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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297059" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316535" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bb605a32-1722-403b-9e46-bac664e1a8e5" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905143547" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. &amp; Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="90BAB4AF0559D644B35138DD7151FDF1" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Cricetidae.955-1189.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Microtus (Microtus) arvalis" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="05F3D1847A4743C70A50558FE6B48509" lastPageNumber="991" masterDocId="05F3D1847A4743C70A50558FE6B48509" masterDocTitle="Order Rodentia - Family Cricetidae" masterLastPageNumber="1189" masterPageNumber="955" pageNumber="991" updateTime="1716773916032" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="789DC28ABB0F1E0E69E20DF70C06980C">Order Rodentia - Family Cricetidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4ECC95E8C5D980C37E5572A221BD62EC">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DB7A6FB030F6DBE7A815D3D2854E5ED6">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3BECC73D9B1E16D94EDB13E19510A54F">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2</mods:title>
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<treatment id="90BAB4AF0559D644B35138DD7151FDF1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231522633" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:90BAB4AF0559D644B35138DD7151FDF1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/90BAB4AF0559D644B35138DD7151FDF1" lastPageNumber="991" pageNumber="991" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13000248">
<subSubSection id="5D16DC793624E7ACCFA00133072006F9" pageNumber="991" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8C6D03E93B29A92C425505DE69B3EDCE" pageNumber="991">
<taxonomicName id="2D03628C831743BF523DB628ED8CB3E2" ID-CoL="7VV7P" authority="(Pallas 1778)" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="99898AD73BB726567507C63100F018BF" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) arvalis</emphasis>
(Pallas 1778)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="328526EE6D632CCD6A7201C8D12E302F" pageNumber="991" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9B11922BB800B5AEDE6880897A3125C7" pageNumber="991">
<treatmentCitation id="155E720EB5B0AFFD6A1A7C716AD9C077" author="Pallas" authority="Pallas 1778" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="78" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis" title="Mus arvalis" volumeTitle="Nova Spec. Quad. Glir. Ord." year="1778">
<taxonomicName id="D281A3C2D086AF3ABB70892FA0FD9983" ID-CoL="7XFZD" authority="Pallas 1778" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
<emphasis id="0C397689D021F3381A0B0612E73EF203" italics="true" pageNumber="991">[Mus] arvalis</emphasis>
Pallas 1778
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="9FFAA61853597734C6EBA528B7F21C15" author="Pallas" pageNumber="991" pagination="78" title="Mus arvalis" volumeTitle="Nova Spec. Quad. Glir. Ord." year="1778">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3FFC46B853734DB7ADFA095DDD0EEE20" rank="species">Nova Spec.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Quad. Glir. Ord.: 78
</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="24EC319BC5098D9B1AA08B8BBBD102BB" pageNumber="991" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0698BC4A08FBF8CA53C1D5BFF601E253" pageNumber="991">
<emphasis id="AFF86A16A9F4E8349F298284E4CDFB88" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="991">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="5609E519575B5DB24206758CE4D62482" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867286623" country="Russia" pageNumber="991" stateProvince="Leningrad">
<collectingCountry id="9AA13BE3A8C293FCA7F92D6BD5411967" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="D7ED20BC07AD613E10E7FCF5A9BA6DD2" country="Russia" name="Leningrad">Leningrad Oblast</collectingRegion>
, Pushkin-town (as restricted by
<typeStatus id="4DD728849E270931220DB97289FCADD4">neotype</typeStatus>
selection by
<bibRefCitation id="4B1F3F0A3528735C5B50A2BE84EDB479" author="Malygin, V. M. &amp; V. N. Yatsenko" refId="ref223504" refString="Malygin, V. M., and V. N. Yatsenko. 1986. [Taxonomic nomenclature of sibling species of the common vole (Rodentia, Cricetidae).] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 65: 579 - 591 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1986">Malygin and Yatsenko, 1986</bibRefCitation>
; formerly as &quot;
<collectingCountry id="AF07D20B34F0DF22ABA62A3DB6AEBD57" name="Germany">Germany</collectingCountry>
,&quot; e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="662ACFE16BF752C688E6EC3CA86F322E" author="Ellerman, J. R. &amp; T. C. S. Morrison-Scott" refId="ref93180" refString="Ellerman, J. R., and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp." year="1951">Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951</bibRefCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DA9E1E3ACB5D9FA387001D4DDD0D7BFC" pageNumber="991" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="4A422875F5ABFE630C7D67D16FB83261" pageNumber="991">
<emphasis id="403E517AE942C8C81E1D69EC72FE064D" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="991">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="0C138574B5D148A517F57B5181BEA301" language="eng" pageNumber="991">Common Vole</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CBF91F4007A4058B6E2F915B0BBD88AE" pageNumber="991" type="synonym_list">
<paragraph id="D0408169233A5942D802518A6A5A87AA" pageNumber="991">
<emphasis id="8391379A93E296B5493BAC04255A20F1" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="991">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9F851950EDE16100B212665BB49CD177" authority="(Bechstein 1801)" baseAuthorityName="Bechstein" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albus" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="14962ADEDFFDD7DE76BEE06729395786" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) albus</emphasis>
(Bechstein 1801)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="6F8D2A5998F94031698761CFF6B4A787" authority="(Schinz 1840)" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvensis" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="3CCF294734BFD271AC50C0FADF984EC5" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) arvensis</emphasis>
(Schinz 1840)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="25CFFF457DF0EDC1CAA5EFFC4CBA92BA" authority="Miller 1908" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angularis" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="66EE1B81FBC8D4BD3AD01E3A1542A395" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) angularis</emphasis>
Miller 1908
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="EEDE55CA38C6668E7889AF839C0DDAFC" authority="(Rörig and Börner 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Rörig and Börner" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="assimilis" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="14833929C27A3A229910C1F54457FC60" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) assimilis</emphasis>
(Rörig and Börner 1905)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="27574B1B76FE6E89A61562BD01DD24A7" authority="Miller 1912" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1912" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="assimilis" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="EE32824416CFD1503507C8BF51488360" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) assimilis</emphasis>
Miller 1912
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="B7EE7B0DDF21D6EBFF8E3C6F780ED993" authority="Miller 1908" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="asturianus" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="9334C0A87F0C8D9734878EA5ACE7C93C" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) asturianus</emphasis>
Miller 1908
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="AF690669B5E336B1280ACA703B12007D" authority="(de Sélys Longchamps 1845)" baseAuthorityName="de Sélys Longchamps" baseAuthorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="8117F6560D61704A0E78640E6CA9CCFB" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) ater</emphasis>
(de Sélys Longchamps 1845)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="A35A6DD2931699D5CE9B985B02F694E4" authority="Ognev 1924" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="ACBD5DD25066D73F25917FCD2A04264D" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) brevirostris</emphasis>
Ognev 1924
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="E8B1B1E7DADD01062B771B81682BDAB4" authority="Montagu 1923" authorityName="Montagu" authorityYear="1923" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calypsus" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="A5AD6163A17B9D58CD9EE373B9F48F24" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) calypsus</emphasis>
Montagu 1923
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="056ED492199E48D1C98198B29AD57A60" authority="(Blasius 1853)" baseAuthorityName="Blasius" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="campestris" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="5C982E4E1215BA29644526C80DA049A1" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) campestris</emphasis>
(Blasius 1853)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="D50DAA9ED3BC347DDCE87BABE9856B38" authority="Satunin 1896" authorityName="Satunin" authorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caucasicus" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="E62FC90278E44DA7664D5F7DCD2B1F5B" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) caucasicus</emphasis>
Satunin 1896
