treatments-xml/data/6B/05/EC/6B05ECFD99C9BCE9CAEB3D4231737F39.xml
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<mods:title id="44D5E92548C75F0A72B09D7BDDFB42D0">A new cryptic species and review of the east-Andean leaf chafer genus Mesomerodon Ohaus, 1905 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="62EF36B96C95B1A0F86EC59AA184E664">Seidel, Matthias</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="6B05ECFD99C9BCE9CAEB3D4231737F39" ID-GBIF-Taxon="128810344" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B05ECFD99C9BCE9CAEB3D4231737F39" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6B05ECFD99C9BCE9CAEB3D4231737F39" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">
<subSubSection id="7B1F5CD3EE9616C5DB173043AF2B7FE8" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="34366B98DA7754C243FD0539AA2980F2" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">
<taxonomicName id="DDB1F473670D740A75B0D090E1D7E14E" ID-CoL="424J2" authority="Ohaus, 1905" authorityName="Ohaus" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Mesomerodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesomerodon spinipenne" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipenne">Mesomerodon spinipenne Ohaus, 1905</taxonomicName>
Figs 6, 7, 14, 18, 24, 27
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A0C27A437E7387BAFC058B69AF393273" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="37086855C97F04CD316745D960509024" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName id="63DD9A4EABBE298CA0DEFA40DA0BD3B9" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Mesomerodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesomerodon spinipenne" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipenne">
<pageBreakToken id="BB889F13889F294BB6A32E1CC8EC71B9" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" start="start">Mesomerodon</pageBreakToken>
spinipenne
</taxonomicName>
Ohaus, 1905: 320-321 (original combination).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1057618640B99E276272193D54F77002" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" type="type material">
<paragraph id="007855409F0E66E6340D4B55281D97AD" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F67E54FD97B9EC94C0654E33C3F823E4" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">
Lectotype male (designated by
<bibRefCitation id="9BBB60B7257ED02794A80D837F0E63B4" author="Soula, M" journalOrPublisher="AECFT, Saintry" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" title="Les coleopteres du nouveau monde. Volume 2: Rutelini 2. Revision des Pelidnotina 2. Revision des genres: Parhoplognathus, Chipita n. gen., Heteropelidnota, Homothermon, Hoplopelidnota, Mesomerodon, Mecopelidnota, Patatra n. gen. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae, Rutelini). Besoiro: Supplement au Bulletin de liaison de l'Association Entomologique pour la Connaissance de la Faune Tropicale." year="2008">Soula 2008</bibRefCitation>
) and three paralectotypes (1 male, 2 females). Lectotype male at ZMHB with label data: a) &quot;bei Pozuzu, Eckardt S.&quot; and &quot;O. Peru, Chuchurras&quot; (handwritten on verse and obverse), b) &quot;
<taxonomicName id="1DA11850C44C07913BA4D3424F9E3BF0" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Mesomerodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesomerodon spinipenne" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipenne">Mesomerodon spinipenne</taxonomicName>
, Type ♂ Ohs.&quot; (handwritten on red label), c) &quot;SYNTYPUS,
<taxonomicName id="6AF914ACE5A06896973BD64149FF2D63" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Mesomerodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesomerodon spinipenne" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipenne">Mesomerodon spinipenne</taxonomicName>
Ohaus, 1905, labelled by MNHUB 2007&quot; (typeset on red label), d) male genitalia card mounted, e) &quot;Lectotype
<taxonomicName id="1930264ABCC75241C3F05C355C8AE334" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Mesomerodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesomerodon spinipenne" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipenne">Mesomerodon spinipenne</taxonomicName>
Oh., 2007 Soula&quot; (typeset and handwritten on red label). Paralectotype female at ZMHB with label data: a)
<normalizedToken id="8AFEADD6D040C7D64319F7BA4C3949F9" originalValue="“60.”">&quot;60.&quot;</normalizedToken>
(handwritten, one egg mounted), b) &quot;BRAZIL R.Purus&quot; (typeset), c) &quot;
<taxonomicName id="30DC6A84137B210784BD673DEE9F8E3E" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Mesomerodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesomerodon spinipenne" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipenne">Mesomerodon spinipenne</taxonomicName>
♀, Cotype Ohs.&quot; (handwritten on red label), d) &quot;SYNTYPUS,
<taxonomicName id="8B529E3276E2BB377F3A872079618372" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Mesomerodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesomerodon spinipenne" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipenne">Mesomerodon spinipenne</taxonomicName>
