206/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Figs. 6–7</figureCitation>
). Both sexes marbled or reticulated anteriorly (extending posteriorly onto belly), but throat of adult males (i.e., region that becomes distended when vocal sac inflated) is darker, ranging from gray to black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4811B865D21EE07DFF0AF910FB28F893" blockId="8.[151,1437,155,2021]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Dorsal, anterior, and posterior surfaces of arm brown with dark brown spots and blotches, often with small pale flecks and dots. Axilla lacking melanophores, forming flash mark. Ventral surfaces white or cream. Palmar surfaces brown; contact surfaces gray or lacking melanophores. Dorsally Fingers I and II proximally mostly white or gray with brown blotches, darker distally; Fingers III and IV mostly brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4811B865D21EE07CFF0AF8F0FF0FFEFC" blockId="8.[151,1437,155,2021]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,152,2024]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Dorsal surface of thigh gray or brown with diffuse darker brown transverse bands that align with bands on shank and foot of flexed limb. Anterior surface of thigh gray or brown with diffuse darker blotches; posterior surface gray or brown fading ventrally; pale paracloacal mark absent. Exposed surfaces of shank and foot gray or brown with dark blotches and diffuse transverse bands that align with those of dorsal surface of thigh. Ventral surface of thigh and concealed surfaces of shank and foot immaculate white or cream, forming flash marks. Plantar surfaces brown; contact surfaces gray or lacking melanophores. Dorsal surface of preaxial portion of foot and Toes I–III mostly cream or white; postaxial portion of foot and Toes IV–V mostly gray or brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4811B865D21FE07CFF0AFE94FA91FDBC" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,2024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D21FE07CFF0AFE94FE16FE87" box="[197,499,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D21FE07CFF0AFE94FE0CFE87" bold="true" box="[197,489,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">
Color in life (
<figureCitation id="D095A4E0D21FE07CFEA2FE94FE24FE87" box="[365,449,311,337]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1382,1406]" captionTargetBox="[183,1403,217,1338]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[156,1432,197,1355]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Colostethus ucumari new species adult male AMNH 104369 in life, SVL = 24.0 mm. Photograph by Charles W. Myers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178200/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="D095A4E0D21FE07CFE1EFE94FE05FE87" box="[465,480,311,337]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1962,1986]" captionTargetBox="[413,1189,211,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[399,1189,194,1931]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 8. Ventral coloration of Colostethus ucumari new species in life. (A) Adult male AMNH 104369 (SVL = 24.0 mm). (B) Adult female AMNH 104371 (SVL = 25.4 mm). Photographs by Charles W. Myers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178207/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">8</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Charles W. Myers’s field notes at AMNH report AMNH 104369–73 as brown with blackish brown interorbital and dorsal markings and a light but not sharply defined bronzy dorsolateral stripe. Sides of head and body brown with bluish-white dots (lacking on flank of female AMNH 104370). Posterior surface of thigh indistinctly mottled brown and black; ventral surface of thigh pale greenish gray. Iris bronze with black flecking or mottling. Adult male AMNH 104369 (
<figureCitation id="D095A4E0D21FE07CFC3DFE7BFBD2FE24" box="[1010,1079,472,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1962,1986]" captionTargetBox="[413,1189,211,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[399,1189,194,1931]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 8. Ventral coloration of Colostethus ucumari new species in life. (A) Adult male AMNH 104369 (SVL = 24.0 mm). (B) Adult female AMNH 104371 (SVL = 25.4 mm). Photographs by Charles W. Myers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178207/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
A) with a gray throat and pale blue chest and lower lip margin. Females (e.g., AMNH 104371; 
<figureCitation id="D095A4E0D21FE07CFC68FDA3FC0BFDCC" box="[935,1006,512,538]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1962,1986]" captionTargetBox="[413,1189,211,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[399,1189,194,1931]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 8. Ventral coloration of Colostethus ucumari new species in life. (A) Adult male AMNH 104369 (SVL = 24.0 mm). (B) Adult female AMNH 104371 (SVL = 25.4 mm). Photographs by Charles W. Myers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178207/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