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="B97BE818D41EE6040BD4072672CDD323" authority="Stein 1931" authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1931" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cimbricus" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="D333C73D5FE644F9AA6D9A177D9EF6F2" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) cimbricus</emphasis>
Stein 1931
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="DAA3750686F002007A4C5BDFC2FB0C07" authority="(Rörig and Börner 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Rörig and Börner" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="contigua" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="F6D3151BD45405522A9F990343043CFD" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) contigua</emphasis>
(Rörig and Börner 1905)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="E6ED637C78471B601ECF94170DF3F090" authority="Hinton 1910" authorityName="Hinton" authorityYear="1910" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="corneri" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="B4446A285982C9E504F4CEEA8F999D47" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) corneri</emphasis>
Hinton 1910
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="FF36531EA07BC848E147185C2AF96B16" authority="(Ray 1847)" baseAuthorityName="Ray" baseAuthorityYear="1847" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cunicularius" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="2CA253547F92A1E79CECC92F512EC960" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) cunicularius</emphasis>
(Ray 1847)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="7922A991C25FEE6ECA5161A476D402CB" authority="(Rörig and Börig 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Rörig and Börig" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depressa" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="E617F6ECDF173BAD06597FA96DA34989" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) depressa</emphasis>
(Rörig and Börig 1905)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="EAC6CA72C1C86AD19509140046B4CC92" authority="Miller 1912" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1912" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depressa" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="C541F7797A98E9D822B83E8B9F8E94E9" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) depressa</emphasis>
Miller 1912
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="830E64CA82E635AB49CEBC75A4A3B5FF" authority="Rörig and Börner 1905" authorityName="Rörig and Börner" authorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duplicatus" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="71E21A9FC6F58F961A211F810406EE21" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) duplicatus</emphasis>
Rörig and Börner 1905
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="0A6DFF1E956C88E124A783C7A4899A76" authority="Miller 1912" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1912" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duplicatus" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="7FCC98E6DBB460FA18A64707EA87C129" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) duplicatus</emphasis>
Miller 1912
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="079A2691A8A15C76EE4ED736BEFFF377" authority="(Fatio 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Fatio" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flava" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="F5193B7E8C31A464794A5AEBB80B7F8E" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) flava</emphasis>
(Fatio 1905)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="6C8708B887BAC19F1AF85F8545773E6C" authority="(Fatio 1869)" baseAuthorityName="Fatio" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulva" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="06A2ACF36AACE1FFC76BE708EE3737F6" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) fulva</emphasis>
(Fatio 1869)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="DFCBCB1028144295766B9DC8316F6399" authority="Geoffroy 1803" authorityName="Geoffroy" authorityYear="1803" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvus" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="23BDA1D6F6482E543FBCA536A7B76602" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) fulvus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="29189C38F3CDA82ACB1DAC8F1C4D15FE" author="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E." refId="ref118357" refString="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E. 1803. Catalogue des mammiferes du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 272 pp." year="1803">Geoffroy 1803</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="2F1BA63B25507242E0F72CCD46CA830C" authority="(Miller 1912)" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvus" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="AA3ABE5C74DF7CEEB9BFDD6B1ABBB784" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) fulvus</emphasis>
(Miller 1912)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="B7ACA674E14C444EA558F525BF718D9F" authority="(Fatio 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Fatio" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galliardi" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="DBAD5DED39C3281522BD5312F291C3FD" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) galliardi</emphasis>
(Fatio 1905)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="9982F5DE607A9B523BA999137CDEF969" authority="(Krassovsky 1929)" baseAuthorityName="Krassovsky" baseAuthorityYear="1929" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ghalgai" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="ECF3A1AC5A641A9DF34E74969170F382" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) ghalgai</emphasis>
(Krassovsky 1929)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="5B01C09EE521B810E1E2FCF80A36B239" authority="Martino and Martino 1948" authorityName="Martino and Martino" authorityYear="1948" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="48FE6AEE11D448C4485DC21C8B5E11E2" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) grandis</emphasis>
Martino and Martino 1948
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="3A5E15E23E7CDA024E8517F9900D1FF5" authority="Ognev 1929" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1929" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gudauricus" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="5FE826A75432652C88AFA07DEB394B31" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) gudauricus</emphasis>
Ognev 1929
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="CAB1A44BBACD6EB3E68127EC3901BDF4" authority="Bolkay 1925" authorityName="Bolkay" authorityYear="1925" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hawelkae" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="9B468ECF52FAFEE4BFF10D6512EA8E96" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) hawelkae</emphasis>
Bolkay 1925
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="A2CAD353ADC5A2944B64FADB6CBE47B6" authority="Hamar 1963" authorityName="Hamar" authorityYear="1963" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heptneri" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="50C1C6B3F33B7581184DE9B047BA947E" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) heptneri</emphasis>
Hamar 1963
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="D40786AE86F20350CB673FA6B527F07F" authority="Goodwin 1940" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1940" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyrcania" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="CBF2774176A770591B7DCEFB3BC70517" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) hyrcania</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1F928571DE3A3BD5E4AB1FB8FD799F95" author="Goodwin, G. G." refId="ref125453" refString="Goodwin, G. G. 1940. Mammals collected by the Legendre 1938 Iran expedition. American Museum Novitates, 1082: 1 - 17." year="1940">Goodwin 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="97D7CBBC85FD28D938F1B685179D74D2" authority="Bolkay 1919" authorityName="Bolkay" authorityYear="1919" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="igmanensis" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="C884D043D895C5BEA463A56125A27C21" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) igmanensis</emphasis>
Bolkay 1919
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="22A3CC8234F907A2F391A9812ABA15BD" authority="(de Sélys Longchamps 1841)" baseAuthorityName="de Sélys Longchamps" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incertus" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="F59793939FDBFF61AA2B6E77370E6718" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) incertus</emphasis>
(de Sélys Longchamps 1841)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="D343A6D3F300A3C5789C4C2536EDB771" authority="Stein 1931" authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1931" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incognitus" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="5B688F402696E8BC4DE7FA7183E5FAAE" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) incognitus</emphasis>
Stein 1931
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="0640318B03E35A09A5E080F23ECC6DAE" authority="Heptner 1946" authorityName="Heptner" authorityYear="1946" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iphigeniae" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="BC432BA498CDD491D3BA7C85AA20BC99" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) iphigeniae</emphasis>
Heptner 1946