Ohaus, 1905, labelled by MNHUB 2007&quot; (typeset), e) &quot;Paralectotype 2007,
<taxonomicName id="981ED30F5DE68E2C1574E883E2D49A3C" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Mesomerodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesomerodon spinipenne" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipenne">Mesomerodon spinipenne</taxonomicName>
Oh. Soula det.&quot; (typeset and handwritten on red label). Paralectotype female at ZMHB with label data: a) &quot;Chuchuras, Amazonas&quot; (handwritten), b) &quot;
<taxonomicName id="021F475805680E05EFF60AE7E75B59F4" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Mesomerodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesomerodon spinipenne" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipenne">Mesomerodon spinipenne</taxonomicName>
, Cotype ♀ Ohs.&quot; (handwritten on red label), c) &quot;SYNTYPUS,
<taxonomicName id="87476AB8856072E2EAED88657499114A" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Mesomerodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesomerodon spinipenne" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipenne">Mesomerodon spinipenne</taxonomicName>
Ohaus, 1905, labelled by MNHUB 2007&quot; (typeset on red label), d) &quot;Paralectotype 2007,
<taxonomicName id="96025B72E1D8AE9F59719A2E18B432C3" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Mesomerodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesomerodon spinipenne" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipenne">Mesomerodon spinipenne</taxonomicName>
S., Soula det.&quot; (typeset and handwritten on red label). Paralectotype male deposited at BMNH with label data: a) &quot;Chuchurras Peru&quot; (handwritten), b) &quot;Ohaus determ.,
<taxonomicName id="833C66D31AD5D61BD1F644D6E9029128" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Mesomerodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesomerodon spinipenne" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipenne">Mesomerodon spinipenne</taxonomicName>
Ohs.&quot; (typeset and handwritten), c) &quot;Peru 1907
<normalizedToken id="255639E84B02C63FE183567B26A573AE" originalValue="•27”">*27&quot;</normalizedToken>
(handwritten), d)
<normalizedToken id="39A3CECFB146B95E4EE1A900C726412E" originalValue="“Co-type”">&quot;Co-type&quot;</normalizedToken>
(typeset on round yellow label), d)
<normalizedToken id="5D9A714E32CB03E2D827CEB7F2BD3ACE" originalValue="“♂”">&quot;&quot;</normalizedToken>
(typeset), e)
<normalizedToken id="68E56714016CF1493E52CED41D2A5229" originalValue="“Cotypus!”">&quot;Cotypus!&quot;</normalizedToken>
(typeset on red label), f) male genitalia card mounted, g) &quot;Paralectotype,
<taxonomicName id="6C0F57E37E1A78FEF6E1575B8317570E" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Mesomerodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesomerodon spinipenne" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipenne">Mesomerodon spinipenne</taxonomicName>
, Ohaus, 1905, M Seidel des. 2016&quot; (typeset on red label).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="16149F60BDD7A303EE37A7F30B35D44F" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">
<bibRefCitation id="A807698178CE854FDAC515B8156ED37B" author="Ohaus, F" journalOrPublisher="Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="283 - 329" title="Beitraege zur Kenntniss der amerikanischen Ruteliden." volume="66" year="1905">Ohaus (1905</bibRefCitation>
: 321) stated that the type series included at least one male and at least one female (but likely at least two females based on the length/width range that Ohaus provided) from &quot;Peru Chuchuras (Eckhard); Amazonas, Rio Purus.&quot; We found one additional male syntype at the BMNH that fits the measurements provided by
<bibRefCitation id="4B96EEEFCECC75A0DB411EDD20D450BE" author="Ohaus, F" journalOrPublisher="Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="283 - 329" title="Beitraege zur Kenntniss der amerikanischen Ruteliden." volume="66" year="1905">Ohaus (1905)</bibRefCitation>
, and we labeled it as a paralectotype. It is possible that additional paralectotypes may be found in collections.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61579FFD8F3481C87B8239A14B207C94" pageId="11" pageNumber="72" type="description">
<paragraph id="A01DB134F36CE66AD3617D39318D610D" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">
<pageBreakToken id="36B678F01215912C49FE51C15BB14980" pageId="11" pageNumber="72" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1EEFA9D9D3CDEA23EEC43586545BB1D9" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">(based on 52 males and 161 females). Length from apex of clypeus to apex of pygidium 17.0-20.0 mm (♂) and 19.0-24.0 mm (♀); width at mid-elytra 10.0-12.0 mm (♂) and 11.0-14.0 mm (♀). Legs: Protarsomere 2 (♂) with well-defined striae at ventral apex (Fig. 27). Male genitalia (Fig. 24): Parameres with elongate, narrow projection (=stem) and with longitudinal, impressed fissure (Fig. 24a); stem broadened abruptly at apex, subapex with paired, spinose projections (almost appearing broken); ventral sclerite of phallobase with surface concave, apex quadrate (Fig. 24c); lateral view diagnostic (Fig. 24b).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7AE16B4BD26AF54F6135B8C0F978EE91" pageId="11" pageNumber="72" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="1575909ECBC41D43807610AACBFBFE48" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F3F704C910037F65BA6E30048C63602" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName id="808A1C059B5996B11BF22ADE939EB90C" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Mesomerodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesomerodon spinipenne" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipenne">Mesomerodon spinipenne</taxonomicName>