B) and juveniles all with throat and chest pale blue with black or gray scribbling or blotching (i.e., throat not gray). All specimens with bright golden-yellow coloration on underside of arms and in axilla, on belly, and on concealed surfaces of shank.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4811B865D21FE07CFF0AFDDBFBE4FD34" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,2024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">John D. Lynch’s field notes at ICN report ICN 15636 as brown with vague paler flecks and vague dorsolateral stripe. Throat and anterior venter pale blue with dark network. Lemon yellow patch in axilla, lowest groin, and behind knee. Iris dark brown. Posterior thighs dark gray-brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4811B865D21FE07CFF0AFD4CFDFEFBF4" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,2024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D21FE07CFF0AFD4CFECBFCDF" box="[197,302,751,777]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D21FE07CFF0AFD4CFEC1FCDF" bold="true" box="[197,292,751,777]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Toxicity</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Charles W. Myers (field notes taken 
<date id="3C109EA5D21FE07CFCCDFD53FC38FCDC" box="[770,989,752,778]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" value="1976-12-02">2 December 1976</date>
, deposited at AMNH) observed that 
<typeStatus id="971506C7D21FE07CFF58FCBBFEE2FCE4" box="[151,263,792,818]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D21FE07CFEF9FCBBFDCBFCE7" box="[310,558,792,817]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D21FE07CFEF9FCBBFDCBFCE7" box="[310,558,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Colostethus ucumari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exuded a milky secretion along the sides of the body, posterior side of thighs, and concealed surfaces of shanks. In 
<date id="3C109EA5D21FE07CFD76FCE3FCB9FC8C" box="[697,860,832,858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" value="1977-01">January 1977</date>
, John W. Daly analyzed extracts of the skin of AMNH 104371 for toxicity at NIH by injection into mice (John W. Daly 
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D21FE07CFC27FCCBFBCBFC57" box="[1000,1070,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">in litt.</emphasis>
, 
<date id="3C109EA5D21FE07CFBF3FCCBFAF8FC54" box="[1084,1309,872,898]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" value="2006-12-20">20 December 2006</date>
; for procedures see 
<bibRefCitation id="2C3FC594D21FE07CFEC4FC33FE28FC7C" author="Daly" box="[267,461,912,938]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" refString="Daly, J. W., Gusovsky, F., Myers, C. W., Yotsu-Yamashita, M. &amp; Yasumoto, T. (1994) First occurrence of tetrodotoxin in a dendrobatid frog (Colostethus inguinalis), with further reports for the bufonid genus Atelopus. Toxicon, 32, 279 - 285." type="journal article" year="1994">Daly et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
). Injection of the methanol extract caused some initial agitation and twitching, followed by normal activity. However, injection of the aqueous extract caused not only twitching, but also some gagging, followed by a period of inactivity. The identity of the water-soluble compound responsible for these toxic effects was not determined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4811B865D21FE07CFF0AFB93FC78FABE" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,2024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">
Mass spectral analysis in 
<date id="3C109EA5D21FE07CFE20FB93FD7EFB9C" box="[495,667,1072,1098]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" value="1977-02">February 1977</date>
showed the alkaloid fraction from the non-toxic methanol extract to contain small amounts of unknown compounds, none of which corresponded to any known dendrobatid alkaloids. The nature of these compounds could not be pursued at that time because of the limited quantities. Current reexamination using high resolution gas chromatographic mass spectral analysis of the thirty year old alkaloid fraction could only detect a trace amount of one of these compounds, which proved to be an artifact, namely 2-benzothazolyl-N,N-dimethyl dithiocarbamate (John W. Daly, 
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D21FE07CFC24FB5BFBD6FAC7" box="[1003,1075,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">in litt.</emphasis>
<date id="3C109EA5D21FE07CFBF3FB5BFB3EFAC4" box="[1084,1243,1272,1298]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" value="2006-04-06">6 April 2006</date>
). The molecular ion was at m/z 254 (C10H10N2S3)+ with the only major fragment ion at m/z 88 (C3H6NS)+ (for presence of this compound in rubber-based vial closures see 