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="AC804D14CBB7D911F51C0A69E208B9E7" authority="Goodwin 1940" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1940" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="khorkoutensis" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="49AAF2762AFC8687707E3379CC045EB7" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) khorkoutensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="01DBD3E7C211FBF3272AD42BA0F832F7" author="Goodwin, G. G." refId="ref125453" refString="Goodwin, G. G. 1940. Mammals collected by the Legendre 1938 Iran expedition. American Museum Novitates, 1082: 1 - 17." year="1940">Goodwin 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="6530178E176F32155B365CA5AC61A02D" authority="Ognev 1924" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrocranius" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="46D233C64986EDCC14F29B6DAD6EE883" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) macrocranius</emphasis>
Ognev 1924
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="42F1405595D81DF922601BDB87FE8145" authority="Delost 1955" authorityName="Delost" authorityYear="1955" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meldensis" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="71572DF8C2071DD79F6FDDD3054C6BE2" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) meldensis</emphasis>
Delost 1955
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="94A9C1BDEEADB0AB0A93D34BB9035980" authority="Miller 1908" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridianus" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="493C5DAA278A323C1D16749F5433C241" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) meridianus</emphasis>
Miller 1908
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="027B7B4737893A06381E9763FE5A9D2D" authority="(de Filippi 1865)" baseAuthorityName="de Filippi" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="9127DA92F2A40A8A039435A6D11A0F06" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) mystacinus</emphasis>
(de Filippi 1865)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="0FCA8195E0F600BCFC3A152431F46CBE" authority="(Eversmann 1841)" baseAuthorityName="Eversmann" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="9FEBE64D1E740B4F8C543B3A3D3D045A" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) obscurus</emphasis>
(Eversmann 1841)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="9B497CF397E7D8F24FCD081009074403" authority="Millais 1904" authorityName="Millais" authorityYear="1904" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orcadensis" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="5C4A122B4387511D9A4C5EEFB01C2741" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) orcadensis</emphasis>
Millais 1904
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="466F1A3302435594ECD82F3263099906" authority="Heim de Balsac 1940" authorityName="Heim de Balsac" authorityYear="1940" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oyaensis" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="FC09A0DF719D02B1D3393B9BACA9900A" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) oyaensis</emphasis>
Heim de Balsac 1940
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="C5E46528AF6F789D4F37A100EC621871" authority="(Rörig and Börig 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Rörig and Börig" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="principalis" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="DF3A09344955AF27D56FEB891090E414" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) principalis</emphasis>
(Rörig and Börig 1905)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="FCBDDF180FE753B889B0CD28B82A4E8D" authority="Miller 1912" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1912" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="principalis" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="20D6BEAC16BAE544B322F7E0AEAA85E0" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) principalis</emphasis>
Miller 1912
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="6C8446D7C9520016C880928EDA62953C" authority="Heinrich 1936" authorityName="Heinrich" authorityYear="1936" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodopensis" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="B590A513EDBC70D31C3C2E3CA58D387F" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) rhodopensis</emphasis>
Heinrich 1936
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="F47F536A46B6B1568ECC8F09FA73107F" authority="Hinton 1913" authorityName="Hinton" authorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ronaldshaiensis" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="31F6D40A0981EB1ADFAE517BC349B351" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) ronaldshaiensis</emphasis>
Hinton 1913
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="12A7156EF6A36CBE38BE35A74BF45C6F" authority="Hinton 1913" authorityName="Hinton" authorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rousiensis" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="90D18F86EFA08B5AAD4DDAC2873EE317" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) rousiensis</emphasis>
Hinton 1913
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="D93C4E9C43851B53102C477E59F950B3" authority="(Schinz 1845)" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescentefuscus" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="92C79A3F1847647041303FB29325D559" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) rufescentefuscus</emphasis>
(Schinz 1845)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="93F2D21FF47142704E09025C976EE6DB" authority="Ognev 1950" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1950" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruthenus" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="904547161C357C7D618D72D39C298B23" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) ruthenus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="05E3A0E7708FF0428276EA5E5B92D3F5" author="Ognev, S. I." refId="ref264593" refString="Ognev, S. I. 1950. Zveri SSSR i prilezhashchikh stran: Gryzuny (prodolzhenie). (Zveri vostochnoi Evropy i severnoi Azii) [Mammals of the USSR and adjacent countries: Rodents (continued). (Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Asia)]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 7: 1 - 706 + 15 maps (in Russian)." year="1950">Ognev 1950</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="A819EB9A4F17ABE4B703B7DCB537E233" authority="Millais 1905" authorityName="Millais" authorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sandayensis" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="D6AFEE6FA9A86BAA582393302D383011" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) sandayensis</emphasis>
Millais 1905
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="934CDE1D05C0ABD01E1786A3552C50E8" authority="Miller 1909" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sarnius" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="E9C9AC7BC1236EFED021002FCB6C72B6" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) sarnius</emphasis>
Miller 1909
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="0C78C757B6687FBDFBF09EE2CF185F9C" authority="(Rörig and Börig 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Rörig and Börig" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simplex" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="42718D80FB231C484198468F4D99FB4C" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) simplex</emphasis>
(Rörig and Börig 1905)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="334996CD826B77A1765BD24C635241BF" authority="Miller 1912" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1912" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simplex" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="639A8D07D7AB241B53649BA978043DC6" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) simplex</emphasis>
Miller 1912
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="6A6153E1105C36D6A73B2F2964AB224C" authority="(Schrank 1798)" baseAuthorityName="Schrank" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="terrestris" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="5E800D0B58C0CEE4DCACDBDC2D3A242B" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) terrestris</emphasis>
(Schrank 1798)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="F0CDA0EE1BE56032AEA40D2E99AE29C0" authority="Ognev 1924" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transcaucasicus" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="1F30AA1268C4220A6ED2412FC50D4E4A" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) transcaucasicus</emphasis>
Ognev 1924
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="8FAD44D891D96DC3201F4248537CA766" authority="Serebrennikov 1929" authorityName="Serebrennikov" authorityYear="1929" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transuralensis" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="1A4B9141CDB1DA2B90F747285AB1E3BF" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) transuralensis</emphasis>
Serebrennikov 1929
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="B8FC87AF18DD49E3A7422C837EC15555" authority="(Rörig and Börner 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Rörig and Börner" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variabilis" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="350BBD61AA41A76C15FB70D623033550" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) variabilis</emphasis>
(Rörig and Börner 1905)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="44F25A68D13C7C9F540BDDAD41877FB0" authority="Miller 1912" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1912" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variabilis" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="0096BFD8CDF258D73600E60E1BF2AA9D" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) variabilis</emphasis>
Miller 1912