males are differentiated from other
<taxonomicName id="DB76267E4213DC3CA75004D5F751BC99" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Mesomerodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesomerodon" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mesomerodon</taxonomicName>
species by the following combination of characters: Protarsomere 2 with well-defined striae at ventral apex (Fig. 27) (lacking striae in
<taxonomicName id="D8D7A2DB02E467785ED16753E4DC6462" lsidName="M. gilletti" pageId="11" pageNumber="72" rank="species" species="gilletti">M. gilletti</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F667D55165C2D1F78CBB27B4C5116DFD" lsidName="M. barclayi" pageId="11" pageNumber="72" rank="species" species="barclayi">M. barclayi</taxonomicName>
sp. n.; Figs 25-26) and form of the parameres, and form of the ventral sclerite of the phallobase (Fig. 24 versus Fig. 23 in
<taxonomicName id="F130C477DD849CDAFAC9844D4F80297A" lsidName="M. gilletti" pageId="11" pageNumber="72" rank="species" species="gilletti">M. gilletti</taxonomicName>
and Fig. 22 in
<taxonomicName id="B8F9B37D98BA66F098B9FBFB0ABA16FE" lsidName="M. barclayi" pageId="11" pageNumber="72" rank="species" species="barclayi">M. barclayi</taxonomicName>
sp. n.). Females can only be confidently determined when associated with male specimens from the same collecting event. Females occurring in Bolivia and Peru are most likely conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="CAB1FAF7C17E69F1F7B0CA858F92DB35" lsidName="M. spinipenne" pageId="11" pageNumber="72" rank="species" species="spinipenne">M. spinipenne</taxonomicName>
(Figs 6-7).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8270A796A0547F90E568C19327635FC" pageId="11" pageNumber="72" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DC3A46D91AC70CB142E99C4DC04CB1F9" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA44442F757C27E92BEE46215E7C1B0C" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">
(Fig. 18).
<taxonomicName id="7F6B3C825F190B79DD19377CEB2C780A" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Mesomerodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesomerodon spinipenne" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipenne">Mesomerodon spinipenne</taxonomicName>
is the most broadly distributed species in the genus, and it occurs from central Peru to central Bolivia in the western (lowland) Amazonia (from 230 to 762 m elevation). The species has been recorded from Brazil, &quot;Rio Purus&quot; (
<bibRefCitation id="64CA879E637514B3A595DA145DF792A7" author="Blackwelder, RE" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="14" pageNumber="75" pagination="189 - 265" title="Checklist of the Coleopterous Insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America." volume="185" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="5228907BF8DCF7F5099B98FA36861E0A" author="Ohaus, F" journalOrPublisher="Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="283 - 329" title="Beitraege zur Kenntniss der amerikanischen Ruteliden." volume="66" year="1905">Ohaus 1905</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="01EFBF61C5614521FF40F1B28B675AEC" author="Ohaus, F" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum Fasc" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 172" title="Coleoptera lamellicornia, Fam. Scarabaeidae, Subfam. Rutelinae. T. 1: Tribus Rutelini" volume="199 A" year="1934">1934</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="427457D69701EFBEA81CC09F29191C5E" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">1952</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="B8B4487E58AFE128BB81888AE44F5519" author="Machatschke, JW" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterorum Catalogus Supplementa" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 361" title="Scarabaeoidea: Melolonthidae, Rutelinae." volume="66" year="1972">Machatschke 1972</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F5A50EC1221A51E31F475A9CA362283E" author="Krajcik, M" journalOrPublisher="Plzen" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" title="Animma. X. Supplement 4" volumeTitle="Checklist of the Scarabaeoidea of the World. 2. Rutelinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae)" year="2008">Krajcik 2008</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C0C71B5F0CFA4E019A6AF7C3D9BCE5B6" author="Soula, M" journalOrPublisher="AECFT, Saintry" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" title="Les coleopteres du nouveau monde. Volume 2: Rutelini 2. Revision des Pelidnotina 2. Revision des genres: Parhoplognathus, Chipita n. gen., Heteropelidnota, Homothermon, Hoplopelidnota, Mesomerodon, Mecopelidnota, Patatra n. gen. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae, Rutelini). Besoiro: Supplement au Bulletin de liaison de l'Association Entomologique pour la Connaissance de la Faune Tropicale." year="2008">Soula 2008</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="7100B8E038E575BF9A5E4C75FE4D233A" author="Moore, MR" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 349" title="Synopsis of the pelidnotine scarabs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini) and annotated catalog of the species and subspecies." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.666.9191" volume="666" year="2017">Moore et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
), but in our view this is an erroneous record. The record is based on a paralectotype female collected at the Rio Purus that rises in the Uyacali Region in Peru and flows into Brazil and which could, therefore, have been collected either in Peru or Brazil. Based on our examination of 213 specimens, we think that this specimen represents a Peruvian locality. Records of the species from Ecuador (
<bibRefCitation id="6CB8B4EEA69F4B374433A7D8C60362FA" author="Blackwelder, RE" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="14" pageNumber="75" pagination="189 - 265" title="Checklist of the Coleopterous Insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America." volume="185" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2A394D8CD3F99E424A714F512B45F8F0" author="Ohaus, F" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterorum Catalogus" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 241" title="Scarabaeidae: Euchirinae, Phaenomerinae, Rutelinae." volume="20" year="1918">Ohaus 1918</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="49532338412DE77140C54F748B721FCC" author="Ohaus, F" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum Fasc" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 172" title="Coleoptera lamellicornia, Fam. Scarabaeidae, Subfam. Rutelinae. T. 1: Tribus Rutelini" volume="199 A" year="1934">1934</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="9F4430EE48BCA337666AAB5963666E91" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">1952</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4DE90B0CF2DBFE2E20534B5674001FC7" author="Machatschke, JW" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterorum Catalogus Supplementa" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 361" title="Scarabaeoidea: Melolonthidae, Rutelinae." volume="66" year="1972">Machatschke 1972</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3F2AE622AD5363839C254C1B57B0DB61" author="Moore, MR" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 349" title="Synopsis of the pelidnotine scarabs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini) and annotated catalog of the species and subspecies." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.666.9191" volume="666" year="2017">Moore et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="9DAD269E10F8BE8854E68F34D203F438" author="Paucar-Cabrera, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 92" title="A catalog and distributional analysis of the Rutelinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of Ecuador." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.948.1.1" volume="948" year="2005">Paucar-Cabrera 2005</bibRefCitation>
) are incorrect. These are records for either
<taxonomicName id="23D67A5F1D948066727FADEE623A4A38" lsidName="M. gilletti" pageId="11" pageNumber="72" rank="species" species="gilletti">M. gilletti</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="05B3939C24E30216DEEA84D86CB77149" lsidName="M. barclayi" pageId="11" pageNumber="72" rank="species" species="barclayi">M. barclayi</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8F6A127263E80B0A1C78E5D39992D0D4" pageId="11" pageNumber="72" type="locality data">
<paragraph id="69427AD7DD36EAEDEEB601D4EEE018D3" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">Locality data</paragraph>
<paragraph id="040D8E483019A824CE836333A98148B8" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">(Suppl. material 1). 213 specimens from 18 collections.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A379D70AEA07349F77EC4B97E7F935F" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">
BOLIVIA: Cochabamba (Chapare),