<bibRefCitation id="2C3FC594D21FE07CFD50FAEDFC74FABE" author="Kapp" box="[671,913,1358,1384]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" refString="Kapp, T. &amp; Vetter, W. (2006) Structure elucidation of an artifact discharging from rubber-based vial closures by means of gas chromatography / tandem mass spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry, 78, 8156 - 8161." type="journal article" year="2006">Kapp &amp; Vetter 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4811B865D21FE07CFF0AFAD6FBBEF89E" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,2024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D21FE07CFF0AFAD6FEC6FA59" box="[197,291,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D21FE07CFF0AFAD6FEFCFA59" bold="true" box="[197,281,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Larvae</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
The single stage 25 larva AMNH 104374 was taken from the back of male nurse frog AMNH 104369 (additional tadpoles were observed on this frog but were lost when catching it in dense grass). Body oval, slightly compressed anterior to intestine; length 
<quantity id="8F561580D21FE07CFCC2FA65FC8FFA36" box="[781,874,1478,1504]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="4.1">4.1 mm</quantity>
; maximum width 
<quantity id="8F561580D21FE07CFBF1FA65FB79FA36" box="[1086,1180,1478,1504]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
; maximum height 2.0 mm. Eyes positioned dorsally, oriented dorsolaterally; interorbital distance 
<quantity id="8F561580D21FE07CFBD3FA4DFB99F9DE" box="[1052,1148,1518,1544]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
. Internarial distance 
<quantity id="8F561580D21FE07CFAB8FA4DFF2CF9E6" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
. Lateral line stitches absent. Spiracle sinistral. Vent tube dextral. Center of intestinal coil sinistral, ventrolateral. Tail tip broadly rounded; length 
<quantity id="8F561580D21FE07CFDB5F99DFD3FF98E" box="[634,730,1598,1624]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="7.9">7.9 mm</quantity>
; maximum height 2.0 mm. Tail muscle width 
<quantity id="8F561580D21FE07CFAC4F99DFA8DF98E" box="[1291,1384,1598,1624]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
and height 
<quantity id="8F561580D21FE07CFF23F9C5FEABF956" box="[236,334,1638,1664]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
. Oral disc emarginate, positioned anteroventrally; width 1.0 mm. Anterior labium bearing broad dorsal gap. Marginal papillae of anterior and posterior labia uniserial, marginal papillae conical, short. Labial labial tooth row formula 1/3; only A-1 and P-1 with any degree of keratinization; A-1 complete (i.e., lacking gap), no additional anterior tooth ridges present. Upper and lower jaw sheaths serrated, narrowly keratinized upper jaw sheath gently curved, not pointed or notched. Tail (including both fins) and body with sparse, irregular brown stippling on cream ground, lacking conspicuous markings.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00B4EBEED21FE07FFF0AF8F6FE3FFEFC" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4811B865D21FE07FFF0AF8F6FE3FFEFC" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,2024]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,152,298]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D21FE07CFF0AF8F6FCB6F8B9" box="[197,851,1877,1903]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="7ADA6477D21FE07CFF0AF8F6FDA9F8B9" bold="true" box="[197,588,1877,1903]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Distribution and natural history</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="8FAEC3E6D21FE07CFD91F8F5FCB6F8B9" box="[606,851,1878,1903]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ucumari">Colostethus ucumari</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is known from cloud forest localities in the Cordillera Central at approximately 
<quantity id="8F561580D21FE07CFDEFF8DDFD20F84E" box="[544,709,1918,1944]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="2300.0" valueMax="2500.0" valueMin="2100.0">2100–2500 m</quantity>
above sea level. It is a riparian species not known to occur more than a few meters (&lt;
<quantity id="8F561580D21FE07CFE02F805FE1EF816" box="[461,507,1958,1984]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
) from the water’s edge. Specimens were taken in grassy vegetation and on and beneath rocks along streams and pools, in both primary forest (i.e., unmodified forest of&gt; 
<quantity id="8F561580D21FE07CFB7AF86DFB17F83E" box="[1205,1266,1998,2024]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
height) and in or at the edge of forest clearings, such as pastures and grassy roadside drainage ditches. Most specimens were taken during diurnal collecting, but the 
<typeStatus id="971506C7D21CE07FFDBAFF63FD39FF0C" box="[629,732,192,218]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and topoparatypes were recorded as being collected while active at night (specific time not reported, but collecting activities and other species obtained suggest it was nocturnal, not crepuscular).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>