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="936894BE08D265B5DBB3FC798EE99113" authority="(Desmarest 1822)" baseAuthorityName="Desmarest" baseAuthorityYear="1822" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulgaris" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="A186FA9454F2E3D154791CE1A606B91D" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) vulgaris</emphasis>
(Desmarest 1822)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="37380FAF9A37088C3EF1DE2777DF2738" authority="Miller 1908" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="991" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="westrae" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="FCC76FF258EE74A89BAF043DD917E17B" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus (Microtus) westrae</emphasis>
Miller 1908
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D36B6907A00F930BC2BC3029DA8BFA9E" pageNumber="991" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="02A98D8DB3C5F52BD6DD64CEA51AF03E" pageNumber="991">
<emphasis id="6A422C48FA7DF32824603F6D0EE3C466" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="991">Distribution:</emphasis>
NE
<collectingCountry id="FF2568CDA8939BB69541A827C7E19367" name="Portugal">Portugal</collectingCountry>
and C and N
<collectingCountry id="C3F6CEDA25BCCD41B88B15EA53A57771" name="Spain">Spain</collectingCountry>
(Brunet-Lecomte, 1991;
<bibRefCitation id="9F856CA5C82B4C9F3497ACA171E7EE13" author="Castien, E. &amp; J. Gosalbez" refId="ref54281" refString="Castien, E., and J. Gosalbez. 1992. Distribucion de micromamiferos (Insectivora y Rodentia) en Navarra. Navarra Miscellania Zoologica, 16: 183 - 195." year="1992">Castien and Gosalbez, 1992</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="27B6909EFE2721EBFD238C53BA3C25F8" author="Gonzalez-Esteban, J. &amp; I. Villate &amp; J. Gosalbez" refId="ref123953" refString="Gonzalez-Esteban, J., I. Villate, and J. Gosalbez. 1995. Expansion del area de distribucion de Microtus arvalis asturianus Miller, 1908 (Rodentia, Arvicolidae) en la Meseta Norte (Espana). Donana, Acta Vertebrata, 22 (1 - 2): 106 - 110." year="1995">Gonzalez-Esteban et al., 1995</bibRefCitation>
) through
<collectingCountry id="CC9C6272F08DAC7CB7509E70DD2F8F49" name="France">France</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="014435BBB743C91E79378B0B4491A915" name="Belgium">Belgium</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="34D18960DBAC5D403F8AC69AA64FAE2C" name="Netherlands">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4AC8220EFA55E205634F68B99F73BAD3" author="Jonkers, D. A." refId="ref177356" refString="Jonkers, D. A. 1992. Veldmuis, Microtus arvalis (Pallas, 1779). Pp. 269 - 272, in Atlas van de Nederlandse Zoogdieren (S. Broekhuizen, B. Hoekstra, V. van Laar, C. Smeenk, and J. B. M. Thissen, eds.). Stichting Uitgeverij Koninklijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging, Utrecht, 336 pp." year="1992">Jonkers, 1992</bibRefCitation>
, mapped distributional changes between 1850 and 1988),
<collectingCountry id="D2D9109982F5B28F69C3BD77E7129456" name="Germany">Germany</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4E04E36EAA9B08CC921C8303E302AF2C" author="Dolch, D. &amp; R. Labes &amp; J. Teubner" refId="ref87223" refString="Dolch, D., R. Labes, and J. Teubner. 1994. Beitrage zur Saugetierfauna der Prignitz. Veroffentlichung Potsdam-Museum 31, Beitrage zur Tierwelt der Mark XII, S.: 33 - 68." year="1994">Dolch et al., 1994</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="57D3ED182AF786C2A3B7C5293ABED88F" name="Switzerland">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3533170E862FC1718A50AA43B1D58A28" author="Hausser, J." refId="ref142872" refString="Hausser, J. 1995. Saugetiere der Schweiz. Verbreitung. Biologie. Okologie. Birkhauser Verlag: Basel, 501 pp." year="1995">Hausser, 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="90EF6051D29F4C7BEE3DF96B5E72032B" author="Maurizio, R." refId="ref231876" refString="Maurizio, R. 1994. I piccoli mammiferi (Mammalia: Insectivora, Chiroptera, Rodentia, Carnivora) della Bregaglia (Grigioni, Svizzera). Il Naturalista Valtellinese-Atti del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Morbegno, 5: 91 - 138." year="1994">Maurizio, 1994</bibRefCitation>
), N
<collectingCountry id="A975F4798651D21BA2A6CE2BDC63179C" name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="46BD641A9F084050776BF89258D0535F" author="Amori, G. &amp; F. M. Angelici &amp; L. Boitani" refId="ref7666" refString="Amori, G., F. M. Angelici, and L. Boitani. 1999. Mammals of Italy: A revised checklist of species and subspecies (Mammalia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 79 (2): 271 - 286." year="1999">Amori et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F454846FD4237B303ABB120ECAB13993" author="Bigini, I. &amp; R. Turini" refId="ref32173" refString="Bigini, I., and R. Turini. 1995. The common vole, Microtus arvalis Pallas, 1779: A relict species in northern Garfagnana (Tuscany, Italy). Atti del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste, 46: 129 - 131." year="1995">Bigini and Turini, 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A797E65F2A08C2DC3B901330957AF667" author="Cantini, M." refId="ref50147" refString="Cantini, M. 1991. Comunita di piccoli Mammiferi (Mammalia: Insectivora, Rodentia, Carnivora) nell'Alto Lario Orientale (Lombardia, Italia) e valutazioni della qualita ambientale. Il Naturalista Valtellinese-Atti Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Morbegno, 2: 71 - 98." year="1991">Cantini, 1991</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="851BECAE4EC89B687311DFA24CC1A7D3" author="Paolucci, P. &amp; M. Bon &amp; R. De Battisti &amp; F. Mezzavilla &amp; E. Vernier" refId="ref272332" refString="Paolucci, P., M. Bon, R. De Battisti, F. Mezzavilla, E. Vernier. 1993. Distribuzione di alcuni mammiferi in Veneto. Supplemento alle Ricerchedi Biologia della Selvaggina, 31: 415 - 424." year="1993">Paolucci et al., 1993</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="55AA9C216B072FDF4A9261509AD9CA15" name="Austria">Austria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="76A2DBB5B17C6DFF119FD18AD40682B4" name="Hungary">Hungary</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7AD1719BFBE8767EBB5B1A28F7014F15" name="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
(Andĕra and Červený, 1994; Šmaha, 1996),
<collectingCountry id="57F7382280B8DA36123218C9ABA70429" name="Slovakia">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9F4274E20B3FD3EC5C9B95C32F307463" author="Danko, S." refId="ref73434" refString="Danko, S. 1994. [Small mammals of the protected landscape area East Carpathians]. Zbornik Vychodoslovenskeho Muzea v Kosiciah, Prirodne Vedy, 35: 63 - 76 (in Czech with English summary)." year="1994">Danko, 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B04E6FA4BDC3A5164CEC21730D5CE7CA" author="Kminiak, M." refId="ref189609" refString="Kminiak, M. 1996. Faunistic notes on small mammals fauna in the region of Oravska Magura Mountains (subregion Kubinska hol'a, Northern Slovakia). Lynx (Praha), n. s., 27: 13 - 24 (in Czech with English abstract)." year="1996">Kminiak, 1996</bibRefCitation>
; Mošanský, 1994;
<bibRefCitation id="A1E5E096149502CE55A5A22C84AABB99" author="Stanko, M." refId="ref338772" refString="Stanko, M. 1995. [Synusia of small ground mammals (Insectivora, Rodentia) of the Biosphere Reserve East Carpathians.] Natura Carpatica, 36: 119 - 126 (in Czech with English summary)." year="1995">Stanko, 1995</bibRefCitation>
; Stanko and Mošanský, 1994, 2000; Stanko et al., 1994, 2000),
<collectingCountry id="C075A5431C65C2081972B1974C615109" name="Poland">Poland</collectingCountry>
, the Baltic region (
<bibRefCitation id="CCF4ED0F8C26EF6E3B241870F27E0840" author="Miljutin, A." refId="ref241590" refString="Miljutin, A. 1997. Ecomorphology of the Baltic rodents: Body form, ecological strategies and adaptive evolution. Folia Theriologica Estonica, 3: 1 - 111." year="1997">Miljutin, 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="A4EA6465D7AA343E0EDD85CC0A2F83AE" author="Miljutin, A." refId="ref241621" refString="Miljutin, A. 1998. Ecological strategies of the Baltic rodents. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, Section B, 52 (1 / 2): 20 - 30." year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="11AE17B10484E03E54AE09FD068E0429" author="Timm, U. &amp; V. Pilats &amp; L. Balciauskas" refId="ref356772" refString="Timm, U., V. Pilats, and L. Balciauskas. 1998. Mammals of the East Baltic. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B, 52 (594 / 595): 1 - 9." year="1998">Timm et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingCountry id="CA93222C21BEF0A74E9DF390750D6BFB" name="Denmark">Denmark</collectingCountry>
(but not most of Fennoscandia), and eastward to C and S Urals in
<collectingRegion id="DF54BE0A93F87B3BAA3BAE99E8A602BD" country="Russia" name="Sverdlovsk">Sverdlovsk</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="EC9C4F4B8ABFD307E15AD27B13401CD8" country="Russia" name="Chelyabinsk">Chelyabinsk</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion id="838B7E1EE5D91840D5B8C912EF24287D" country="Russia" name="Orenburg">Orenburg</collectingRegion>
districts in
<collectingCountry id="1976A2E999B2CC7BF4EF81E908620EC5" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="13DE6A2EDB85536535DA8F1005F4F73A" author="Gileva, E. A. &amp; M. I. Cheprakov &amp; D. Yu Nochrin" refId="ref121110" refString="Gileva, E. A., M. I. Cheprakov, and D. Yu Nochrin. 1996. [Voles of the group Microtus arvalis (Rodentia, Cricetidae) in the Urals.] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 75 (9): 1436 - 1439 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1996">Gileva et al., 1996</bibRefCitation>
); south through
<collectingCountry id="FFE7C9ECE6001E5B12575ED2334140A4" name="Slovenia">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
(Kryštufek, 1991),
<collectingCountry id="4531EE5804804F0CB945B327A3BB1D8B" name="Serbia">Serbia and Montenegro</collectingCountry>