<normalizedToken id="B98C397D440DEF15AD23B19D8A29617E" originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D0387E27DB9CBB95C90A55607A39C969" author="Blackwelder, RE" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="14" pageNumber="75" pagination="189 - 265" title="Checklist of the Coleopterous Insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America." volume="185" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EA7653CD5041841D3E38E77F461D7073" author="Ohaus, F" journalOrPublisher="Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="283 - 329" title="Beitraege zur Kenntniss der amerikanischen Ruteliden." volume="66" year="1905">Ohaus 1905</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="05706D958446C9376C6D8E649D6F4AE9" author="Ohaus, F" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterorum Catalogus" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 241" title="Scarabaeidae: Euchirinae, Phaenomerinae, Rutelinae." volume="20" year="1918">1918</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C92B7BA3218A470041D30B4DBA10C183" author="Ohaus, F" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum Fasc" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 172" title="Coleoptera lamellicornia, Fam. Scarabaeidae, Subfam. Rutelinae. T. 1: Tribus Rutelini" volume="199 A" year="1934">1934</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="50DE9C1DCC3F320CFC8CAAC0C248DF60" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">1952</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="BFED011A8895B33313A57352809AD1CA" author="Machatschke, JW" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterorum Catalogus Supplementa" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 361" title="Scarabaeoidea: Melolonthidae, Rutelinae." volume="66" year="1972">Machatschke 1972</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3D1D307226EE37868AD7C6CAEE911C9A" author="Soula, M" journalOrPublisher="AECFT, Saintry" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" title="Les coleopteres du nouveau monde. Volume 2: Rutelini 2. Revision des Pelidnotina 2. Revision des genres: Parhoplognathus, Chipita n. gen., Heteropelidnota, Homothermon, Hoplopelidnota, Mesomerodon, Mecopelidnota, Patatra n. gen. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae, Rutelini). Besoiro: Supplement au Bulletin de liaison de l'Association Entomologique pour la Connaissance de la Faune Tropicale." year="2008">Soula 2008</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="6D131E765F94E567E9FFD6A75B9EF446" author="Ratcliffe, BC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="186 - 207" title="Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: a Survey of the Families. Scarabaeoidea." url="https://doi.org/10.2317/kent-88-02-186-207.1" volume="88" year="2015">Ratcliffe et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
),
<normalizedToken id="0009081D4BA07B73D9EE483C8E91E5CA" originalValue="Junín">Junin</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C512A48D86F0C7C451638D1138EE6E8A" author="Blackwelder, RE" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="14" pageNumber="75" pagination="189 - 265" title="Checklist of the Coleopterous Insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America." volume="185" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4F0314B10349807B63BCCB2BD34E7AC0" author="Ohaus, F" journalOrPublisher="Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="283 - 329" title="Beitraege zur Kenntniss der amerikanischen Ruteliden." volume="66" year="1905">Ohaus 1905</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="B7BBEAD4ED0592D7FEFB1DC2840CD2CF" author="Ohaus, F" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterorum Catalogus" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 241" title="Scarabaeidae: Euchirinae, Phaenomerinae, Rutelinae." volume="20" year="1918">1918</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C086DD23826F9740FCD9496C21E055CA" author="Ohaus, F" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum Fasc" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 172" title="Coleoptera lamellicornia, Fam. Scarabaeidae, Subfam. Rutelinae. T. 1: Tribus Rutelini" volume="199 A" year="1934">1934</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="6CFECC375804E902742E4F03BAD57D2F" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">1952</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="861854206E379F3E3402C986E03DDDC4" author="Machatschke, JW" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterorum Catalogus Supplementa" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 361" title="Scarabaeoidea: Melolonthidae, Rutelinae." volume="66" year="1972">Machatschke 1972</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4B81FF5995CEE1FE716AC65D0DA0E521" author="Soula, M" journalOrPublisher="AECFT, Saintry" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" title="Les coleopteres du nouveau monde. Volume 2: Rutelini 2. Revision des Pelidnotina 2. Revision des genres: Parhoplognathus, Chipita n. gen., Heteropelidnota, Homothermon, Hoplopelidnota, Mesomerodon, Mecopelidnota, Patatra n. gen. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae, Rutelini). Besoiro: Supplement au Bulletin de liaison de l'Association Entomologique pour la Connaissance de la Faune Tropicale." year="2008">Soula 2008</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="6C3A5C9ECBB1EC6EE1267904F3B744DA" author="Ratcliffe, BC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="186 - 207" title="Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: a Survey of the Families. Scarabaeoidea." url="https://doi.org/10.2317/kent-88-02-186-207.1" volume="88" year="2015">Ratcliffe et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
), Pasco (