(Petrov, 1991),
<collectingCountry id="2CB88F2902C872CD771255D95FD16374" name="Romania">Romania</collectingCountry>
, N and W
<collectingCountry id="210618BD8C705F5E42E2A51666270FEF" name="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
; east through
<collectingCountry id="EB736554E0405E471540BA808936C13D" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
from
<collectingRegion id="16957D3D87AF3BA9407B3194E2EEE53A" country="Ukraine" name="Crimea">Krym</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingRegion id="14E8D096D46A067AD89D4D8C422E6D53" country="Ukraine" name="Crimea">Crimea</collectingRegion>
) and E
<collectingCountry id="B1AC0C75E2EECA4F64DA22F1C3BCDF91" name="Ukraine">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
through Siberia to the upper Yenesei River; south through NW Mongolia, NW
<collectingCountry id="5D3D3453C66DF958678E35D404EE76A7" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="BF22E1C3FE4979B76A958ADBF1BFD8A1">NW</collectionCode>
<collectingRegion id="5B2D9309C2EAE4E496844628D259B071" country="China" name="Xinjiang Uygur">Xinjiang</collectingRegion>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6F1EBEACBD0169DF289B45693E2BDDC7" author="Zhang, Y. &amp; S. Jin &amp; G. Quan &amp; S. Li &amp; Z. Ye &amp; F. Wang &amp; M. Zhang" refId="ref405616" refString="Zhang, Y., S. Jin, G. Quan, S. Li, Z. Ye, F. Wang, and M. Zhang. 1997. Distribution of mammalian species in China. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 280 pp." year="1997">Zhang et al., 1997</bibRefCitation>
), the Altai Mtns and Kazhakstan (
<bibRefCitation id="FE9BC9B5F73E8FF99F8388215B9D27B2" author="Kovalskaya, Yu. M." refId="ref195611" refString="Kovalskaya, Yu. M. 1994. [On the distribution of voles of the group arvalis (Rodentia) in Kazakhstan.] Zoologischeskii Zhurnal, 73 (3): 120 - 125 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1994">Kovalskaya, 1994</bibRefCitation>
), to the Caucasus, N and E
<collectingCountry id="612EC80086B8877C1D3750DEA36FBD03" name="Turkey">Turkey</collectingCountry>
(Kryštufek and Vohralík, 2001;
<bibRefCitation id="08075B4D60C224BAC818C11F8DA2FA9A" author="Pamukoglu, N. &amp; I. Albayrak" refId="ref272014" refString="Pamukoglu, N., and I. Albayrak. 1996. The rodents of Kastamonu Province (Mammalia: Rodentia). Communications de la Faculte des Sciences de Universite d'Ankara, Serie C, Biologie, 14: 1 - 22." year="1996">Pamukoglu and Albayrak, 1996</bibRefCitation>
), NW
<collectingCountry id="0F14436117062F81C962AAE12A30F661" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
and east through the
<collectingRegion id="584F61D86634EB2A487A3CF8958ECAAC" country="Iran" name="Alborz">Elburz</collectingRegion>
Mtns to N
<collectingRegion id="6A13B512C935A88EA87A1D9683510B27" country="Iran" name="Khorasan-e Shomali">Khorassan Prov.</collectingRegion>
of NE
<collectingCountry id="7FA36CCA8A2912738B8E1A371F73D4F7" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="59A7E688D27996661C668BD277DE889B" author="Lay, D. M." refId="ref207358" refString="Lay, D. M. 1967. A study of the mammals of Iran resulting from the Street expedition of 1962 - 63. Fieldiana: Zoology, 54: 1 - 282." year="1967">Lay, 1967</bibRefCitation>
; type series of
<taxonomicName id="DE7A4E5E2402B484829BBD80423F867B" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1940" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="khorkoutensis">
<emphasis id="313D970B1520B65F33BD6D05101EFEC8" italics="true" pageNumber="991">khorkoutensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<typeStatus id="0A0A42D82E09A8F11B0591B5113A72DA">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="2D75400A56D6045767CEC50A0F4B3D95" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1940" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyrcania">
<emphasis id="1A6EBCEA52C696904458FB4B4AC1CE53" italics="true" pageNumber="991">hyrcania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; see below). Also insular populations on the
<collectingCountry id="3E60A20895812AE7CA6BA20E3C36971B" name="United Kingdom">Orkney</collectingCountry>
Isls (Channel Isls, but not the British Isles), and Yeu (
<collectingCountry id="5A61FEB1D97A653C461A435A2B7A237F" name="France">France</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A6FA95D9EBE92A47D4A69D5F2269F1AA" pageNumber="991" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="7ABE5C0EBA44B600D6B1FD2E09E00F82" pageNumber="991">
<emphasis id="5E9CF2DEE4B2DAB95C2789DC51B17149" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="991">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="25ACF1544BC65B9D788868F66DE0F3D0">IUCN</collectionCode>
Lower Risk (lc) as
<taxonomicName id="DBBDACBCB8F9F6FE62FE968F0BDC501B" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
<emphasis id="ED0565F5C0C901F1F96332BFF18C43AB" italics="true" pageNumber="991">M. arvalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="11AC297C815A71EC2D503F299908FFD9" baseAuthorityName="Eversmann" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis id="6D511F1EFDF00A4FDB2D25A67C8799D9" italics="true" pageNumber="991">M. obscurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A2C14BF9083425698F13F68BAE7871A0" pageNumber="991" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5C24F0547326AC67CAA28DEFC6DFDFAF" pageNumber="991">
<emphasis id="61904D05276CEE7111D9DA5F343B5CAA" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="991">Discussion:</emphasis>
<paragraph id="F5AA9680FFEFA13AF99C8908E8B5E4DE" pageNumber="991">
Subgenus
<taxonomicName id="3A539EA5A52CC0DC0E81A4D171C4F08B" baseAuthorityName="Conroy and Cook" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="805C717C7DB9A90AE70EF84B0F6B3DB3" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A3B42F129849E11F0D7C1D319D9E7714" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
<emphasis id="20FE4F6A3BEF630799092EA4BFE53D34" italics="true" pageNumber="991">arvalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group (
<bibRefCitation id="403CE848F7C2115C8F6EA48B7EFD9D20" author="Pavlinov, I. Ya. &amp; O. L. Rossolimo" refId="ref277815" refString="Pavlinov, I. Ya., and O. L. Rossolimo. 1987. Sistematika mlekopitayushchikh SSSR [Systematics of the mammals of the USSR.]. Moscow University Press, Moscow, 282 pp. (in Russian)." year="1987">Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987</bibRefCitation>
, 1998;
<bibRefCitation id="69E851DDCCD26F1368A729BCAD46EF21" author="Pavlinov, I. Ya &amp; E. L. Yakhontov &amp; A. K. Agadzhanyan" refId="ref278176" refString="Pavlinov, I. Ya, E. L. Yakhontov, and A. K. Agadzhanyan. 1995 a. [Mammals of Eurasia. I. Rodentia. Taxonomic and geographic guide.] Archives of the Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, 32: 289 pp. (in Russian)." year="1995">
Pavlinov et al., 1995
<emphasis id="D6588F91D78979C87D1DDF6DBB636149" italics="true" pageNumber="991">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9B4F476F0E0C5027770D53B4B9C69974" author="Zagorodnyuk, I. V." refId="ref402957" refString="Zagorodnyuk, I. V. 1990. Kariotipicheskaya izmenchivost' i sistematika serykh polevok (Rodentia, Arvicolini). Soobshchenie 1. Vidovoi sostav i khromosomnye chisla [Karyotypic variability and systematics of the gray voles (Rodentia, Arvicolini). Communication 1. Species composition and chromosomal numbers]. Vestnik Zoologii, 2: 26 - 37 (in Russian)." year="1990">Zagorodnyuk, 1990</bibRefCitation>
). Most closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4AA345BE2AB95E2806AB9C6D283D75A6" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="levis">
<emphasis id="A2F43D1110A3914FCDDE6E51361C5D80" italics="true" pageNumber="991">M. levis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(formerly
<emphasis id="94B45D1A0593C4FABC53715F2CA28773" italics="true" pageNumber="991">rossiaemeredionalis</emphasis>
),
<taxonomicName id="C94F7076934EFA3367AE4D52B540CB3B" authorityName="Satunin" authorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transcaspicus">
<emphasis id="DE96041D8A1B072472D3692ACBEF3334" italics="true" pageNumber="991">M. transcaspicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="CCBDDF8359DF7B1EC69F0618C5AFD3A5" authority="(Meyer et al., 1996)" baseAuthorityName="Meyer" baseAuthorityYear="1996" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ilaeus">
<emphasis id="4420D3D1C762EF6093B7455F00DE2255" italics="true" pageNumber="991">M. ilaeus</emphasis>
(Meyer et al., 1996)
</taxonomicName>
. Phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome
<emphasis id="EDE6173683926997F293D3B65A182156" italics="true" pageNumber="991">b</emphasis>
sequences reinforces the strong alliance between
<taxonomicName id="0C3AEC3ADAA5876D26EC6A0AE8598DB5" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
<emphasis id="5F0F6D0BAA3F0580AAE8662F05ABD0B3" italics="true" pageNumber="991">M. arvalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="CECC8BFEC8BBEC75F46A726A08BDE3F4" authority="(Conroy and Cook, 2000 a)" baseAuthorityName="Conroy and Cook" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="levis">
<emphasis id="ABE4D456F0F15B286382D500D9D75FC8" italics="true" pageNumber="991">M. levis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B494D557CD27F1B720610E929328D2F5" author="Conroy, C. J. &amp; J. A. Cook" refId="ref64940" refString="Conroy, C. J., and J. A. Cook. 2000 a. Molecular systematics of a Holarctic rodent (Microtus: Muridae). Journal of Mammalogy, 81: 344 - 359." year="2000">
Conroy and Cook, 2000
<emphasis id="41BAF9E8BD84168881FA7FA306D0B141" italics="true" pageNumber="991">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="88D1D912C62CC15D4DFD17E24574F9E1" pageNumber="991">
Monograph edited by
<bibRefCitation id="E400BAD75B575B8DF596D1862D5DA1B7" author="Sokolov, V. E. &amp; N. V. Bashenina" refId="ref333043" refString="Sokolov, V. E., and N. V. Bashenina (eds.). 1994. [Species of the fauna of Russia and the contiguous countries. Common vole, the sibling species: Microtus arvalis Pallis, 1779, M. rossiaemeridionalis Ognev, 1924.] Nauka Publishers, Moscow, 432 pp. (in Russian)." year="1994">Sokolov and Bashenina (1994)</bibRefCitation>
encapsulates karyology, geographic distribution, taxonomy, morphology, ecology, and contrasts with
<taxonomicName id="2F3F26730FEDB9974A54260B2531870E" baseAuthorityName="Conroy and Cook" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="levis">
<emphasis id="68EC1CEA3D514FC7885DD0E5153D6BC2" italics="true" pageNumber="991">M. levis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="D928F74A8AC4F3D5F952B292650D5830" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossiaemeridionalis">
<emphasis id="41C232CFBD91C95CC6190382E1EAE95E" italics="true" pageNumber="991">rossiaemeridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). So broadly a distributed species has spawned numerous karyotypic studies on chromosomal variation, genomic mapping, and interspecific comparisons (
<bibRefCitation id="0C600BD0B9C5F9C2E19AA5A437B0CD85" author="Baskevich, M. I." refId="ref22459" refString="Baskevich, M. I. 1996 b. [On the karyological differentiation in Caucasian population of common vole (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Microtus).] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 75 (2): 297 - 308 (in Russian)." year="1996">
Baskevich, 1996
<emphasis id="3892AA1194A525B6F3C0786EB7A60D07" italics="true" pageNumber="991">b</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="55763674CC0891E7BBEB8DD3CEFDC755" author="Burgos, M. &amp; R. Jimenez &amp; R. Diaz de la Guardia" refId="ref46945" refString="Burgos, M., R. Jimenez, and R. Diaz de la Guardia. 1989. Comparative study of G- and C-banded chromosomes of five species of Microtidae. Genetica, 78: 3 - 12." year="1989">Burgos et al., 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9500ED089A7CC8DC04B1689F36109488" author="Gileva, E. A. &amp; M. I. Cheprakov &amp; D. Yu Nochrin" refId="ref121110" refString="Gileva, E. A., M. I. Cheprakov, and D. Yu Nochrin. 1996. [Voles of the group Microtus arvalis (Rodentia, Cricetidae) in the Urals.] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 75 (9): 1436 - 1439 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1996">Gileva et al., 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="BF3B8F2B0C961BDCD444F4071C660E12" author="Mazurok, N. A. &amp; A. A. Isaenko &amp; T. B. Nesterova &amp; S. M. Zakian" refId="ref232439" refString="Mazurok, N. A., A. A. Isaenko, T. B. Nesterova, and S. M. Zakian. 1996 a. High-resolution G-banding of chromosomes in the common vole Microtus arvalis (Rodentia, Arvicolidae). Hereditas, 124: 229 - 232." year="1996">
Mazurok et al., 1996
<emphasis id="D46E4FF17DED98A6C1F6500382AF0AA3" italics="true" pageNumber="991">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D5DFF151A59A44749457D27601E0ECDA" author="Mitev, D. &amp; E. Miteva" refId="ref243960" refString="Mitev, D., and E. Miteva. 1991 c. [On the karyotype of Microtus arvalis (Microtidae, Rodentia) in Thrace Depression.] Travaux Scientifiques, 29 (6): 135 - 138 (in Bulgarian with English summary)." year="1991">
Mitev and Mitev, 1991
<emphasis id="C30E725B57DD179B6000EEB3B5BD12BB" italics="true" pageNumber="991">c</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DCF7CC4FF8557C5CED424F91D4212DFB" author="Zima, J. &amp; B. Kral" refId="ref407128" refString="Zima, J., and B. Kral. 1984 a. Karyotypes of European mammals. II. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium, Academiae Scientarium Bohemoslovacae (Brno), 18 (8): 1 - 62." year="1984">
Zima and Kral, 1984
<emphasis id="4841D700E19DD6DFD5876C6F98A9E753" italics="true" pageNumber="991">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="351FB22CB8BFFB6C6E042A87F89452B2" author="Zima, J. &amp; M. Macholan &amp; B. Krystufek &amp; S. Petkovski" refId="ref407558" refString="Zima, J., M. Macholan, B. Krystufek and S. Petkovski. 1997 a. Karyotypes of certain small mammals (Insectivora, Rodentia) from Macedonia. Scopolia, 38: 1 - 15." year="1997">
Zima et al., 1997
<emphasis id="4A493FC6188EDABB8115C4846F1A4401" italics="true" pageNumber="991">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
). Morphological variation among samples from NE
<collectingCountry id="1089C5BBADBB77DA8C28BAB079E43F68" name="Spain">Spain</collectingCountry>
documented by
<bibRefCitation id="5AF6209E8C9F5730DA10DB00946FE11F" author="Gosalbez, J. &amp; V. Sans-Coma" refId="ref126350" refString="Gosalbez, J., and V. Sans-Coma. 1977. Datos sobre Microtus arvalis Pallas, 1778, del Pirineo Catalan. Publicationes. Departamento de Zoologia (Barcelona), 11: 59 - 68." year="1977">Gosalbez and Sans-Coma (1977)</bibRefCitation>
. Distribution in
<collectingCountry id="42CF2F694BCEB9B767EBF4C71CA086BB" name="Portugal">Portugal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="1050F809ED75028CCE3FB2BA14DA2EEE" name="Spain">Spain</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="CA5B6F2A360AD584EFC92E495B4FE74E" name="France">France</collectingCountry>
and morphometric discrimination from species of
<taxonomicName id="D082068F4608684A4002BFE1F0EE4414" baseAuthorityName="Conroy and Cook" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25B7C8B45F817DAABCE56ACD1D3C943B" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Microtus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1E9ADE1DFFE72E0CBA62CA2920337F3A" baseAuthorityName="Nadachowski" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="739406B933D5FA22700AFA22EEBC33E9" italics="true" pageNumber="991">Chionomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within the region documented by
<bibRefCitation id="73E12CDAFEA120CAB3F79CF00A1D5427" author="Madureira, M. D. L." refId="ref221463" refString="Madureira, M. D. L. 1983. On the identification of West-European Microtus of the sub-genera Microtus and Chionomys (Mammalia, Rodentia). A principal component analysis. Revista de Biologia, 12 (3 - 4): 615 - 632." year="1983">Madureira (1983)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="406A4FAA416B3B20907F0ED251E15A1F" author="Kooij, J. van der &amp; M. Gillham &amp; R. J. Post &amp; T. Heijerman &amp; M. D. Wilson" refId="ref192999" refString="Kooij, J. van der, M. Gillham, R. J. Post, T. Heijerman, and M. D. Wilson. 1997. Morphometric variation in the mandible of Microtus arvalis and Microtus agrestis (Rodentia: Cricetidae). Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 47 (1): 47 - 59." year="1997">Kooij et al. (1997)</bibRefCitation>
identified dentaries extracted from owl pellets collected in
<collectingCountry id="32B3522A0885B454913C8DA96DA65A17" name="France">France</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="679E7057BE157DF585509DA58DAAEB56" name="Germany">Germany</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="229CF1FE8B6829872854982A009A5395" name="Netherlands">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
as either
<taxonomicName id="A6F0AEC7FE6AD390FAD4734B34C4338E" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
<emphasis id="B4F69209D6D39BA05E216774AA8A1F90" italics="true" pageNumber="991">M. arvalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="54FDFF2D1A8E60904862EF20A33EF2DD" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1761" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agrestis">
<emphasis id="674091ECFBF538005BEE84042C348ABE" italics="true" pageNumber="991">M. agrestis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by multivariate analyses, and
<bibRefCitation id="04CB0BE4C2AEE88FF9B9551B09B0DB0B" author="Brunet-Lecomte, P. J. &amp; A. Nadachowski &amp; D. Sirugue &amp; N. Indelicato" refId="ref44960" refString="Brunet-Lecomte, P. J., A. Nadachowski, D. Sirugue, and N. Indelicato. 1996. A propos de l'observation d'un rhombe pitymyen a la premiere molaire inferieure chez les campagnols Microtus arvalis et M. agrestis (Rodentia, Arvicolidae). Mammalia, 60 (3): 491 - 495." year="1996">Brunet-Lecomte et al. (1996)</bibRefCitation>
documented differences in m1s between the two species. Molar variability of German samples and its significance documented by
<bibRefCitation id="B87B84BAE83C7CA62E2B84F6D685C096" author="Kapischke, H. - J." refId="ref180506" refString="Kapischke, H. - J. 1997. Zur variabilitat der molarenmuster von feldmausen (Microtus arvalis) aus dem Kreis Meissen (Sachsen) (Mammalia: Rodentia: Muridae). Zoologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 49 (18): 311 - 314." year="1997">Kapischke (1997)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="55D49C8DB393F392D4208F7BF7ACE31A" author="Berry, R. J." refId="ref29137" refString="Berry, R. J. 1996. Small mammal differentiation on islands. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B, 351: 753 - 764." year="1996">Berry (1996)</bibRefCitation>
provided an excellent taxonomic review of populations on the
<collectingCountry id="F6C91F17C4FF0308099BB473630E9DBC" name="United Kingdom">Orkney</collectingCountry>
Isls;
<bibRefCitation id="7313E01A727E6E41CDA4060BBAC9D04F" author="Ligtvoet, W. &amp; A. van Wijngaarden" refId="ref212608" refString="Ligtvoet, W., and A. van Wijngaarden. 1994. The colonization of the island of Noord-Beveland (the Netherlands) by the common vole Microtus arvalis, and its consequences for the root vole M. oeconomus. Lutra, 37 (1): 1 - 28." year="1994">Ligtvoet and Wijngaarden (1994)</bibRefCitation>
traced the rapid colonization by
<taxonomicName id="0CE2C4988904960DA8B6210558778ED8" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
<emphasis id="5CB1F3353EE3F74F2BA7A08A51C64C82" italics="true" pageNumber="991">M. arvalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of a
<collectingCountry id="0C4CAD809D3FCCE3832DDD737445E0BB" name="Netherlands">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
landbridge island recently rejoined to the mainland and displacement of its indigenous occupant,