<bibRefCitation id="9F7878A975424D39B6046B17B065BC4A" author="Blackwelder, RE" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="14" pageNumber="75" pagination="189 - 265" title="Checklist of the Coleopterous Insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America." volume="185" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="76C87CD0A64036053D0709C43CB8320A" author="Ohaus, F" journalOrPublisher="Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="283 - 329" title="Beitraege zur Kenntniss der amerikanischen Ruteliden." volume="66" year="1905">Ohaus 1905</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4278738BD926EB1C1050B19D99EC4E01" author="Ohaus, F" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterorum Catalogus" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 241" title="Scarabaeidae: Euchirinae, Phaenomerinae, Rutelinae." volume="20" year="1918">1918</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="214573D3C311A43019CF99D786730524" author="Ohaus, F" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum Fasc" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 172" title="Coleoptera lamellicornia, Fam. Scarabaeidae, Subfam. Rutelinae. T. 1: Tribus Rutelini" volume="199 A" year="1934">1934</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="9449B4772C266F4ADEB23FE1C401C7CF" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">1952</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="30314844F586E6D7CCA03467379A43CC" author="Machatschke, JW" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterorum Catalogus Supplementa" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 361" title="Scarabaeoidea: Melolonthidae, Rutelinae." volume="66" year="1972">Machatschke 1972</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="44B8841CB5BACBE181AF6AB96CA7EAF5" author="Soula, M" journalOrPublisher="AECFT, Saintry" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" title="Les coleopteres du nouveau monde. Volume 2: Rutelini 2. Revision des Pelidnotina 2. Revision des genres: Parhoplognathus, Chipita n. gen., Heteropelidnota, Homothermon, Hoplopelidnota, Mesomerodon, Mecopelidnota, Patatra n. gen. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae, Rutelini). Besoiro: Supplement au Bulletin de liaison de l'Association Entomologique pour la Connaissance de la Faune Tropicale." year="2008">Soula 2008</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="935C4FEB94ADD56248276B93440DAF7F" author="Ratcliffe, BC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="186 - 207" title="Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: a Survey of the Families. Scarabaeoidea." url="https://doi.org/10.2317/kent-88-02-186-207.1" volume="88" year="2015">Ratcliffe et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
), Santa Cruz (Ichilo, Sara)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6E69E382502145C33F000C47D848A6E8" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">
PERU: Ayacucho (La Mar), Cusco (Quispicanchi),
<normalizedToken id="63EDBB020CB0CB24DA1A456CD9ED5A4B" originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
(Leoncio Prado, Puerto Inca), Madre De Dios (
<normalizedToken id="DA8DF65E07778C96DCBD4866C9149495" originalValue="Manú">Manu</normalizedToken>
, Tambopata), Pasco (Oxapampa), Ucayali (Padre Abad), Santa Cruz (
<bibRefCitation id="D934B05891B11779E82D8B54DF8C848D" author="Blackwelder, RE" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="14" pageNumber="75" pagination="189 - 265" title="Checklist of the Coleopterous Insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America." volume="185" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="82A9792BFF4DD1CD15A3335714E81CDA" author="Ohaus, F" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterorum Catalogus" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 241" title="Scarabaeidae: Euchirinae, Phaenomerinae, Rutelinae." volume="20" year="1918">Ohaus 1918</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="B318D888AF4856C26E2AE563716C6226" author="Ohaus, F" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum Fasc" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 172" title="Coleoptera lamellicornia, Fam. Scarabaeidae, Subfam. Rutelinae. T. 1: Tribus Rutelini" volume="199 A" year="1934">1934</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="8641B736E8D93B2202ED2BC23E578C35" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">1952</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="0AAD73845A2C79ACAED5B61349445B53" author="Gutierrez, AR" journalOrPublisher="Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina" pageId="15" pageNumber="76" pagination="106 - 125" title="Notas sobre Scarabaeidae neotropicos II (Coleopt. Lamellic.)." volume="151" year="1951">
<normalizedToken id="84423DD4AF00DF88124927A4DABBA265" originalValue="Gutiérrez">Gutierrez</normalizedToken>
1951