<taxonomicName id="5E1A19F61335711AF244AAE961A8C35E" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1776" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oeconomus">
<emphasis id="55072DBEDE6C3D97A7D6D2572B78731B" italics="true" pageNumber="991">M. oeconomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA4DE09DFBB5BF5A100FB2BA00BB9923" pageNumber="991">
<bibRefCitation id="6659554815A7B778B5D9D77FD5A5597E" author="Goodwin, G. G." refId="ref125453" refString="Goodwin, G. G. 1940. Mammals collected by the Legendre 1938 Iran expedition. American Museum Novitates, 1082: 1 - 17." year="1940">Goodwin (1940)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="6F9116E9949486118860D0F71B899450" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1940" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="khorkoutensis">
<emphasis id="162D17FD676166C0BED7702EEC4DC7E2" italics="true" pageNumber="991">khorkoutensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Khorkout Range near Dasht, NE
<collectingCountry id="6E57F1E1E90CCE87DC6B323691C2C6D5" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
) as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="A3F6FEE8E557463CCD844A3D1E2A0313" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
<emphasis id="4C46C2B8D883B4A34C89B022876ECBA0" italics="true" pageNumber="991">M. arvalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="16703FE64043834D3495954688F2F852" author="Corbet, G. B." refId="ref67548" refString="Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp." year="1978">
Corbet (1978
<emphasis id="E66EB92C437AB603270F0F625A64DFFF" italics="true" pageNumber="991">c</emphasis>
)
</bibRefCitation>
questionably included it in
<taxonomicName id="B83E4EFF983ED40E5A06FCFC3B5B08A2" authorityName="Satunin" authorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transcaspicus">
<emphasis id="C7DFB9EAE9277B8EF2BD066B8EE583D4" italics="true" pageNumber="991">M. transcaspicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(also in
<taxonomicName id="049B9A4E64CDA72CA64136133CF277A7" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
<emphasis id="6CACEC2FA1113E419CA89631AF1014FE" italics="true" pageNumber="991">arvalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group). Goodwins
<typeStatus id="ECE28D10356B796A6B079B9D33E06DA7">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="7BC2382A5B22E2D216A33411D4BA7476" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" type="">AMNH</collectionCode>
88764) and referred specimens (
<collectionCode id="62E3AB4843B4C7A79A15BFB9D514523E" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" type="">AMNH</collectionCode>
88762, 88763) are much too small for
<taxonomicName id="FAC5D1046A5D65017842AD66F9093590" authorityName="Satunin" authorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transcaspicus">
<emphasis id="7310CB4FD3630156E338692412138E27" italics="true" pageNumber="991">transcaspicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and differ in size and qualitative features from the only other vole in the region,
<taxonomicName id="D99C2A48BB6B325057715C0558532FC7" authorityName="Ognev and Heptner" authorityYear="1928" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paradoxus">
<emphasis id="8C60D97991D98EF73DE50383F5A6617D" italics="true" pageNumber="991">M. paradoxus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B2A8C4A20F19DF45043716AB328520CB" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1773" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socialis">
<emphasis id="1BBE1B82411322797954353E29ECF4C7" italics="true" pageNumber="991">socialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group). Our comparisons indicate that cranial and external characteristics of
<taxonomicName id="F6D4898313F56321CE1750682EDC4966" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1940" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="khorkoutensis">
<emphasis id="B8D32AA24DD8F00F11343EF2A37DB469" italics="true" pageNumber="991">khorkoutensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fit within the range of variation in
<taxonomicName id="A7336AF17DE4B47436F25B3FF806E2C6" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
<emphasis id="85309C4A7C3DFF334DB002D13D910C31" italics="true" pageNumber="991">M. arvalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C3169B7978CE7A476E3E29787496D612" pageNumber="991">
<bibRefCitation id="426C1215A6390FC04178E6B6D59822A2" author="Goodwin, G. G." refId="ref125453" refString="Goodwin, G. G. 1940. Mammals collected by the Legendre 1938 Iran expedition. American Museum Novitates, 1082: 1 - 17." year="1940">Goodwin (1940)</bibRefCitation>
also described
<taxonomicName id="3311ECDA43A693EF817ED0837083AFF7" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1940" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyrcania">
<emphasis id="64CCD249760CAB13B8225A02E7B1F811" italics="true" pageNumber="991">hyrcania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Gouladah, NE
<collectingCountry id="6191C9B0722AE590B8A7E3507A9595AB" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
) as a distinct species, but
<bibRefCitation id="7A7A0942D8612A7BA3F79015FC4396C6" author="Musser, G. G. &amp; M. D. Carleton" refId="ref252333" refString="Musser, G. G., and M. D. Carleton. 1993. Family Muridae. Pp. 501 - 755, in: Mammal species of the world, a taxonomic and geographic reference, Second ed. (D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., xviii + 1206 pp." year="1993">Musser and Carleton (1993)</bibRefCitation>
and Kryštufek and Kefelioğlu (2002) erroneously placed it in
<taxonomicName id="2AE7974986C9FBD6D5B8676CBEE7A225" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1773" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socialis">
<emphasis id="5BC22D87CAFF593212FF83DBFDE8FC18" italics="true" pageNumber="991">M. socialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The
<typeStatus id="F2753069C1E02DCA80568617DBFF4318">holotype</typeStatus>
and only known specimen, however, lacks the woolly and buffy brownish gray upperparts of
<taxonomicName id="CC35BA7888BD031D45834892D7574DC1" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1773" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socialis">
<emphasis id="471B9799B9A5249CFA32C02822006574" italics="true" pageNumber="991">M. socialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(soft and brownish in
<taxonomicName id="94EC2CDF7194C26B529A1A3FA62E9844" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1940" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyrcania">
<emphasis id="C17A8306BE62C3C3EDE67FC6A6486925" italics="true" pageNumber="991">hyrcania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), its white front and hind feet (brown in
<taxonomicName id="065F84DC68B2534A734379E145325A66" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1940" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyrcania">
<emphasis id="F60A005B0BECC2053B16922587D87752" italics="true" pageNumber="991">hyrcania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), short tail (longer in
<taxonomicName id="8F9ABC5B6DFC74586595AB1CFB0B74C3" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1940" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyrcania">
<emphasis id="5533264C212E7870E5ED109DF701B57F" italics="true" pageNumber="991">hyrcania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), larger cranium and relatively larger bullae (small bullae in
<taxonomicName id="B9298FD01E88493287CBCB4E7E34EC13" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1940" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyrcania">
<emphasis id="3973C63FB9268002BE3460ECC0FC2262" italics="true" pageNumber="991">hyrcania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Although a young adult, its external and skull features are nearly identical to those of a young adult
<taxonomicName id="5895946FE360D5824F305062AE28DB14" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1940" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="khorkoutensis">
<emphasis id="0D3EC2ACAECFC9F029C450FF75069D69" italics="true" pageNumber="991">khorkoutensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Both it and
<taxonomicName id="61FD00CC9F7676138FE3E47035DE93CF" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1940" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyrcania">
<emphasis id="0AECDFFAD17CDFA8FD2AC54265837551" italics="true" pageNumber="991">hyrcania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphologically resemble specimens of
<taxonomicName id="AD9FB19D9D8AE17DF4684767BE465F9C" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
<emphasis id="001393C510448980CEF3920173D07263" italics="true" pageNumber="991">M. arvalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from W
<collectingCountry id="6100B7FD60A52429FED2979DD7C4F35C" name="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="4FB979E94F0A64B21BB2C1E075951657" name="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
, not the larger, white-footed and short-tailed
<taxonomicName id="670BC63C019F61D9B94CD331A7E2BA00" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1773" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socialis">
<emphasis id="95D329B6D56B40608E53DFB0EBE18A3D" italics="true" pageNumber="991">M. socialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="25F44AFBAF297FD57C6938020FC166B9" name="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
and NW
<collectingCountry id="E04F2CB63FA57F91631BEC0C10D3D952" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7FEA9051E4D85BC6CA0BE91592D78C30" pageNumber="991">
The taxon
<taxonomicName id="40107B57D05396B5838E94224D94D150" baseAuthorityName="Eversmann" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis id="9CA843729310E2F700D9F9A8721A1E94" italics="true" pageNumber="991">obscurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is either included in