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="1F45BA802CF6926A389F5FD1C361A822" author="Machatschke, JW" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterorum Catalogus Supplementa" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 361" title="Scarabaeoidea: Melolonthidae, Rutelinae." volume="66" year="1972">Machatschke 1972</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="282E5406A287672970BA223A94A4B0FD" author="Moore, MR" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 349" title="Synopsis of the pelidnotine scarabs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini) and annotated catalog of the species and subspecies." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.666.9191" volume="666" year="2017">Moore et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F3E962C620656613C3F1929D2C05D60A" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" type="temporal data">
<paragraph id="69BCD91AD669D373FBC8CE0D15C2B4EC" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<pageBreakToken id="DA5423CB6760439525ADF372E0A0D517" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" start="start">Temporal</pageBreakToken>
data.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0BB54BBD3D3595CFD9E48D081B3355CC" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Based on label data, this species is known to be active in all months except January and February.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="596C0F73719301B15B3B8A3472274EB6" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" type="natural history">
<paragraph id="8201B584741A074D487DAACC3894D42C" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Natural history.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FAAF98EAD70B53B6D8B37CBAE350D018" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
Based on label data, adult
<taxonomicName id="E265B03CEB80EA8CDB1C4D0340452082" lsidName="M. spinipenne" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" rank="species" species="spinipenne">M. spinipenne</taxonomicName>
are active at night and can be collected at lights. Immature stages are unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7881DA243289420440AC3197667749DB" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="D6D63D8F553A4E148F7DF1E132F12773" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C35558D1B511BEFE5D7923E75784530D" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
Based on body measurements provided by
<bibRefCitation id="6AA8BF8A7F840731EBF750F751A6BE8D" author="Ohaus, F" journalOrPublisher="Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" pagination="283 - 329" title="Beitraege zur Kenntniss der amerikanischen Ruteliden." volume="66" year="1905">Ohaus (1905)</bibRefCitation>
, we conclude that he had a minimum of 3 specimens: 1 male (length 18.5mm, width 10.5mm) and 2 females (length 22-23.5mm, width 12.5-13.5mm) from two localities (Chuchuras and Rio Purus). The lectotype specimen at ZMHB was designated by
<bibRefCitation id="678398688CC4B6C6B1EC4BAE7FB857AB" author="Soula, M" journalOrPublisher="AECFT, Saintry" pageId="16" pageNumber="77" title="Les coleopteres du nouveau monde. Volume 2: Rutelini 2. Revision des Pelidnotina 2. Revision des genres: Parhoplognathus, Chipita n. gen., Heteropelidnota, Homothermon, Hoplopelidnota, Mesomerodon, Mecopelidnota, Patatra n. gen. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae, Rutelini). Besoiro: Supplement au Bulletin de liaison de l'Association Entomologique pour la Connaissance de la Faune Tropicale." year="2008">Soula (2008)</bibRefCitation>
, and it is a male specimen labeled by Ohaus as
<normalizedToken id="ACE0348005F74123C093487AE4945D4F" originalValue="“type”">&quot;type&quot;</normalizedToken>
(&quot;
<taxonomicName id="33C01F7B3C1B323A7E0B601D7C7D379D" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Mesomerodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesomerodon spinipenne" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipenne">Mesomerodon spinipenne</taxonomicName>
, Type ♂ Ohs.&quot;) and with the locality label &quot;bei Pozuzu, Eckardt S.&quot; and &quot;O. Peru, Chuchurras&quot;. As part of this research, we found and labeled specimens that were invalidly labeled as type specimens and that do not belong to the type series (see &quot;Type Specimens&quot;).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A13EC9926336DB8E9861A492559293AB" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
It is possible that the specific epithet, &quot;
<taxonomicName id="1E3AD5C099FE7A2F5BF4FD30A69884DF" lsidName="spinipenne" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" rank="species" species="spinipenne">spinipenne</taxonomicName>
&quot;, refers to the apex of the elytra in the male which possess an apical spine or tubercle. The Latin root
<normalizedToken id="9B0A2E53B0447137D0FF91E1A3E22E7B" originalValue="“spini”">&quot;spini&quot;</normalizedToken>
refers to spine or thorn, and the Latin root
<normalizedToken id="FA509A00D26FE9E80FA0A7E62E7B246D" originalValue="“penna”">&quot;penna&quot;</normalizedToken>
refers to wing. This character state is not unique to
<taxonomicName id="49209C82E4E0C0AF1825511CD1599313" lsidName="M. spinipenne" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" rank="species" species="spinipenne">M. spinipenne</taxonomicName>
; instead, it is a synapomorphy for all species in the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>