<taxonomicName id="479BE22A594B4EF5C6B54CEC225183C5" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
<emphasis id="800C1557B443454688CE51AFD6BA56BA" italics="true" pageNumber="991">M. arvalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="3C6E6BD530C564DD7A05DA2DF5398361" author="Baskevich, M. I." refId="ref22459" refString="Baskevich, M. I. 1996 b. [On the karyological differentiation in Caucasian population of common vole (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Microtus).] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 75 (2): 297 - 308 (in Russian)." year="1996">
Baskevich, 1996
<emphasis id="1CA20A5A355C02B51744FCE173130E37" italics="true" pageNumber="991">b</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A6E0F70C2AFB6CDB534736728CBD2EA7" author="Corbet, G. B." refId="ref67548" refString="Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp." year="1978">
Corbet, 1978
<emphasis id="3CF116E1EB307B66B76BB7998EFFD9C7" italics="true" pageNumber="991">c</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FDEFCF98170A166B7B17B2FC56726A85" author="Gromov, I. M. &amp; M. A. Erbajeva" refId="ref130294" refString="Gromov, I. M., and M. A. Erbajeva. 1995. [The mammals of Russia and adjacent territories. Lagomorphs and Rodents.] Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institut, St. Petersburg, 520 pp." year="1995">Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995</bibRefCitation>
; Meyer et al., 1996, 1997;
<bibRefCitation id="CCF632FEBF679E725FB630EFB893B44A" author="Mezhzherin, S. V. &amp; A. E. Zykov &amp; S. Yu. Morozov-Leonov" refId="ref240119" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V., A. E. Zykov, and S. Yu. Morozov-Leonov. 1993. [Biochemical variation and genetic divergence of Palearctic voles (Arvicolidae). Meadow voles, Microtus Schrank, 1798, snow voles, Chionomys Miller, 1908, water voles, Arvicola Lacepede, 1799.] Genetika, 29 (1): 28 - 41 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1993">Mezhzherin et al., 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C8CB3AD44D041572A1695707E5F85795" author="Pavlinov, I. Ya. &amp; O. L. Rossolimo" refId="ref277815" refString="Pavlinov, I. Ya., and O. L. Rossolimo. 1987. Sistematika mlekopitayushchikh SSSR [Systematics of the mammals of the USSR.]. Moscow University Press, Moscow, 282 pp. (in Russian)." year="1987">Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987</bibRefCitation>
, 1998;
<bibRefCitation id="B6553E466E7CAD6D386DE96CBC2D4DBF" author="Pavlinov, I. Ya &amp; E. L. Yakhontov &amp; A. K. Agadzhanyan" refId="ref278176" refString="Pavlinov, I. Ya, E. L. Yakhontov, and A. K. Agadzhanyan. 1995 a. [Mammals of Eurasia. I. Rodentia. Taxonomic and geographic guide.] Archives of the Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, 32: 289 pp. (in Russian)." year="1995">
Pavlinov et al., 1995
<emphasis id="488D520BC62CB1920992B5E4B90B2EFE" italics="true" pageNumber="991">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
) or treated as a separate species based primarily on chromosomal morphology and hybridization results (
<bibRefCitation id="818FC19C89CFDBC24CFB86F62112DC01" author="Malygin, V. M. &amp; T. M. Panteleichuk Santos Luis" refId="ref223325" refString="Malygin, V. M., and T. M. Panteleichuk Santos Luis. 1996. Morphological criteria for determination of taxonomic holotypes for simple vole species (Microtus, Rodentia, Mammalia). Doklady Biological Sciences, 348: 266 - 270 (translated from Doklady Akademii Nauk, 348: 282 - 286)." year="1996">Malygin and Luis, 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="61456E918A45DCE8D0C6CB8DA9E12400" author="Zagorodnyuk, I. V." refId="ref403023" refString="Zagorodnyuk, I. V. 1991 a. Kariotipicheskaya izmenchivost' 46 - khromosomnykh form polevok gruppy Microtus arvalis (Rodentia): Taksonomicheskaya otsenka [Karyotypic variation of 46 - chromosome forms of voles of the Microtus arvalis group (Rodentia): Taxonomic evaluation]. Vestnik Zoologii, 1: 36 - 46 (in Russian)." year="1991">
Zagorodnyuk, 1991
<emphasis id="601C1B1E4329C70DF9AF7EF87982D781" italics="true" pageNumber="991">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="33E8C2D6A443647DB7CB16D01E3A4988" italics="true" pageNumber="991">b</emphasis>
; and cited references). True
<taxonomicName id="5DCD6033A0A2DC3A2834A515BBCCD1CC" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
<emphasis id="18C184F836DD05D4A1445F0DD481DED2" italics="true" pageNumber="991">arvalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 2n = 46, FN = 84, that currently identified as
<taxonomicName id="49DF445243DE834149F3ABC99AA34EE3" baseAuthorityName="Eversmann" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis id="C74F01ECAE275CB3F625EF4FEC8C2C63" italics="true" pageNumber="991">M. obscurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or the &quot;
<taxonomicName id="BC40EB0E9E959C6B9BEBDAF811FE985F" baseAuthorityName="Eversmann" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis id="E226F32063D896C4A9F1A4A2504CEE98" italics="true" pageNumber="991">obscurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; form of
<taxonomicName id="AD5F6117A3025FE388CE663CEEA46EA0" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
<emphasis id="D71D888822EA5B2E5BA4CEBEED891687" italics="true" pageNumber="991">M. arvalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 2n = 46, FN = 72 or 74, and their hybrids demonstrate low fertility (
<bibRefCitation id="5C2443C2AE642D61A5B07E5C0B77F399" author="Malygin, V. M. &amp; T. M. Panteleichuk Santos Luis" refId="ref223325" refString="Malygin, V. M., and T. M. Panteleichuk Santos Luis. 1996. Morphological criteria for determination of taxonomic holotypes for simple vole species (Microtus, Rodentia, Mammalia). Doklady Biological Sciences, 348: 266 - 270 (translated from Doklady Akademii Nauk, 348: 282 - 286)." year="1996">Malygin and Luis, 1996</bibRefCitation>
). In Europe and N
<collectingCountry id="C055C81D74A23EF0C405DE14AB2B75A4" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="B0DFB902993D13AAE1C3082D8BD97147" baseAuthorityName="Eversmann" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis id="F0D4B88BFA95BFB484D9312D11A186A5" italics="true" pageNumber="991">obscurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ranges to the east and south of the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="B8E2841EA6FD4C10A4256A3D4427F3FD" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
<emphasis id="755ECF0779CB4B273C3C05917B5CF626" italics="true" pageNumber="991">M. arvalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see map in
<bibRefCitation id="C3E504899411F83F2194C1DC124821F5" author="Zagorodnyuk, I. V." refId="ref403023" refString="Zagorodnyuk, I. V. 1991 a. Kariotipicheskaya izmenchivost' 46 - khromosomnykh form polevok gruppy Microtus arvalis (Rodentia): Taksonomicheskaya otsenka [Karyotypic variation of 46 - chromosome forms of voles of the Microtus arvalis group (Rodentia): Taxonomic evaluation]. Vestnik Zoologii, 1: 36 - 46 (in Russian)." year="1991">
Zagorodnyuk, 1991
<emphasis id="7F81B36B9DF658327BC9CBAD359F439D" italics="true" pageNumber="991">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
), and
<bibRefCitation id="43B6F5F3A345510B0B76331AA65BB15E" author="Meyer, M. N. &amp; F. N. Golenishchev &amp; N. Sh. Bulatova &amp; G. V. Artobolevsky" refId="ref239209" refString="Meyer, M. N., F. N. Golenishchev, N. Sh. Bulatova, G. V. Artobolevsky. 1997. [On distribution of two Microtus arvalis chromosomal forms in European Russia.] Zoologiskii Zhurnal, 76 (4): 487 - 493 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1997">Meyer et al. (1997)</bibRefCitation>
documented their close approach to one another, separated by only 24 kms in
<collectingCountry id="FD99EB11E0306359AD663DB0406F897F" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF1B20CAE1F34BFEC26884A1AE36BE4E" author="Golenishchev, F. N. &amp; M. N. Meyer &amp; N. Sh. Bulatova" refId="ref122897" refString="Golenishchev, F. N., M. N. Meyer, and N. Sh. Bulatova. 2001. The hybrid zone between two karyomorphs of Microtus arvalis (Rodentia, Arvicolinae). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 289: 89 - 94." year="2001">Golenishchev et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
have uncovered a natural but narrow intergradation zone in which gene flow between the two parapatric karyomorphs approximates that among populations of the same karyotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D7FCB0F3B1C3D0ADB77FFAE123FD38CA" pageNumber="991">
Some synonyms listed and much of the southern and eastern distribution outlined for
<taxonomicName id="80F9DCC662BA42E1C238F669F4F0402A" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
<emphasis id="74C5079053254702B57F98348869629D" italics="true" pageNumber="991">M. arvalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Ellerman and Morriscon-Scott (1951) and
<bibRefCitation id="56EEA3C12E07ACC81AF168F07997FDA7" author="Corbet, G. B." refId="ref67548" refString="Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp." year="1978">
Corbet (1978
<emphasis id="6C362F07D9F6E84C04C74B33AF8629D2" italics="true" pageNumber="991">c</emphasis>
)
</bibRefCitation>
actually refer to
<taxonomicName id="AEA6D9A864B543164791D5277C5F7E37" baseAuthorityName="Conroy and Cook" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="levis">
<emphasis id="1A8F814962D09F3523FBCB255F65C9C1" italics="true" pageNumber="991">M. levis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(formerly
<taxonomicName id="3E52D99AC27F21EC5BB4103D2E71A61B" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossiaemeridionalis">
<emphasis id="F056F422D40504CD65EB65729AA01C38" italics="true" pageNumber="991">rossiaemeridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); see that account
</paragraph>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>